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Arnuphapprasert A, Nugraheni YR, Poofery J, Aung A, Kaewlamun W, Chankeaw W, Tasanaganjanakorn T, Wattanamethanont J, Kaewthamasorn M. Genetic characterization of genes encoding the major surface proteins of Anaplasma marginale from cattle isolates in Thailand reveals multiple novel variants. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102110. [PMID: 36577307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is a serious tick-borne disease that is responsible for economic loss worldwide. The major surface proteins (MSPs), encoded by msp1 to msp5 genes of Anaplasma marginale, play an important role in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions. These markers have been used for genetic characterization and phylogenetic studies. Despite domestic reports concerning suspected outbreaks of anaplasmosis in Thailand, genetic analysis of A. marginale in the country remains largely limited. Therefore, we aim to investigate the infection rate of the rickettsia organism in the Anaplasmataceae family throughout five regions of Thailand and to further characterize the key genetic markers: msp1a, msp2, and msp5 of A. marginale. From 2016 to 2021, we collected a total of 384 cattle blood samples across 18 provinces. Overall, the infection rate of the rickettsia organism in the Anaplasmataceae family was 46.1%. Over 65% of the positive samples were confirmed as A. marginale. We successfully obtained a total of 138 A. marginale msp1a (38), msp2 (79), and msp5 (21) sequences from all regions of the country. The msp1a and msp2 genes exhibit a high degree of genetic diversity, while the msp5 gene is highly conserved among the Thai isolates. Our findings regarding msp1a corroborated the genetic heterogeneity of A. marginale strains in endemic regions worldwide. Additionally, we found multiple novel variants for the first time in the current nationwide survey. We found 45 tandem repeat characters of the msp1a sequence. Among them, 24 characters were not shared with other countries. Collectively, we expanded the extent of genetic diversity in key markers; msp1a and msp2 genes, and further confirmed the previous finding that msp5 was highly conserved. The msp1a and msp2 genes could be useful for the surveillance of newly introduced strains. The current data may also be useful in designing a vaccine containing potential epitopes of different antigens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Arnuphapprasert
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Juthathip Poofery
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aung Aung
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Winai Kaewlamun
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiruntita Chankeaw
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tanuwong Tasanaganjanakorn
- Farmed Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Juntra Wattanamethanont
- Department of Livestock Development, Parasitology Section, National Institute of Animal Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kozaki I, Shimizu K, Honda H. Disulfide linked hetero dimeric peptide arrays for screening functional peptides inside cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:613-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pimentel LS, Turini CA, Santos PS, Morais MAD, Souza AG, Barbosa MB, Martins EMDN, Coutinho LB, Furtado CA, Ladeira LO, Martins JR, Goulart LR, Faria PCBD. Balanced Th1/Th2 immune response induced by MSP1a functional motif coupled to multiwalled carbon nanotubes as anti-anaplasmosis vaccine in murine model. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102137. [PMID: 31857182 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases of cattle caused by Anaplasma marginale. MSP1a surface protein has been shown to be involved in eliciting immunity to infected cattle. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been increasingly highlighted due to their needle like structure, which contain multiple attachment sites for biomolecules and may interact with or cross biological membranes, increasing antigen availability to immune system. Here, we have successfully designed a nanocomplex of a synthetic peptide noncovalently attached to multiwalled CNT (MWCNT). Peptide comprising the core motif of the MSP1a was efficiently adsorb onto the nanoparticle surface. The MWCNT-Am1 nanocomplex exhibited high stability and good dispersibility and in vivo immunization showed high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a, followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This is a proof-of-concept of a nanovaccine that was able to generate a strong immune response compared to the common antigen-adjuvant vaccine without the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Santos Pimentel
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Alvarenga Turini
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Abilio de Morais
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Gomes Souza
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Botelho Barbosa
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Carbon Nanostructures, Nuclear Technology Development Center, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Clascídia Aparecida Furtado
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Carbon Nanostructures, Nuclear Technology Development Center, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Orlando Ladeira
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Martins
