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Lima MMDO, Silveira AO, Aureliano APSC, Rocha HCC, Moura LMD, Santos SRD. Parents' or legal guardians' beliefs and attitudes about childhood vaccination: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm 2024; 77:e20240126. [PMID: 39258615 PMCID: PMC11382679 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to map scientific evidence about perceptions, beliefs, knowledge and attitudes of parents or legal guardians of children under 5 years of age regarding routine childhood vaccination. METHODS a scoping review, conducted in accordance with the JBI framework. The searches were carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS databases. A total of 5,535 studies were returned and 77 were selected, which met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS perceptions related to interaction with healthcare professionals and services, with family organization and structure, with social interaction and public policies, cultural, religious and personal beliefs, knowledge about vaccination schedule, vaccination and immunization process and sources of information are the main factors mapped and which can positively or negatively influence parents' or legal guardians' attitudes towards vaccinating children. CONCLUSIONS the findings allow us to identify factors related to parents' perception and beliefs about childhood vaccination.
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Thirunavukkarasu A, Falji A Alanazi M, Al-Hazmi AH, Farhan ALruwaili B, Alsaidan AA, M Alruwaili TA, M Algaed MA, Kaseb Alsharari A, Alenazi RH, Alshalan AM, Alshalan SM. Maternal Perception, Hesitancy, and Satisfaction Toward Childhood Immunization in Primary Health Centers, Hafr Al-Batin: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Eastern Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2357-2368. [PMID: 38024494 PMCID: PMC10640816 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s406933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumer perception of and satisfaction with vaccination services is a critical and commonly used indicator for evaluating the quality of services provided by concerned authorities. The present survey assessed maternal perceptions, hesitancy, satisfaction, and factors associated with childhood immunization services provided at the primary health centers (PHCs) of eastern Saudi Arabia. Methods The current analytical cross-sectional study included mothers of childhood vaccine beneficiaries attending PHCs in Hafr Al-Batin. We collected data related to mothers' perceptions, hesitancy, and satisfaction using a validated Arabic version of the data collection tool. Factors associated with low and high satisfaction with the immunization services were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. We performed Spearman correlation test to identify the correlation between the perception and satisfaction scores. Results Of the 675 participants, 87.4% were satisfied with the immunization services provided at the PHCs. The participants' satisfaction was significantly associated with the immunized child's age group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.39-2.89, p = 0.037) and occupation status (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.17-1.74, p = 0.024). Vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with the mother's age group (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI of AR = 1.35-3.39, P = 0.003) and number of children (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI of AR = 1.17-1.74, P = 0.024), Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.207, p < 0.001) between perception and satisfaction scores. Conclusion We recommend targeted health education programs for mothers to improve their perceptions and the importance of all recommended childhood vaccines. Additionally, we suggest continuing maternal satisfaction assessments to enhance and maintain the quality of vaccination services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Homoud Al-Hazmi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Farhan ALruwaili
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amal Muteb Alshalan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Yeskendir A, Gusmanov A, Zhussupov B. Parental attitudes, beliefs and behaviors toward childhood and COVID-19 vaccines: A countrywide survey conducted in Kazakhstan examining vaccine refusal and hesitancy. Vaccine 2023; 41:6548-6557. [PMID: 37648608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination rates worldwide have declined in recent years. This decrease is primarily driven by vaccine hesitancy, which remains understudied in Central Asia, including Kazakhstan. Furthermore, there is great concern about parental hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines, as previous studies have focused on adult vaccine hesitancy. The current study was conducted by UNICEF and funded by USAID to explore the drivers of routine and COVID-19 immunization behaviors among parents and caregivers in Kazakhstan. METHODS Using a cross-sectional methodology, researchers conducted 3081 face-to-face interviews with parents and caregivers of children aged 0-17 years across cities and villages in Kazakhstan. A tablet-based questionnaire (CAPI) was utilized, collecting participants' data on sociodemographic characteristics, childhood and COVID-19 vaccination behaviors, and potential drivers. RESULTS Total of 239 participants (7.8%) were found to previously refuse vaccination due to their own beliefs. Stronger belief that vaccines are efficacious (AdjOR = 0.47), stronger belief that childhood vaccines are safe and danger of vaccine-preventable diseases is high (AdjOR = 0.73), firmer trust in societal factors (AdjOR = 0.77) and positive attitudes of family members toward immunization (AdjOR = 0.6) were significantly associated with parental refusal of childhood vaccines. The large proportion of respondents (N = 2,634, 85.6%) missed the COVID-19 vaccination of their child or were unwilling to get vaccinated. Stronger belief that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and efficacious (AdjsOR = 0.18), lacking important information about COVID-19 vaccines (AdjOR = 1.25) and parents being unvaccinated against COVID-19 (AdjOR = 2.3) were significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION This study revealed numerous socio-demographic and behavioral factors significantly associated with parental refusal of childhood vaccines and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines. Many parents not refusing vaccination possessed negative attitudes towards vaccines. Potential changes in their attitudes and beliefs of parents were observed compared to findings from pre-COVID era. Continuous monitoring of parental hesitancy, proper interventions and education of healthcare workers are suggested to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alua Yeskendir
- UNICEF Kazakhstan National Consultant on COVID-19 Vaccine C4D/Demand Generation Activities, Kazakhstan.
