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Kadamani KL, Logan SM, Pamenter ME. Does hypometabolism constrain innate immune defense? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14091. [PMID: 38288574 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Many animals routinely make energetic trade-offs to adjust to environmental demands and these trade-offs often have significant implications for survival. For example, environmental hypoxia is commonly experienced by many organisms and is an energetically challenging condition because reduced oxygen availability constrains aerobic energy production, which can be lethal. Many hypoxia-tolerant species downregulate metabolic demands when oxygen is limited; however, certain physiological functions are obligatory and must be maintained despite the need to conserve energy in hypoxia. Of particular interest is immunity (including both constitutive and induced immune functions) because mounting an immune response is among the most energetically expensive physiological processes but maintaining immune function is critical for survival in most environments. Intriguingly, physiological responses to hypoxia and pathogens share key molecular regulators such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, through which hypoxia can directly activate an immune response. This raises an interesting question: do hypoxia-tolerant species mount an immune response during periods of hypoxia-induced hypometabolism? Unfortunately, surprisingly few studies have examined interactions between immunity and hypometabolism in such species. Therefore, in this review, we consider mechanistic interactions between metabolism and immunity, as well as energetic trade-offs between these two systems, in hypoxia-tolerant animals but also in other models of hypometabolism, including neonates and hibernators. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that such species have blunted immune responses in hypometabolic conditions and/or use alternative immune pathways when in a hypometabolic state. Evidence to date suggests that hypoxia-tolerant animals do maintain immunity in low oxygen conditions, but that the sensitivity of immune responses may be blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kadamani
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha M Logan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Pereira PDC, Diniz DG, da Costa ER, Magalhães NGDM, da Silva ADJF, Leite JGS, Almeida NIP, Cunha KDN, de Melo MAD, Vasconcelos PFDC, Diniz JAP, Brites D, Anthony DC, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239572. [PMID: 37711609 PMCID: PMC10497949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major approaches are adopted by the host to deal with the pathogen: resistance or tolerance. The nature of the responses often differs between species and between individuals of the same species. Resistance includes innate and adaptive immune responses to control virus replication. Disease tolerance relies on the immune response allowing the coexistence of infections in the host with minimal or no clinical signs, while maintaining sufficient viral replication for transmission. Here, we compared the virome of bats, rodents and migratory birds and the molecular mechanisms underlying symptomatic and asymptomatic disease progression. We also explore the influence of the host physiology and environmental influences on RNA virus expression and how it impacts on the whole brain transcriptome of seemingly healthy semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Three time points throughout the year were selected to understand the importance of longitudinal surveys in the characterization of the virome. We finally revisited evidence that upstream and downstream regulation of the inflammatory response is, respectively, associated with resistance and tolerance to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão da Silva
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gizele Sousa Leite
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Natan Ibraim Pires Almeida
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kelle de Nazaré Cunha
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Picanço Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
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Pereira PDC, Henrique EP, da Costa ER, Falcão ADJ, de Melo MAD, Schneider MPC, Burbano RMR, Diniz DG, Magalhães NGDM, Sherry DF, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Molecular Changes in the Brain of the Wintering Calidris pusilla in the Mangroves of the Amazon River Estuary. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12712. [PMID: 37628893 PMCID: PMC10454129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrant birds prepare differently to fly north for breeding in the spring and for the flight to lower latitudes during autumn, avoiding the cold and food shortages of the Northern Hemisphere's harsh winter. The molecular events associated with these fundamental stages in the life history of migrants include the differential gene expression in different tissues. Semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) are Arctic-breeding shorebirds that migrate to the coast of South America during the non-breeding season. In a previous study, we demonstrated that between the beginning and the end of the wintering period, substantial glial changes and neurogenesis occur in the brain of C. pusilla. These changes follow the epic journey of the autumn migration when a 5-day non-stop transatlantic flight towards the coast of South America and the subsequent preparation for the long-distance flight of the spring migration takes place. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the differential gene expressions observed in the brains of individuals captured in the autumn and spring windows are consistent with the previously described cellular changes. We searched for differential gene expressions in the brain of the semipalmated sandpiper, of recently arrived birds (RA) from the autumnal migration, and that of individuals in the premigratory period (PM) in the spring. All individuals were collected in the tropical coastal of northern Brazil in the mangrove region of the Amazon River estuary. We generated a de novo neurotranscriptome for C. pusilla individuals and compared the gene expressions across libraries. To that end, we mapped an RNA-Seq that reads to the C. pusilla neurotranscriptome in four brain samples of each group and found that the differential gene expressions in newly arrived and premigratory birds were related with neurogenesis, metabolic pathways (ketone body biosynthetic and the catabolic and lipid biosynthetic processes), and glial changes (astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling, astrocyte differentiation, astrocyte cell migration, and astrocyte activation involved in immune response), as well as genes related to the immune response to virus infections (Type I Interferons), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and NF-κB), NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and cell death pathways (pyroptosis- and caspase-related changes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Ediely Pereira Henrique
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | | | | | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66093-020, PA, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
| | - David Francis Sherry
- Department of Psychology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 1G9, Canada
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Campus Bragança, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil; (P.D.C.P.)
