1
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Massonnet P, Grifnée E, Farré-Segura J, Demeuse J, Huyghebaert L, Dubrowski T, Dufour P, Schoumacher M, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Cavalier E. Concise review on the combined use of immunocapture, mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for clinical applications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1700-1707. [PMID: 37128992 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunocapture is now a well-established method for sample preparation prior to quantitation of peptides and proteins in complex matrices. This short review will give an overview of some clinical applications of immunocapture methods, as well as protocols with and without enzymatic digestion in a clinical context. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are discussed in detail. Challenges related to the choice of mass spectrometer are also discussed. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up approaches are discussed. Even though immunocapture has its limitations, its main advantage is that it provides an additional dimension of separation and/or isolation when working with peptides and proteins. Overall, this short review demonstrates the potential of such techniques in the field of proteomics-based clinical medicine and paves the way for better personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Massonnet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Grifnée
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jordi Farré-Segura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Demeuse
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loreen Huyghebaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dubrowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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2
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Ekimov A, Arunachalam AB, Blake T, Bodle J, Couzens L, Dubey S, Eichelberger M, Engelhardt OG, Gubinelli F, Joshi M, Melnyk D, Palladino G, Rigsby P, Rockman S, Savina N, Smith E, Gilchrist SAN. Assessing the stability-indicating properties of alternative potency assays for inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00726-0. [PMID: 37344260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the potency of a vaccine is critical to ensuring that an appropriate dose is delivered, lot-to-lot consistency is maintained, and that the formulation is stable over the life of the vaccine. The potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined routinely by the Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. A number of alternative potency assays have been proposed and have been under evaluation in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare a surface plasmon resonance-based assay and two different enzyme linked immunoassays against the current potency assay, SRID, and against mouse immunogenicity when haemagglutinin antigen of the A(H1N1)pdm09 component of an inactivated influenza vaccine is stressed by elevated temperature, low pH and freezing. This analysis demonstrated that the alternative assays had good correspondence with SRID for samples from most stress conditions and that the immunogenicity in mice corresponded with potency in SRID for all stress samples. Subject to further analysis, the assays have been shown to have the potential to possibly replace, and at least complement, SRID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Ekimov
- Department of New Technologies, Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE), Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums (SPbSRIVS), Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Saint-Petersburg 198320, Russian Federation.
| | - Arun B Arunachalam
- Global Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | - Taylor Blake
- Global Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | - Jesse Bodle
- Technical Development and Global Process Innovation, Seqirus Ltd, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Laura Couzens
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Sitara Dubey
- Standards Lifecycle, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Maryna Eichelberger
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Vaccines, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- Standards Lifecycle, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Manju Joshi
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Darya Melnyk
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Giuseppe Palladino
- Preclinical Research, Seqirus, 50 Hampshire Street, 9th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Analytical and Biological Sciences, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Steven Rockman
- Technical Development and Global Process Innovation, Seqirus Ltd, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Natalya Savina
- Department of New Technologies, Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE), Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums (SPbSRIVS), Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Saint-Petersburg 198320, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Smith
- Analytical CMC, Vaccine mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, 200 West Street, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America.
| | - Shawn A N Gilchrist
- S Gilchrist Consulting Services Inc, 8 Covebank Crescent, Brampton, ON L6P 2X5, Canada.
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3
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Rais Y, Fu Z, Drabovich AP. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in basic and translational research of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and its emerging mutants. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:19. [PMID: 34384361 PMCID: PMC8358260 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) now mainly relies on the measurements of viral RNA by RT-PCR, or detection of anti-viral antibodies by immunoassays. In this review, we discussed the perspectives of mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an analytical technique to identify and quantify proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and to enable basic research and clinical studies on COVID-19. While RT-PCR and RNA sequencing are indisputably powerful techniques for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and identification of the emerging mutations, proteomics may provide confirmatory diagnostic information and complimentary biological knowledge on protein abundance, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and the functional impact of the emerging mutations. Pending advances in sensitivity and throughput of mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography, shotgun and targeted proteomic assays may find their niche for the differential quantification of viral proteins in clinical and environmental samples. Targeted proteomic assays in combination with immunoaffinity enrichments also provide orthogonal tools to evaluate cross-reactivity of serology tests and facilitate development of tests with the nearly perfect diagnostic specificity, this enabling reliable testing of broader populations for the acquired immunity. The coronavirus pandemic of 2019-2021 is another reminder that the future global pandemics may be inevitable, but their impact could be mitigated with the novel tools and assays, such as mass spectrometry-based proteomics, to enable continuous monitoring of emerging viruses, and to facilitate rapid response to novel infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Rais
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrei P Drabovich
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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4
