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Abukhadra BA, Abd El Rahman S, Soltan MA, Elhafi GE, Mosad SM. Preliminary molecular study for DIVA trial of antigenically characterized circulating bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.1 in Egypt. Virology 2024; 593:110012. [PMID: 38367473 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Using marker vaccines to control bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a novel strategy for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In this study, multiplex real-time PCR targeting gD and gE genes was applied for BoHV-1 screening on 60 clinical samples from cattle with a history of vaccination, in some cases by US2-deleted marker vaccines, that were suffering from severe respiratory symptoms. Conventional PCR targeting the gC and US2 flanking region was done for molecular characterization and identification of the US2-deleted vaccine strain. Six samples were positive for BoHV-1 by both RT-PCR and conventional PCR. Surprisingly, a conventional PCR DIVA trial based on the US2 gene revealed that only one sample that exhibited the US2 gene was a wild virus, while others that did not exhibit the US2 gene were vaccine viruses. Phylogenetic characterization classifies the samples as BoHV-1.1. This finding reveals the circulation of vaccine virus in field-diseased animals, which threatens the eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abukhadra
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd El Rahman
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Soltan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Giuma E Elhafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya
| | - Samah M Mosad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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Petrini S, Curini V, Righi C, Cammà C, Di Lollo V, Tinelli E, Mincarelli LF, Rossi E, Costantino G, Secondini B, Pirani S, Giammarioli M, Feliziani F. Genomic Characterization of a Wild-Type Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) Strain Isolated in an Outbreak in Central Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:150. [PMID: 38275960 PMCID: PMC10818397 DOI: 10.3390/v16010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoAHV-1) infection is common in cattle worldwide. However, information on the spread of BoAHV-1-circulating strains in Italy remains limited. In this study, we investigated an outbreak characterized by severe respiratory symptoms in a cattle herd (n = 30) located in Central Italy. BoAHV-1 was isolated from three cattle in a cell culture, which confirmed viral infection. Next, we characterized one (16453/07 TN) of the three isolates of BoAHV-1 using whole-genome sequencing. BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis revealed a nucleotide identity >99% with all BoAHV-1 strains belonging to subtype 1.1, highlighting the genetic stability of the virus. This study reports the first full genomic characterization of a BoAHV-1 isolate in Italy, enriching our understanding of the genetic characteristics of the circulating BoAHV-1 strain in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Valentina Curini
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo-Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Cesare Cammà
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo-Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Valeria Di Lollo
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo-Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Elena Tinelli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Luana Fiorella Mincarelli
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo-Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Costantino
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Barbara Secondini
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Abruzzo-Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.L.); (L.F.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Silvia Pirani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.T.); (E.R.); (G.C.); (S.P.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
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3
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Chau VQ, Kolb AW, Miller DL, Yannuzzi NA, Brandt CR. Phylogenetic and Genomic Characterization of Whole Genome Sequences of Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Isolates Identifies Possible Virulence Determinants in Humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:16. [PMID: 37450309 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There are limited data on the prevalence and genetic diversity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) virulence genes in ocular isolates. Here, we sequenced 36 HSV-1 ocular isolates, collected by the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, a university-based eye hospital, from three different ocular anatomical sites (conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelid) and carried out a genomic and phylogenetic analyses. Methods The PacBio Sequel II long read platform was used for genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis and genomic analysis were performed to help better understand genetic variability among common virulence genes in ocular herpetic disease. Results A phylogenetic network generated using the genome sequences of the 36 Bascom Palmer ocular isolates, plus 174 additional strains showed that ocular isolates do not group together phylogenetically. Analysis of the thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase protein sequences from the Bascom Palmer isolates showed multiple novel single nucleotide polymorphisms, but only one, BP-K14 encoded a known thymidine kinase acyclovir resistance mutation. An analysis of the multiple sequence alignment comprising the 51 total ocular isolates versus 159 nonocular strains detected several possible single nucleotide polymorphisms in HSV-1 genes that were found significantly more often in the ocular isolates. These genes included UL6, gM, VP19c, VHS, gC, VP11/12, and gG. Conclusions There does not seem to be a specific genetic feature of viruses causing ocular infection. The identification of novel and common recurrent polymorphisms may help to understand the drivers of herpetic pathogenicity and specific factors that may influence the virulence of ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Q Chau
