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Domínguez-Odio A, Delgado DLC. Global commercialization and research of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida: 2015-2022 technological surveillance. Vet World 2023; 16:946-956. [PMID: 37576757 PMCID: PMC10420726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.946-956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal production. The study aimed to evaluate the current status and scientific trends related to veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015-2022 period. Material and Methods The characteristics of globally marketed vaccines were investigated based on the official websites of 22 pharmaceutical companies. VOSviewer® 1.6.18 was used to visualize networks of coauthorship and cooccurrence of keywords from papers published in English and available in Scopus. Results Current commercial vaccines are mostly inactivated (81.7%), adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide (57.8%), and designed to immunize cattle (33.0%). Investigational vaccines prioritize the inclusion of attenuated strains, peptide fragments, recombinant proteins, DNA as antigens, aluminum compounds as adjuvants and poultry as the target species. Conclusion Despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the commercial dominance of inactivated and aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines in the short term (3-5 years). The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in animal production are promising, with advancements in vaccine formulation and genetic engineering, they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the industry. It is necessary to continue with the studies to improve the efficacy of the vaccines and their availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aníbal Domínguez-Odio
- Dirección de Ciencia e Innovación. Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM. Avenida Independencia km 16½, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Daniel Leonardo Cala Delgado
- Animal Science Research Group, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Bucaramanga, Carrera 33 N°, 30ª-05 (4.162,49 km) 68000, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Qiu R, Wei H, Hu B, Chen M, Song Y, Xu W, Fan Z, Wang F. Experimental pathogenicity and comparative genome analysis of high- and low-virulence strains of rabbit-origin Pasteurella multocida. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101889. [PMID: 36306714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, the causative pathogen of rabbit pasteurellosis, causes significant economic losses in the commercial rabbit industry. However, the associated pathogenic mechanism of P. multocida remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare the genomes and pathogenicity of high- and low-virulence strains of P. multocida to advance the current understanding of rabbit pasteurellosis. The high-virulence strain rapidly proliferates in the lung and spleen of infected mice within approximately 9 h, maintaining a high bacterial load until host death. Meanwhile, the low-virulence strain only proliferates in mouse organs for a short time, with the bacterial load beginning to decrease 13 h post-infection. Moreover, the expressions of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β are upregulated in all infected mouse lung and spleen tissue, however, the high-virulence strain induced significantly higher expression than the low-virulence strain. Histopathological analysis revealed greater inflammation and tissue lesions in the lung and spleen of mice infected with the high-virulence strain. Two pathogenicity-associated regions unique to the genome of the high-virulence strain harbor approximately 199 genes, including functional genes related to virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, iron acquisition, biosynthesis of outer membrane proteins, and adhesion. These two genomic regions are shared by three previously sequenced, highly virulent P. multocida strains in rabbits. In conclusion, the increased pathogenicity of high-virulence P. multocida may be due to the presence of virulence-associated genes in two unique genomic regions, resulting in strong proliferative activity, significant inflammation, and pathological lesions in the mouse model. These findings provide important insights regarding the pathogenic mechanism underlying rabbit pasteurellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Qiu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Houjun Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanhua Song
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weizhong Xu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Cowick CA, Russ BP, Bales AR, Nanduri B, Meyer F. Mannheimia haemolytica Negatively Affects Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1.1 Replication Capacity In Vitro. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112158. [PMID: 36363750 PMCID: PMC9697469 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a multifactorial condition affecting cattle worldwide resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality. The disease can be triggered by Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection, stress, and the subsequent proliferation and lung colonization by commensal bacteria such as Mannheimia haemolytica, ultimately inducing severe pneumonic inflammation. Due to its polymicrobial nature, the study of BRD microbes requires co-infection models. While several past studies have mostly focused on the effects of co-infection on host gene expression, we focused on the relationship between BRD pathogens during co-infection, specifically on M. haemolytica’s effect on BoHV-1 replication. This study shows that M. haemolytica negatively impacts BoHV-1 replication in a dose-dependent manner in different in vitro models. The negative effect was observed at very low bacterial doses while increasing the viral dose counteracted this effect. Viral suppression was also dependent on the time at which each microbe was introduced to the cell culture. While acidification of the culture medium did not grossly affect cell viability, it significantly inhibited viral replication. We conclude that M. haemolytica and BoHV-1 interaction is dose and time-sensitive, wherein M. haemolytica proliferation induces significant viral suppression when the viral replication program is not fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn A. Cowick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Brynnan P. Russ