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Role of Pyroptosis in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Its Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121804. [PMID: 36551232 PMCID: PMC9775394 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a progressive and multifactorial pathological process, is predominantly associated with low back pain and permanent disability. Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by the activation of inflammasomes and caspases. Unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis is characterized by the rupture of the plasma membrane and the release of inflammatory mediators, accelerating the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent studies have shown that pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is activated in the progression of IDD. Furthermore, targeting pyroptosis in IDD demonstrates the excellent capacity of ECM remodeling and its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that pyroptosis is involved in the IDD process. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of IDD. We also focus on the role of pyroptosis in the pathological progress of IDD and its targeted therapeutic application.
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Buaban S, Lengnudum K, Boonkum W, Phakdeedindan P. Genome-wide association study on milk production and somatic cell score for Thai dairy cattle using weighted single-step approach with random regression test-day model. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:468-494. [PMID: 34756438 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies are a powerful tool to identify genomic regions and variants associated with phenotypes. However, only limited mutual confirmation from different studies is available. The objectives of this study were to identify genomic regions as well as genes and pathways associated with the first-lactation milk, fat, protein, and total solid yields; fat, protein, and total solid percentage; and somatic cell score (SCS) in a Thai dairy cattle population. Effects of SNPs were estimated by a weighted single-step GWAS, which back-solved the genomic breeding values predicted using single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) fitting a single-trait random regression test-day model. Genomic regions that explained at least 0.5% of the total genetic variance were selected for further analyses of candidate genes. Despite the small number of genotyped animals, genomic predictions led to an improvement in the accuracy over the traditional BLUP. Genomic predictions using weighted ssGBLUP were slightly better than the ssGBLUP. The genomic regions associated with milk production traits contained 210 candidate genes on 19 chromosomes [Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 1 to 7, 9, 11 to 16, 20 to 21, 26 to 27 and 29], whereas 21 candidate genes on 3 chromosomes (BTA 11, 16, and 21) were associated with SCS. Many genomic regions explained a small fraction of the genetic variance, indicating polygenic inheritance of the studied traits. Several candidate genes coincided with previous reports for milk production traits in Holstein cattle, especially a large region of genes on BTA14. We identified 141 and 5 novel genes related to milk production and SCS, respectively. These novel genes were also found to be functionally related to heat tolerance (e.g., SLC45A2, IRAG1, and LOC101902172), longevity (e.g., SYT10 and LOC101903327), and fertility (e.g., PAG1). These findings may be attributed to indirect selection in our population. Identified biological networks including intracellular cell transportation and protein catabolism implicate milk production, whereas the immunological pathways such as lymphocyte activation are closely related to SCS. Further studies are required to validate our findings before exploiting them in genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buaban
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Genetic Improvement, Department of Livestock Development, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - K Lengnudum
- Bureau of Biotechnology in Livestock Production, Department of Livestock Development, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - W Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - P Phakdeedindan
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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6
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Inflammatory Responses of Porcine MoDC and Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a Direct-Contact Co-culture System Following a Bacterial Challenge. Inflammation 2021; 43:552-567. [PMID: 31811548 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), jointly control the immune response towards luminal pathogens in the intestinal mucosa. Crosstalk between IEC and DC is crucial for coordinating immune responses and occurs via soluble factors and direct cell-cell contacts. The present study aimed at establishing a direct-contact co-culture model of porcine IEC and DC to mimic these interactions. The effects of (1) co-cultivation of the two cell types and (2) bacterial infection on the inflammatory response patterns of each of the cell types were determined with a special focus on the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways. In infection experiments, in vitro cultures were exposed to either the probiotic Enterococcus (E.) faecium NCIMB 10415 or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In porcine IEC (IPEC-J2), co-cultivation with porcine monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) resulted in reduced basal NLRP3 (nucleotide oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptor [NLR] family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome mRNA levels in unstimulated conditions. In porcine MoDC, the presence of IPEC-J2 cells evoked a noticeable decrease of interleukin (IL)-8 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA and protein expression. ETEC, in contrast to E. faecium, modulated the inflammasome pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and porcine MoDC. Co-cultured IPEC-J2 cells showed an augmented inflammasome response to ETEC infection. By contrast, MoDC revealed a weakened ETEC response under such co-culture conditions as indicated by a reduction of inflammasome-related IL-1β protein release. Our data indicate that the close contact between IEC and resident immune cells has a major effect on their immunological behavior.