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Aaron W Kolb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Darlene L Miller
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Nicolas A Yannuzzi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Righi C, Franzoni G, Feliziani F, Jones C, Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040785. [PMID: 37112697 PMCID: PMC10144493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Abd El Rahman S, Abukhadra BA, Soltan MA, Elhafi GE, Mosad SM. US2 Gene Flanking Region as Valuable Diagnostic Tool for DIVA Trial of Antigenically Characterized Circulating Bovine Herpesvirus Subtype 1.1 in Egypt.. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4502738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Guo W, Xie J, Liu J, Chen H, Jung YS. The full-genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2 isolated in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1033008. [PMID: 36386697 PMCID: PMC9664903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1033008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) causes bovine respiratory disease that poses a significant threat to the cattle industry. The prevalence of BHV-1 has recently increased in China. However, the lack of information about the prevalent isolates limits the control of the disease. In this study, a novel strain of BHV-1 was isolated from nasal swabs of Holstein cows in 2020 in China, designated as BHV SHJS. The genome of BHV strain SHJS is 135, 102 bp in length and highly similar to strain SP1777 (KM258883.1) with an identity of 99.64%. Mutations, insertions, or deletions mainly occur in UL27, UL44, and US8, etc., relative to the different genomic coordinates. Phylogenetic tree of UL44 (gC) showed that BHV strain SHJS belongs to BHV-1.2b cluster. The result showed that the strain had a different evolutionary origin from those prevalent in China. This study will enrich our knowledge regarding BHV outbreak strains in China and contribute to the prevention and pathogenic studies of BHV-1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Sam Jung,
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7
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Guo T, Zhang J, Chen X, Wei X, Wu C, Cui Q, Hao Y. Investigation of viral pathogens in cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex in Inner Mongolia, China. Microb Pathog 2020; 153:104594. [PMID: 33157218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a multifactor disease, the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causes high morbidity and mortality that is devastating to the cattle industry. To assess viral infections in beef cattle suffering from respiratory diseases in Inner Mongolia, 302 nasal swabs and serum samples were randomly collected from cattle with mild respiratory symptoms between March 2018 and May 2019. Our results showed that the rate of RT-PCR results positive for nucleic acids of viral pathogens in 6 cities was between 54 and 80%.The rates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV)infections were 44.70% (135/302), 24.83% (75/302), 5.63% (17/302), and 6.95% (21/302),respectively. There are also 8.94% (27/302) of samples were positive for BVDV and BHV-1, and 3.97% (12/302) of samples were positive for BPIV3 and BRSV. In addition, the RT-PCR products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences was performed. The results indicated that: a) all of the BVDV isolates were BVDV-1 and were classified as BVDV-1a (66.67%) and BVDV-1b (33.33%); b) all of the BHV-1 isolates were classified as subtype 1.1; 44.44% of the isolates were closely related to modified live viral vaccine strains, and 55.56% of the isolates were closer to epidemic strains; c) all of the BPIV3 isolates belonged to BPIV3c; d) all of the BRSV isolates were classified into subgroup III. It is suggested that an important cause of respiratory diseases for beef cattle is viral infection, and phylogenetic analysis can help us choose the proper strain to develop a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xindi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongqing Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Fulton RW. Viruses in Bovine Respiratory Disease in North America: Knowledge Advances Using Genomic Testing. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:321-332. [PMID: 32451028 PMCID: PMC7244414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in viral detection in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) have resulted from advances in viral sequencing of respiratory tract samples. New viruses detected include influenza D virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine rhinitis A, bovine rhinitis B virus, and others. Serosurveys demonstrate widespread presence of some of these viruses in North American cattle. These viruses sometimes cause disease after animal challenge, and some have been found in BRD cases more frequently than in healthy cattle. Continued work is needed to develop reagents for identification of new viruses, to confirm their pathogenicity, and to determine whether vaccines have a place in their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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9