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Fedorina EA, Arkhipova AL, Kosovskiy GY, Kovalchuk SN. Molecular survey and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale isolates in cattle from two regions of Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:251-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hove P, Khumalo ZTH, Chaisi ME, Oosthuizen MC, Brayton KA, Collins NE. Detection and Characterisation of Anaplasma marginale and A. centrale in South Africa. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E26. [PMID: 29510496 PMCID: PMC5876571 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic in South Africa and it has a negative economic impact on cattle farming. An improved understanding of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma marginale variety centrale (A. centrale) transmission, together with improved tools for pathogen detection and characterisation, are required to inform best management practices. Direct detection methods currently in use for A. marginale and A. centrale in South Africa are light microscopic examination of tissue and organ smears, conventional, nested, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, and a reverse line blot hybridisation assay. Of these, qPCR is the most sensitive for detection of A. marginale and A. centrale in South Africa. Serological assays also feature in routine diagnostics, but cross-reactions prevent accurate species identification. Recently, genetic characterisation has confirmed that A. marginale and A. centrale are separate species. Diversity studies targeting Msp1a repeats for A. marginale and Msp1aS repeats for A. centrale have revealed high genetic variation and point to correspondingly high levels of variation in A. marginale outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which have been shown to be potential vaccine candidates in North American studies. Information on these OMPs is lacking for South African A. marginale strains and should be considered in future recombinant vaccine development studies, ultimately informing the development of regional or global vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidashe Hove
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Zamantungwa T H Khumalo
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Mamohale E Chaisi
- Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa; Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Marinda C Oosthuizen
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Kelly A Brayton
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Nicola E Collins
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
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Hove P, Chaisi ME, Brayton KA, Ganesan H, Catanese HN, Mtshali MS, Mutshembele AM, Oosthuizen MC, Collins NE. Co-infections with multiple genotypes of Anaplasma marginale in cattle indicate pathogen diversity. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:5. [PMID: 29298712 PMCID: PMC5753507 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have examined the presence of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in South Africa, and no studies have comprehensively examined these species across the whole country. To undertake this country-wide study we adapted a duplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for use in South Africa but found that one of the genes on which the assay was based was variable. Therefore, we sequenced a variety of field samples and tested the assay on the variants detected. We used the assay to screen 517 cattle samples sourced from all nine provinces of South Africa, and subsequently examined A. marginale positive samples for msp1α genotype to gauge strain diversity. RESULTS Although the A. marginale msp1β gene is variable, the qPCR functions at an acceptable efficiency. The A. centrale groEL gene was not variable within the qPCR assay region. Of the cattle samples screened using the assay, 57% and 17% were found to be positive for A. marginale and A. centrale, respectively. Approximately 15% of the cattle were co-infected. Msp1α genotyping revealed 36 novel repeat sequences. Together with data from previous studies, we analysed the Msp1a repeats from South Africa where a total of 99 repeats have been described that can be attributed to 190 msp1α genotypes. While 22% of these repeats are also found in other countries, only two South African genotypes are also found in other countries; otherwise, the genotypes are unique to South Africa. CONCLUSIONS Anaplasma marginale was prevalent in the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga and absent in the Northern Cape. Anaplasma centrale was prevalent in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal and absent in the Northern Cape and Eastern Cape. None of the cattle in the study were known to be vaccinated with A. centrale, so finding positive cattle indicates that this organism appears to be naturally circulating in cattle. A diverse population of A. marginale strains are found in South Africa, with some msp1α genotypes widely distributed across the country, and others appearing only once in one province. This diversity should be taken into account in future vaccine development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidashe Hove
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mamohale E. Chaisi
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kelly A. Brayton
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Hamilton Ganesan
- Inqaba Biotechnical Industries, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Helen N. Catanese
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Moses S. Mtshali
- Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Present Address: National Research Foundation, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Awelani M. Mutshembele
- Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Present Address: Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marinda C. Oosthuizen
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicola E. Collins
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kozaki I, Shimizu K, Honda H. Effective modification of cell death-inducing intracellular peptides by means of a photo-cleavable peptide array-based screening system. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Battilani M, De Arcangeli S, Balboni A, Dondi F. Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Anaplasma. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 49:195-211. [PMID: 28122249 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma are obligate intracellular bacteria of cells of haematopoietic origin and are aetiological agents of tick-borne diseases of both veterinary and medical interest common in both tropical and temperate regions. The recent disclosure of their zoonotic potential has greatly increased interest in the study of these bacteria, leading to the recent reorganisation of Rickettsia taxonomy and to the possible discovery of new species belonging to the genus Anaplasma. This review is particularly focused on the common and unique characteristics of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, with an emphasis on genetic diversity and evolution, and the main distinguishing features of the diseases caused by the different Anaplasma spp. are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bo, Italy.
