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Satybaldiyeva N, Martinez LS, Cooper B, Oren E. The Association between Message Framing and Intention to Vaccinate Predictive of Hepatitis A Vaccine Uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:207. [PMID: 38397696 PMCID: PMC10888360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
As ongoing, sporadic outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections present public health challenges, it is critical to understand public perceptions about HAV, especially regarding vaccination. This study examines whether message framing changes the intention to vaccinate against HAV and self-reported vaccine behavior. Using a randomized controlled trial (N = 472) in February 2019 via Amazon Mechanical Turk, participants were randomized to one of four HAV vaccination message groups or a no-message control group. The message groups varied in their emphasis on the nature of outcomes (gain versus loss) and for whom (individual versus collective). The message frames were compared by intention to vaccinate, differences in message characteristics, and behavioral determinants. There was no difference in intention to vaccinate between gain- versus loss-framed messages (MD = 0.1, 95% CI = -0.1, 0.3) and individual- versus collective-framed messages (MD = 0.1, 95% CI = -0.1, 0.3). The intention to vaccinate against HAV in the no-message control group was very similar to that in the message groups. However, gain-framed messages were rated more positively in valence than loss-framed messages (MD = -0.5, 95% CI = -0.7, -0.3), which may be helpful for cultivating a positive public perception of HAV vaccination. The study also highlights the importance of comparing message frames to a no-message control in designing health communication messaging promoting HAV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Satybaldiyeva
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Lourdes S. Martinez
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Brittany Cooper
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Eyal Oren
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (N.S.); (B.C.)
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Felzer JR, Montgomery A, LeMahieu AM, Finney Rutten LJ, Juhn YJ, Wi CI, Jacobson RM, Kennedy CC. Disparities in Influenza, Pneumococcal, COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in High-Risk Adults 19 to 64 Years of Age in Southeastern Minnesota, 2010-2021. Chest 2024:S0012-3692(24)00145-4. [PMID: 38342164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective vaccines against influenza, pneumococcus, and COVID-19, uptake has been suboptimal. RESEARCH QUESTION Although disparities in vaccination by race and ethnicity have been observed, what is the role of other sociodemographic in US vaccine uptake? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a population-based study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), a comprehensive medical records linkage system, to assess effects of sociodemographic factors including race, ethnicity, individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) via the housing-based socioeconomic status index, education, population density (urban or nonurban), and marital status with uptake of influenza, pneumococcal, and COVID-19 vaccination in high-risk adults. Adults at high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease residing in four counties in southeastern Minnesota who were 19 to 64 years of age were identified. Vaccination data were obtained from the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection and REP from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2021. RESULTS We identified 45,755 residents. Most were White (82%), non-Hispanic (94%), married (56%), and living in an urban setting (81%), with three-quarters obtaining at least some college education (74%). Although 45.1% were up-to-date on pneumococcal vaccines, 60.1% had completed the primary COVID-19 series. For influenza and COVID-19, higher SES, living in an urban setting, older age, and higher education positively correlated with vaccination. Magnitude of differences in race, education, and SES widened with booster vaccines. INTERPRETATION This high-risk population is undervaccinated against preventable respiratory diseases, especially influenza and pneumococcus. Although national data reported improvement of disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake observed early in the pandemic, our data demonstrated gaps related to race, education level, SES, and age that widened with booster vaccines. Communities with high social vulnerabilities often show increased risk of severe disease outcomes, yet demonstrate lower uptake of preventive services. This highlights the need to understand better vaccine compliance and access in rural, lower SES, less-educated, Black, Hispanic, and younger populations, each of which were associated independently with decreased vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Felzer
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Allison M LeMahieu
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Young J Juhn
- Divisions of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Divisions of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert M Jacobson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Divisions of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Cassie C Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Al Nufaiei ZF, Alshenkiti A, Sallam FN, Badraig NS, Al Zhranei RM, Alshamrani KM, Sannan N, Alsulami M, Al-Thaqafy MS, Abdelrahman E. Assessment of the Knowledge and Opinions of Undergraduate Health Care Students Concerning Influenza Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2681-2690. [PMID: 37720268 PMCID: PMC10503518 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s415745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza remains a significant global public health challenge, causing substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of influenza vaccines, challenges related to vaccine hesitancy and healthcare professionals' attitudes persist. Furthermore, there is a need to understand the knowledge and opinions of undergraduate healthcare students regarding influenza vaccinations. Therefore, we aimed to assess and compare the knowledge and opinions of undergraduate healthcare students about influenza vaccinations, addressing the existing knowledge gap in this area. Methods We employed a cross-sectional study design to assess the opinions and knowledge of undergraduate healthcare students in Saudi Arabia regarding influenza vaccination. A total of 137 healthcare programs were invited to participate via filled-out the survey online. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics for the demographic profile and Chi-Square and independent t-tests for examining associations and differences in opinions and knowledge, respectively. Results A total of 429 undergraduate students completed the survey and were included. Significant associations were found between the students' major and their beliefs regarding the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing influenza (p=0.017) and the inclusion of influenza vaccines in medical practice (p=0.016). The majority of students agreed with seven out of nine knowledge statements, with agreement percentages ranging from 42.9% to 44.8%. When comparing knowledge scores, students majoring in medicine had a significantly higher mean knowledge score (3.91) compared to students studying other medical sciences (3.72) (p=0.019). Conclusion and Recommendations Our study suggests that a comprehensive approach involving education, awareness initiatives, and policy changes is needed to enhance knowledge about influenza vaccination among Saudi Arabian undergraduate students in Medical School allied medical sciences and medical degree programs. By implementing these strategies, we can promote a positive attitude towards flu vaccination and ultimately increase its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad F Al Nufaiei
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulghani Alshenkiti
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris N Sallam
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Suhail Badraig
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid M Al Zhranei
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alshamrani
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Sannan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Alsulami
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid S Al-Thaqafy
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Abdelrahman