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Tweedell RE, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. A comprehensive guide to studying inflammasome activation and cell death. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3284-3333. [PMID: 32895525 PMCID: PMC7716618 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric heterogeneous mega-Dalton protein complexes that play key roles in the host innate immune response to infection and sterile insults. Assembly of the inflammasome complex following infection or injury begins with the oligomerization of the upstream inflammasome-forming sensor and proceeds through a multistep process of well-coordinated events and downstream effector functions. Together, these steps enable elegant experimental readouts with which to reliably assess the successful activation of the inflammasome complex and cell death. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that details several in vitro (in bone marrow-derived macrophages) and in vivo (in mice) strategies for activating the inflammasome and explain how to subsequently assess multiple downstream effects in parallel to unequivocally establish the activation status of the inflammasome and cell death pathways. Our workflow assesses inflammasome activation via the formation of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck; cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D; release of IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and lactate dehydrogenase from the cell; and real-time analysis of cell death by imaging. Analyses take up to ~24 h to complete. Overall, our multifaceted approach provides a comprehensive and consistent protocol for assessing inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Tweedell
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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9
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Torina A, Villari S, Blanda V, Vullo S, La Manna MP, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Di Liberto D, de la Fuente J, Sireci G. Innate Immune Response to Tick-Borne Pathogens: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Induced in the Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155437. [PMID: 32751625 PMCID: PMC7432002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens are transmitted by tick bites, including Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia and Theileria sensu stricto species. These pathogens cause infectious diseases both in animals and humans. Different types of immune effector mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen-derived antigens or indirectly by molecules released by host cells binding to these antigens. The components of innate immunity, such as natural killer cells, complement proteins, macrophages, dendritic cells and tumor necrosis factor alpha, cause a rapid and intense protection for the acute phase of infectious diseases. Moreover, the onset of a pro-inflammatory state occurs upon the activation of the inflammasome, a protein scaffold with a key-role in host defense mechanism, regulating the action of caspase-1 and the maturation of interleukin-1β and IL-18 into bioactive molecules. During the infection caused by different microbial agents, very similar profiles of the human innate immune response are observed including secretion of IL-1α, IL-8, and IFN-α, and suppression of superoxide dismutase, IL-1Ra and IL-17A release. Innate immunity is activated immediately after the infection and inflammasome-mediated changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokines at systemic and intracellular levels can be detected as early as on days 2–5 after tick bite. The ongoing research field of “inflammasome biology” focuses on the interactions among molecules and cells of innate immune response that could be responsible for triggering a protective adaptive immunity. The knowledge of the innate immunity mechanisms, as well as the new targets of investigation arising by bioinformatics analysis, could lead to the development of new methods of emergency diagnosis and prevention of tick-borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Torina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (S.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Sara Villari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (S.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Valeria Blanda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (S.V.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Vullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (S.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnostic and Biological Research (CLADIBIOR), BIND, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Università degli studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.L.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnostic and Biological Research (CLADIBIOR), BIND, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Università degli studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.L.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnostic and Biological Research (CLADIBIOR), BIND, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Università degli studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.L.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.D.L.); (G.S.)
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Guido Sireci
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnostic and Biological Research (CLADIBIOR), BIND, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, Università degli studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.L.M.); (M.S.A.); (D.D.L.); (G.S.)
