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Akter F, Shamimuzzaman M. Potency, immunogenicity, and efficacy of rabies vaccine: In vitro and in vivo approach. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1198. [PMID: 38411335 PMCID: PMC10898210 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies, a potentially lethal virus, affects more than 150 countries. Although the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin have been available since 1908, Bangladesh is new to vaccine manufacturing. We checked the quality of the local manufacturing rabies vaccine for substandard. METHODS The potency and immunogenicity of 20 vaccines were analyzed by three in vivo and in vitro methods from March 2020 to May 2023. Single radial immunodiffusion, fluorescent antibody virus neutralization, and national institutes of health tests were carried out to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy to provide sufficient protection against the rabies virus. RESULTS The potency of the rabies vaccine was determined by the in vitro SRID method by measuring glycoprotein content. An average of 16 articles from each batch was calculated. The minimum and maximum average mean values of the 20 batches were 5.058 and 5.346, respectively. The variance was calculated at 0.00566. We found a coefficient of variation (CV) between 9.36% and 14.80%. The 100% sample was satisfactory, as these samples had a potency of over 2.5 IU/mL. To observe immunogenicity, we applied the FAVN method for determining antibody titers. An average of 16 articles from every batch were counted to quantify antibody titers. The mean quantity of antibody titers ranged from 2.389 to 3.3875. The CV was slightly lower because of the dispersion of the data. At last, we performed an in vivo method, the NIH test method, to determine potency based on mortality rate. We found a mean value of 4.777 IU/SHD with a standard deviation of 1.13 IU/SHD. All 20 batches were found 100% satisfactory in the NIH test. CONCLUSION The study implies that the rabies human vaccines manufactured in Bangladesh are potent enough to provide sufficient immunogenicity. Our research is warranted testimony for healthcare providers who work to extirpate rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akter
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamimuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ekimov A, Arunachalam AB, Blake T, Bodle J, Couzens L, Dubey S, Eichelberger M, Engelhardt OG, Gubinelli F, Joshi M, Melnyk D, Palladino G, Rigsby P, Rockman S, Savina N, Smith E, Gilchrist SAN. Assessing the stability-indicating properties of alternative potency assays for inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00726-0. [PMID: 37344260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the potency of a vaccine is critical to ensuring that an appropriate dose is delivered, lot-to-lot consistency is maintained, and that the formulation is stable over the life of the vaccine. The potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined routinely by the Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. A number of alternative potency assays have been proposed and have been under evaluation in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare a surface plasmon resonance-based assay and two different enzyme linked immunoassays against the current potency assay, SRID, and against mouse immunogenicity when haemagglutinin antigen of the A(H1N1)pdm09 component of an inactivated influenza vaccine is stressed by elevated temperature, low pH and freezing. This analysis demonstrated that the alternative assays had good correspondence with SRID for samples from most stress conditions and that the immunogenicity in mice corresponded with potency in SRID for all stress samples. Subject to further analysis, the assays have been shown to have the potential to possibly replace, and at least complement, SRID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Ekimov
- Department of New Technologies, Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE), Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums (SPbSRIVS), Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Saint-Petersburg 198320, Russian Federation.
| | - Arun B Arunachalam
- Global Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | - Taylor Blake
- Global Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | - Jesse Bodle
- Technical Development and Global Process Innovation, Seqirus Ltd, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Laura Couzens
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Sitara Dubey
- Standards Lifecycle, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Maryna Eichelberger
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Vaccines, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- Standards Lifecycle, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Manju Joshi
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Darya Melnyk
- Division of Biological Standards and Quality Control (DBSQC), Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food & Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, United States of America.
| | - Giuseppe Palladino
- Preclinical Research, Seqirus, 50 Hampshire Street, 9th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America.
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Analytical and Biological Sciences, Scientific Research & Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Steven Rockman
- Technical Development and Global Process Innovation, Seqirus Ltd, 63 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Natalya Savina
- Department of New Technologies, Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE), Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums (SPbSRIVS), Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Saint-Petersburg 198320, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Smith
- Analytical CMC, Vaccine mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, 200 West Street, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America.
| | - Shawn A N Gilchrist
- S Gilchrist Consulting Services Inc, 8 Covebank Crescent, Brampton, ON L6P 2X5, Canada.