- General Medicine, Albayt Medical General Center, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Almalki OS, Santali EY, Alhothali AA, Ewis AA, Shady A, Fathelrahman AI, Abdelwahab SF. The role of blood groups, vaccine type and gender in predicting the severity of side effects among university students receiving COVID-19 vaccines. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:378. [PMID: 37280542 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. To control the pandemic, billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects are inconsistently described in the literature. This study aimed to identify the predictors of side effects' severity after COVID-19 vaccination among young adult students at Taif University (TU) in Saudi Arabia. An online, anonymous questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were calculated for numerical and categorical variables. Possible correlations with other characteristics were identified using the chi-square test. The study included 760 young adult participants from TU. Pain at the injection site (54.7%), headache (45.0%), lethargy and fatigue (43.3%), and fever (37.5%) were the most frequently reported COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects after the first dose. The most frequent side effects were reported among the 20-25-year-old age group for all doses of all vaccines. Females experienced remarkably more side effects after the second (p < 0.001) and third doses (p = 0.002). Moreover, ABO blood groups significantly correlated with vaccine-related side effects after the second dose (p = 0.020). The participants' general health status correlated with the side effects after the first and second doses (p < 0.001 and 0.022, respectively). The predictors of COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects in young, vaccinated people were blood group B, female gender, vaccine type, and poor health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman Y Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ashraf A Ewis
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences-AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 28821, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Shady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Datar RS, Fette LM, Hinkelman AN, Hammershaimb EA, Friedman-Klabanoff DJ, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Weintraub WS, Ahmed N, Gibbs MA, Runyon MS, Plumb ID, Thompson W, Saydah S, Edelstein SL, Berry AA. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination during June-October 2021: A multi-site prospective study. Vaccine 2023; 41:3204-3214. [PMID: 37069033 PMCID: PMC10063571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine hesitancy presents a challenge to COVID-19 control efforts. To identify beliefs associated with delayed vaccine uptake, we developed and implemented a vaccine hesitancy survey for the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. METHODS In June 2021, we assessed attitudes and beliefs associated with COVID-19 vaccination using an online survey. Self-reported vaccination data were requested daily through October 2021. We compared responses between vaccinated and unvaccinated respondents using absolute standardized mean differences (ASMD). We assessed validity and reliability using exploratory factor analysis and identified latent factors associated with a subset of survey items. Cox proportional hazards models and mediation analyses assessed predictors of subsequent vaccination among those initially unvaccinated. RESULTS In June 2021, 29,522 vaccinated and 1,272 unvaccinated participants completed surveys. Among those unvaccinated in June 2021, 559 (43.9 %) became vaccinated by October 31, 2021. In June, unvaccinated participants were less likely to feel "very concerned" about getting COVID-19 than vaccinated participants (10.6 % vs. 43.3 %, ASMD 0.792). Among those initially unvaccinated, greater intent to become vaccinated was associated with getting vaccinated and shorter time to vaccination. However, even among participants who reported no intention to become vaccinated, 28.5 % reported vaccination before study end. Two latent factors predicted subsequent vaccination-being 'more receptive' was derived from motivation to protect one's own or others' health and resume usual activities; being 'less receptive' was derived from concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. In a Cox model, both factors were partially mediated by vaccination intention. CONCLUSION This study characterizes vaccine hesitant individuals and identifies predictors of eventual COVID-19 vaccination through October 31, 2021. Even individuals with no intention to be vaccinated can shift to vaccine uptake. Our data suggest factors of perceived severity of COVID-19 disease, vaccine safety, and trust in the vaccine development process are predictive of vaccination and may be important opportunities for ongoing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reva S Datar
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lida M Fette
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy N Hinkelman
- Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - E Adrianne Hammershaimb
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - DeAnna J Friedman-Klabanoff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William S Weintraub
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naheed Ahmed
- Center for Health Equity Research, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ian D Plumb
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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McElfish PA, Selig JP, Scott AJ, Rowland B, Willis DE, Reece S, CarlLee S, Macechko MD, Shah SK. Associations Between General Vaccine Hesitancy and Healthcare Access Among Arkansans. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:841-847. [PMID: 36323819 PMCID: PMC9629763 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines provide protection against numerous diseases that can cause serious illness and death. However, vaccine hesitancy threatens to undermine progress in reducing preventable diseases and illness. Vaccine hesitancy has been shown to vary by sociodemographic characteristics. However, studies examining associations between healthcare access and vaccine hesitancy are lacking. OBJECTIVE Using a statewide random sample of Arkansas adults, we examined the relationship between general vaccine hesitancy and healthcare access. DESIGN From July 12 to 30, 2021, participants were contacted by landlines and cellular phones using random digit dialing. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1500 Arkansas adults were surveyed. Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx adults were oversampled to ensure adequate representation. The survey had a cooperation rate of 20%. MAIN MEASURES The dependent variable was an ordinal measure of general vaccine hesitancy. Age, gender, race, education, relationship status, and rural/urban residence were included in the model. Healthcare access was measured across four domains: (1) health insurance coverage; (2) having a primary care provider (PCP); (3) forgoing care due to cost; and (4) time since last routine checkup. The relationship between general vaccine hesitancy and healthcare access was modeled using ordinal logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. KEY RESULTS Mean age was 48.5 years, 51.1% were women, 28% reported a race other than White, and 36.3% held a bachelor's degree or higher. Those with a PCP and those with health insurance had approximately two-thirds the odds of being more hesitant ([OR=0.63, CI=0.47, 0.84] and [OR=0.68; CI=0.49, 0.94]) than those without a PCP and those without health insurance. Participants reporting a routine checkup in the last 2 years were almost half as likely to be more hesitant than those reporting a checkup more than 2 years prior (OR=0.58; CI=0.43, 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest improving access to health insurance, PCPs, and routine preventative care services may be critical to reducing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - James P Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Aaron J Scott
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Don E Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sharon Reece
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sheena CarlLee
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael D Macechko
