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Bao R, Ma Z, Stanford K, McAllister TA, Niu YD. Antimicrobial Activities of α-Helix and β-Sheet Peptides against the Major Bovine Respiratory Disease Agent, Mannheimia haemolytica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4164. [PMID: 38673750 PMCID: PMC11050306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle raised in North America. At the feedlot, cattle are subject to metaphylactic treatment with macrolides to prevent BRD, a practice that may promote antimicrobial resistance and has resulted in an urgent need for novel strategies. Mannheimia haemolytica is one of the major bacterial agents of BRD. The inhibitory effects of two amphipathic, α-helical (PRW4, WRL3) and one β-sheet (WK2) antimicrobial peptides were evaluated against multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. haemolytica isolated from Alberta feedlots. WK2 was not cytotoxic against bovine turbinate (BT) cells by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. All three peptides inhibited M. haemolytica, with WK2 being the most efficacious against multiple isolates. At 8-16 µg/mL, WK2 was bactericidal against Mh 330 in broth, and at 32 µg/mL in the presence of BT cells, it reduced the population by 3 logs CFU/mL without causing cytotoxic effects. The membrane integrity of Mh 330 was examined using NPN (1-N-phenylnaphthylamine) and ONPG (o-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside), with both the inner and outer membranes being compromised. Thus, WK2 may be a viable alternative to the use of macrolides as part of BRD prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Bao
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
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Sorin-Dupont B, Picault S, Pardon B, Ezanno P, Assié S. Modeling the effects of farming practices on bovine respiratory disease in a multi-batch cattle fattening farm. Prev Vet Med 2023; 219:106009. [PMID: 37688889 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) affects young bulls, causing animal welfare and health concerns as well as economical costs. BRD is caused by an array of viruses and bacteria and also by environmental and abiotic factors. How farming practices influence the spread of these causal pathogens remains unclear. Our goal was to assess the impact of zootechnical practices on the spread of three causal agents of BRD, namely the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma bovis. In that extent, we used an individual based stochastic mechanistic model monitoring risk factors, infectious processes, detection and treatment in a farm possibly featuring several batches simultaneously. The model was calibrated with three sets of parameters relative to each of the three pathogens using data extracted from literature. Separated batches were found to be more effective than a unique large one for reducing the spread of pathogens, especially for BRSV and M.bovis. Moreover, it was found that allocating high risk and low risk individuals into separated batches participated in reducing cumulative incidence, epidemic peaks and antimicrobial usage, especially for M. bovis. Theses findings rise interrogations on the optimal farming practices in order to limit BRD occurrence and pave the way to models featuring coinfections and collective treatments p { line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.25 cm; background: transparent}a:link { color: #000080; text-decoration: underline}a.cjk:link { so-language: zxx}a.ctl:link { solanguage: zxx}.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bart Pardon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Sarchet JJ, Pollreisz JP, Bechtol DT, Blanding MR, Saltman RL, Taube PC. Limitations of bacterial culture, viral PCR, and tulathromycin susceptibility from upper respiratory tract samples in predicting clinical outcome of tulathromycin control or treatment of bovine respiratory disease in high-risk feeder heifers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0247213. [PMID: 35143504 PMCID: PMC8830659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional prospective cohort study including 1026 heifers administered tulathromycin due to high risk of clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), measured poor association between BRD clinical outcomes and results of bacterial culture and tulathromycin susceptibility from BRD isolates of deep nasopharyngeal swabs (DNS) and adequate association with viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from nasal swabs. Isolation rates from DNS collected on day-0 and at 1st BRD-treatment respectively were: Mannheimia haemolytica (10.9% & 34.1%); Pasteurella multocida (10.4% & 7.4%); Mycoplasma bovis (1.0% & 36.6%); and Histophilus somni (0.7% & 6.3%). Prevalence of BRD viral nucleic acid on nasal swabs collected exclusively at 1st BRD-treatment were: bovine parainfluenza virus type-3 (bPIV-3) 34.1%; bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 26.3%; bovine herpes virus type-1 (BHV-1) 10.8%; and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 54.1%. Increased relative risk, at 95% confidence intervals, of 1st BRD-treatment failure was associated with positive viral PCR results: BVDV 1.39 (1.17-1.66), bPIV-3 1.26 (1.06-1.51), BHV-1 1.52 (1.25-1.83), and BRSV 1.35 (1.11-1.63) from nasal swabs collected at 1st BRD-treatment and culture of M. haemolytica 1.23 (1.00-1.51) from DNS collected at day-0. However, in this population of high-risk feeder heifers, the predictive values of susceptible and resistant isolates had inadequate association with BRD clinical outcome. These results indicate, that using tulathromycin susceptibility testing of isolates of M. haemolytica or P. multocida from DNS collected on arrival or at 1st BRD-treatment to evaluate tulathromycin clinical efficacy, is unreliable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/drug therapy
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/microbiology
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex/pathology
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/drug therapy
- Cattle Diseases/microbiology
- Cattle Diseases/pathology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/metabolism
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/drug effects
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification
- Disaccharides/pharmacology
- Disaccharides/therapeutic use
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Mannheimia haemolytica/drug effects
- Mannheimia haemolytica/isolation & purification
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Nasopharynx/microbiology
- Nasopharynx/virology
- Pasteurella multocida/drug effects
- Pasteurella multocida/isolation & purification
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prospective Studies
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/drug effects
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Risk Factors
- Treatment Failure
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Sarchet
- Zoetis, Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Roger L. Saltman
- Zoetis, Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Taube
- Zoetis, Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey, United States of America
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4
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McMullen C, Alexander TW, Orsel K, Timsit E. Progression of nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial microbiotas of feedlot cattle during development of bovine respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108826. [PMID: 32891954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops, bacterial pathogens first proliferate in the nasopharynx and then colonize the lungs, leading to bronchopneumonia. However, such temporal changes have never been definitively demonstrated. Therefore, the objective was to describe the progression of the nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial microbiotas of feedlot cattle during development of BRD. Nasopharyngeal swabs and tracheal wash samples were collected from 24 heifers over 20 d after arrival at a feedlot. Heifers were assessed daily and sampled based on reticulo-rumen/rectal temperatures and development of clinical signs of BRD. The study end point for each heifer was either at BRD treatment (BRD group; n = 15) or day 20 if the heifer remained healthy or did not meet BRD treatment criteria (TOL group; n = 9). Total DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequenced. Alpha and beta diversity were compared between BRD-TOL groups and sampling locations over time. There were no common patterns of change over time in composition or diversity of either the nasopharyngeal or tracheal bacterial microbiotas of cattle that developed BRD. Health status affected bacterial composition (R2 = 0.043; < 0.001), though this effect was low compared to variation among individual animals (R2 = 0.335; < 0.001) and effects of days on feed (R2 = 0.082; < 0.001). Specific bacterial taxa (Moraxella and Mycoplasma dispar) nevertheless appeared to have a potential role in respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor W Alexander
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Edouard Timsit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Simpson Ranch Chair in Beef Cattle Health and Wellness, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Ceva Santé Animale, Libourne, France.
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Abstract
Changes in cattle feeding in the twentieth century led to the "Golden Age of Cattle Feeding" on the US High Plains; this was accompanied by recognition that bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of feedlot morbidity and mortality. Decades of research have illuminated the multiple viruses and bacteria that contribute to BRD, which led to vaccines and antimicrobials to prevent, treat, and control BRD. Despite these discoveries, feedlot BRD morbidities do not appear to have changed substantially over this time. New technologies are being developed that have the potential to improve accuracy of BRD detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Smith
- Veterinary Research and Consulting Services, LLC, 3404 Live Oak Lane, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
| | - Douglas L Step
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., 12940 North 124th East Avenue, Collinsville, OK 74021, USA
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
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7
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Kayser WC, Carstens GE, Parsons IL, Washburn KE, Lawhon SD, Pinchak WE, Chevaux E, Skidmore AL. Efficacy of statistical process control procedures to identify deviations in continuously measured physiologic and behavioral variables in beef steers experimentally challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa009. [PMID: 31930309 PMCID: PMC7023602 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine if statistical process control (SPC) procedures coupled with the remote continuous collection of feeding behavior patterns, accelerometer-based behaviors, and rumen temperature can accurately differentiate between animals experimentally inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) or PBS. Thirty-six crossbred steers (BW = 352 ± 23 kg) seronegative for MH were randomly assigned to bronchoselective endoscopic inoculation with MH (n = 18) or PBS (n = 18). Electronic feed bunks were used to measure DMI and feeding behavior traits, accelerometer-based neck collars measured feeding- and activity-behavior traits, and ruminal thermo-boluses measured rumen temperature. Data were collected for 28 d prior to and following inoculation. Steers inoculated with MH exhibited elevated (P < 0.02) levels of neutrophils and rumen temperature indicating that MH challenge effectively stimulated immunologic responses. However, only nine of the MH steers exhibited increased serum haptoglobin concentrations indicative of an acute-phase protein response and one displayed clinical signs of disease. Shewhart charts (SPC procedure) were used for two analyses, and sensitivity was computed using all MH-challenged steers (n = 18), and a subset that included only MH-challenged haptoglobin-responsive steers (n = 9). Specificity was calculated using all PBS steers in both analyses. In the haptoglobin-responsive only analysis, DMI and bunk visit (BV) duration had the greatest accuracy (89%), with accuracies for head-down (HD) duration, BV frequency, time to bunk, and eating rate being less (83%, 69%, 53%, and 61%, respectively). To address the diurnal nature of rumen temperature, data were averaged over 6-h intervals, and quarterly temperature models were evaluated separately. Accuracy for the fourth quarter rumen temperature was higher (78%) than the other quarterly temperature periods (first = 56%, second = 50%, and third = 67%). In general, the accelerometer-based behavior traits were highly specific ranging from 82% for ingestion to 100% for rest, rumination, and standing. However, the sensitivity of these traits was low (0% to 50%), such that the accuracies were moderate compared with feeding behavior and rumen temperature response variables. These results indicate that Shewhart procedures can effectively identify deviations in feeding behavior and rumen temperature patterns to enable subclinical detection of BRD in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Kayser