| | - Stefano De Arcangeli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bo, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bo, Italy
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da Silva JB, André MR, Machado RZ. Low genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in calves in an endemic area for bovine anaplasmosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Machado RZ, Silva JBD, André MR, Gonçalves LR, Matos CA, Obregón D. Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with the presence of different Anaplasma marginale strains in dairy cattle in the states of São Paulo and Goiás, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2015; 24:438-46. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The present study reports the genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale during anaplasmosis outbreaks in rural properties of the states of Goiás and São Paulo, Brazil. Mortality rates of 3.5% (37/1,050) in calves, 4.7% (45/954) in heifers and 1.1% (25/2,200) in lactating cows were observed in a cattle herd of the municipality of Mambaí, state of Goiás, central-western Brazil. In a cattle herd from the municipality of Lins, state of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, none of the animals died, despite presenting clinical signs suggestive of bovine anaplasmosis and exhibiting a drastic decrease in milk production. Thus, blood samples were collected from 100 animals with clinical signs suggestive of bovine anaplasmosis in the municipalities of Mambaí and Lins. Based on the microsatellite structure of the MSP1a of A. marginale, the genotypes E and H were observed in Lins, and the C, D and E genotypes were found in Mambaí. The analysis of the tandem repeat structures of the MSP1a showed nine different strains (τ-10 -15, α-β2, α-β3-13, α-β2 192, τ-β-100, α-β2-Γ, 193-β-100, 191-13-Γ and 191-13-18) in Lins and two (α-β3-Γ and E-F-φ2-F2) in Mambaí. Three new tandem repeats of MSP1a (191, 192 and 193) were described. The τ-10-15 and α-β3-Γ strains were predominantly associated with the occurrence of clinical anaplasmosis and mortality in calves, heifers and lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Antonio Matos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Direcção de Ciências Animais, Moçambique
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil; Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Cuba
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Effects of the properties of short peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides on their internalization into cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12884. [PMID: 26256261 PMCID: PMC4530456 DOI: 10.1038/srep12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, especially intracellular functional peptides that can play a particular role inside a cell, have attracted attention as promising materials to control cell fate. However, hydrophilic materials like peptides are difficult for cells to internalize. Therefore, the screening and design of intracellular functional peptides are more difficult than that of extracellular ones. An effective high-throughput screening system for intracellular functional peptides has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate a novel peptide array system for screening intracellular functional peptides, in which both cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) domain and photo-cleavable linkers are used. By using this screening system, we determined how the cellular uptake properties of CPP-conjugated peptides varied depending on the properties of the conjugated peptides. We found that the internalization ability of CPP-conjugated peptides varied greatly depending on the property of the conjugated peptides, and anionic peptides drastically decreased the uptake ability. We summarized our data in a scatter diagram that plots hydrophobicity versus isoelectric point (pI) of conjugated peptides. These results define a peptide library suitable for screening of intracellular functional peptides. Thus, our system, including the diagram, is a promising tool for searching biological active molecules such as peptide-based drugs.