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Anna R. Bales
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Florencia Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 408 Dorman Hall, 32 Creelman St., Box 9655, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(662)-325-2640; Fax: +1-(662)-325-8955
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4
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An Q, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Wu H, Liu A, Chen Z, Li B, Chen J, Zheng Y, Man C, Wang F, Chen Q, Du L. The mRNA and miRNA profiles of goat bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by Pasteurella multocida strains of serotype A and D. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13047. [PMID: 35321408 PMCID: PMC8935994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a zoonotic bacterium that predominantly colonizes the respiratory tract and lungs of a variety of farmed and wild animals, and causes severe respiratory disease. To investigate the characteristics of the host immune response induced by P. multocida strains of serotype A and D, high-throughput mRNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq were performed to analyze the changes in goat bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by these two serotypes of P. multocida for 4 h. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate the randomly selected genes and miRNAs. The results revealed 204 and 117 differentially expressed mRNAs (|log2(Fold-change)| ≥ 1, p-value < 0.05) in the P. multocida serotype A and D stimulated groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the number of differentially expressed miRNAs (|log2(Fold-change)| > 0.1, p-value < 0.05) were 269 and 290, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed 13 GO terms (p-value < 0.05) and four KEGG pathways (p-value < 0.05) associated with immunity. In the serotype A-stimulated group, the immune-related pathways were the GABAergic synapse and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, while in the serotype D-stimulated group, the immune-related pathways were the phagosome and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Based on the predicted results of TargetScan and miRanda, the differentially expressed mRNA-miRNA network of immune-related GO terms and KEGG pathways was constructed. According to the cell morphological changes and the significant immune-related KEGG pathways, it was speculated that the P. multocida serotype D strain-stimulated goat bronchial epithelial cells may induce a cellular immune response earlier than serotype A-stimulated cells. Our study provides valuable insight into the host immune response mechanism induced by P. multocida strains of serotype A and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Luyin Zhang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ang Liu
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Churiga Man
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Du
- Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Lab of Haikou, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Srinath BS, Shastry RP, Kumar SB. Role of gut-lung microbiome crosstalk in COVID-19. RESEARCH ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC7685301 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-020-00113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Makoschey B, Berge AC. Review on bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza - usual suspects in bovine respiratory disease - a narrative review. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:261. [PMID: 34332574 PMCID: PMC8325295 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus (BRSV) and Bovine Parainfluenza 3 virus (BPIV3) are closely related viruses involved in and both important pathogens within bovine respiratory disease (BRD), a major cause of morbidity with economic losses in cattle populations around the world. The two viruses share characteristics such as morphology and replication strategy with each other and with their counterparts in humans, HRSV and HPIV3. Therefore, BRSV and BPIV3 infections in cattle are considered useful animal models for HRSV and HPIV3 infections in humans. The interaction between the viruses and the different branches of the host’s immune system is rather complex. Neutralizing antibodies seem to be a correlate of protection against severe disease, and cell-mediated immunity is thought to be essential for virus clearance following acute infection. On the other hand, the host’s immune response considerably contributes to the tissue damage in the upper respiratory tract. BRSV and BPIV3 also have similar pathobiological and epidemiological features. Therefore, combination vaccines against both viruses are very common and a variety of traditional live attenuated and inactivated BRSV and BPIV3 vaccines are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Makoschey
- Intervet International BV/MSD-Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat, 5831AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Catharina Berge