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Alabadi M, Pitt V, Aldawood Z. A Qualitative Analysis of Social-Ecological Factors Shaping Childhood Immunisation Hesitancy and Delay in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1400. [PMID: 37766077 PMCID: PMC10536341 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Immunisation is a crucial and effective method for preventing infectious diseases, with its success dependent on high immunisation rates to protect under-immunised individuals and promote herd immunity. This qualitative descriptive study is part of a larger explanatory sequential mixed method design that aims to explore factors influencing parents' decision making to complete childhood immunisation in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, a country experiencing disparities in immunisation coverage across its population. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of a subset of participants from the initial quantitative phase, which included a survey on the immunisation attitudes of parents living in Qatif. This initial phase included n = 350 participants, who were over 18, had access to one of the 27 Primary Health Care (PHC) Centres in Qatif, and had a child under 24 months. This paper presents the qualitative-descriptive phase, which used a qualitative survey to gain open-ended responses from parents (n = 20) and analysed using thematic analysis. (3) Results: Participants identified certain vaccines, particularly MMR, as influencing their immunisation practices. Specific factors identified as deterring parents from immunising their children included fear of autism and other developmental delays, concerns about risks and side effects, mistrust in vaccine efficacy, and discouraging information from the media. Parents' immunisation decisions were evidently affected by policy compliance, family and friends, and social networking sites. These factors are explained through the socio-ecological model. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic influenced parents' decisions on vaccine completion in terms of perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and perceived trust. (4) Conclusions: By examining the social-ecological factors shaping parents' decisions to immunise their children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, this research contributes to the literature and informs the Saudi National Childhood Immunisation Programme about factors contributing to childhood immunisation hesitancy, helping to address a critical healthcare issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Alabadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Victoria Pitt
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Zakariya Aldawood
- Primary Health Care Division of Qatif City, General Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Health, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia;
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Alzahrani AA, Alghamdi AN. Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents and Its Determinants During the Era of COVID-19 in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e40404. [PMID: 37456420 PMCID: PMC10347883 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to investigate vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among parents in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among parents using a validated and reliable questionnaire, the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines (PACV). Parents of children aged (two months to seven years) attending primary health care centers (PHCC) outpatient clinics were selected using a stratified sampling technique and interviewed to fill out the pre-structured questionnaire. Result The study included 301 parents, with 41.2% between the ages of 30-39 years and 25.2%% between 40-49 years. Mothers constituted 69.1% of the respondents. The most common sources of information regarding vaccinations were the doctor (34.9%), the internet (27.9%), and social media (16.6%). COVID-19 influenced the beliefs of more than half (52.5%) of parents regarding the importance of vaccinations. The median PACV score for vaccination hesitancy was 23.3/100, interquartile range (IQR) (13.3-33.3). The highest hesitation was among the age group of 30-39 years old (21.6%) and those whose beliefs were not influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic (16.1% vs. 5.7%) (p-value=0.003). The study found a significant difference in vaccine hesitancy rates between the different sources of information (p-value <0.001); parents who got their information about vaccinations from social media were more likely to be hesitant about vaccinations (40%). Concerns about side effects (93.8%), thinking that vaccines are not safe (84.4%), and thinking that fewer vaccines are needed (78.1%) were the top three factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion This study urges promoting vaccine uptake through healthcare providers and combating vaccine misinformation on social media. Additionally, addressing safety concerns and misconceptions about vaccine necessity, and focusing on first-time parents, younger parents, and those with lower socioeconomic status are recommended strategies to improve vaccine uptake rates.
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Nassar O, Alshahwan S, Alshahwan R, Halasa S, Alashhab S, Alnajar M. Determinants of Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice toward Childhood Vaccination: A National Study. Open Nurs J 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/18744346-v17-230223-2022-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Childhood vaccination is one of the World Health Organization's strategies to reduce vaccine-preventable diseases and children's mortality and morbidity rates. Adequate and accurate knowledge, as well as positive attitudes regarding vaccination, may increase parents’ compliance with their children’s vaccines.
Objective:
This study aimed to identify the determinants of parents’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward childhood vaccination in Jordan.
Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The stratification method of sampling technique was used to split Jordan into three regions. The sample included 1477 participants. A total number of eleven Maternal and Child Health Care centers were selected as the study’s site.
Results:
Results showed that parents have sufficient knowledge regarding the importance of vaccines in maintaining a child’s health, with a mean percentage of correctly answered questions of 78.7%. However, they have inadequate knowledge regarding the adverse reactions (57.5%) and the contraindications of vaccines (61.8%). Parents had positive attitudes regarding the National Immunization Program where 97% agreed with it. However, 83% of parents had negative attitudes toward vaccine safety. Parents’ work, residency, income, and age are significant determinants of parents’ attitudes, knowledge, and practice regarding children's vaccines.
Conclusion:
The study may motivate nurses to implement more educational interventions regarding children’s vaccination to upgrade parents' knowledge with particular emphasis on parents with a low level of education and the residents of rural areas.
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Ustuner Top F, Çevik C, Bora Güneş N. The relation between digital literacy, cyberchondria, and parents' attitudes to childhood vaccines. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 70:12-19. [PMID: 36753874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the relationship between digital literacy, cyberchondria and parents' hesitancy about childhood vaccines. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was cross-sectional, and parents with children aged 3-5 years who had access to the questionnaire were sent online and volunteered to participate. RESULTS The total mean score of the Parents' Attitude to Childhood Vaccines Scale was 44.89 ± 14.99, 31.3% of the parents were hesitant about childhood vaccines. Parental hesitancy about childhood vaccinations was 3.26 times (95% CI, 1.56-6.81) for single participants and 2.77 times (95% CI, 1.33-5.74) for the participants with a high school diploma than primary school graduates, 4.69 times for the participants who did not have a healthcare professional in their family (95% CI, 2.08-10.59), 16.02 times (95% CI, 6.61-10.80) for the participants who did not have a full round of vaccines, 1.81 times higher (95% CI, 1.13-2.88) than the participants who did not have enough information about vaccines. Hesitancy increased as the cyberchondria severity score increased (95% CI, 1.02-1.09), and digital literacy decreased (95% CI, 0.34-0.87). CONCLUSIONS One-third of the parents had hesitations about childhood vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy is affected negatively by digital literacy and positively by cyberchondria. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Meeting parents' accurate and reliable vaccine information will positively affect their attitudes and behaviours. Therefore, the level of cyberchondria among parents should be reduced, and their digital literacy should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Ustuner Top
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Health and Disease Nursing, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Celalettin Çevik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey.