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Meyer C, Goffe L, Antonopoulou V, Graham F, Tang MY, Lecouturier J, Grimani A, Chadwick P, Sniehotta FF. Using the precaution adoption process model to understand decision-making about the COVID-19 booster vaccine in England. Vaccine 2023; 41:2466-2475. [PMID: 36933983 PMCID: PMC9935297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 continues to pose a threat to public health. Booster vaccine programmes are critical to maintain population-level immunity. Stage theory models of health behaviour can help our understanding of vaccine decision-making in the context of perceived threats of COVID-19. PURPOSE To use the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) to understand decision-making about the COVID-19 booster vaccine (CBV) in England. METHODS An online, cross-sectional survey informed by the PAPM, the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model administered to people over the age of 50 residing in England, UK in October 2021. A multivariate, multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine associations with the different stages of CBV decision-making. RESULTS Of the total 2,004 participants: 135 (6.7%) were unengaged with the CBV programme; 262 (13.1%) were undecided as to whether to have a CBV; 31 (1.5%) had decided not to have a CBV; 1,415 (70.6%) had decided to have a CBV; and 161 (8.0%) had already had their CBV. Being unengaged was positively associated with beliefs in their immune system to protect against COVID-19, being employed, and low household income; and negatively associated with CBV knowledge, a positive COVID-19 vaccine experience, subjective norms, anticipated regret of not having a CBV, and higher academic qualifications. Being undecided was positively associated with beliefs in their immune system and having previously received the Oxford/AstraZeneca (as opposed to Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine; and negatively associated with CBV knowledge, positive attitudes regarding CBV, a positive COVID-19 vaccine experience, anticipated regret of not having a CBV, white British ethnicity, and living in East Midlands (vs London). CONCLUSIONS Public health interventions promoting CBV may improve uptake through tailored messaging directed towards the specific decision stage relating to having a COVID-19 booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Meyer
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Health Psychology Research Group, Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.
| | - Louis Goffe
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Vivi Antonopoulou
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Health Psychology Research Group, Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Fiona Graham
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Mei Yee Tang
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jan Lecouturier
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Aikaterini Grimani
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Paul Chadwick
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Health Psychology Research Group, Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- NIHR Policy Research Unit in Behavioural Science - Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK; Department of Public Health, Preventive and Social Medicine, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Wuerttemberg, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Xu Q, Fan K, Wei D, Wang J, Wang X, Lou X, Lin H, Wang C, Wu C, Mao Z. Association between attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines and mental health among 140,259 college students in China. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36744107 PMCID: PMC9886423 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background With the launch of the COVID-19 vaccines, the vaccination rate has become a hot issue of concern. However, the evidence for the relationship between college students' attitudes toward vaccines and anxiety and depressive symptoms has been limited. Methods In total, 140,259 college students were recruited using a cluster sampling method in Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Xinyang city of Henan Province, China, May 21-27, 2021. Anxiety symptoms were determined by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool (GAD-7) and depressive symptoms were determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between students' attitudes toward the vaccines and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results The results indicate that 22.45% of students are unclear whether the vaccine can protect them from infection and 45.57% are unclear whether the vaccine is safe and has no side effects. In addition, after adjusting, the model showed that students who think vaccines can protect them and are safe had 0.128 (95%CI 0.110-0.150; Ptrend < 0.001) times lower risk of anxiety compared to their counterparts who think vaccines can neither protect them nor are safe. Similar ORs were found in depression (aOR = 0.157; 95%CI 0.137-0.180). Conclusion This large-scale study has shown an association between symptoms of anxiety and depression and reluctance to obtain vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-023-01830-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Teaching and Training Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University/The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000 China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People’s Republic of China
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9
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Felzer JR, Finney Rutten LJ, Wi CI, LeMahieu AM, Beam E, Juhn YJ, Jacobson RM, Kennedy CC. Disparities in vaccination rates in solid organ transplant patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14010. [PMID: 36715676 PMCID: PMC10085850 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccinations against preventable respiratory infections such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza are important in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Little is known about the role of age, race, ethnicity, sex, and sociodemographic factors including rurality, or socioeconomic status (SES) associated with vaccine uptake in this population. METHODS We conducted a population-based study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a medical records linkage system, to assess socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates among adult recipients of solid organ transplantation (aged 19-64 years) living in four counties in southeastern Minnesota. Vaccination data were obtained from the Minnesota Immunization Information Connection from June 1, 2010 to June 30, 2020. Vaccination rate was assessed with Poisson and logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 468 SOT recipients were identified with an overall vaccination rate of 57%-63% for influenza and 56% for pneumococcal vaccines. As expected, vaccination for pneumococcal vaccine positively correlated with influenza vaccination. Rural patients had decreased vaccination in both compared to urban patients, even after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and SES. Although the population was mostly White and non-Hispanic, neither vaccination differed by race or ethnicity, but influenza vaccination did by SES. Among organ transplant groups, liver and lung recipients were least vaccinated for influenza, and heart recipients were least up-to-date on pneumococcal vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Rates of vaccination were below national goals. Rurality was associated with undervaccination. Further investigation is needed to understand and address barriers to vaccination among transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Felzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chung-Il Wi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison M LeMahieu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elena Beam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Young J Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert M Jacobson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cassie C Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,William J von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Understanding the Barriers and Attitudes toward Influenza Vaccine Uptake in the Adult General Population: A Rapid Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010180. [PMID: 36680024 PMCID: PMC9861815 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a common respiratory infection associated with a substantial clinical, humanistic, and economic burden globally. Vaccines are essential to prevent and control influenza and are recommended by public-health agencies, such as the WHO and US CDC; however, vaccination rates vary considerably across the globe. This review aimed to investigate the perceived barriers and attitudes to influenza vaccination in the global population, in order to identify strategies that may improve influenza vaccination coverage. A structured literature search was undertaken to identify studies that reported on patient-reported attitudes towards influenza vaccination, focused on the adult general population in 16 prespecified countries. Eighty studies were included in this review. Negative attitude towards healthcare were found to be the most agreed upon barrier to vaccine uptake (31.1% agreement). The most agreed promoter of influenza vaccination was trust in healthcare services (62.0% agreement). Approximately 50% of participants intended to receive the influenza vaccine in the following season. To improve influenza vaccination coverage, healthcare workers must strengthen the foundation of substantial trust in healthcare services and provide educational materials that improve influenza vaccination knowledge among the adult general population.