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Studer E, Schönecker L, Meylan M, Stucki D, Dijkman R, Holwerda M, Glaus A, Becker J. Prevalence of BRD-Related Viral Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Swiss Veal Calves. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1940. [PMID: 34209718 PMCID: PMC8300226 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of bovine respiratory disease is important, as it may lead to impaired welfare, economic losses, and considerable antimicrobial use, which can be associated with antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of respiratory viruses and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. A convenience sample of 764 deep nasopharyngeal swab samples from veal calves was screened by PCR for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), influenza D virus (IDV), and influenza C virus (ICV). The following prevalence rates were observed: BRSV, 2.1%; BPI3V, 3.3%; BCoV, 53.5%; IDV, 4.1%; ICV, 0%. Logistic mixed regression models were built for BCoV to explore associations with calf management and housing. Positive swab samples were more frequent in younger calves than older calves (>100 days; p < 0.001). The probability of detecting BCoV increased with increasing group size in young calves. Findings from this study suggested that young calves should be fattened in small groups to limit the risk of occurrence of BCoV, although an extended spectrum of risk factors for viral associated respiratory disorders such as nutritional aspects should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Studer
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.S.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Lutz Schönecker
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.S.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Meylan
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.S.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitri Stucki
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.S.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (R.D.); (M.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (R.D.); (M.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Glaus
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (R.D.); (M.H.); (A.G.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Becker
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.S.); (L.S.); (M.M.); (D.S.)
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Goecke NB, Nielsen BH, Petersen MB, Larsen LE. Design of a High-Throughput Real-Time PCR System for Detection of Bovine Respiratory and Enteric Pathogens. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:677993. [PMID: 34250065 PMCID: PMC8267094 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.677993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory and enteric diseases have a profound negative impact on animal, health, welfare, and productivity. A vast number of viruses and bacteria are associated with the diseases. Pathogen detection using real-time PCR (rtPCR) assays performed on traditional rtPCR platforms are costly and time consuming and by that limit the use of diagnostics in bovine medicine. To diminish these limitations, we have developed a high-throughput rtPCR system (BioMark HD; Fluidigm) for simultaneous detection of the 11 most important respiratory and enteric viral and bacterial pathogens. The sensitivity and specificity of the rtPCR assays on the high-throughput platform was comparable with that of the traditional rtPCR platform. Pools consisting of positive and negative individual field samples were tested in the high-throughput rtPCR system in order to investigate the effect of an individual sample in a pool. The pool tests showed that irrespective of the size of the pool, a high-range positive individual sample had a high influence on the cycle quantification value of the pool compared with the influence of a low-range positive individual sample. To validate the test on field samples, 2,393 nasal swab and 2,379 fecal samples were tested on the high-throughput rtPCR system as pools in order to determine the occurrence of the 11 pathogens in 100 Danish herds (83 dairy and 17 veal herds). In the dairy calves, Pasteurella multocida (38.4%), rotavirus A (27.4%), Mycoplasma spp. (26.2%), and Trueperella pyogenes (25.5%) were the most prevalent pathogens, while P. multocida (71.4%), Mycoplasma spp. (58.9%), Mannheimia haemolytica (53.6%), and Mycoplasma bovis (42.9%) were the most often detected pathogens in the veal calves. The established high-throughput system provides new possibilities for analysis of bovine samples, since the system enables testing of multiple samples for the presence of different pathogens in the same analysis test even with reduced costs and turnover time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Goecke
- Centre for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil H Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette B Petersen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Johnston D, Earley B, McCabe MS, Kim J, Taylor JF, Lemon K, McMenamy M, Duffy C, Cosby SL, Waters SM. Elucidation of the Host Bronchial Lymph Node miRNA Transcriptome Response to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Front Genet 2021; 12:633125. [PMID: 33968129 PMCID: PMC8100685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, affecting cattle of all ages. One of the main causes of BRD is an initial inflammatory response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). MicroRNAs are novel and emerging non-coding small RNAs that regulate many biological processes and are implicated in various inflammatory diseases. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the changes in the bovine bronchial lymph node miRNA transcriptome in response to BRSV following an experimental viral challenge. Holstein-Friesian calves were either administered a challenge dose of BRSV (103.5 TCID50/ml × 15 ml) (n = 12) or were mock inoculated with sterile phosphate buffered saline (n = 6). Daily scoring of clinical signs was performed and calves were euthanized at day 7 post-challenge. Bronchial lymph nodes were collected for subsequent RNA extraction and sequencing (75 bp). Read counts for known miRNAs were generated using the miRDeep2 package using the UMD3.1 reference genome and the bovine mature miRNA sequences from the miRBase database (release 22). EdgeR was used for differential expression analysis and Targetscan was used to identify target genes for the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. Target genes were examined for enriched pathways and gene ontologies using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen). Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) based on miRNA gene expression changes, revealed a clearly defined separation between the BRSV challenged and control calves, although the clinical manifestation of disease was only mild. One hundred and nineteen DE miRNAs (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.1, fold change > 1.5) were detected between the BRSV challenged and control calves. The DE miRNAs were predicted to target 465 genes which were previously found to be DE in bronchial lymph node tissue, between these BRSV challenged and control calves. Of the DE predicted target genes, 455 had fold changes that were inverse to the corresponding DE miRNAs. There were eight enriched pathways among the DE predicted target genes with inverse fold changes to their corresponding DE miRNA including: granulocyte and agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, interferon signalling and role of pathogen recognition receptors in recognition of bacteria and viruses. Functions predicted to be increased included: T cell response, apoptosis of leukocytes, immune response of cells and stimulation of cells. Pathogen recognition and proliferation of cytotoxic T cells are vital for the recognition of the virus and its subsequent elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayle Johnston
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Matthew S. McCabe
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ken Lemon
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael McMenamy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - S. Louise Cosby
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
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Smith E, Miller E, Aguayo JM, Figueroa CF, Nezworski J, Studniski M, Wileman B, Johnson T. Genomic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249138. [PMID: 33822782 PMCID: PMC8023445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a bacterial pathogen with the ability to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. This study used bioinformatic approaches to explore the genomic diversity of 656 P. multocida isolates and epidemiological associations between host factors and specific genotypes. Isolates included in this study originated from a variety of hosts, including poultry, cattle, swine, rabbits, rodents, and humans, from five different continents. Multi-locus sequence typing identified 69 different sequence types. In-silico methodology for determining capsular serogroup was developed, validated, and applied to all genome sequences, whereby capsular serogroups A, B, D, and F were found. Whole genome phylogeny was constructed from 237,670 core single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and demonstrated an overall lack of host or capsular serogroup specificity, with the exception of isolates from bovine sources. Specific SNVs within the srlB gene were identified in P. multocida subsp. septica genomes, representing specific mutations that may be useful for differentiating one of the three known subspecies. Significant associations were identified between capsular serogroup and virulence factors, including capsular serogroup A and OmpH1, OmpH3, PlpE, and PfhB1; capsular serogroup B and HgbA and PtfA; and capsular serogroup F and PtfA and PlpP. Various mobile genetic elements were identified including those similar to ICEPmu1, ICEhin1056, and IncQ1 plasmids, all of which harbored multiple antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes. Additional analyses were performed on a subset of 99 isolates obtained from turkeys during fowl cholera outbreaks from a single company which revealed that multiple strains of P. multocida were circulating during the outbreak, instead of a single, highly virulent clone. This study further demonstrates the extensive genomic diversity of P. multocida, provides epidemiological context to the various genotyping schemes that have traditionally been used for differentiating isolates, and introduces additional tools for P. multocida molecular typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Jeannette Munoz Aguayo
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cristian Flores Figueroa
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jill Nezworski
- Blue House Veterinary LLC, Buffalo Lake, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Ben Wileman
- Select Genetics, Willmar, MN, United States of America
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota, United States of America
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11
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The Bacterial and Viral Agents of BRDC: Immune Evasion and Vaccine Developments. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040337. [PMID: 33916119 PMCID: PMC8066859 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of cattle which presents as bacterial and viral pneumonia. The causative agents of BRDC work in synergy to suppress the host immune response and increase the colonisation of the lower respiratory tracts by pathogenic bacteria. Environmental stress and/or viral infection predispose cattle to secondary bacterial infections via suppression of key innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. This allows bacteria to descend the respiratory tract unchallenged. BRDC is the costliest disease among feedlot cattle, and whilst vaccines exist for individual pathogens, there is still a lack of evidence for the efficacy of these vaccines and uncertainty surrounding the optimum timing of delivery. This review outlines the immunosuppressive actions of the individual pathogens involved in BRDC and highlights the key issues in the development of vaccinations against them.