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Ahn H, Kim J, Lee H, Lee E, Lee GS. Characterization of equine inflammasomes and their regulation. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:51-59. [PMID: 32297137 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome, a cytosolic multi-protein complex, assembly is a response to sensing intracellular pathogenic and endogenic danger signals followed by caspase-1 activation, which maturates precursor cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β. Most inflammasome research has been undertaken in humans and rodents, and inflammasomes in veterinary species have not been well-characterized. In this study, we observed the effects of well-known inflammasome activators on equine peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). The NLRP3 inflammasome triggers include ATP, nigericin, aluminum crystals, and monosodium urate crystals, and NLRP3 activation induces IL-1β secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Activators of NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes include cytosolic flagellin and dsDNA, and their activation induces IL-1β secretion. The bacterial inflammasome triggers Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes also induce IL-β releases. To elucidate the role of potassium efflux as an upstream signal of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, equine PBMCs were treated with blockers of potassium efflux in the presence of NLRP3 triggers. As a result, the IL-1β secretion stemming from equine NLRP3 inflammasome activation was not completely attenuated by the inhibition of potassium efflux. Taken together, the results indicate that equine PBMCs normally secrete IL-1β in response to well-known inflammasome activators, although equine NLRP3 inflammasome activation might not be dependent on potassium efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Sreekantapuram S, Lehnert T, Prauße MTE, Berndt A, Berens C, Figge MT, Jacobsen ID. Dynamic Interplay of Host and Pathogens in an Avian Whole-Blood Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:500. [PMID: 32296424 PMCID: PMC7136455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial survival in blood is an essential step toward the development of disseminated diseases and blood stream infections. For poultry, however, little is known about the interactions of host cells and pathogens in blood. We established an ex vivo chicken whole-blood infection assay as a tool to analyze interactions between host cells and three model pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Following a systems biology approach, we complemented the experimental measurements with functional and quantitative immune characteristics by virtual infection modeling. All three pathogens were killed in whole blood, but each to a different extent and with different kinetics. Monocytes, and to a lesser extent heterophils, associated with pathogens. Both association with host cells and transcriptional activation of genes encoding immune-associated functions differed depending on both the pathogen and the genetic background of the chickens. Our results provide first insights into quantitative interactions of three model pathogens with different immune cell populations in avian blood, demonstrating a broad spectrum of different characteristics during the immune response that depends on the pathogen and the chicken line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravya Sreekantapuram
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Lehnert
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria T E Prauße
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institut, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Berndt
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Research Group Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institut, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institut, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Melendez P, Ramirez R, Marin MP, Duchens M, Pinedo P. Comparison between linseed expeller and canola expeller on concentrate intake, and circulating inflammatory mediators in Holstein calves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:47-53. [PMID: 32211528 PMCID: PMC7082647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of linseed and canola expeller on average daily weight gain (ADG), concentrate intakes, incidence of diarrhea, serum haptoglobin, interleukin (IL)-1, and resolvin-E1 in female Holstein calves from birth to weaning. A sample size of 20 calves per group was calculated and were randomly allocated at the time of birth. Linseed group (LIN) was fed a starter with linseed expeller, while canola group (CAN) received a similar concentrate, but with canola expeller. Both expellers were included at a rate of 25% dry matter (DM) basis of the starter. Pasteurized waste milk was fed twice a day until weaning. Calves were weighed at birth, 30, and 60 d of age. Starter intake was evaluated daily from 5 to 60 d. A blood sample was obtained at birth, 14, 28, 35, and 49 d of age, and bovine serum resolvin-E1, haptoglobin, and IL-1 were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Incidence of diarrhea and the duration of the events were also recorded. The effect of the interaction group by time on body weight (BW) and starter intake was not significant (P > 0.05). Average daily gains (ADG) from 0 to 60 d for CAN and LIN groups were 0.680 and 0.675 kg/d (P > 0.05), respectively. Incidences of diarrhea were 25% and 45% for CAN and LIN groups, respectively (P = 0.18). LIN group had greater concentrations of IL-1 at d 21, haptoglobin at d 7, and resolving-E1 at d 14 and 49 than CAN group, respectively. It is concluded that BW at weaning, ADG, and concentrate intakes were not different between groups fed starters containing linseed or canola expeller (25% inclusion). The concentrations of cytokines and haptoglobin were the greatest in LIN group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Melendez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Romina Ramirez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - María P Marin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mario Duchens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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13
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Cordsmeier A, Wagner N, Lührmann A, Berens C. Defying Death - How Coxiella burnetii Copes with Intentional Host Cell Suicide. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:619-628. [PMID: 31866777 PMCID: PMC6913804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of the worldwide zoonotic disease Q fever. This Gram-negative bacterium infects macrophages where it establishes a replicative niche in an acidic and phagolysosome-like vacuole. Establishing and maintaining the niche requires a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS) which translocates multiple effector proteins into the host cell. These effector proteins act by manipulating diverse cellular processes allowing the bacterium to establish an infection and complete its complex biphasic developmental cycle. The lengthy nature of this life cycle suggests that C. burnetii has to successfully deal with cellular defense processes. Cell death is one mechanism infected cells frequently utilize to control or to at least minimize the impact of an infection. To date, four effector proteins have been identified in C. burnetii, which interfere with the induction of cell death. Three, AnkG, CaeA, and CaeB, affect intrinsic apoptosis, CaeA additionally extrinsic apoptosis. The proteins target different steps of the apoptotic pathway and are not conserved among isolates suggesting redundancy as an important feature of cell death inhibition. The fourth effector protein, IcaA, interferes with the non-canonical pathway of pyroptosis, an important inflammatory cell death pathway for controlling infectious disease. Autophagy is relevant for the C. burnetii life-cycle, but to which extent autophagic cell death is a factor in bacterial survival and proliferation is still not clear. To convincingly understand how bacterial manipulation of autophagy affects cell death either directly or indirectly will require further experiments. Collectively, C. burnetii modulates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and non-canonical pyroptosis to inhibit host cell death, thereby providing a stable, intracellular niche for the course of the pathogen's infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Cordsmeier
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institut für molekulare Pathogenese, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Lührmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Berens
- Institut für molekulare Pathogenese, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Christian Berens, Institut für molekulare Pathogenese, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Tel: +49-3641-804-2500, Fax: +49-3641-804-2482, E-mail:
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14
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Vrentas CE, Boggiatto PM, Olsen SC, Leppla SH, Moayeri M. Characterization of the NLRP1 inflammasome response in bovine species. Innate Immun 2019; 26:301-311. [PMID: 31711335 PMCID: PMC7251794 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919886649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes act as sensors of infection or damage to initiate immune responses.