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11
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Mori K, Mori T, Nagata T, Ando H, Hino A, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Muramatsu K, Fujino Y. COVID-19 vaccination coverage by company size and the effects of workplace vaccination program in Japan: a cohort study. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:29. [PMID: 35786684 PMCID: PMC9283908 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is considered the most effective control measure against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy and equitable vaccine allocation are important challenges to disseminating developed vaccines. To promote COVID-19 vaccination coverage, the government of Japan established the workplace vaccination program. However, while it appears that the program was effective in overcoming vaccine hesitancy, the program may have hindered the equitable allocation of vaccines because it mainly focused on employees of large companies. We investigated the relationship between company size and COVID-19 vaccination completion status of employees and the impact of the workplace vaccination program on this relationship. Methods We conducted an internet-based prospective cohort study from December 2020 (baseline) to December 2021. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey. Briefly, 27,036 workers completed the questionnaire at baseline and 18,560 at follow-up. After excluding ineligible respondents, we finally analyzed the data from 15,829 participants. At baseline, the participants were asked about the size of the company they worked for, and at follow-up they were asked about the month in which they received their second COVID-19 vaccine dose and the availability of a company-arranged vaccination opportunity. Results In each month throughout the observation period, the odds of having received a second COVID-19 vaccine dose were significantly lower for small-company employees than for large-company employees in the sex- and age-adjusted model. This difference decreased after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, and there was no significant difference after adjusting for the availability of a company-arranged vaccination opportunity. Conclusions The workplace vaccination program implemented in Japan to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have been effective in overcoming vaccine hesitancy in workers; however, it may have caused an inequitable allocation of vaccines between companies of different sizes. Because people who worked for small companies were less likely to be vaccinated, it will be necessary to enhance support of vaccination for this population in the event of future infectious disease outbreaks. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hajime Ando
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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12
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Kini A, Morgan R, Kuo H, Shea P, Shapiro J, Leng SX, Pekosz A, Klein SL. Differences and disparities in seasonal influenza vaccine, acceptance, adverse reactions, and coverage by age, sex, gender, and race. Vaccine 2022; 40:1643-1654. [PMID: 33933316 PMCID: PMC8551304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a significant threat to public health worldwide. Despite the widespread availability of effective and generally safe vaccines, the acceptance and coverage of influenza vaccines are significantly lower than recommended. Sociodemographic variables are known to be potential predictors of differential influenza vaccine uptake and outcomes. OBJECTIVES This review aims to (1) identify how sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, gender, and race may influence seasonal influenza vaccine acceptance and coverage; and (2) evaluate the role of these sociodemographic characteristics in differential adverse reactions among vaccinated individuals. METHODS PubMed was used as the database to search for published literature in three thematic areas related to the seasonal influenza vaccine - vaccine acceptance, adverse reactions, and vaccine coverage. RESULTS A total of 3249 articles published between 2010 and 2020 were screened and reviewed, of which 39 studies were included in this literature review. By the three thematic areas, 17 studies assessed vaccine acceptance, 8 studies focused on adverse reactions, and 14 examined coverage of the seasonal influenza vaccine. There were also two studies that focused on more than one of the areas of interest. CONCLUSION Each of the four sociodemographic predictors - age, sex, race, and gender - were found to significantly influence vaccine acceptance, receipt and outcomes in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Kini
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rosemary Morgan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Helen Kuo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Shea
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janna Shapiro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sean X Leng
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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13
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Gender and AB0 Blood Type Differences in a Unicentric Group of University Professors in Southern Italy Who Received the Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vaccine Side Effects, Attitudes, and Hesitation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030373. [PMID: 35335005 PMCID: PMC8954248 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been a key protective behavior for COVID-19. This study investigated the clinical status of university professors administered the Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine, to monitor for any adverse reaction, and to understand attitude and hesitancy to vaccination. Data were collected through an online survey. The study received approval from the relevant ethics committee “Comitato Etico Campania Sud”. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to calculate significant predictors of the outcomes of interest. A gender and AB0 blood type difference in adverse vaccine reactions was found. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that female gender, city residence, blood type A+ and B−, and chronic underlying medical conditions or comorbidities were more strongly implicated in the occurrence of adverse reactions, whereas blood type 0 Rh+ or blood type A Rh− were protective factors of adverse reactions to the Vaxzevria vaccine. Both genders did not show serious adverse reactions to the Vaxzevria vaccine. Based on our results, we are able to support the hypothesis that AB0 blood type and gender difference appear as predictors of Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine reactogenicity. Furthermore, in the study population, the degree of concern and hesitation to undergo vaccination was minimal.