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12
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Bovine respiratory coronavirus enhances bacterial adherence by upregulating expression of cellular receptors on bovine respiratory epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109017. [PMID: 33639390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the agents causing bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), with single infection tending to be mild to moderate; the probability of developing pneumonia in BRDC may be affected by viral and bacterial combinations. Previously, we reported that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection enhances adherence of Pasteurella multocida (PM) to cells derived from the bovine lower respiratory tract but that BRSV infection in cells derived from the upper respiratory tract reduces PM adherence. In this study, we sought to clarify whether the modulation of bacterial adherence to cells derived from the bovine upper and lower respiratory tract is shared by other BRDC-related viruses by infecting bovine epithelial cells from the trachea, bronchus and lung with BCoV and/or PM. The results showed that cells derived from both the upper and lower respiratory tract were susceptible to BCoV infection. Furthermore, all cells infected with BCoV exhibited increased PM adherence via upregulation of two major bacterial adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R), suggesting that compared with BRSV infection, BCoV infection differentially modulates bacterial adherence. In summary, we identified distinct interaction between bovine respiratory viruses and bacterial infections.
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13
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Hanchanachai N, Chumnanpuen P, E-Kobon T. Interaction study of Pasteurella multocida with culturable aerobic bacteria isolated from porcine respiratory tracts using coculture in conditioned media. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:19. [PMID: 33422011 PMCID: PMC7796573 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The porcine respiratory tract harbours multiple microorganisms, and the interactions between these organisms could be associated with animal health status. Pasteurella multocida is a culturable facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from healthy and diseased porcine respiratory tracts. The interaction between P. multocida and other aerobic commensal bacteria in the porcine respiratory tract is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the interactions between porcine P. multocida capsular serotype A and D strains and other culturable aerobic bacteria isolated from porcine respiratory tracts using a coculture assay in conditioned media followed by calculation of the growth rates and interaction parameters. Results One hundred and sixteen bacterial samples were isolated from five porcine respiratory tracts, and 93 isolates were identified and phylogenetically classified into fourteen genera based on 16S rRNA sequences. Thirteen isolates from Gram-negative bacterial genera and two isolates from the Gram-positive bacterial genus were selected for coculture with P. multocida. From 17 × 17 (289) interaction pairs, the majority of 220 pairs had negative interactions indicating competition for nutrients and space, while 17 pairs were identified as mild cooperative or positive interactions indicating their coexistence. All conditioned media, except those of Acinetobacter, could inhibit P. multocida growth. Conversely, the conditioned media of P. multocida also inhibited the growth of nine isolates plus themselves. Conclusion Negative interaction was the major interactions among the coculture of these 15 representative isolates and the coculture with P. multocida. The conditioned media in this study might be further analysed to identify critical molecules and examined by the in vivo experiments. The study proposed the possibility of using these molecules in conditioned media to control P. multocida growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02071-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonzee Hanchanachai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pramote Chumnanpuen
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Teerasak E-Kobon
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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14