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d'Offay JM, Fulton RW, Eberle R, Dubovi EJ, Chase CCL. Complete genome sequence of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) Los Angeles (LA) strain and its genotypic relationship to BoHV-1.1 Cooper and more recently isolated wild-type field strains. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2843-2848. [PMID: 31494777 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Cooper and Los Angeles (LA) strains were the two original respiratory strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 (BoHV-1.1) isolated in the 1950s from cattle with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. We report the complete genome sequence for the BoHV-1.1 LA strain and compare it to the prototype Cooper strain and six wild-type BoHV-1.1 isolates. A nucleotide sequence divergence of 0.74% was noted across the two complete genomes, caused by 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involving 12 genes and insertions/deletions that primarily affected the number of repeats within reiterated repeat regions of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cooper and LA strains are genetically the most ancient strains from which all of the more-recently isolated field strains of BoHV-1.1 evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M d'Offay
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Robert W Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Edward J Dubovi
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14852, USA
| | - Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
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10
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d'Offay JM, Fulton RW, Fishbein M, Eberle R, Dubovi EJ. Isolation of a naturally occurring vaccine/wild-type recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) from an aborted bovine fetus. Vaccine 2019; 37:4518-4524. [PMID: 31266667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) causes various disease syndromes in cattle including respiratory disease and abortions. During an investigation into the potential role of BoHV-1 modified-live vaccines (MLV) causing diseases in cattle, we performed whole genome sequencing on six BoHV-1 field strains isolated at Cornell Animal Health Diagnostic Center in the late 1970s. Three isolates (two respiratory and a fetal) were identified as vaccine-derived isolates, having SNP patterns identical to that of a previously sequenced MLV virus that exhibited a deleted US2 and truncated US1.67 genes. Two other isolates (a respiratory and a fetal) were categorized as wild-type (WT) viruses based on their unique SNP pattern that is distinct from MLV viruses. The sixth isolate from an aborted fetus was a recombinant virus with 62% of its genome exhibiting SNPs identical to one of the above-mentioned WT viruses also recovered from an aborted fetus. The remaining 38% consisted of two blocks of sequences derived from the MLV virus. The first block replaced the UL9-UL19 region, and the second vaccine-derived sequence block encompassed all the genes within the unique short region and the internal/terminal repeats containing the regulatory genes BICP4 and BICP22. This is confirmatory evidence that recombination between BoHV-1 MLV and WT viruses can occur under natural conditions and cause disease. It is important in that it underscores the potential for the glycoprotein E negative (gE-) marker vaccine used to eradicate BoHV-1 in some countries, to recombine with virulent field strains allowing them to capture the gE- marker, thereby endangering the control and eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M d'Offay
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Robert W Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mark Fishbein
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology & Evolution, Oklahoma State University, 301 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Edward J Dubovi
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14852, USA
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11
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Chothe SK, Sebastian A, Thomas A, Nissly RH, Wolfgang D, Byukusenge M, Mor SK, Goyal SM, Albert I, Tewari D, Jayarao BM, Kuchipudi SV. Whole-genome sequence analysis reveals unique SNP profiles to distinguish vaccine and wild-type strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). Virology 2018; 522:27-36. [PMID: 30014855 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a major pathogen affecting cattle worldwide causing primarily respiratory illness referred to as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), along with reproductive disorders including abortion and infertility in cattle. While modified live vaccines (MLVs) effectively induce immune response against BoHV-1, they are implicated in disease outbreaks in cattle. Current diagnostic methods cannot distinguish between MLVs and field strains of BoHV-1. We performed whole genome sequencing of 18 BoHV-1 isolates from Pennsylvania and Minnesota along with five BoHV-1 vaccine strains using the Illumina Miseq platform. Based on nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) the sequences were clustered into three groups with two different vaccine groups and one distinct cluster of field isolates. Using this information, we developed a novel SNP-based PCR assay that can allow differentiation of vaccine and clinical strains and help accurately determine the incidence of BoHV-1 and the association of MLVs with clinical disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada K Chothe
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Asha Thomas
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - David Wolfgang
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Maurice Byukusenge
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sunil Kumar Mor
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Istvan Albert
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Bhushan M Jayarao