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Pierce-Ruiz C, Santana WI, Sutton WJH, Fischler DA, Cooper HC, Marc LR, Barr JR, Williams TL. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Vaccine 2021; 39:5106-5115. [PMID: 34344552 PMCID: PMC8302847 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and subsequent global outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 prompted our laboratory to launch efforts to develop methods for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection and quantification. We present an isotope dilution mass spectrometry method (IDMS) for rapid and accurate quantification of the primary antigens, spike and nucleocapsid proteins. This IDMS method utilizes liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze sample tryptic digests for detection and quantification of selected conserved peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. The IDMS method has the necessary attributes to be successfully utilized for accurate quantification in SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccines and as targets of rapid diagnostic tests. Absolute quantification was achieved by quantifying and averaging 5 peptides for spike protein (3 peptides in the S1 subunit and 2 peptides in the S2 subunit) and 4 peptides for nucleocapsid protein. The overall relative standard deviation of the method was 3.67% for spike protein and 5.11% for nucleocapsid protein. IDMS offers speed (5 h total analysis time), sensitivity (LOQ; 10 fmol/µL) and precision for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Pierce-Ruiz
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Wanda I Santana
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - William J H Sutton
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - David A Fischler
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Hans C Cooper
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Lidoshka R Marc
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - John R Barr
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Tracie L Williams
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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5
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Tung Yep A, Takeuchi Y, Engelhardt OG, Hufton SE. Broad Reactivity Single Domain Antibodies against Influenza Virus and Their Applications to Vaccine Potency Testing and Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030407. [PMID: 33802072 PMCID: PMC8001348 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic variability of influenza presents many challenges to the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. However, it is apparent that there are epitopes on the virus that have evolved to remain largely constant due to their functional importance. These more conserved regions are often hidden and difficult to access by the human immune system but recent efforts have shown that these may be the Achilles heel of the virus through development and delivery of appropriate biological drugs. Amongst these, single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are equipped to target these vulnerabilities of the influenza virus due to their preference for concave epitopes on protein surfaces, their small size, flexible reformatting and high stability. Single domain antibodies are well placed to provide a new generation of robust analytical reagents and therapeutics to support the constant efforts to keep influenza in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tung Yep
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK;
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Yasu Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Advanced Therapies Division, NIBSC, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | | | - Simon E. Hufton
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Wang D, Baudys J, Bundy JL, Solano M, Keppel T, Barr JR. Comprehensive Analysis of the Glycan Complement of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Using Signature Ions-Triggered Electron-Transfer/Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation (EThcD) Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14730-14739. [PMID: 33064451 PMCID: PMC7586457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The spike protein expressed on the surface of this virus is highly glycosylated and plays an essential role during the process of infection. We conducted a comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis of the N-glycosylation profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins using signature ions-triggered electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) mass spectrometry. The patterns of N-glycosylation within the recombinant ectodomain and S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were characterized using this approach. Significant variations were observed in the distribution of glycan types as well as the specific individual glycans on the modification sites of the ectodomain and subunit proteins. The relative abundance of sialylated glycans in the S1 subunit compared to the full-length protein could indicate differences in the global structure and function of these two species. In addition, we compared N-glycan profiles of the recombinant spike proteins produced from different expression systems, including human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) insect cells. These results provide useful information for the study of the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and for the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Jakub Baudys
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Bundy
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Maria Solano
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Theodore Keppel
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - John R. Barr
- Division of Laboratory
Sciences,
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
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7
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Ning T, Sun S, Nie J, li M, Huang W, Li X, Cao J, Wang Y. Simultaneous quantification of major capsid protein of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 in multivalent human papillomavirus vaccines by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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Sharma VK, Sharma I, Glick J. The expanding role of mass spectrometry in the field of vaccine development. Mass Spectrom Rev 2020; 39:83-104. [PMID: 29852530 PMCID: PMC7027533 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological mass spectrometry has evolved as a core analytical technology in the last decade mainly because of its unparalleled ability to perform qualitative as well as quantitative profiling of enormously complex biological samples with high mass accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and specificity. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are also routinely used to assess glycosylation and other post-translational modifications, disulfide bond linkage, and scrambling as well as for the detection of host cell protein contaminants in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development has been very limited but is now expanding as the landscape of global vaccine development is shifting towards the development of recombinant vaccines. In this review, the role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development is presented, some of the ongoing efforts to develop vaccines for diseases with global unmet medical need are discussed and the regulatory challenges of implementing mass spectrometry techniques in a quality control laboratory setting are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ity Sharma
- Independent CMC ConsultantParamusNew Jersey
| | - James Glick
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchEast HanoverNew Jersey
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9