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Genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny of Anaplasma marginale studied longitudinally under natural transmission conditions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:499-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Molecular and immunological characterization of three strains of Anaplasma marginale grown in cultured tick cells. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:522-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cabezas-Cruz A, de la Fuente J. Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a: A marker of strain diversity with implications for control of bovine anaplasmosis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Baêta BA, Ribeiro CCDU, Teixeira RC, Cabezas-Cruz A, Passos LMF, Zweygarth E, Fonseca AH. Characterization of two strains of Anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after propagation in tick cell culture. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 6:141-5. [PMID: 25468764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
IDE8 tick cell cultures have been used for the isolation and propagation of several isolates of Anaplasma marginale. The genetic heterogeneity of A. marginale strains in cattle is diverse in endemic regions worldwide and the analyses of msp1α (major surface protein 1 alpha) gene sequences have allowed the identification of different strains. This study reports the isolation and propagation of two new isolates of A. marginale in IDE8 cells from blood of two cattle and their morphological and molecular characterization using light microscopy and the msp1α gene, respectively. Small colonies were observed in cytospin smears of each of the isolates 60 days after culture initiation. Based on msp1α sequence variation, the two isolates were found to be separate strains and were named AmRio1 and AmRio2. Analysis of msp1α microsatellite in both strains resulted in a single genotype, genotype E. The amino acid sequence of one MSP1α tandem repeat from the strain AmRio1 resulted in a new sequence (named 162) with one amino acid change. The results of these phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that A. marginale strains from Brazil and Argentina formed two large clusters of which one was less divergent that the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A Baêta
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carla C D U Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rafaella C Teixeira
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; SaBio, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain.
| | - Lygia M F Passos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Erich Zweygarth
- Institute for Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X4, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Adivaldo H Fonseca
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mutshembele AM, Cabezas-Cruz A, Mtshali MS, Thekisoe OM, Galindo RC, de la Fuente J. Epidemiology and evolution of the genetic variability of Anaplasma marginale in South Africa. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:624-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Silva JB, Fonseca AH, Barbosa JD, Cabezas-Cruz A, de la Fuente J. Low genetic diversity associated with low prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in Marajó Island, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:801-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Silvestre BT, Rabelo ÉM, Versiani AF, da Fonseca FG, Silveira JA, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Ribeiro MF. Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice immunized with a recombinant fragment of MSP1a from Anaplasma marginale using carbon nanotubes as a carrier molecule. Vaccine 2014; 32:2160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Functional and immunological relevance of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65243. [PMID: 23776456 PMCID: PMC3679145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is caused by cattle infection with the tick-borne bacterium, Anaplasma marginale. The major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) has been used as a genetic marker for identifying A. marginale strains based on N-terminal tandem repeats and a 5′-UTR microsatellite located in the msp1a gene. The MSP1a tandem repeats contain immune relevant elements and functional domains that bind to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, thus providing information about the evolution of host-pathogen and vector-pathogen interactions. Here we propose one nomenclature for A. marginale strain classification based on MSP1a. All tandem repeats among A. marginale strains were classified and the amino acid variability/frequency in each position was determined. The sequence variation at immunodominant B cell epitopes was determined and the secondary (2D) structure of the tandem repeats was modeled. A total of 224 different strains of A. marginale were classified, showing 11 genotypes based on the 5′-UTR microsatellite and 193 different tandem repeats with high amino acid variability per position. Our results showed phylogenetic correlation between MSP1a sequence, secondary structure, B-cell epitope composition and tick transmissibility of A. marginale strains. The analysis of MSP1a sequences provides relevant information about the biology of A. marginale to design vaccines with a cross-protective capacity based on MSP1a B-cell epitopes.