| | - Nebahat Bora Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jwa S, Yuyama Y, Yoshida H, Hamazaki T. A favorable impression of vaccination leads to a better vaccination rate for the human papillomavirus vaccine: A Japanese questionnaire survey investigation. Vaccine X 2022; 13:100254. [PMID: 36686401 PMCID: PMC9850027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Japanese vaccination rate for infants and children is seemingly excellent, except for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Regardless of its efficacy, the inoculation rate in Japan has dropped to approximately 1 % since 2013 because of negative information about vaccine side effects. We aimed to demonstrate the factors that lead to low vaccine acceptance rates (e.g., caregiver attitudes, popular misconceptions) to inform the relevant target demographic of a stronger intention to immunize and to facilitate recovery of HPV vaccine coverage. Methods We conducted this study using data from two questionnaire surveys. Statistical analyses of factors affecting vaccine impressions and mediation effects of HPV vaccine impressions were performed. The difference in the knowledge about each vaccine was evaluated. Results Of the respondents, 95.9 % reported their intent to vaccinate their infants, whereas 58.2-78.3 % felt that they sufficiently understood the aims, efficacy, and risks of vaccination and 66.6 % had a positive impression of vaccines. Overall, 21.3 % of parents responded that they planned to have their child vaccinated against HPV, and 25.8 % had a favorable impression of this vaccine. Among factors affecting vaccine impressions, we found that parents had anxiety about vaccines when they felt that their knowledge of vaccines was insufficient. Additionally, impressions of the HPV vaccine had a mediating effect on the association between the impressions of infant vaccines and parents' intent to provide the vaccine to their children. Conclusion These findings show that as a society, we need to improve impressions and knowledge regarding vaccines, including but not exclusively the HPV vaccine. Moreover, although the recovery of HPV vaccine coverage is strongly desired for improving public health, simply improving impressions about the HPV vaccine or educating parents with substantive knowledge is insufficient. Instead, improving impressions and understanding of the vaccination itself is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinchul Jwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan,Corresponding author.
| | - Yoshihiko Yuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Alabadi M, Alashoor T, Aldawood O, Qanbar Z, Aldawood Z. Exploring Critical Factors Associated with Completion of Childhood Immunisation in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122147. [PMID: 36560557 PMCID: PMC9784112 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: surveillance data from the Saudi Ministry of Health shows that the Kingdom’s large-scale immunisation programme has significantly reduced the mortality and morbidity of the target diseases among children. In this study, we review relevant literature and test a number of hypotheses related to the association between demographic, socio-economic, clinic-related, and parents-related variables and completion of childhood immunisation. In doing so, this study identifies critical factors associated with completion of childhood immunisation and presents important implications to healthcare practitioners, particularly in Saudi Arabia; (2) Literature review: a systematic literature review was conducted to understand what is currently published concerning parents’ immunisation compliance in Saudi Arabia and the factors associated with immunisation compliance. (3) Methods: from March to May 2022, an online survey was administered to parents attending one of the 27 primary health care (PHC) centres in Qatif. Data from parents (n = 353) were analysed using exploratory factor analysis, correlation, and a series of OLS and logistic regression models; (4) Results: parental (child) age was negatively (positively) associated with the completion status of childhood immunisation (both p < 0.05). Parents with positive attitudes, social norms, perceptions towards immunisation, and those working in private companies were more likely to immunise their children (all p < 0.05). Conversely, living in an apartment building, walking to PHCs, waiting longer at PHCs, and having higher knowledge of immunisation were negatively associated with the completion of childhood immunisation (all p < 0.05); (5) Conclusions: several factors that positively or negatively influence the completion of childhood immunisation have been identified. Future studies may investigate the causal link between these factors and parental decision-making regarding childhood immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Alabadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tawfiq Alashoor
- Department of Digitalization, Copenhagen Business School, Howitzvej 60, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Omran Aldawood
- Primary Health Care Division, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Qanbar
- Primary Health Care Division of Qatif City, General Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Health, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakariya Aldawood
- Primary Health Care Division of Qatif City, General Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Health, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-451287443
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Neville SE, Zidan T, Williams A, Rotabi-Casares KS. Child maltreatment and protection in the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A scoping review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105924. [PMID: 36244212 PMCID: PMC10511143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on child maltreatment and protection in the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council countries-Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-is limited but growing, as is child protection as a sector. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify themes and gaps in existing research on child maltreatment and protection, identify opportunities for building capacity in research and practice. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING N/A. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English and Arabic and reported methods and findings according to the PRISMA-ScR reporting protocol. Articles were coded by country, topic of research, and type of abuse studied, if any. RESULTS Our database search returned 6109 articles and 160 articles were included in our review. Themes included (1) prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of maltreatment, (2) outcomes associated with maltreatment, (3) attitudes, awareness, and reporting, (4) accidental injury and death potentially associated with neglect, (5) policy and practice. Eighty-seven articles studied Saudi Arabia, while 28 studied the UAE, 21 Kuwait, 13 Qatar, 12 Oman, and 11 Bahrain. Physical abuse was studied in 77 articles, followed by sexual abuse in 54 articles and emotional abuse in 54. CONCLUSION Although the medical community produces an encouraging volume of child maltreatment research, gaps remain. Intervention research is lacking, and further inquiry into family dynamics, culture, and spirituality could inform the development of effective interventions. Cross-sectoral collaboration among education, social work, law enforcement, and healthcare is also needed to safeguard children's rights in the GCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Zidan
- Indiana University School of Social Work, 1800 Mishawaka Ave., South Bend, IN, USA.