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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Eberle R, Maxwell LK, Nicholson S, Black D, Jones-Engel L. Genome sequence variation among isolates of monkey B virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) from captive macaques. Virology 2017; 508:26-35. [PMID: 28494342 PMCID: PMC5535784 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complete genome sequences of 19 strains of monkey B virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1; BV) isolated from several macaque species were determined. A low level of sequence variation was present among BV isolates from rhesus macaques. Most variation among BV strains isolated from rhesus macaques was located in regions of repetitive or quasi-repetitive sequence. Variation in coding sequences (polypeptides and miRNAs) was minor compared to regions of non-coding sequences. Non-coding sequences in the long and short repeat regions of the genome did however exhibit islands of conserved sequence. Oral and genital isolates from a single monkey were identical in sequence and varied only in the number of iterations of repeat units in several areas of repeats. Sequence variation between BV isolates from different macaque species (different BV genotypes) was much greater and was spread across the entire genome, confirming the existence of different genotypes of BV in different macaque species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| | - L K Maxwell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - S Nicholson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - D Black
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - L Jones-Engel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Bovine herpesvirus 1 modified live virus vaccines for cattle reproduction: Balancing protection with undesired effects. Vet Microbiol 2017; 206:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Prevention of abortion in cattle following vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1: A meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2017; 138:1-8. [PMID: 28237224 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 is ubiquitous in cattle populations and is the cause of several clinical syndromes including respiratory disease, genital disease, and late-term abortions. Control of the virus in many parts of the world is achieved primarily through vaccination with either inactivated or modified-live viral vaccines. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the cumulative efficacy of BoHV-1 vaccination to prevent abortion in pregnant cattle. Germane articles for inclusion in the analysis were identified through four online scientific databases and the examination of three review and ten primary study article reference lists. A total of 15 studies in 10 manuscripts involving over 7500 animals were included in the meta-analysis. Risk ratio effect sizes were used in random effects, weighted meta-analyses to assess the impact of vaccination. Subgroup analyses were performed based on type of vaccine, MLV or inactivated, and the type of disease challenge, experimentally induced compared to field studies. A 60% decrease in abortion risk in vaccinated cattle was demonstrated. The greatest decrease in abortion risk was seen in studies with intentional viral challenge although vaccination also decreased abortion risk in field studies. Both inactivated and modified-live viral vaccines decreased abortion risk. This meta-analysis provides quantitative support for the benefit of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccination in the prevention of abortion.
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O'Toole D, Chase CCL, Miller MM, Campen HV. Kennedy, the early sixties, and visitation by the angel of death. Vet Pathol 2017; 51:1051-62. [PMID: 25362101 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814548515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inaugural issue of Pathologia Veterinaria in 1964 contained the first detailed account of lesions in aborted fetuses following natural, experimental, and postvaccinal infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). The article, written by pathologists Kennedy and Richards, described diagnostic gross and histologic features in 13 bovine fetuses. The authors provided clinical and epidemiologic features of 1 postvaccination outbreak, including the absence of clinical signs in infected dams and the propensity for abortions to occur after 6 months' gestation. Subsequent field and experimental studies corroborated and expanded these observations. As a result of this and later reports, veterinarians became alert to the association between infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and abortion, including the risks of exposing pregnant cattle to live vaccinal BoHV-1. Methods were developed to corroborate a morphologic diagnosis of herpetic abortion in cattle, including immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Outbreaks of postvaccinal BoHV-1 abortion in the United States began to be reported with apparently increased frequency in the early 2000s. This coincided with licensure in 2003 of modified live BoHV-1 vaccines intended for use in pregnant cattle, which are now sold by 3 manufacturers. Ten recent herd episodes of postvaccinal BoHV-1 abortion are reported. All 10 BoHV-1 isolates had single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) profiles previously identified in a group of BoHV-1 isolates that contains vaccine strains, based on a BoHV-1 SNP classification system. They lacked SNP features typical of those in characterized field-type strains of BoHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Toole
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - C C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - M M Miller
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - H Van Campen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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16