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Sudaryatma PE, Saito A, Mekata H, Kubo M, Fahkrajang W, Mazimpaka E, Okabayashi T. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Enhances the Adherence of Pasteurella multocida to Bovine Lower Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells by Upregulating the Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1676. [PMID: 32849350 PMCID: PMC7411089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfection by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) frequently has been observed in cattle that develop severe pneumonia. We recently reported that BRSV infection significantly increased PM adherence to bovine lower respiratory tract epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of enhanced PM adherence are not completely understood. To investigate whether BRSV infection regulates any cellular adherence receptors on bovine bronchus- and lung-epithelial cells, we performed proteomic and functional analyses. The proteomic analysis showed that BRSV infection increased the accumulation of the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in both cell types. Molecular experiments, including specific blockade, knockdown, and overexpression of PAFR, indicated that PM adherence to these cell types depended on PAFR expression. These findings highlight the role, in cattle with severe pneumonia, of the synergistic effect of coinfection by BRSV and PM in the lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Meiko Kubo
- Takazaki Meat Inspection Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Watcharapong Fahkrajang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eugene Mazimpaka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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15
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Sudaryatma PE, Saito A, Mekata H, Kubo M, Fahkrajang W, Okabayashi T. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Decreased Pasteurella multocida Adherence by Downregulating the Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 on the Surface of Upper Respiratory Epithelial Cells. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108748. [PMID: 32605748 PMCID: PMC7265823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic infection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) may predispose cattle to develop severe pneumonia. Previously, we reported that BRSV infection significantly decreased PM adherence to the upper respiratory epithelial cells. It may allow bacteria to invade into the lower respiratory tract and lead to severe pneumonia. To investigate whether BRSV infection regulates the cell surface adherence receptor on bovine trachea epithelial cells (bTECs), we performed proteomic and functional analyses. BRSV infection decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) on bTECs. Inhibition and knockdown experiments using anti-ICAM1 antibody and siRNAs targeting ICAM1 indicated that PM adherence to bTECs was dependent on ICAM1 expression. These data suggest that under normal conditions bTECs may capture PM in the upper respiratory tract, while BRSV infection reverses this mechanism. The proposed gateway function of bTECs is disrupted by BRSV infection that may facilitate bacterial invasion into the lower respiratory tract and lead to secondary or more severe respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Meiko Kubo
- Takazaki Meat Inspection Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Watcharapong Fahkrajang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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16
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McGill JL, Sacco RE. The Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Recent Advancements. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:333-348. [PMID: 32327252 PMCID: PMC7170797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1907 ISU C-Drive, VMRI Building 5, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Services, USDA, PO Box 70, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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17
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Mekata H, Hamabe S, Sudaryatma PE, Kobayashi I, Kanno T, Okabayashi T. Molecular epidemiological survey and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory coronavirus in Japan from 2016 to 2018. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:726-730. [PMID: 32269197 PMCID: PMC7324836 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an etiological agent of bovine respiratory disease (BRD).
BRD is a costly illness worldwide; thus, epidemiological surveys of BCoV are important.