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14
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Chan NN, Ong KW, Siau CS, Lee KW, Peh SC, Yacob S, Chia YC, Seow VK, Ooi PB. The lived experiences of a COVID-19 immunization programme: vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:296. [PMID: 35164734 PMCID: PMC8842982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global health emergency and lock-down measures to curb the uncontrolled transmission chain. Vaccination is an effective measure against COVID-19 infections. In Malaysia amidst the national immunisation programme (NIP) which started in February 2021, there were rising concerns regarding the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and therefore, vaccine uptake among Malaysians. Although there are many quantitative studies on COVID-19 vaccination, the subjective experience of individuals was understudied. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of Malaysians regarding vaccine hesitancy and refusal, and facilitating factors that could enhance vaccine acceptance and uptake. Methods This qualitative study employed the hermeneutic phenomenological study design. Purposive sampling strategies were used to recruit Malaysians that had direct experiences with friends, family members and their community who were hesitating or refusing to accept the COVID-19 vaccines. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on the expert knowledge of the investigators and existing literature on the topic. A series of focus group interviews (FGIs) was conducted online facilitated by a multidisciplinary team of experts. The group interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed. Results Fifty-nine participants took part in seven FGIs. We found that “incongruence” was the overall thematic meaning that connected all the 3 main themes. These themes comprise firstly, the incongruence between the aims and implementation of the National Immunization Program which highlighted the gap between realities and needs on the ground. Secondly, the incongruence between Trust and Mistrust revealed a trust deficit in the government, COVID-19 news, and younger people’s preference to follow the examples of local vaccination “heroes”. Thirdly, the incongruence in communication showed the populace’s mixed views regarding official media and local social media. Conclusions This study provided rich details on the complex picture of the COVID-19 immunization program in Malaysia and its impact on vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The inter-related and incongruent factors explained the operational difficulty and complexity of the NIP and the design of an effective health communication campaign. Identified gaps such as logistical implementation and communication strategies should be noted by policymakers in implementing mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nee Nee Chan
- Department of English and Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.,Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wei Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research On Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Jeffrey Sachs Center On Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shakila Yacob
- Department of History, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The International Institute of Public Policy and Management (INPUMA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vei Ken Seow
- Emergency Medicine Department, Sunway Medical Centre, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pei Boon Ooi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Fonzi V, Thapa K, Luitel K, Padilla H, Harris C, Khan MM, Nowak G, Rajbhandari-Thapa J. Using Influenza Vaccination Location Data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to Expand COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157753. [PMID: 34360048 PMCID: PMC8345551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective COVID-19 vaccine distribution requires prioritizing locations that are accessible to high-risk target populations. However, little is known about the vaccination location preferences of individuals with underlying chronic conditions. Using data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we grouped 162,744 respondents into high-risk and low-risk groups for COVID-19 and analyzed the odds of previous influenza vaccination at doctor’s offices, health departments, community settings, stores, or hospitals. Individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19 were more likely to be vaccinated in doctor’s offices and stores and less likely to be vaccinated in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fonzi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (V.F.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Kiran Thapa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Kishor Luitel
- School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
| | - Heather Padilla
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavior, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Curt Harris
- Institute for Disaster Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - M. Mahmud Khan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (V.F.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Glen Nowak
- Grady College Center for Health and Risk Communication, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (V.F.); (M.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Trucchi C, D'Amelio M, Amicizia D, Orsi A, Loiacono I, Tosatto R, Piazza MF, Paganino C, Pitrelli A, Icardi G, Ansaldi F. Lowering the recommended age for the free and active offer of influenza vaccination in Italy: clinical and economic impact analysis in the Liguria region. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1387-1395. [PMID: 33121342 PMCID: PMC8078656 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1810494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective we estimated the epidemiological and budget impact of lowering the recommended age for influenza immunization with quadrivalent vaccine actively offered and administered free of charge to persons over 50 years old by public immunization services. Methods a multi-cohort, deterministic, static Markov model was populated by real-world data on the clinical and economic impact of Influenza-Like Illness and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection over 1 year. Four scenarios featuring different vaccine coverage rates were compared with the base case; coverage rates in subjects with and without risk factors were considered separately. Results compared with the base case, adopting scenarios 1–4 would reduce the annual number of influenza cases by 6.5%, 10.8%, 13.8% and 3.4%, Emergency Department accesses by 10.7%, 9.1%, 15.4% and 4.6%, complications by 8.9%, 9.9%, 14.7% and 4.1%, and the hospitalization of complicated cases by 11%, 9.1%, 15.4% and 4.5%, respectively. The four scenarios would require an additional investment (vaccine purchase and administration) of €316,996, €529,174, €677,539, and €168,633, respectively, in comparison with the base case. Scenario 1 proved to be cost-saving in the 60–64-year age-group. The incremental costs of implementing the other hypothetical scenarios ranged from 2.7% (scenario 4) to 13.2% (scenario 3). Conclusions lowering the recommended age for influenza vaccination to 60 years would allow a high proportion of subjects at risk for severe influenza to be reached and would save money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Trucchi
- Planning, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Amicizia
- Planning, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsi
- IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- Planning, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Paganino
- Planning, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Icardi
- IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Planning, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, A.Li.Sa. Liguria Health Authority, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Di Giuseppe G, Pelullo CP, Della Polla G, Pavia M, Angelillo IF. Exploring the Willingness to Accept SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in a University Population in Southern Italy, September to November 2020. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:275. [PMID: 33803730 PMCID: PMC8003195 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding whether members of the university population are willing to receive a future vaccination against COVID-19 and identifying barriers may help public health authorities to develop effective strategies and interventions to contain COVID-19. This cross-sectional study explored the willingness to accept a future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a university population in Southern Italy. The perceived risk level of developing COVID-19 was 6.5 and it was significantly higher among females, younger subjects, and those who agreed/strongly agreed that COVID-19 is a severe disease. Only 21.4% of respondents were not worried at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. Males, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, those who perceived a lower risk of developing COVID-19, and those who did not need information regarding the vaccination against COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have no concern at all regarding the safety of the vaccine. The vast majority (84.1%) were willing to receive a future vaccine against COVID-19. Almost coherently with predictors of concern on the safety of the vaccine, being male, not being married/cohabitant, being a faculty member, not being concerned at all that COVID-19 vaccination might not be safe, and agreeing that COVID-19 can have serious health consequences were significant predictors of the willingness to receive the vaccine against COVID-19. A considerable proportion of the population had a positive willingness to receive the future COVID-19 vaccine, although some concerns have been expressed regarding the effectiveness and safety and public health activities seem necessary to achieve the rate that can lead to the protection of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Di Giuseppe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Concetta Paola Pelullo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Giorgia Della Polla
- Health Direction, Teaching Hospital of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 104, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Pavia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Italo Francesco Angelillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.P.P.); (M.P.)
