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Bošnjak B, Odak I, Barros-Martins J, Sandrock I, Hammerschmidt SI, Permanyer M, Patzer GE, Greorgiev H, Gutierrez Jauregui R, Tscherne A, Schwarz JH, Kalodimou G, Ssebyatika G, Ciurkiewicz M, Willenzon S, Bubke A, Ristenpart J, Ritter C, Tuchel T, Meyer zu Natrup C, Shin DL, Clever S, Limpinsel L, Baumgärtner W, Krey T, Volz A, Sutter G, Förster R. Intranasal Delivery of MVA Vector Vaccine Induces Effective Pulmonary Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rodents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772240. [PMID: 34858430 PMCID: PMC8632543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) and neutralizing IgA antibodies provide the most effective protection of the lungs from viral infections. To induce those essential components of lung immunity against SARS-CoV-2, we tested various immunization protocols involving intranasal delivery of a novel Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-SARS-2-spike vaccine candidate. We show that a single intranasal MVA-SARS-CoV-2-S application in mice strongly induced pulmonary spike-specific CD8+ T cells, albeit restricted production of neutralizing antibodies. In prime-boost protocols, intranasal booster vaccine delivery proved to be crucial for a massive expansion of systemic and lung tissue-resident spike-specific CD8+ T cells and the development of Th1 - but not Th2 - CD4+ T cells. Likewise, very high titers of IgG and IgA anti-spike antibodies were present in serum and broncho-alveolar lavages that possessed high virus neutralization capacities to all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Importantly, the MVA-SARS-2-spike vaccine applied in intramuscular priming and intranasal boosting treatment regimen completely protected hamsters from developing SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and pathology. Together, these results identify intramuscular priming followed by respiratory tract boosting with MVA-SARS-2-S as a promising approach for the induction of local, respiratory as well as systemic immune responses suited to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hristo Greorgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alina Tscherne
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Schwarz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgia Kalodimou
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Ssebyatika
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Tamara Tuchel
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Dai-Lun Shin
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Clever
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonard Limpinsel
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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