Here, we conducted a molecular epidemiological survey of BCoV in respiratory-diseased and
healthy cattle in Japan from 2016 to 2018. We found that 21.2% (58/273) of the
respiratory-diseased cattle were infected with BCoV. The respiratory-diseased cattle had
virus amounts 4.7 times higher than those in the asymptomatic cattle. Phylogenetic
analyses showed that the BCoV identified in Japan after 2005 formed an individual lineage
that was distinct from the strains found in other countries. These results suggest that
BCoV is epidemic and has evolved uniquely in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Mekata
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Saori Hamabe
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kobayashi
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0121, Japan
| | - Toru Kanno
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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18
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Pansri P, Katholm J, Krogh KM, Aagaard AK, Schmidt LMB, Kudirkiene E, Larsen LE, Olsen JE. Evaluation of novel multiplex qPCR assays for diagnosis of pathogens associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet J 2020; 256:105425. [PMID: 32113583 PMCID: PMC7110767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex is the most common disease requiring the use of antimicrobials in industrial calf production worldwide. Pathogenic bacteria (Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), Histophilus somni (Hs), and Mycoplasma bovis) and a range of viruses (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1) are associated with this complex. As most of these pathogens can be present in healthy and diseased calves, simple detection of their presence in diseased calves carries low predictive value. In other multi-agent diseases of livestock, quantification of pathogens has added substantially to the predictive value of microbiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of two recently developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) kits (Pneumo4B and Pneumo4V) to detect and quantify these bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively. Test efficiencies of the qPCR assays, based on nucleic acid dilution series of target bacteria and viruses, were 93-106% and 91-104%, respectively, with assay detection limits of 10-50 copies of nucleic acids. All 44 strains of target bacteria were correctly identified, with no false positive reactions in 135strains of non-target bacterial species. Based on standard curves of log10 CFU versus cycle threshold (Ct) values, quantification was possible over a 5-log range of bacteria. In 92 tracheal aspirate samples, the kappa values for agreement between Pneumo4B and bacterial culture were 0.64-0.84 for Mh, Pm and Hs. In an additional 84 tracheal aspirates, agreement between Pneumo4B or Pneumo 4V and certified diagnostic qPCR assays was moderate (0.57) for M. bovis and high (0.71-0.90) for viral pathogens. Thus Pneumo4 kits specifically detected and quantified the relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pansri
- DNA Diagnostic, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | - K M Krogh
- LVK Veterinary Cattle Practice, Hobro, Denmark
| | - A K Aagaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L M B Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L E Larsen
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark.
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19
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Experimental challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy calves: bronchial lymph node transcriptome response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14736. [PMID: 31611566 PMCID: PMC6791843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the leading cause of mortality in calves. The objective of this study was to examine the response of the host’s bronchial lymph node transcriptome to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) in a controlled viral challenge. Holstein-Friesian calves were either inoculated with virus (103.5 TCID50/ml × 15 ml) (n = 12) or mock challenged with phosphate buffered saline (n = 6). Clinical signs were scored daily and blood was collected for haematology counts, until euthanasia at day 7 post-challenge. RNA was extracted and sequenced (75 bp paired-end) from bronchial lymph nodes. Sequence reads were aligned to the UMD3.1 bovine reference genome and differential gene expression analysis was performed using EdgeR. There was a clear separation between BRSV challenged and control calves based on gene expression changes, despite an observed mild clinical manifestation of the disease. Therefore, measuring host gene expression levels may be beneficial for the diagnosis of subclinical BRD. There were 934 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (p < 0.05, FDR <0.1, fold change >2) between the BRSV challenged and control calves. Over-represented gene ontology terms, pathways and molecular functions, among the DEG, were associated with immune responses. The top enriched pathways included interferon signaling, granzyme B signaling and pathogen pattern recognition receptors, which are responsible for the cytotoxic responses necessary to eliminate the virus.
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20
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Fu S, Zhao W, Xiong C, Guo L, Guo J, Qiu Y, Hu CAA, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Hou Y. Baicalin modulates apoptosis via RAGE, MAPK, and AP-1 in vascular endothelial cells during Haemophilus parasuis invasion. Innate Immun 2019; 25:420-432. [PMID: 31271085 PMCID: PMC6900640 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919856078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glässer’s disease, caused by Haemophilus parasuis, is a chronic
disease related to an inflammatory immune response. Baicalin exerts important
biological functions. In this study, we explored the protective efficacy of
treatment with baicalin and the potential mechanism of activation of the MAPK
signaling pathway in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) induced
by H. parasuis. H. parasuis stimulated
expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products, induced a
significant increase in the level of protein kinase-α and protein kinase-δ
phosphorylation, and significantly up-regulated ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase,
and p38 phosphorylation in PAVECs. H. parasuis also
up-regulated the levels of apoptotic genes (Bax,
C-myc, and Fasl) and the expression levels
of c-Jun and c-Fos, and induced S-phase arrest in PAVECs. However, treatment
with baicalin inhibited expression of RAGE, suppressed H.