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18
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Zhang Y, Fisk RJ. Barriers to vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control: experience from the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5:51-55. [PMID: 33585053 PMCID: PMC7871809 DOI: 10.1016/j.glohj.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To date, the United States (U.S.) has been the most heavily impacted country by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By November 30, 2020, when this paper was written, 13.5 million cases were reported in the U.S. with over 268 000 deaths. Historically, vaccines have been one of the most effective and efficient technical tools for controlling a communicable disease. While the development of these vaccines has certainly been a challenge, it could be more challenging to achieve robust vaccine uptake because of many barriers. In this review, we focused on two types of barriers documented from long-term experience in the U.S.: structural and attitudinal. Structural barriers are systemic issues that impact one's ability to access a service, and they include time, transportation, cost, and clinic or outlet location; while attitudinal barriers are beliefs or perceptions that impact the willingness of at-risk individuals to seek out and/or accept a service. In the context of vaccination they include beliefs about the communicable disease, beliefs about vaccines, fear, and trust in healthcare and governmental agencies. Of the attitudinal barriers, public trust is a barrier that is of particular importance. In addition to affecting reception of vaccines, it may exacerbate disparities and reduce the likelihood of success of a vaccination program. Recommendations are made to overcome attitudinal barriers to help improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs for COVID-19 control in the U.S., such as building public support through bipartisan endorsements and leveraging social media platforms to promote vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Fisk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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19
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Flu Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020077. [PMID: 33498996 PMCID: PMC7912544 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to infections. Despite the positive effect of vaccinations, the implementation of this method of prophylaxis is low. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of flu vaccination among HD patients of two different dialysis centers. METHODS A total of 193 patients (mean age 63.6 years), who voluntarily agreed to participate in an anonymous survey related to influenza vaccination, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS A total of 45% of patients declared that they took regular, annual flu vaccination. In this group, 87.4% believed that vaccinations were effective. This opinion strongly correlated with the frequency of regular vaccinations (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that this opinion is an independent predictor of regular vaccinations with adjusted OR 9.86 (95% CI 4.36, 22.33). Groups of patients who had been irregularly or never vaccinated reject vaccinations for the following reasons: fear of adverse events-29.2%, conviction that vaccination was ineffective-26.4%, and lack of information about vaccination-22.6%. CONCLUSION Knowledge among HD patients about the benefits of vaccinations is poor. Therefore, educational activities are required. Active vaccination promotion and education of patients rejecting this method of prevention play a key role in improving standards of care for HD patients.
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Gallagher J, Lawrence HY. Rhetorical Appeals and Tactics in New York Times Comments About Vaccines: Qualitative Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e19504. [PMID: 33275110 PMCID: PMC7748960 DOI: 10.2196/19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving persuasion in response to vaccine skepticism is a long-standing problem. Elective nonvaccination emerging from skepticism about vaccine safety and efficacy jeopardizes herd immunity, exposing those who are most vulnerable to the risk of serious diseases. Objective This article analyzes vaccine sentiments in the New York Times as a way of improving understanding of why existing persuasive approaches may be ineffective and offers insight into how existing methods might be improved. We categorize pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine arguments, offering an in-depth analysis of pro-vaccine appeals and tactics in particular to enhance current understanding of arguments that support vaccines. Methods Qualitative thematic analyses were used to analyze themes in rhetorical appeals across 808 vaccine-specific comments. Pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine comments were categorized to provide a broad analysis of the overall context of vaccine comments across viewpoints, with in-depth rhetorical analysis of pro-vaccine comments to address current gaps in understanding of pro-vaccine arguments in particular. Results Appeals across 808 anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine comments were similar, though these appeals diverged in tactics and conclusions. Anti-vaccine arguments were more heterogeneous, deploying a wide range of arguments against vaccines. Additional analysis of pro-vaccine comments reveals that these comments use rhetorical strategies that could be counterproductive to producing persuasion. Pro-vaccine comments more frequently used tactics such as ad hominem arguments levied at those who refuse vaccines or used appeals to science to correct beliefs in vaccine skepticism, both of which can be ineffective when attempting to persuade a skeptical audience. Conclusions Further study of pro-vaccine argumentation appeals and tactics could illuminate how persuasiveness could be improved in online forums.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gallagher
- Department of English, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Heidi Y Lawrence
- Department of English, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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Neves CR, Codeço CT, Luz PM, Garcia LMT. Predictors of influenza vaccine uptake: translation into Portuguese and validation of a questionnaire. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36Suppl 2:e00211518. [PMID: 33111748 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00211518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulty in achieving ideal coverage rates with the influenza vaccine in Brazil and the growing wave of antivaccine movements in the world point to the need for a more in-depth understanding of the individual determinants of to this vaccine uptake. The Health Belief Model, a theoretical model that aims to explain and predict health-related behaviors, suggests that individual beliefs influence the adoption of health-related behaviors. The objective of this study was a cross-cultural adaptation of an instrument to assess predictors of influenza vaccine uptake in Brazilian adults. The authors conducted translation, back-translation, face validity, and a survey for construct validity. They also analyzed the factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake in 2017. An instrument originally with seven domains was identified and selected. In the factor analysis, four of the model's seven constructs were validated: Susceptibility, Barriers, Cues to action, and Self-efficacy. In the survey with 396 persons, 59.3% reported having received the influenza vaccine in the last campaign in 2017. Female sex, age > 50 years, pregnancy, vaccination in private healthcare services, hepatitis B vaccination, and influenza vaccination prior to 2017 were associated with vaccination in 2017. In the final logistic regression model, perceived Barriers appeared as a strong factor for non-vaccination, while Cues to action increased the odds of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rosas Neves