| | - Adam Williams
- Boston College Social Work Library, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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Al-khlaiwi T, Meo SA, Almousa HA, Almebki AA, Albawardy MK, Alshurafa HH, Althunayan MA, Alsayyari MS. National COVID-19 Vaccine Program and Parent's Perception to Vaccinate Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:168. [PMID: 35214627 PMCID: PMC8875151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinating children against COVID-19 is an essential public health strategy in order to reach herd immunity and prevent illness among children and adults. Parents are facing tremendous stress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination program for children. In this study, we aimed to investigate parents' perceptions and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine for their children in Saudi Arabia. A well-designed, pre-validated, Google questionnaire was distributed to parents through social media websites. The selection of the participants was based on the simple random sample technique. The study sample size was 1304 participants, with 342 males (26.2%), and 962 females (73.8%). The personal information, perception about COVID-19, and their children's vaccination status were obtained. Among the participants, 602 (46.1%) were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccination for their children, whereas 382 (29.3%) were hesitant to inoculate their children for COVID-19 and 320 (24.4%) were unsure. Age (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.001), occupation (0.004), income (p = 0.030), and vaccination status (p = 0.001) had an influence on the parents' acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination of their children. On the other hand, education level, number of children, and having been previously infected with COVID-19 had no statistically significant effect on the parent acceptance. The correlation of parents' knowledge about COVID-19 and their agreement to the vaccination of their children was statistically significant, along with gender (males were more knowledgeable, with p < 0.001), occupation, income (higher income showed a statistical difference, with p < 0.001), and vaccination status (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in parents' acceptance toward the COVID-19 children vaccine in Saudi Arabia, which requires more attention and focus from health providers to eliminate fear and anxiety among the parents through additional educational programs and events to decrease the resistance toward the vaccination of children. More emphasis is required to increase the awareness of parents and convey the importance of the vaccine for children. In addition, more studies are needed to ensure the vaccine's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir Al-khlaiwi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamad Abdulaziz Almousa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman Ahmed Almebki
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mansour Khalid Albawardy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Hassan Haider Alshurafa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Meshal Abdulaziz Althunayan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Sulaiman Alsayyari
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.K.A.); (H.H.A.); (M.A.A.); (M.S.A.)
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Saeed R, Hashmi I. Pakistan Ranks Third Globally With the Most Unvaccinated Children: Is the Impact of Parental Perception and Attitude on Immunization an Essential Contributing Factor to an Unsuccessful Vaccination Coverage? Cureus 2021; 13:e19751. [PMID: 34938628 PMCID: PMC8684801 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Having the third-highest burden of child mortality and ranking third globally for the most under-vaccinated children, Pakistan contains 15% of its population under the age of five, which accounts for 50% of the mortality rate in this country. Every year, almost three million children miss out on an entire course of the most readily available vaccines, leaving them vulnerable to life-threatening diseases. The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1978 to protect children from vaccine-preventable childhood diseases. It is the main program through which routine immunization is provided to the public. However, since its inception within Pakistan, it has encountered many problems, including a lack of parental awareness and education. Low literacy rate, socio-economic disparities, cultural and religious beliefs have made parents doubtful about vaccinations. This term is known as vaccine hesitancy. Belief in conspiracy theories has also led to reduced vaccination coverage in Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 parents with children under five, chosen from Karachi, Pakistan, through a convenience sampling technique. The data was collected via 300 self-administered or researcher administered questionnaires. Associations were evaluated using the chi-square test with the level of significance taken as p < 0.05 and Cramer's V to determine the strength of these associations. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results Strong associations were found between parental knowledge of immunization, vaccines, and willingness to get their children immunized. Associations were greater and significant in parents with a higher level of education compared to lower. However, lack of knowledge about certain essential vaccines like Pentavalent, Pneumococcal, and IPV was an important aspect to consider. Also, it was noted that their inability to access these free vaccines was due to their own firm beliefs. It was also about the lack of awareness and facilities for a better and beneficial program. 22.3% of parents said that administering multiple vaccines at a time would be harmful to their child, and 21.7% believed it would cause the disease it's supposed to prevent. However, the majority of the parents said they would strongly recommend others to get vaccinated. In this study, religions included and investigated mostly encouraged vaccination to their relatives (p value= 0.079). Occupation and Monthly income had little to no effect on the immunization regime of young children. Conclusion An impact of higher levels of education on the perceptions and attitudes of parents regarding the immunization of children was noted. Consequently, as religion, gender, occupation, and monthly income do not affect parents' perceptions regarding immunizations, the problem lies within their knowledge and understanding of basic medical science and easily communicable diseases. Oblivious to the consequences of contracting a lethal disease, it has developed a laid-back attitude amongst parents. Hence, awareness and education of parents regarding vaccine-preventable diseases by the healthcare system and the governing bodies can lead to a higher successful immunization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Saeed
- Community Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK
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Altulahi N, AlNujaim S, Alabdulqader A, Alkharashi A, AlMalki A, AlSiari F, Bashawri Y, Alsubaie S, AlShahrani D, AlGoraini Y. Willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia: a multiregional cross-sectional study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:247. [PMID: 34911441 PMCID: PMC8674018 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and the vaccine remains the ultimate cornerstone to overcoming its long-term impact. Vaccine hesitancy might obstruct the effort to achieve herd immunity and eradicate the virus. We assessed Saudi Arabian individuals’ willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and their adherence to preventive measures during and after the pandemic. Methods A self-administered electronic validated questionnaire was distributed among the five major regions in Saudi Arabia between November and December 2020. The questionnaire addressed the sociodemographic data, beliefs, potential barriers, parents’ acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination for their children, and adherence to protective measures during and after the pandemic. Results Of 8,056 participants, 4,218 (52.4%) of a non-representative sample were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Being a young adult, male, having less than a high school degree, being a smoker, having a chronic disease, and having a history of seasonal influenza vaccine uptake were positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Hesitant participants reported concerns about vaccine side effects and safety as the main barriers to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Some refusers (26.1%) declared that they would reconsider vaccination only if the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine were reported by more studies. Conclusions Our study revealed a promising willingness to accept the vaccine among the population, with positive beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. However, a considerable proportion of the population was reluctant to accept the vaccine. Thus, publicly providing information about vaccine safety and implementing health education programs is crucial for increasing the public’s confidence in the vaccine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-021-01606-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Altulahi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouq AlNujaim
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam Alabdulqader
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkharashi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assaf AlMalki