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Lasmar PVF, Carvalho AÚD, Facury Filho EJ, Bastos CV, Ribeiro MFB. Evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:112-7. [PMID: 22832750 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (IDE8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. Five calves (Group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three doses of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) A. marginale initial bodies. Five control calves received saline solution alone (Group 2). Thirty-two days after the final inoculation, all the calves were challenged with approximately 3 × 10(5) erythrocytes infected with A. marginale high-virulence isolate (UFMG2). The Group 1 calves seroconverted 14 days after the second dose of vaccine. After the challenge, all the animals showed patent rickettsemia. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the Group 1 and 2 calves during the incubation period, patency period or convalescence period. All the animals required treatment to prevent death. The results suggest that the inactivated vaccine from A. marginale produced in IDE8 induced seroconversion in calves, but was not effective for preventing anaplasmosis induced by the UFMG2 isolate under the conditions of this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Veloso Facury Lasmar
- Departamento de Clínica da Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens. Vaccine 2012; 30:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Moreno-Cid JA, Jiménez M, Cornelie S, Molina R, Alarcón P, Lacroix MN, Pinal R, Delacour S, Lucientes J, Canales M, de la Lastra JMP, Villar M, de la Fuente J. Characterization of Aedes albopictus akirin for the control of mosquito and sand fly infestations. Vaccine 2010; 29:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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de la Fuente J, Kocan KM, Blouin EF, Zivkovic Z, Naranjo V, Almazán C, Esteves E, Jongejan F, Daffre S, Mangold AJ. Functional genomics and evolution of tick-Anaplasma interactions and vaccine development. Vet Parasitol 2009; 167:175-86. [PMID: 19819630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) includes several tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. Tick-borne pathogens cycle between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts and their interaction is mediated by molecular mechanisms at the tick-pathogen interface. These mechanisms have evolved characteristics that involve traits from both the tick vector and the pathogen to insure their mutual survival. Herein, we review the information obtained from functional genomics and genetic studies to characterize the tick-Anaplasma interface and evolution of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum. Anaplasma and tick genes and proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions were characterized. The results of these studies demonstrated that common and Anaplasma species-specific molecular mechanism occur by which pathogen and tick cell gene expression mediates or limits Anaplasma developmental cycle and trafficking through ticks. These results have advanced our understanding of the biology of tick-Anaplasma interactions and have opened new avenues for the development of improved methods for the control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Canales M, Almazán C, Pérez de la Lastra JM, de la Fuente J. Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick BM95 immunogenic peptides on Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2008; 135:326-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Induced immune response of DNA vaccine encoding an association MSP1a, MSP1b, and MSP5 antigens of Anaplasma marginale. Vaccine 2008; 26:3522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Canales M, de la Lastra JMP, Naranjo V, Nijhof AM, Hope M, Jongejan F, de la Fuente J. Expression of recombinant Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, R. annulatus and R. decoloratus Bm86 orthologs as secreted proteins in Pichia pastoris. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:14. [PMID: 18275601 PMCID: PMC2262073 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. ticks economically impact on cattle production in Africa and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. The R. microplus Bm86 protective antigen has been produced by recombinant DNA technology and shown to protect cattle against tick infestations. Results In this study, the genes for Bm86 (R. microplus), Ba86 (R. annulatus) and Bd86 (R. decoloratus) were cloned and characterized from African or Asian tick strains and the recombinant proteins were secreted and purified from P. pastoris. The secretion of recombinant Bm86 ortholog proteins in P. pastoris allowed for a simple purification process rendering a final product with high recovery (35–42%) and purity (80–85%) and likely to result in a more reproducible conformation closely resembling the native protein. Rabbit immunization experiments with recombinant proteins showed immune cross-reactivity between Bm86 ortholog proteins. Conclusion These experiments support the development and testing of vaccines containing recombinant Bm86, Ba86 and Bd86 secreted in P. pastoris for the control of tick infestations in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Canales
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Blouin EF. Targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31 Suppl 1:91-6. [PMID: 17682853 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae Anaplasma marginale. Control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. Our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. Toward this approach, we have targeted (1) development of an A. marginale cell culture system to provide a non-bovine antigen source, (2) characterization of an A. marginale adhesion protein, and (3) identification of key tick protective antigens for reduction of tick infestations. A cell culture system for propagation of A. marginale was developed and provided a non-bovine source of A. marginale vaccine antigen. The A. marginale adhesion protein, MSP1a, was characterized and use of recombinant MSP1a in vaccine formulations reduced clinical anaplasmosis and infection levels in ticks that acquired infection on immunized cattle. Most recently, we identified a tick-protective antigen, subolesin, that reduced tick infestations, as well as the vectorial capacity of ticks for acquisition and transmission of A marginale. This integrated approach to vaccine development shows promise for developing new strategies for control of bovine anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kocan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, USA.