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Paula Mendes Luz
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Martinez ML, Coles S. Addressing Immunization Health Disparities. Prim Care 2020; 47:483-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rencken CA, Dunsiger S, Gjelsvik A, Amanullah S. Higher education associated with better national tetanus vaccination coverage: A population-based assessment. Prev Med 2020; 134:106063. [PMID: 32197975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination coverage among United States (U.S.) adults for tetanus continues to be lower than the national goals. Education has demonstrated a positive impact on vaccination coverage. However, recently there have been outbreaks of vaccine preventable conditions in areas with high college completion rates. This study assessed the relationship between education and tetanus vaccination. Data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a self-reported annual survey for non-institutionalized adults in the US from the Centers for Disease Control, was analyzed in 2019. The outcome was up-to-date tetanus vaccination if received within the last 10 years. Education was categorized into 1) grade 11 or less, 2) grade 12/GED, 3) college 1-3 years, and 4) college 4 or more years. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were conducted on the analytic sample (n = 417,473) using Stata 15, accounting for weighting and the complex survey design. In 2016, 59.9% of U.S. adults had up-to-date tetanus vaccination. Higher education level was associated with increased odds of up-to-date tetanus vaccination. The highest odds were for those with 4 or more years of college education [aOR = 1.31; 95% (CI: 1.26-1.35)]. Female sex, Black (non-Hispanic), unemployed, not being married, not having insurance or a personal health care provider, and above 45 years of age had lower odds of up-to-date tetanus vaccination. Targeted community specific vaccination education programs for those without tertiary education may help enhance the knowledge and thus the overall vaccination status in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camerin A Rencken
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States of America.
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Annie Gjelsvik
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Siraj Amanullah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, United States of America; Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States of America
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Abstract
Research on the drivers of vaccine acceptance has expanded but most interventions fall short of coverage targets. We explored whether vaccine uptake is driven directly or indirectly by disgust with attitudes towards vaccines acting as a possible mediator. An online cross-sectional study of 1007 adults of the USA via Amazon's Mechanical Turk was conducted in January 2017. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: (1) items assessing attitudes towards vaccines and vaccine uptake, (2) revised Disgust Scale (DS-R) to measure Disgust Sensitivity, (3) Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale (PVD) to measure Germ Aversion and Perceived Susceptibility, and (4) socio-demographic information. Using mediation analysis, we assess the direct, the indirect (through Vaccine Attitudes) and the total effect of Disgust Sensitivity, Germ Aversion and Perceived Susceptibility on 2016 self-reported flu vaccine uptake. Mediation analysis showed the effect of Disgust Sensitivity and Germ Aversion on vaccine uptake to be twofold: a direct positive effect on vaccine uptake and an indirect negative effect through Vaccine Attitudes. In contrast, Perceived Susceptibility was found to have only a direct positive effect on vaccine uptake. Nonetheless, these effects were attenuated and small compared to economic, logistic and psychological determinants of vaccine uptake.
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Bertoldo G, Pesce A, Pepe A, Pelullo CP, Di Giuseppe G. Seasonal influenza: Knowledge, attitude and vaccine uptake among adults with chronic conditions in Italy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215978. [PMID: 31042752 PMCID: PMC6493755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the knowledge and attitudes concerning influenza vaccination in Southern Italy, and investigating the potential determinants of vaccine uptake. The sample consisted of 700 adults (mean age 58.7y) with chronic diseases attending four public specialty clinics in Italy. Overall, 64.7% of the participants were aware that influenza can be prevented with vaccines and that patients with chronic diseases are at higher risk of developing severe complications. Less than half of the sample (42.1%) received influenza vaccine in the last season, and 46.9% declared the will to receive influenza vaccination in the next season. The level of awareness was significantly lower among the elderly (> = 65y) and those with a higher self-reported health. A significantly higher likelihood of vaccination was observed among the elderly, the subjects with a higher knowledge about vaccine utility and safety, the participants with chronic respiratory diseases, and those who had taken more drugs. Future education programs and communication strategies are strongly needed in adults with chronic diseases to improve influenza vaccination knowledge and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bertoldo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples (Italy)
| | - Annalisa Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples (Italy)
| | - Angela Pepe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples (Italy)
| | - Concetta Paola Pelullo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples (Italy)
| | - Gabriella Di Giuseppe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples (Italy)
- * E-mail:
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Zhang CQ, Chung PK, Liu JD, Chan DKC, Hagger MS, Hamilton K. Health Beliefs of Wearing Facemasks for Influenza A/H1N1 Prevention: A Qualitative Investigation of Hong Kong Older Adults. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:246-256. [PMID: 31007032 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519844082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although vaccination is the first-line strategy controlling and preventing influenza A/H1N1 for older adults, personal protective measures, such as wearing facemasks, are also important preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of becoming infected with influenza A/H1N1 during a pandemic. In the current study, we aimed to explore the belief-related psychological factors of wearing facemasks for influenza A/H1N1 prevention in a sample of Hong Kong older adults. Community-dwelling Chinese adults (N = 137) aged between 65 and 80 years (Mage = 75.10; SDage = 6.49) participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using theoretical thematic analysis and identified themes were matched deductively within the belief-based processes of the health belief model. Results revealed beliefs that underpinned 4 general dimensions of facemask wearing: (1) perceived susceptibility and seriousness of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic (e.g., influenza A/H1N1 as contagious and lethal), (2) modifying factors (e.g., social responsibility to prevent influenza), (3) cues to action (e.g., seeing others doing it), and (4) perceived benefits and barriers (e.g., protects oneself and others, difficult to breathe). Future interventions can target these beliefs to improve facemask wearing of older adults and, thus, curb preventable infection rates during an influenza A/H1N1 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin S Hagger