While extensively studied in rodents, understanding of livestock inflammasomes
is limited. The NLRP1 inflammasome sensor in rodents is activated by
Toxoplasma gondii, Bacillus anthracis
lethal toxin (LT), and potentially other zoonotic pathogens. LT activates NLRP1
by N-terminal proteolysis, inducing macrophage pyroptosis and a pro-inflammatory
cytokine response. In contrast, NLRP1 in macrophages from humans and certain
rodent strains is resistant to LT cleavage, and pyroptosis is not induced.
Evolution of NLRP1 sequences towards those leading to pyroptosis is of interest
in understanding innate immune responses in different hosts. We characterized
NLRP1 in cattle (Bos taurus) and American bison (Bison
bison). Bovine NLRP1 is not cleaved by LT, and cattle and bison
macrophages do not undergo toxin-induced pyroptosis. Additionally, we found a
predicted Nlrp1 splicing isoform in cattle macrophages lacking
the N-terminal domain. Resistance to LT in bovine and human NLRP1 correlates
with evolutionary sequence similarity to rodents. Consistent with LT-resistant
rodents, bovine macrophages undergo a slower non-pyroptotic death in the
presence of LPS and LT. Overall, our findings support the model that NLRP1
activation by LT requires N-terminal cleavage, and provide novel information on
mechanisms underlying immune response diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Vrentas
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Unit, National Animal Disease
Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames,
USA
- Catherine E Vrentas, Infectious Bacterial
Diseases Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US
Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Unit, National Animal Disease
Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames,
USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Unit, National Animal Disease
Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames,
USA
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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15
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Liu N, Lin L, Wang JQ, Zhang FK, Wang JP. Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation reduced Salmonella Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3158-3164. [PMID: 30895324 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested whether tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) supplementation could influence the growth performance, Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) load, inflammasomes, cytokines, and chemokines in broilers. Treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial design, including negative control (NC), S. Typhimurium challenge (SC), and NC/SC + TMP (150 mg/kg of diet). The trial lasted for 28 D, and S. Typhimurium subclinical challenge was occurred on day 8. The results showed that S. Typhimurium challenge worsened (P < 0.05) growth performance, S. Typhimurium load in intestinal digesta and visceral tissues, intestinal inflammatory responses, and permeability compared to the NC treatment. TMP supplementation increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency by 4.3 to 12.0%, but decreased (P < 0.05) S. Typhimurium load by 5.4 to 45.8%, inflammasomes (caspase-1/3/9, gasdermin A/E, and nod-like receptor protein 3) by 25.0 to 59.0%, chemokines (C-C motif ligand 2 and C-X-C motif 10) by 40.2 to 47.2%, intestinal permeability by 28.2% compared to the SC treatment. The TMP also reduced inflammatory response by influencing tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β/4/6. Factorial analysis indicated that TMP and SC were interactive (P < 0.05) on most parameters due to the more pronounced TMP effect in S. Typhimurium challenge groups. It is concluded that TMP can promote growth and mitigate S. Typhimurium infection by reducing the S. Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - L Lin
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - J Q Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - F K Zhang
- Luoyang Xintai Agro-pastoral Technology Co., Ltd, Luoyang 471400, China
| | - J P Wang
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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