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal AlSiari
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Bashawri
- Biostatistics Specialist, Biostatistics Department, King Fahad Medical City, Research Services Administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alsubaie
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dayel AlShahrani
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara AlGoraini
- Pediatric Emergency Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Giannakou K, Kyprianidou M, Hadjikou A, Fakonti G, Photiou G, Tzira E, Heraclides A. Knowledge of mothers regarding children's vaccinations in Greece: an online cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2119. [PMID: 34794423 PMCID: PMC8600348 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main reasons that influence parental choice to postpone or avoid children's vaccination is insufficient knowledge. Mothers' knowledge can be considered as an important factor when determining childcare, as they are often the primary decision maker for their children's healthcare issues. This study aimed to assess the level of mothers' knowledge and practice on certain aspects of vaccination for their child/children in Greece. METHODS This was an online cross-sectional survey, which collected information about mother's socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination-related information, and vaccine knowledge using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020 and the study population included mothers over 18 years old with at least one child (< 18 years old), living in four broad geographical areas of Greece (Attica, Central Greece, North Greece, and Crete/Aegean Islands). RESULTS A total of 1885 Greek mothers participated in the study. The majority stated that they vaccined their child/children (98%), and the most popular source of information about vaccination was their child's pediatrician (89%). About half of participants (52%) have delayed their child/children vaccination with their pediatrician's suggestion being the main driver. The median knowledge score was 11 which indicates a high knowledge level for childhood vaccination among Greek mothers. Multiple linear regression analysis identified an inverse association between education and knowledge score, characterized by higher knowledge scores among individuals with secondary and even higher among those with higher education. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the strict adherence to the prescribed dosage as indicated by the local recommendations for each vaccine, was associated with most of the knowledge items included in the study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the vast majority of mothers in Greece did vaccinate their child/children, while pediatricians appear to have a very influential role in mothers' decision making. High knowledge around vaccination was associated with mothers' educational attainment, being particularly high among those who completed higher education. Considerable attention is required from public health authorities to promote vaccination through educational programs and campaigns, particularly aimed at people with lower educational attainment. Additionally, improving communication between pediatricians and mothers to reach those women who have not decided to vaccinate or delayed vaccination for their children, may prove to be very beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Andria Hadjikou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Georgia Fakonti
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Galatia Photiou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleana Tzira
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexandros Heraclides
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 2404, P.O. Box: 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Temsah MH, Alhuzaimi AN, Aljamaan F, Bahkali F, Al-Eyadhy A, Alrabiaah A, Alhaboob A, Bashiri FA, Alshaer A, Temsah O, Bassrawi R, Alshahrani F, Chaiah Y, Alaraj A, Assiri RA, Jamal A, Batais MA, Saddik B, Halwani R, Alzamil F, Memish ZA, Barry M, Al-Subaie S, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alhasan K. Parental Attitudes and Hesitancy About COVID-19 vs. Routine Childhood Vaccinations: A National Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752323. [PMID: 34722451 PMCID: PMC8548678 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To quantify parental acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and assess the vaccine hesitancy (VH) for COVID-19 vs. childhood vaccines. Methods: Eight vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) items, adopted from WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Immunization (SAGE), were used to assess VH for COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines. We distributed the online survey to parents with the commence of the national childhood COVID-19 vaccination program in Saudi Arabia. Results: Among 3,167 parents, 47.6% are decided to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The most common reasons for refusal were inadequate safety information (69%) and worry about side effects (60.6%). Parents have a significantly greater positive attitudes toward children's routine vaccines vs. the COVID-19 vaccine, with higher mean VHS (±SD) = 2.98 ± 0.58 vs. 2.63 ± 0.73, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Parents agreed more that routine childhood vaccines are more essential and effective as compared to the COVID-19 vaccine (Cohen's D: 0.946, and 0.826, consecutively; T-test p-value < 0.00). There is more parental anxiety about serious side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines (Cohen's D = 0.706, p-value < 0.001). Parents who relied on the Ministry of Health information were more predicted (OR = 1.28, p-value = 0.035) to intend to vaccinate as opposed to those who used the WHO website (OR = 0.47, −53%, p-value < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with intention to vaccinate children were parents who received COVID-19 vaccine, older parents, having children aged 12–18, and parents with lower education levels. Conclusions: Significant proportion of parents are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine because they are less confident in its effectiveness, safety, and whether it is essential for their children. Relying on the national official healthcare authority's website for the source of information was associated with increased acceptance of childhood COVID-19 vaccination. As parental intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 is suboptimal, healthcare authorities could boost vaccine uptake by campaigns targeting hesitant parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alhuzaimi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Bahkali
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alrabiaah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alshaer
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Temsah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rolan Bassrawi
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alshahrani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazan Chaiah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alzamil
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Subaie
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al Daajani MM, Al-Habib DM, Ibrahim MH, Al Shewear NA, Fagihi YM, Alzaher AA, Alfaleh AF, Alabdulkareem KI. Prevalence of Health Problems Targeted by the National School-Based Screening Program among Primary School Students in Saudi Arabia, 2019. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1310. [PMID: 34682990 PMCID: PMC8544408 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) established a National School-Based Screening Program (NSBSP) for health screening of schoolchildren. Students from specific grades were systematically screened for several health problems, including obesity, visual and auditory problems, dental cavities, scoliosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of these health problems among primary school students based on secondary data obtained from the NSBSP. We included 444,259 screened school children from the first and fourth grades of 50% of the selected schools (both private and public) across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the academic year 2018-2019. Among them, the most prevalent health problems identified were dental cavities (38.7%), eye refractory errors (10.9%), and overweight and obesity (10.5%); the less prevalent problems included ADHD (2.81%), auditory problems (0.6%), and scoliosis (0.48%). A greater prevalence of most health problems was observed in girls more than boys. The NSBSP successfully aided the detection of health conditions with high and low prevalence among primary school students in the KSA, and thus, the identification of health problems of specific concern. Implementation of effective school health services for the prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of these health problems are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Mohammed Al-Habib
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Mona Hamed Ibrahim
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nora Abdulrhman Al Shewear
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Yahya Mohammad Fagihi
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Abrar Abdulazeem Alzaher
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Amjad Fawzi Alfaleh
- General Administration of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.A.-H.); (M.H.I.); (N.A.A.S.); (Y.M.F.); (A.A.A.); (A.F.A.)