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Fulton RW, d'Offay JM, Dubovi EJ, Eberle R. Bovine herpesvirus-1: Genetic diversity of field strains from cattle with respiratory disease, genital, fetal disease and systemic neonatal disease and their relationship to vaccine strains. Virus Res 2016; 223:115-21. [PMID: 27374060 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) causes disease in cattle with varied clinical forms. In the U.S. there are two BoHV1 subtypes, BoHV-1.1 and BoHV-1.2b. Control programs in North America incorporate modified live (MLV) or killed (KV) viral vaccines. However, BoHV-1 strains continue to be isolated from diseased animals or fetuses after vaccination. It is possible to differentiate BoHV-1 wild-type from MLV vaccine strains by determining their single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns through either whole-genome sequencing or PCR sequencing of genomic regions containing vaccine-defining SNPs. To determine the BoHV-1 subtype in clinical isolates and their relationship to MLV strains, 8 isolates from varied clinical disease at three different laboratories in the U.S. were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Five samples were isolated within the past 5 years from New York and 3 were archived samples recovered 35 years prior from Oklahoma and Louisiana. Based on phylogenetic analysis, four of the cases appeared to be due to an MLV vaccine: 3 cases of aborted fetuses and one neonate with systemic BoHV-1 disease. One aborted fetus was from a herd with no reported history of MLV vaccination in two years. The remaining four isolates did not group with any MLV vaccines: two were associated with bovine respiratory disease, one with vulvovaginitis, and a fourth was determined to be a BoHV-1.2b respiratory isolate. Recovery of BoHV-1.1 that is very closely related to an MLV vaccine virus from a herd not receiving vaccines in an extended period prior to its isolation suggests that MLV viruses may remain latent or circulate within herds for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - J M d'Offay
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - E J Dubovi
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14852, USA
| | - R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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17
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Puentes R, Campos FS, Furtado A, Torres FD, Franco AC, Maisonnave J, Roehe PM. Comparison between DNA Detection in Trigeminal Nerve Ganglia and Serology to Detect Cattle Infected with Bovine Herpesviruses Types 1 and 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155941. [PMID: 27224314 PMCID: PMC4880179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are alphaherpesviruses of major importance to the bovine production chain. Such viruses are capable of establishing latent infections in neuronal tissues. Infected animals tend to develop a serological response to infection; however, such response—usually investigated by antibody assays in serum—may eventually not be detected in laboratory assays. Nevertheless, serological tests such as virus neutralization (VN) and various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely employed to check individual or herd status of BoHV infections. The correlation between detection of antibodies and the presence of viral nucleic acids as indicatives of infection in infected cattle has not been deeply examined. In order to investigate such correlation, 248 bovine serum samples were tested by VN to BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, as well as in a widely employed (though not type-differential) gB ELISA (IDEXX IBR gB X2 Ab Test) in search for antibodies to BoHVs. Immediately after blood withdrawal, cattle were slaughtered and trigeminal ganglia (TG) excised for DNA extraction and viral nucleic acid detection (NAD) by nested PCR. Neutralizing antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 were detected in 44.8% (111/248) of sera, whereas the gB ELISA detected antibodies in 51.2% (127/248) of the samples. However, genomes of either BoHV-1, BoHV-5, or both, were detected in TGs of 85.9% (213/248) of the animals. These findings reveal that the assays designed to detect antibodies to BoHV-1 and/or BoHV-5 employed here may fail to detect a significant number of latently infected animals (in this study, 35.7%). From such data, it is clear that antibody assays are poorly correlated with detection of viral genomes in BoHV-1 and BoHV-5-infected animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/diagnosis
- Cattle Diseases/genetics
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Cell Line
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/genetics
- Encephalitis, Viral/immunology
- Encephalitis, Viral/veterinary
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis
- Meningoencephalitis/genetics
- Meningoencephalitis/immunology
- Meningoencephalitis/veterinary
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Trigeminal Ganglion/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Puentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal (DF), Brazil
| | - Agustin Furtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabrício Dias Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Maisonnave
- Departamento de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Fulton RW, d'Offay JM, Landis C, Miles DG, Smith RA, Saliki JT, Ridpath JF, Confer AW, Neill JD, Eberle R, Clement TJ, Chase CCL, Burge LJ, Payton ME. Detection and characterization of viruses as field and vaccine strains in feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease. Vaccine 2016; 34:3478-92. [PMID: 27108192 PMCID: PMC7173208 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated viruses in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cases in feedlots, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronaviruses (BoCV) and parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3V). Nasal swabs were collected from 114 cattle on initial BRD treatment. Processing included modified live virus (MLV) vaccination. Seven BRD necropsy cases were included for 121 total cases. Mean number of days on feed before first sample was 14.9 days. Swabs and tissue homogenates were tested by gel based PCR (G-PCR), quantitative-PCR (qPCR) and quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and viral culture. There were 87/114 (76.3%) swabs positive for at least one virus by at least one test. All necropsy cases were positive for at least one virus. Of 121 cases, positives included 18/121 (14.9%) BoHV-1; 19/121 (15.7%) BVDV; 76/121 (62.8%) BoCV; 11/121 (9.1%) BRSV; and 10/121 (8.3%) PI3V. For nasal swabs, G-PCR (5 viruses) detected 44/114 (38.6%); q-PCR and qRT-PCR (4 viruses) detected 81/114 (71.6%); and virus isolation detected 40/114 (35.1%). Most were positive for only one or two tests, but not all three tests. Necropsy cases had positives: 5/7 G-PCR, 5/7 q-PCR and qRT-PCR, and all were positive by cell culture. In some cases, G-PCR and both real time PCR were negative for BoHV-1, BVDV, and PI3V in samples positive by culture. PCR did not differentiate field from vaccines strains of BoHV-1, BVDV, and PI3V. However based on sequencing and analysis, field and vaccine strains of culture positive BoHV-1, BoCV, BVDV, and PI3V, 11/18 (61.1%) of BoHV-1 isolates, 6/17 (35.3%) BVDV isolates, and 1/10 (10.0%) PI3V identified as vaccine. BRSV was only identified by PCR testing. Interpretation of laboratory tests is appropriate as molecular based tests and virus isolation cannot separate field from vaccine strains. Additional testing using sequencing appears appropriate for identifying vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - J M d'Offay