- 4 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,5 University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- 6 Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Sullivan MC. Leveraging library trust to combat misinformation on social media. LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lisr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bekkat-Berkani R, Romano-Mazzotti L. Understanding the unique characteristics of seasonal influenza illness to improve vaccine uptake in the US. Vaccine 2018; 36:7276-7285. [PMID: 30366802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza results in substantial morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden. The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends vaccination of everyone over 6 months of age, but coverage remains substantially below the Healthy People 2020 target of 70% in most age groups. Influenza is different from other vaccine-preventable diseases in several ways that influence vaccine uptake. Although the incidence of most vaccine-preventable diseases is low, there is a perception that these diseases result in significant illness or death. In contrast, seasonal influenza has a relatively high incidence, but there is an incorrect perception of a lower disease severity. The vaccine effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines is less than other routine vaccines, varies from season to season between northern and southern hemispheres, and can be low in some seasons. It is also not well recognized that vaccination can attenuate the severity of influenza illness. Finally, the need for annual vaccination is perceived as a burden to busy people. Understanding these differences from the perspective of caregivers and vaccinees might help to improve influenza vaccine uptake. Presenting vaccine effectiveness in terms of clinical outcomes that have the most impact might help to overcome the perceptions that influenza is a non-serious disease and that the vaccine is not effective. The benefits of disease attenuation need to be emphasized in terms of reduced mortality, hospitalization, absenteeism and disruption to daily life. Innovative communication strategies should be adopted, including stronger recommendations from and to healthcare providers, continuous patient education, and social media initiatives employing more emotional and narrative approaches than traditionally used. Finally, access to seasonal influenza vaccination needs to be improved, and barriers such as cost and inconvenience removed. Multiple initiatives have already been successful. The remaining challenge is to translate individual successes into public health policies with corresponding funding and implementation.
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Isenor JE, O'Reilly BA, Bowles SK. Evaluation of the impact of immunization policies, including the addition of pharmacists as immunizers, on influenza vaccination coverage in Nova Scotia, Canada: 2006 to 2016. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:787. [PMID: 29940903 PMCID: PMC6019522 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is a serious public health concern, resulting in morbidity, mortality and significant expense to healthcare systems worldwide. Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization in Canada recommends that everyone six months of age and older without contraindications should be vaccinated. The Canadian province of Nova Scotia implemented a publicly-funded universal influenza vaccination program in the 2010–2011 influenza season. In 2013, pharmacists in Nova Scotia gained the authority to provide a variety of vaccinations, including the publicly-funded influenza vaccine. This study aimed to investigate any changes in influenza vaccine coverage following the implementation of each policy change: 1) universal publicly-funded program and 2) universal publicly-funded program with the addition of pharmacists. Methods Influenza seasons evaluated were from 2006-2007 to 2015–2016. Coverage was estimated by examining Nova Scotia census data with aggregate immunization administration data, including the total number of vaccinations administered according to vaccine provider (physician, public health or pharmacist), geographic region, vaccine recipient age and year. Results The analysis showed an increase in influenza vaccine coverage immediately following the implementation of the two studied policy changes. Vaccine coverage increased from 36.4 to 38% following the implementation of the universally funded vaccine policy. Following the implementation of pharmacists as immunizers, coverage increased from 35.7 to 41.7%. Vaccine coverage was highest in those 65 years of age and older during all years evaluated. Physicians provided the highest proportion of vaccines during all study periods, however a decreasing trend through all periods was observed. Physicians proportionately provided more vaccines in urban areas; whereas pharmacist and public health immunization providers in rural areas provided proportionately more vaccinations than their urban counterparts. Conclusions The addition of a universally funded vaccination policy and the addition of pharmacists as providers of the influenza vaccine resulted in increases in vaccine coverage initially. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term impacts of the policy changes on vaccination coverage and to identify other important factors affecting vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Isenor
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Beth A O'Reilly
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Susan K Bowles
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
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30
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Dale LP, White L, Mitchell M, Faulkner G. Smartphone app uses loyalty point incentives and push notifications to encourage influenza vaccine uptake. Vaccine 2018; 37:4594-4600. [PMID: 29699784 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carrot Rewards is a free, incentive-based, smartphone health app available in participating provinces in Canada. One feature of Carrot was designed to incentivize influenza vaccine education messages and encourage vaccine uptake for users in the province of British Columbia. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of the Carrot Flu Campaign educational quiz and to determine if mobile "push" notifications, plus loyalty point incentives, resulted in users visiting a sponsored pharmacy to discuss and receive the influenza vaccine. METHODS The Carrot Flu Campaign delivered an in-app quiz, educating users on the importance of the influenza vaccine. Push notifications were then sent to users when they came within 200 m of a sponsored pharmacy. Those who visited the pharmacy collected bonus points and completed a follow up quiz tracking influenza vaccine behaviour. A sub-sample of users completed the Flu Campaign between their baseline and follow up Health Risk Assessment (HRA), a survey which asked about influenza vaccine uptake behaviour. Descriptive statistics were summarized. RESULTS A total of 38.1% (30,538/80,228) registered Carrot users completed the Flu Campaign quiz. Of those in participating cities (n = 21,469), 41% clicked on the map to show the nearest sponsored pharmacy and 78% enabled their smartphone's "locations" feature, allowing them to receive the push notifications. A small number of users spoke to a pharmacist (n = 96) and less than half reported receiving the influenza vaccine (38/96; 39.6%). From the HRA sub-sample (n = 3693), approximately 5% more users reported receiving the influenza vaccine during the 2017 influenza season compared to the previous year. CONCLUSIONS Carrot Rewards used a novel delivery method to educate the general population and showed geolocation could be used to facilitate influenza vaccine uptake. Future iterations could tailor content to target those most at risk and should consider more robust evaluation methods to determine the app's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Mitchell
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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