- General Directorate of Medical Consultation, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Ibrahim Alabdulkareem
- Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
- Primary Health Care, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, MOH, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Kyprianidou M, Tzira E, Galanis P, Giannakou K. Knowledge of mothers regarding children's vaccinations in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257590. [PMID: 34543326 PMCID: PMC8452034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine hesitancy is identified as one of the top threats to global health. A significant drop of childhood vaccine coverage is reported worldwide. One of the key reasons that influenced mothers' choice to postpone, or avoid children's vaccination, is knowledge. This study aimed to assess the level of Cypriot mothers' knowledge on certain aspects of vaccination of their children, examine the association between vaccination knowledge and selected socio-demographic factors, and lastly assess the association of mothers' knowledge about vaccination with vaccination coverage and delay, compliance to the recommended schedules, vaccination during pregnancy and mother-pediatrician relationship. METHODS An online-based cross-sectional study conducted to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, child's characteristics, vaccination, and vaccine knowledge, using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020 and the study population included mothers over 18 years old with at least one child (<18 years old) living in Cyprus. RESULTS A total of 703 Cypriot mothers participated in the study. Most of the participants stated that they vaccined their children (97%) and the most popular source of information about vaccination was their pediatrician (90%). More than half of the participants (57%) have delayed their child/children vaccination with their pediatrician's suggestion being the main reason. 36% of mothers had low knowledge while the overall correct rate was 13.6% and the median (IQR) knowledge score was 11 (9-12). Having a medium knowledge about vaccination was associated with having a medium or high income, whilst high knowledge compared to low knowledge was associated with completed a higher education and having a high income. Our analysis showed that the correct knowledge by mothers with regards to vaccination increases the probability of vaccinating their children, following the local recommendations for vaccine dosages, and acquiring and trusting vaccination-related information from their children's pediatrician. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the majority of mothers in Cyprus had positives perceptions regarding childhood vaccination, as reflected with the high vaccination rate, however, some aspects of mothers' knowledge of vaccination need to be improved. Public health strategies to promote vaccination, education programs as well as improved communication tools between pediatricians and mothers need to be considered to achieve favorable vaccination attitudes and practices for all mothers in Cyprus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleana Tzira
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Petros Galanis
- Faculty of Nursing, Centre for Health Services Management and Evaluation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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18
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Alshammari SZ, AlFayyad I, Altannir Y, Al-Tannir M. Parental Awareness and Attitude about Childhood Immunization in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168455. [PMID: 34444205 PMCID: PMC8393381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parental beliefs about vaccination are one of the main factors in reaching high vaccination rates. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the awareness and attitudes regarding routine childhood immunization among Saudi parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This survey, with a pretested 18-item questionnaire, was conducted on parents having at least one child from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 May 2019 and 1 November 2019. The validated questionnaire consisted of three sections; participants’ demographics, awareness, and attitude regarding the immunization of their children. In total, 1200 parents participated in the study, 883 (73.3%) of the parents scored a good knowledge of childhood immunization, and 93% knew that routine vaccination protects children from infectious diseases and their complications. Around 10% stated that immunization can cause autism. Only parents in age groups 30–39 and 40–49 were 1.76 (p < 0.05) times and 1.92 (p < 0.05) times, respectively, more likely to exhibit good knowledge. About 522 (43.6) of the parents attained a positive attitude toward immunization. Adherence to the immunization schedule was confirmed important by 93%, while 91% presumed that immunization keeps their children healthy. Additionally, immunization was perceived as important by 94% of parents and only 8% agreed that immunization is prohibited by religion. Females were 1.45 (p < 0.05) times more likely to exhibit positive attitudes than males. Parents have good knowledge and a positive attitude towards child immunization. However, parental education should be focused on the fact that religion supports immunization, and more awareness should be focused on the lack of correlation between autism and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaa Z. Alshammari
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Isamme AlFayyad
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Youssef Altannir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad Al-Tannir
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia; (S.Z.A.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Elkalmi RM, Jamshed SQ, Suhaimi AM. Discrepancies and Similarities in Attitudes, Beliefs, and Familiarity with Vaccination Between Religious Studies and Science Students in Malaysia: A Comparison Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:2411-2427. [PMID: 33661436 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of religion on vaccine receptivity in Malaysia. Improved vaccine uptake is positively reflected in the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to explore and compare the attitudes, religious beliefs, and familiarity regarding vaccination between the religious studies and science students. A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between a convenient sample of students (N = 300) of religious studies and applied sciences in Kuantan, Malaysia. A new, face- and content-validated questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 206 students responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 86.6%. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards vaccination (n = 185, 89.9%). Only a minority of respondents expressed an opposition to vaccination (n = 21, 10.2%). Religious factors (permissibility) of vaccines (n = 12, 57.1%) and harm associated with the vaccine (n = 13, 61.9%) were the most common reasons for not supporting vaccination among the non-supporters. Most (n = 135, 65.5%) respondents agreed that vaccination is parallel with the Islamic concept of protecting life and preventing harm. Almost half of the respondents (n = 98, 47.6%) admit to declaring "Fatwa" to oblige parents to vaccinate their children. Religious beliefs and safety issues surrounding immunisation were reported as the major barriers for the support of immunisation. Well-designed programs are recommended to reshape the religious beliefs and convictions among students toward vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Mohamed Elkalmi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebha, Sebha, Libya.