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - C Landis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - D G Miles
- Veterinary Research and Consulting Services, Greeley, CO 80634, USA
| | - R A Smith
- Veterinary Research and Consulting Services, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
| | - J T Saliki
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - J F Ridpath
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Diseases Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - A W Confer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - J D Neill
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Diseases Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - T J Clement
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - C C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - L J Burge
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - M E Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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19
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Saravanajayam M, Kumanan K, Balasubramaniam A. Seroepidemiology of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection in unvaccinated cattle. Vet World 2015; 8:1416-9. [PMID: 27047054 PMCID: PMC4774820 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1416-1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiology of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) infection in the non-vaccinated cattle population in northern part of Tamil Nadu, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 255 sera samples were collected from cattle having the history of respiratory and reproductive disorder from cattle of different age, breeds, and sex. All the sera samples were subjected to indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of IBR antibodies. RESULTS Results revealed that the seroprevalence of IBR infection among non-vaccinated cattle population was of 65.88%. No significant difference was noticed in the prevalence of IBR infection between cattle showing respiratory (63.64%) and reproductive form (70.89%) (p≥0.05). A higher prevalence was noticed in animals above 3 years of age (59.60%) and in crossbred animals (71.26%) than young and non-descript animals. This study showed the higher prevalence of IBR infection in female (67.92%) than in male (33.33%). CONCLUSION Cattle population in this part can better be protected with vaccination than leaving them unvaccinated and sero-monitoring shall have to be stressed with regular attempts to isolate and characterize the causative agent for IBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Saravanajayam
- Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Perambalur - 621 220, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Kumanan
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Balasubramaniam
- Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Perambalur - 621 220, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Differentiation of BHV-1 isolates from vaccine virus by high-resolution melting analysis. Virus Res 2015; 198:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Fulton R, d’Offay J, Eberle R, Moeller R, Campen H, O’Toole D, Chase C, Miller M, Sprowls R, Nydam D. Bovine herpesvirus-1: Evaluation of genetic diversity of subtypes derived from field strains of varied clinical syndromes and their relationship to vaccine strains. Vaccine 2015; 33:549-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Black D, Ohsawa K, Tyler S, Maxwell L, Eberle R. A single viral gene determines lethal cross-species neurovirulence of baboon herpesvirus HVP2. Virology 2014; 452-453:86-94. [PMID: 24606686 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-herpesviruses can produce more severe infections in non-natural host species than in their natural host. Isolates of the baboon alpha-herpesvirus Papiine herpesvirus 2 (HVP2) are either very neurovirulent in mice (subtype nv) or non-virulent (subtype ap), but no such difference is evident in the natural baboon host. Comparative genome sequencing was used to identify subtype-specific sequence differences (SSDs) between HVP2nv and HVP2ap isolates. Some genes were identified that despite exhibiting sequence variation among isolates did not have any SSDs, while other genes had comparatively high levels of SSDs. Construction of genomic recombinants between HVP2nv and HVP2ap isolates mapped the mouse neurovirulence determinant to within three genes. Construction of gene-specific recombinants demonstrated that the UL39 ORF is responsible for determining the lethal neurovirulence phenotype of HVP2 in mice. These results demonstrate that differences in a single viral gene can determine the severity of herpesvirus infection in a non-natural host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darla Black
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kazutaka Ohsawa
- Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Division of Comparative Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shaun Tyler
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, Canada R3E 3P6
| | - Lara Maxwell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - R Eberle
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
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