parasuis-induced protein kinase-α and protein kinase-δ
phosphorylation, reduced ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 phosphorylation,
down-regulated apoptotic genes (Bax, C-myc,
and Fasl), attenuated phospho-c-Jun production from the
extracellular to the nuclei, and reversed S-phase arrest in PAVECs. In
conclusion, baicalin treatment inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway, thereby
achieving its anti-inflammatory responses, which provides a new strategy to
control H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China
| | - Chunhong Xiong
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China
| | - Ling Guo
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,3 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chun Ye
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, PR China.,2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, PR China
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21
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Sudaryatma PE, Mekata H, Kubo M, Subangkit M, Goto Y, Okabayashi T. Co-infection of epithelial cells established from the upper and lower bovine respiratory tract with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bacteria. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:80-85. [PMID: 31282382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex is a major disease affecting the global cattle industry. Multiple infections by viruses and bacteria increase disease severity. Previously, we reported that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection increases adherence of Pasteurella multocida to human respiratory and bovine kidney epithelial cells. To examine the interaction between the virus and bacteria in bovine respiratory cells, we generated respiratory epithelial cell lines from bovine trachea (bTEC), bronchus (bBEC), and lung (bLEC). Although all established cell lines were infected by BRSV and P. multocida susceptibility differed according to site of origin. The cells derived from the lower respiratory tract (bBEC and bLEC) were significantly more susceptible to BRSV than those derived from the upper respiratory tract (bTEC). Pre-infection of bBEC and bLEC with BRSV increased adherence of P. multocida; this was not the case for bTEC. These results indicate that BRSV may reproduce better in the lower respiratory tract and encourage adherence of bacteria. Thus, we identify one possible mechanism underlying severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Meiko Kubo
- Miyakonojo Meat Inspection Centre Miyazaki Prefecture Government, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mawar Subangkit
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Goto
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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22
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Ran X, Meng XZ, Geng HL, Chang C, Chen X, Wen X, Ni H. Generation of porcine Pasteurella multocida ghost vaccine and examination of its immunogenicity against virulent challenge in mice. Microb Pathog 2019; 132:208-214. [PMID: 30980881 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (PM) causes a varity of clinical manifestation in domestic animals, even acute death. Vaccination is among effective strategy to prevent and control PM-related diseases. Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty bacterial envelopes, which sustain subtle antigenic comformation in bacterial outer-membrane and exhibit higher efficacy compared to inactivated vaccines. Here, a BG vaccine generated from the porcine PM reference strain CVCC446 (serotype B:2) was prepared upon lysis by E protein of bacteriophage PhiX174, and the safety and immunogenicity were evaluated its in a mouse model. Lysis rate was in 99.99% and the BG vaccine was completely inactivated by addition of freeze-dry procedure. Mice were immunized subcutaneously twice in 2-week intervals with BGs, or BGs plus adjuvant, or formalin-inactivated PM or an adjuvant control. Mice inoculated twice with BGs vaccines generated higher titer of antibodies, interleukin 4 and gamma interferon than those in the inactivated vaccine group or adjuvant placebo group (P < 0.05). CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte levels in spleen were higher in both BG groups than inactivated vaccine group or adjuvant group. Mice administered with the BGs plus adjuvant were completely protected against intraperitoneal challenge with 10 × LD50 dose of virulent isolate and exhibited decreased tissue lesion and lower bacterial loads, which was superior to the inactivated vaccine. The results demonstrated safety of the BG vaccine and primary immunogenicity in a mouse model, suggesting a potential of further evaluation in a pig model and vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Ran
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xiang-Zhu Meng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Hong-Li Geng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Chunlong Chang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China.
| | - Hongbo Ni
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No.5, XinFeng Rd., Saertu District, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, China.
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