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Guo J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Mugabe S, Wei Z, Borisov OV. Development and fit-for-purpose verification of an LC-MS method for quantitation of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in influenza virus-like particle vaccine candidates. Anal Biochem 2020; 592:113577. [PMID: 31926146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant influenza Virus-Like Particle (VLP) vaccines are promising vaccine candidates to prevent influenza, contain two major viral antigenic glycoproteins, Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA), on the surface of recombinant VLPs. Accurate quantitation of the mass of these antigenic proteins is important to ensure the product quality and proper dosing. Currently, Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) is a recognized assay for determination of the HA immuno-reactive concentration (potency) in vaccine products, based on immuno-reactivity of HA with strain-specific antisera. The SRID assay, however, requires availability of strain-specific and properly calibrated reagents, which can be time-consuming to generate and calibrate. In addition, the assay is not suitable for quantitation of low abundant proteins, such as NA. In order to accelerate the overall production cycle, we have developed and optimized a high-resolution (HR) LC-MS method for absolute quantitation of both HA and NA protein concentrations in influenza VLP vaccine candidates. In this work, we present the method development, optimization and verification of its suitability for the intended purpose, as a prerequisite for its potential application in Quality Control, by assessing specificity, precision and accuracy, detection characteristics, and dynamic linear range. The method can be also used for other HA/NA containing preparations including in-process samples, purified proteins, whole virus preparations, nano-particle and egg-based vaccine preparations, or for calibration of SRID reference antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Guo
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Yali Lu
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Sheila Mugabe
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ziping Wei
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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10
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Whiting G, Ferguson J, Fang M, Pepin D, Donahoe P, Matejtschuk P, Burns C, Wheeler JX. Quantification of Müllerian Inhibiting Substance/Anti-Müllerian Hormone polypeptide by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2018; 560:50-55. [PMID: 29742446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of serum concentrations of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) by immunoassay is gaining clinical acceptance and widespread use for the diagnosis of ovarian conditions and for prediction of the response to ovarian stimulation protocols as part of assisted reproductive therapies. Provision of an International Standard to harmonize immunoassay methods is required. It is desirable for the content of a future International Standard to be assigned in mass units for consistency with the units reported by current methods. Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), a physicochemical method with traceability to the SI (Système International d'Unités) unit of mass, is a candidate approach to provide orthogonal data to support this mass assignment. Here, we report on the development of an IDMS method for quantitation of AMH using three peptides from different regions of the AMH monomer as surrogates for the measurement of AMH. We show the sensitivity and linearity of the standard peptides and demonstrate the reproducibility and consistency of the measurement amongst the three peptides for determining the AMH content in buffered preparations and in trial preparations of recombinant AMH, lyophilised in the presence of an excess of bovine casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Whiting
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Jackie Ferguson
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Min Fang
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - David Pepin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 6206, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Patricia Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 6206, Boston, MA02114, USA
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Chris Burns
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
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11
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Huang SY, Lin MH, Chen YH, Lai CC, Lee MS, Hu AYC, Sung WC. Application of stable isotope dimethyl labeling for MRM based absolute antigen quantification of influenza vaccine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1104:40-48. [PMID: 30428430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Determining the precursor/product ion pair and optimal collision energy are the critical steps for developing a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay using triple quadruple mass spectrometer for protein quantitation. In this study, a platform consisting of stable isotope dimethyl labeling coupled with triple-quadruple mass spectrometer was used to quantify the protein components of the influenza vaccines. Dimethyl labeling of both the peptide N-termini and the ϵ-amino group of lysine residues was achieved by reductive amination using formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydrate. Dimethylated peptides are known to exhibit dominant a1 ions under gas phase fragmentation in a mass spectrometer. These a1 ions can be predicted from the peptide N-terminal amino acids, and their signals do not vary significantly across a wide range of collision energies, which facilitates the determination of MRM transition settings for multiple protein targets. The intrinsic a1 ions provide sensitivity for acquiring MRM peaks that is superior to that of the typical b/y ions used for native peptides, and they also provided good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) at the detected concentration range for each peptide. These features allow for the simultaneous quantification of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in vaccines derived from either embryo eggs or cell cultivation. Moreover, the low abundant ovalbumin residue originated from the manufacturing process can also be determined. The results demonstrate that the stable isotope dimethyl labeling coupled with MRM Mass spectrometry screening of a1 ions (i.e., SIDa-MS) can be used as a high-throughput platform for multiple protein quantification of vaccine products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Han Lin
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Hsuan Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lai
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli 350, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The single radial immunodiffusion assay has been the accepted method for determining the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines since 1978. The worldwide adoption of this assay for vaccine standardisation was facilitated through collaborative studies that demonstrated a high level of reproducibility and its applicability to the different types of influenza vaccine being produced at that time. Clinical evidence indicated the relevance of SRID as a potency assay. Unique features of the SRID assay are likely responsible for its longevity even as newer technologies for vaccine characterisation have been developed and refined. Nevertheless, there are significant limitations to the SRID assay that indicate the need for improvement, and there has been a substantial amount of work undertaken in recent years to develop and evaluate alternative potency assays, including collaborative studies involving research laboratories, regulatory agencies and vaccine manufacturers. Here, we provide an overview of the history of inactivated influenza vaccine potency testing, the current state of alternative assay development and the some of the major challenges to be overcome before implementation of new assays for potency determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Wood
- Formerly National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Bushey, Herts, UK
| | - Jerry P Weir
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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