| | - Shazia Qassim Jamshed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tkaczyszyn K, Kuchar E, Augustynowicz E, Szenborn L. The Impact of a Single Educational Lecture on the Vaccine Confidence among Pregnant Women and Young Mothers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030290. [PMID: 33804621 PMCID: PMC8003617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of a single unstructured educational lecture about vaccinations on the vaccine confidence in volunteer participants. Methods: We conducted a survey-based study during a series of open meetings related to pregnancy and parenting. Before and after the pediatrician’s lecture related to vaccinations, listeners completed the visual analogue scales (VAS, 0–15 cm), evaluating (1) self-declared knowledge on vaccinations and (2) how they perceive the safety and efficacy of this preventive method. Results: In total, 484 women aged 30 ± 4 years participated in the lecture (pregnant = 68%; ≥1 children = 56%). Participants declared to have more comprehensive knowledge on preventive vaccinations and perceived vaccines to be safer and more useful (the role for the immunity) after vs. before the lecture (median VAS: 10.4 vs. 7.2, 10.8 vs. 8.7, and 11.0 vs. 10.4 cm, all p < 0.001). Importantly, the prevalence of vaccine-related adverse events was also assessed as being higher after the lecture (median VAS: 9.9 vs. 8.0 cm, p < 0.001). The increase in self-declared knowledge on vaccinations and perceived need for vaccinations (delta VAS—VAS after minus before the lecture, expressed as % of baseline) was lower among participants who rated the lecture less vs. more useful. Importantly, both participants who liked vs. did not like the lecture comparably rated vaccines safer after vs. before the lecture (delta VAS (median, interquartile range): 16% (0–39%) vs. 18% (2–42%), p = 0.39). Conclusions: An educational lecture on vaccinations positively impacts vaccine confidence in young adult women. Irrespective of the subjective rating of the lecture, all listeners perceived vaccinations to be safer after vs. before the speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tkaczyszyn
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.T.); (L.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-317-92-31
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health—National Institute of Hygiene, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Leszek Szenborn
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.T.); (L.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Al-Regaiey KA, Alshamry WS, Alqarni RA, Albarrak MK, Alghoraiby RM, Alkadi DY, Alhakeem LR, Bashir S, Iqbal M. Influence of social media on parents' attitudes towards vaccine administration. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1872340. [PMID: 33596388 PMCID: PMC8920244 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1872340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has had tremendous impact on human health. The tendency to hesitate or delay vaccination has been increasing, which has contributed to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of childhood vaccine hesitancy and social media misconceptions in vaccine refusal among randomly selected parents from October 2019 through March 2020 in the outpatient clinics of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire: the socio-demographic and economic questions, the Parents' Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey, and questions concerning social media use. Based on the PACV survey tool, 37 parents (11%) scored a value > 50 and were suggested as hesitant (8% hesitant and 3% very hesitant). Overall, 288 parents (89%) scored < 50, hence deemed to not be hesitant about childhood vaccination. There was no significant association between high educational level or social media exposure with vaccine hesitancy. The most commonly used social media platform was Twitter (40%). In conclusion, we report a low prevalence of vaccine hesitancy about childhood vaccination among parents, with no significant impact of education level or social media on vaccine hesitancy. Further studies are required to replicate these findings in other regions and cities to generalize these observations for Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wjdan S Alshamry
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A Alqarni
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd K Albarrak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rinad M Alghoraiby
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah Y Alkadi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leen R Alhakeem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Harapan H, Shields N, Kachoria AG, Shotwell A, Wagner AL. Religion and Measles Vaccination in Indonesia, 1991-2017. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:S44-S52. [PMID: 33189503 PMCID: PMC7894975 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some Muslim religious councils in Indonesia have ruled that measles vaccines contain haram (i.e., forbidden materials). This study evaluates the changes in measles vaccination coverage between 1991 and 2017 and compares vaccination coverage between Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia. METHODS A total of 7 cross-sectional in-person surveys of mothers in 1991-2017 in Indonesia were analyzed in 2019. Participants were asked about religion in 1991-2007, and 100 data sets of religion were imputed for 2012 and 2017. In this multiple imputation analysis, binomial regression models output prevalence differences adjusted for wealth, education, child's sex, and mother's age. A quadratic term for year (year X year) and an interaction term between year and religion evaluated changes in vaccination over time by religion. RESULTS The 7 data sets included 23,106 children aged 12-23 months, with the proportion of those who were Muslims ranging between 85% and 89% across the survey years. Between 1991 and 2017, measles vaccination coverage increased from 57% to 79% among non-Muslims and from 59% to 79% among Muslims. In the multivariable regression model, measles vaccination coverage increased by 1.6% each year (with a quadratic term of -0.05%, indicating some leveling over time). At baseline in 1991, non-Muslims had a vaccination coverage of 6.2% higher than that of Muslims, but this disparity decreased by -0.2% each year. CONCLUSIONS Measles vaccination increased in both Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia but has stagnated in recent years. Because of increased attention among Muslim groups on haram materials in vaccines since 2017, future studies should continue to examine the relationship between religion and vaccine uptake in Indonesia. SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Noelle Shields
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aparna G Kachoria
- Research and Evaluation Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail Shotwell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Alabadi M, Aldawood Z. Parents' Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions on Childhood Vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040750. [PMID: 33322003 PMCID: PMC7768444 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The responsibility of vaccinating children lies with their parents. Therefore, parents’ attitudes, knowledge and perceptions towards vaccination are of great importance as it drives their actions for timely and complete immunisation. This systematic literature review was conducted to gain a better understanding of parents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding childhood vaccination in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to identify evidence demonstrating parents’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions on childhood vaccination in Saudi Arabia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were used for this review. (3) Results: Nine studies were subsequently included in this systematic review. (4) Conclusions: All the individual reports in the literature do not cover the entire nation of Saudi Arabia, indicating the necessity of more comprehensive investigations so that the government and policymakers can develop versatile fact-based policies for the well-being of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Alabadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-451-287-443
