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Villanueva-Valencia JR, Tsimtsirakis E, Evilevitch A. Role of HSV-1 Capsid Vertex-Specific Component (CVSC) and Viral Terminal DNA in Capsid Docking at the Nuclear Pore. Viruses 2021; 13:2515. [PMID: 34960783 DOI: 10.3390/v13122515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetration of the viral genome into a host cell nucleus is critical for initiation of viral replication for most DNA viruses and a few RNA viruses. For herpesviruses, viral DNA ejection into a nucleus occurs when the capsid docks at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) basket with the correct orientation of the unique capsid portal vertex. It has been shown that capsid vertex-specific component (CVSC) proteins, which are located at the twelve vertices of the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsid, interact with nucleoporins (Nups) of NPCs. However, it remained unclear whether CVSC proteins determine capsid-to-NPC binding. Furthermore, it has been speculated that terminal DNA adjacent to the portal complex of DNA-filled C-capsids forms a structural motif with the portal cap (which retains DNA in the capsid), which mediates capsid-NPC binding. We demonstrate that terminal viral DNA adjacent to the portal proteins does not present a structural element required for capsid-NPC binding. Our data also show that level of CVSC proteins on the HSV-1 capsid affects level of NPC binding. To elucidate the capsid-binding process, we use an isolated, reconstituted cell nucleus system that recapitulates capsid-nucleus binding in vivo without interference from trafficking kinetics of capsids moving toward the nucleus. This allows binding of non-infectious capsid maturation intermediates with varying levels of vertex-specific components. This experimental system provides a platform for investigating virus-host interaction at the nuclear membrane.
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Zhou Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Hua R, Liu W, Jiang C, Chen Y, Yang W, Kong W. Optimized DNA Vaccine Enhanced by Adjuvant IL28B Induces Protective Immune Responses Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Mice. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:601-614. [PMID: 28650722 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific immune responses determine the efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccines. To optimize the immunogenicity of the antigen gD2, we developed the gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccine encoding HSV-2 glycoprotein D and UL25 gene encoding viral capsid vertex proteins in this study. The gD2 and gD2ΔUL25 DNA vaccines were compared with formalin-inactivated HSV-2 (FI-HSV-2), and results showed a greater protective immune response induced by gD2ΔUL25 than by gD2. Therefore, gD2ΔUL25 was chosen to evaluate further using the IL28B adjuvant. Immunization with gD2ΔUL25/IL28B elicited stronger humoral and T cell immune responses than with gD2ΔUL25 alone. Compared with controls, gD2ΔUL25/IL28B decreased HSV-2 viral loads and induced protective effects against genital tract lesions generated by HSV-2. These findings demonstrated that the prophylactic DNA vaccine gD2ΔUL25 with IL28B adjuvant could enhance the humoral and T cell immune responses, and improve the protective immune response against HSV-2 in female mice compared with FI-HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Rui Hua
- 3 Hepatic Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 4 Department of Biotechnology, Jilin Medical University , Jilin, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- 5 Gastroenterol Department, Jilin Province People's Hospital , Changchun, China
| | - Wei Kong
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
- 2 Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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