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de la Fuente J, Ayoubi P, Blouin EF, Almazán C, Naranjo V, Kocan KM. Anaplasmosis: focusing on host-vector-pathogen interactions for vaccine development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1078:416-23. [PMID: 17114750 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophylum are intracellular rickettsiae that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. The ultimate vaccine for the control of anaplasmosis would be one that reduces infection and transmission of the pathogen by ticks. Effective vaccines for control of anaplasmosis are not available despite attempts using different approaches, such as attenuated strains, infected erythrocyte and tick cell-derived purified antigens, and recombinant pathogen and tick-derived proteins. Three lines of functional analyses were conducted by our laboratory to characterize host-tick-Anaplasma interactions to discover potential vaccine candidate antigens to control tick infestations and the infection and transmission of Anaplasma spp.: (1) characterization of A. marginale adhesins involved in infection and transmission of the pathogen, (2) global expression analysis of genes differentially expressed in HL-60 human promyelocytic cells in response to infection with A. phagocytophilum, and (3) identification and characterization of tick-protective antigens by expression library immunization (ELI) and analysis of expressed sequence tags (EST) in a mouse model of tick infestations and by RNA interference in ticks. These experiments have resulted in the characterization of the A. marginale MSP1a as an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, providing support for its use as candidate vaccine antigen for the control of bovine . Microarray analysis of genes differentially expressed in human cells infected with A. phagocytophilum identified key molecules involved in pathogen infection and multiplication. The screening for tick-protective antigens resulted in vaccine candidates reducing tick infestation, molting, and oviposition and affecting Anaplasma infection levels in ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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29
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Vidotto MC, Kano SF, Gregori F, Headley SA, Vidotto O. Phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma marginale strains from Paraná State, Brazil, using the msp1alpha and msp4 genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:404-11. [PMID: 17062116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen (order, Rickettsiales: family, Anaplasmataceae) that causes bovine anaplasmosis. This disease is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and causes important economic losses to cattle production. Major surface protein (MSP)1a (msp1alpha gene) is one of the six MSPs identified on A. marginale from cattle, whose sequence and size vary according to the number of tandem 28- to 29-amino acid repeats. This study characterized the msp1alpha and msp4 genes obtained from three distinct Brazilian herds from the State of Paraná. Three strains of the msp1alpha and one strain of the msp4 gene were sequenced. The strains evaluated revealed PCR products of different size, representing three, five and six internal repeats. Sequence analyses confirmed the number of tandem sequence copies and revealed a high degree of sequence identity with strains from other Brazilian States, as well as strains from the USA, Europe and Israel. The msp1alpha DNA and amino acid sequences from A. marginale and DNA sequences of msp4 strains did not reveal distinct phylogeographical segregation. However, the amino acid sequences of msp4 demonstrated definite phylogeographical relationship. These results suggest that the amino acid sequences of msp4 should be used for phylogenetic identification of A. marginale strains and may be an important tool for the epidemiology and control of anaplasmosis. Additionally, the close similarity of the Paraná strains of A. marginale with strains from USA, Europe and Asia may reflect the introduction of these genes during the development of the Brazilian bovine herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vidotto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Hilpert K, Winkler DFH, Hancock REW. Cellulose-bound Peptide Arrays: Preparation and Applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2007; 24:31-106. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2007.10648093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Dürauer A, Berger E, Schuster M, Wasserbauer E, Himmler G, Loibner H, Mudde GC, Jungbauer A. Peptide arrays for the determination of humoral responses induced by active immunization with a monoclonal antibody against EpCAM. J Immunol Methods 2006; 317:114-25. [PMID: 17069841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an attractive target for monoclonal antibody serotherapy because it is over-expressed in approximately 70% of epithelial cancers and their metastatic lesions. IGN101, the immunogenic formulation of the murine monoclonal anti-EpCAM antibody Mab17-1A, has been shown to evoke a strong humoral immune response in both monkey studies and early clinical trials. Notably, there was a reduction in the number of circulating EpCAM-positive tumor cells in the peripheral blood of treated cancer patients. In contrast to earlier publications by other groups, we could not detect an anti-EpCAM immune response upon treatment with Mab17-1A using a conventional but optimized anti-EpCAM ELISA. Therefore, in a novel experimental setup, sera of healthy immunized monkeys, normal human donors and cancer patients immunized with IGN101 were tested for reactivity against a series of overlapping synthetic peptides encompassing the entire sequence of EpCAM prepared by SPOT synthesis on cellular supports. Using this method, sera from normal donors reacted with different peptides compared to sera from healthy monkeys. However, the peptides were clustered in the same regions of EpCAM. Cancer patients generally had a lower reactivity to EpCAM peptides and immunization with IGN101 induced reactivity against a different set of peptides. Antibodies cross-reacting with both the IgG2a framework and with the Mab17-1A idiotype were identified. In summary, our data indicate that some EpCAM peptides may be recognized in a species-specific manner. At least seven EpCAM-derived peptides could be of diagnostic interest (QCQCTSVGAQ, ERVRTYWIII, ALQKEITTRY, TYWIIIELKH, IADVAYYFEK, AYYFEKDVKG, GQTLIYYVDE), while four out of these seven peptides may also possess therapeutic relevance (TYWIIIELKH, ALQKEITTRY, IADVAYYFEK, AYYFEKDVKG).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dürauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Saha S, Raghava GPS. Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network. Proteins 2006; 65:40-8. [PMID: 16894596 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 952] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
B-cell epitopes play a vital role in the development of peptide vaccines, in diagnosis of diseases, and also for allergy research. Experimental methods used for characterizing epitopes are time consuming and demand large resources. The availability of epitope prediction method(s) can rapidly aid experimenters in simplifying this problem. The standard feed-forward (FNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) have been used in this study for predicting B-cell epitopes in an antigenic sequence. The networks have been trained and tested on a clean data set, which consists of 700 non-redundant B-cell epitopes obtained from Bcipep database and equal number of non-epitopes obtained randomly from Swiss-Prot database. The networks have been trained and tested at different input window length and hidden units. Maximum accuracy has been obtained using recurrent neural network (Jordan network) with a single hidden layer of 35 hidden units for window length of 16. The final network yields an overall prediction accuracy of 65.93% when tested by fivefold cross-validation. The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction values are 67.14, 64.71, and 65.61%, respectively. It has been observed that RNN (JE) was more successful than FNN in the prediction of B-cell epitopes. The length of the peptide is also important in the prediction of B-cell epitopes from antigenic sequences. The webserver ABCpred is freely available at www.imtech.res.in/raghava/abcpred/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Saha
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Michelon A, Conceição FR, Binsfeld PC, da Cunha CW, Moreira AN, Argondizzo AP, McIntosh D, Armôa GRG, Campos AS, Farber M, McFadden J, Dellagostin OA. Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing Anaplasma marginale MSP1a antigen. Vaccine 2006; 24:6332-9. [PMID: 16781025 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humoral and cellular immune responses of mice inoculated with recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing the MSP1a antigen of Anaplasma marginale were evaluated. The msp1a gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into the mycobacterial expression vectors pUS2000 and pMIP12. Immunization of isogenic BALB/c mice with the rBCG/pUS2000-msp1a construct induced significant seroconversion to MSP1a (p<0.001), which was 26 times above pre-immunization levels at day 63 post-initial immunization and which remained stable for the duration of the experiment (6 months). In contrast, rBCG/pMIP12-msp1a induced seroconversion at a level of 6 times above pre-immunization values, which peaked at day 63. Western blot analysis showed that sera derived from mice vaccinated with either rBCG construct recognized both native and recombinant forms of A. marginale MSP1a. In contrast to the humoral response data, immunization with rBCG/pMIP12-msp1a was found to induce a markedly stronger cellular response than that recorded for BCG/pUS2000-msp1a. These observations clearly demonstrated the immunogenicity of recombinant BCG expressing the MSP1a antigen and suggested that the immune responses were influenced by the level of antigen expression. The results of this research warrant studies of recombinant M. bovis BCG expressing MSP1a in cattle to test for protective antibody production for control of bovine anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Michelon