| | - Zakariya Aldawood
- Primary Health Care Division of Qatif City, General Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Region, Ministry of Health, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia;
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CELLA PAOLA, VOGLINO GIANLUCA, BARBERIS ILARIA, ALAGNA ENRICO, ALESSANDRONI CLAUDIA, CUDA ALESSANDRO, D’ALOISIO FRANCESCO, DALLAGIACOMA GIULIA, DE NITTO SARA, DI GASPARE FRANCESCA, GALLIPOLI ORIANA, GENTILE LEANDRO, KUNDISOV LUCIA, NAVARO MONICA, PROVENZANO SANDRO, SANTANGELO OMARENZO, STEFANIZZI PASQUALE, GIANFREDI VINCENZA. Resources for assessing parents' vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E340-E373. [PMID: 33150224 PMCID: PMC7595070 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Vaccine Hesitancy has begun to appear in the scientific landscape, referring to the reluctance of a growing proportion of people to accept the vaccination offer. A variety of factors were identified as being associated with vaccine hesitancy but there was no universal algorithm and currently there aren’t any established metrics to assess either the presence or impact of vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published questionnaires evaluating parental vaccine hesitancy, to highlight the differences among these surveys and offer a general overview on this matter. This study offers a deeper perspective on the available questionnaires, helping future researches to identify the most suitable one according to their own aim and study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- PAOLA CELLA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - GIANLUCA VOGLINO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - ILARIA BARBERIS
- Health Science Department, University of Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: Ilaria Barberis, Health Science Department, University of Genoa, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Pad. 3 San Martino Hospital, Italy - Tel./Fax +39 010 3538502 - E-mail:
| | - ENRICO ALAGNA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - CLAUDIA ALESSANDRONI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - ALESSANDRO CUDA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - FRANCESCO D’ALOISIO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - GIULIA DALLAGIACOMA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - SARA DE NITTO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - FRANCESCA DI GASPARE
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - ORIANA GALLIPOLI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - LEANDRO GENTILE
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - LUCIA KUNDISOV
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
| | - MONICA NAVARO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Italy
| | - SANDRO PROVENZANO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - OMAR ENZO SANTANGELO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - PASQUALE STEFANIZZI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - VINCENZA GIANFREDI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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25
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Alsubaie SS, Gosadi IM, Alsaadi BM, Albacker NB, Bawazir MA, Bin-Daud N, Almanie WB, Alsaadi MM, Alzamil FA. Vaccine hesitancy among Saudi parents and its determinants. Result from the WHO SAGE working group on vaccine hesitancy survey tool. Saudi Med J 2019; 40:1242-1250. [PMID: 31828276 PMCID: PMC6969619 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.12.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among Saudi parents. In addition, we explored the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and child's immunization status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using interviews with parents visiting outpatient clinics at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between July 2017 and October 2018. The strategic advisory group of experts on immunization vaccine hesitancy survey was used. Results: A total of 500 parents were interviewed. Twenty percent of parents were hesitant to get their child vaccinated. Parents with higher educational levels were more vaccine hesitant (p less than 0.001). Among parents who reported hesitancy toward vaccination, 36% of children were not vaccinated fully for their age. Concerns related to vaccine safety were the most frequent reason (53%) reported by vaccine-hesitant parents. Negative beliefs toward vaccination seemed to be associated with increase hesitancy and incomplete vaccination status of children. In multivariate analyses, the main factors associated with both parents' hesitancy and incomplete vaccination status were believing that vaccines are ineffective (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.9-102.3) and believing that vaccines are not important (AOR=27, 95% CI: 5.8-126). Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy among parents in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a concern and is likely to influence the vaccination status of their children. Countering vaccine related concerns must be tailored, particularly in higher-educated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Alsubaie
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Napolitano F, D'Alessandro A, Angelillo IF. Investigating Italian parents' vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1558-1565. [PMID: 29641945 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1463943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and to identify factors associated among a randomly selected sample of parents. A questionnaire was self-administered from October to December 2017 to a sample of parents of children aged 2 to 6 years attending five randomly selected pre-schools in the geographic area of Naples, Italy. Out of the 727 selected parents, 437 returned the questionnaires for a response rate of 60.1%. The median of Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines Survey (PACV) score among participants was 45.8 with a total of 141 parents (34.7%) scored a value ≥50 and were defined hesitant about the childhood vaccinations. Vaccine hesitancy was significantly more common among those who were concerned and among those were not sure that any one of the childhood shots might not be safe, among those who were concerned that their children might have a serious side effect from a shot, among those who were concerned that a shot might not prevent the disease, among those who delayed and refused at least a shot of vaccine for their children, and in those who are not sure and uncertain in the pediatrician. More than half of parents (53.8%) expressed a desire to receive additional information about the childhood vaccinations. Parents who were not sure and uncertain that to follow the recommended shot schedule is a good idea for their children and those who were parents of first-born children were more likely to need additional information. This study finds a high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among parents suggesting that in the immunization program is necessary to achieve a higher quality of the relationship between pediatricians and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Napolitano
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
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