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Shete MD, Patil DB, Karade P, Chopade R, Gandhi N, Alane U. Assessment of Age-Related Changes of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Levels among Healthy Individuals. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S461-S464. [PMID: 34447134 PMCID: PMC8375946 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_605_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the first line of defense against pathogens that invade mucosal surfaces. It has been reported that the immune system exhibits profound age-related changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the age-dependent changes of salivary IgA among healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 120 healthy individuals (aged 11–70 years). The salivary IgA concentrations were measured by the use of a single radial immunodiffusion technique and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean salivary IgA levels were 81.11 ± 4.50 mg/dl at age 11–20 years, 92.71 ± 13.76 mg/dl at age 21–30 years, 96.50 ± 4.04 mg/dl at age 31–40 years, 104.96 ± 10.15 mg/dl at age 41–50 years, 113.22 ± 7.85 mg/dl at age 51–60 years, and 91.38 ± 4.77 mg/dl at age 61–70 years. There was a significant difference among the mean salivary IgA levels of different age groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results showed that the salivary IgA levels exhibit age-related changes. Oral immunization may be considered to improve oral immunity when the salivary concentrations of IgA begin to decrease during lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishkumar Dinkar Shete
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipak Baliram Patil
- Department of Dentistry, B.K.L. Walawalkar Rural Medical College, Chiplun, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyatam Karade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rutuja Chopade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Gandhi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Dental College and Hospital, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Uddhav Alane
- Department of Orhtodontics, Aditya Dental College, Beed, Maharashtra, India
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Alston M, Thomas D, Jambulingam M, Hunt A, Grover R, Bronner L, Bronner Y. Examining the Relationship Between Sleep-Related Infant Deaths and Social Determinants of Health in Urban Communities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:779-785. [PMID: 34133008 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, sleep-related infant deaths (SRID) accounted for about 3600 deaths in the USA. The SRID rate for African American infants (186. 41 per 100,000 live births) is more than twice that of Caucasian American infants (85. 43 per 100,000 live births) (Centers for Disease and Prevention, July 2020). PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to develop a case for considering the relationship between racial disparities in SRID and social determinants of health (SDOH) in impoverished communities. The later has been related to chronic stress impacting biological and psychological functioning. The authors advocate that undesirable SDOH be regarded when developing safe sleep strategies for at risk communities, since chronic stress can impact psychological and biologic functioning, possibly manifesting in inconsistent safe sleep practices by caregivers. METHODS An adapted environmental scan (AES), using SRID and SDOH data from impoverished communities, was used to illustrate the comparison of SRID and SDOH in contrasting Baltimore neighborhoods. RESULTS The AES revealed a match between disparities in SRID and SDOH (e.g., educational achievement, unemployment, poverty, poor housing, and violence). The comparison between the SDOH and SRID increases together for named impoverished neighborhoods, as compared to those with low SRID rates in Baltimore. CONCLUSION Rather than limit safe sleep interventions to crib and infant sleeper give-aways, for example, hazardous SDOH seen in impoverished communities should be addressed. We posit that these results will stimulate discussion for well-placed and financed programs, along with policies that focus on decreasing SRID by improving poor SDOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Alston
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA.
| | - David Thomas
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA
| | - Malliga Jambulingam
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA
| | - Ariel Hunt
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA
| | - Raneitra Grover
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA
| | - Leslie Bronner
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke Regional Medical Center, 3643 North Roxboro Road, Durham, NC, 27704, USA
| | - Yvonne Bronner
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Portage Hall: 4530 Portage Ave./Room 302K, Baltimore, MD, 21239, USA
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Engelhardt OG, Edge C, Dunleavy U, Guilfoyle K, Harvey R, Major D, Newman R, Penn R, Skeldon S, Storey C, Wheeler J, Wood J, Minor P. Comparison of single radial immunodiffusion, SDS-PAGE and HPLC potency assays for inactivated influenza vaccines shows differences in ability to predict immunogenicity of haemagglutinin antigen. Vaccine 2018; 36:4339-4345. [PMID: 29895503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current gold-standard potency test for inactivated influenza vaccines is the single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) assay. A number of alternative potency tests for inactivated influenza vaccines have been proposed in recent years. Evaluation of these new potency tests commonly involves comparison with SRD, in order to ascertain that the new method obtains values that correlate with those measured by the standard potency test. Here, we extended comparison of two methods, reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-PAGE, with SRD by assessing the methods' capacity to detect loss of potency induced by various deliberate treatments of vaccine samples. We demonstrate that neither of these methods detected the loss of potency observed by SRD; importantly, neither SDS-PAGE nor reverse-phase HPLC reflected results from mouse experiments that showed decreased immunogenicity and protection in vivo. These results emphasise the importance of assessing the stability-indicating nature, ie the ability to measure loss of vaccine potency, of any potential new potency assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmar G Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Chantal Edge
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Una Dunleavy
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Diane Major
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Robert Newman
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Rebecca Penn
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Sarah Skeldon
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Claire Storey
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jun Wheeler
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - John Wood
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Philip Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
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Abstract