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Dürauer A, Kopecky E, Berger E, Seifert M, Hahn R, Jungbauer A. Evaluation of a sensitive detection method for peptide arrays prepared by SPOT synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:45-57. [PMID: 16439026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growing range of applications for peptide arrays prepared by SPOT synthesis confirms that they are a powerful proteomics technique to study numerous aspects of molecular interaction events. The most frequent application for peptide arrays prepared by SPOT synthesis is the identification of linear epitopes that are recognized by antibodies. In the conventional format using secondary antibodies for detection unspecific binding and high background have been observed. This leads to difficulties in evaluation of developed membranes. Especially for application with combinatorial libraries false positive results are to be avoided. To circumvent this issue, we directly labeled compounds of interest with biotin and detected binding by incubation with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase via chemiluminescence. Optimization of method conditions led to a very sensitive detection technique with no or low number of unspecific spots, which is superior to conventional detection with secondary antibodies. As one consequence, evaluation of competitive assays got more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dürauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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de la Fuente J, Lew A, Lutz H, Meli ML, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Shkap V, Molad T, Mangold AJ, Almazán C, Naranjo V, Gortázar C, Torina A, Caracappa S, García-Pérez AL, Barral M, Oporto B, Ceci L, Carelli G, Blouin EF, Kocan KM. Genetic diversity of anaplasma species major surface proteins and implications for anaplasmosis serodiagnosis and vaccine development. Anim Health Res Rev 2005; 6:75-89. [PMID: 16164010 DOI: 10.1079/ahr2005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) includes several pathogens of veterinary and human medical importance. An understanding of the diversity of Anaplasma major surface proteins (MSPs), including those MSPs that modulate infection, development of persistent infections, and transmission of pathogens by ticks, is derived in part, by characterization and phylogenetic analyses of geographic strains. Information concerning the genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. MSPs will likely influence the development of serodiagnostic assays and vaccine strategies for the control of anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA.
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Kocan KM, Yoshioka J, Sonenshine DE, de la Fuente J, Ceraul SM, Blouin EF, Almazán C. Capillary tube feeding system for studying tick-pathogen interactions of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2005; 42:864-74. [PMID: 16366000 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/42.5.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A capillary tube feeding (CTF) system was adapted for studying the interaction between Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and the rickettsial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale Theiler. A. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks that begins in midguts and ends by transmission from salivary glands. In this CTF system, male D. variabilis were fed A. marginale-infected blood or cultured tick cells. Ticks that fed on highly rickettsemic calves developed midgut and salivary gland infections as detected by PCR, whereas ticks that were fed from capillary tubes on the same blood developed only midgut infections. An unexpected result of capillary tube feeding was that antibodies against the A. marginale adhesin, major surface protein la, enhanced midgut infections and caused cell culture-derived A. marginale to infect midguts. Another unexpected result was the infection of the midguts of the nonvector tick Amblyomma americanum (L.), after capillary tube feeding on infected bovine blood. The gut cell response of ticks to A. marginale, as determined from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, did not differ when ticks were fed infected or uninfected cells from capillary tubes. Selected protein bands, as identified by tryptic digestion-mass spectrometry, contained mostly proteins of bovine origin, including bovine albumin, undigested alpha- and beta-chain hemoglobin and hemoglobin fragments. Although infection of ticks by A. marginale CTF system was not the same as infection by feeding on cattle, the results obtained demonstrated the potential use of this system for identifying aspects of pathogen-vector interactions that are not readily recognized in naturally feeding ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kocan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA
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