The single radial immunodiffusion assay has been the accepted method for determining the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines since 1978. The worldwide adoption of this assay for vaccine standardisation was facilitated through collaborative studies that demonstrated a high level of reproducibility and its applicability to the different types of influenza vaccine being produced at that time. Clinical evidence indicated the relevance of SRID as a potency assay. Unique features of the SRID assay are likely responsible for its longevity even as newer technologies for vaccine characterisation have been developed and refined. Nevertheless, there are significant limitations to the SRID assay that indicate the need for improvement, and there has been a substantial amount of work undertaken in recent years to develop and evaluate alternative potency assays, including collaborative studies involving research laboratories, regulatory agencies and vaccine manufacturers. Here, we provide an overview of the history of inactivated influenza vaccine potency testing, the current state of alternative assay development and the some of the major challenges to be overcome before implementation of new assays for potency determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Wood
- Formerly National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Bushey, Herts, UK
| | - Jerry P Weir
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Li C, Xu K, Hashem A, Shao M, Liu S, Zou Y, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Xu M, Li X, Wang J. Collaborative studies on the development of national reference standards for potency determination of H7N9 influenza vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1351-6. [PMID: 25970793 PMCID: PMC4514420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1032490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of human infections of a novel avian influenza virus A (H7N9) prompted the development of the vaccines against this virus. Like all types of influenza vaccines, H7N9 vaccine must be tested for its potency prior to being used in humans. However, the unavailability of international reference reagents for the potency determination of H7N9 vaccines substantially hinders the progress in vaccine development. To facilitate clinical development, we enlisted 5 participants in a collaborative study to develop critical reagents used in Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID), the currently acceptable assay for potency determination of influenza vaccine. Specifically, the hemagglutinin (HA) content of one vaccine bulk for influenza A (H7N9), herein designated as Primary Liquid Standard (PLS), was determined by SDS-PAGE. In addition, the freeze-dried antigen references derived from PLS were prepared to enhance the stability for long term storage. The final HA content of lyophilized antigen references were calibrated against PLS by SRID assay in a collaborative study. Importantly, application of these national reference standards to potency analyses greatly facilitated the development of H7N9 vaccines in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Li
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.2 ; TiantanXili ; Beijing , PR China
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Rhodes DG, Holtz K, Robinson P, Wang K, McPherson CE, Cox MM, Srivastava IK. Improved stability of recombinant hemagglutinin using a formulation containing sodium thioglycolate. Vaccine 2015; 33:6011-6. [PMID: 26409814 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to improve the stability of liquid formulations of recombinant influenza hemagglutinin (rHA) and to understand the mechanism of early loss of potency for rHA. The potency of rHA derived from several influenza strains was determined using single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), and the structure of the rHA was characterized using SDS-PAGE and dynamic light scattering. rHA formed disulfide cross-linked multimers, and potency decreased during extended storage. To reduce disulfide-mediated cross-linking and early potency loss, rHA was formulated with sodium thioglycolate (STG) and citrate. Addition of 80 mM STG and 55 mM sodium citrate inhibited disulfide-mediated cross-linking without affecting protein function for each rHA tested. The shelf life of the rHA formulation with STG-citrate, based on potency as determined by SRID, was extended as much as 20-fold, compared to a control formulation without STG-citrate. STG-citrate did not have a significant effect on the immunogenicity of H1 A/California/7/2009 rHA in mice.
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Rowlen K. Validation of alternative potency assays for influenza vaccines requires clinical studies. Vaccine 2015; 33:6025-6. [PMID: 26275481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Readers of this Special Issue of Vaccine are likely unified by a desire to enhance vaccine efficacy and improve vaccine manufacturing efficiency. For influenza vaccines, challenges to achieving those goals are many, and range from improved surveillance to less cumbersome production platforms and more reliable performance verification. Specifically, demand is growing for an alternative vaccine potency assay. Assuming that a replacement potency assay is found to be promising, one question will be: how will it be judged to be accurate? It is generally agreed that any potential replacement for SRID will have to exhibit good correlation with SRID and yield a value within ± 20% of the SRID determined potency. In my opinion, SRID itself has enough limitations that judging alternatives relative to that particular standard will not ensure that the industry as a whole transitions to an improved method. In fact, it could blind us to an assay that may ultimately provide a better predictive measure of vaccine efficacy (or immunogenicity). There is only one way to verify that measured potency is correlated with, and predictive of, measured immunogenicity - test the relationship in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Rowlen
- InDevR Inc., 2100 Central Ave., Suite 106, Boulder, CO, United States
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Khurana S, King LR, Manischewitz J, Coyle EM, Golding H. Novel antibody-independent receptor-binding SPR-based assay for rapid measurement of influenza vaccine potency. Vaccine 2014; 32:2188-97. [PMID: 24613520 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A WHO workshop organized following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic recommended development of alternative influenza vaccine potency assays as high priority that could expedite the release of vaccine lots in the face of future influenza pandemics. We have developed an antibody independent, simple, high throughput receptor-binding SPR-based potency assay, which does not require any reference antisera and could be used for rapid HA quantitation and vaccine release in pandemic scenarios. The assay utilizes synthetic glycans with sialic acid (SA) of either α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkage to galactose. Only functionally active forms of HA (trimers and oligomers) recognize the SA-glycans and are quantified in this receptor-binding SPR assay. The SA-glycan SPR assay demonstrated broad dynamic range for quantitation of HA content in influenza vaccines from different manufacturers for both seasonal (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B lineages) and pandemic influenza (A/H5N1, A/H7N9) strains with high reproducibility and low variability across multiple assays. In addition, the SA-glycan SPR assay is indicative of active HA stability, and can accurately quantify HA content in alum and oil-in-water adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Importantly, there was a good agreement between HA content determined by the SPR-based potency assay and the traditional SRID assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lisa R King
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jody Manischewitz
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Coyle
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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