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gordon E Carstens
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ira L Parsons
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kevin E Washburn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX TX
| | - William E Pinchak
- Department of Ecosystem and Management, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Vernon, TX
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Pansri P, Katholm J, Krogh KM, Aagaard AK, Schmidt LMB, Kudirkiene E, Larsen LE, Olsen JE. Evaluation of novel multiplex qPCR assays for diagnosis of pathogens associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet J 2020; 256:105425. [PMID: 32113583 PMCID: PMC7110767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex is the most common disease requiring the use of antimicrobials in industrial calf production worldwide. Pathogenic bacteria (Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), Histophilus somni (Hs), and Mycoplasma bovis) and a range of viruses (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus type 1) are associated with this complex. As most of these pathogens can be present in healthy and diseased calves, simple detection of their presence in diseased calves carries low predictive value. In other multi-agent diseases of livestock, quantification of pathogens has added substantially to the predictive value of microbiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of two recently developed quantitative PCR (qPCR) kits (Pneumo4B and Pneumo4V) to detect and quantify these bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively. Test efficiencies of the qPCR assays, based on nucleic acid dilution series of target bacteria and viruses, were 93-106% and 91-104%, respectively, with assay detection limits of 10-50 copies of nucleic acids. All 44 strains of target bacteria were correctly identified, with no false positive reactions in 135strains of non-target bacterial species. Based on standard curves of log10 CFU versus cycle threshold (Ct) values, quantification was possible over a 5-log range of bacteria. In 92 tracheal aspirate samples, the kappa values for agreement between Pneumo4B and bacterial culture were 0.64-0.84 for Mh, Pm and Hs. In an additional 84 tracheal aspirates, agreement between Pneumo4B or Pneumo 4V and certified diagnostic qPCR assays was moderate (0.57) for M. bovis and high (0.71-0.90) for viral pathogens. Thus Pneumo4 kits specifically detected and quantified the relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pansri
- DNA Diagnostic, Risskov, Denmark
| | | | - K M Krogh
- LVK Veterinary Cattle Practice, Hobro, Denmark
| | - A K Aagaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L M B Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L E Larsen
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark.
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9
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Sudaryatma PE, Mekata H, Kubo M, Subangkit M, Goto Y, Okabayashi T. Co-infection of epithelial cells established from the upper and lower bovine respiratory tract with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bacteria. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:80-85. [PMID: 31282382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex is a major disease affecting the global cattle industry. Multiple infections by viruses and bacteria increase disease severity. Previously, we reported that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection increases adherence of Pasteurella multocida to human respiratory and bovine kidney epithelial cells. To examine the interaction between the virus and bacteria in bovine respiratory cells, we generated respiratory epithelial cell lines from bovine trachea (bTEC), bronchus (bBEC), and lung (bLEC). Although all established cell lines were infected by BRSV and P. multocida susceptibility differed according to site of origin. The cells derived from the lower respiratory tract (bBEC and bLEC) were significantly more susceptible to BRSV than those derived from the upper respiratory tract (bTEC). Pre-infection of bBEC and bLEC with BRSV increased adherence of P. multocida; this was not the case for bTEC. These results indicate that BRSV may reproduce better in the lower respiratory tract and encourage adherence of bacteria. Thus, we identify one possible mechanism underlying severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Eka Sudaryatma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Meiko Kubo
- Miyakonojo Meat Inspection Centre Miyazaki Prefecture Government, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mawar Subangkit
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Goto
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Kiser JN, Lawrence TE, Neupane M, Seabury CM, Taylor JF, Womack JE, Neibergs HL. Rapid Communication: Subclinical bovine respiratory disease - loci and pathogens associated with lung lesions in feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2726-2731. [PMID: 28727052 PMCID: PMC7110184 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of feedlot cattle that is caused by viral and bacterial pathogen members of the BRD complex. Many cases of subclinical BRD go untreated and are not detected until slaughter, when lung lesions are identified. The objectives of this study were to identify which BRD pathogens were associated with the presence of lung lesions at harvest and to identify genomic loci that were associated with susceptibility to lung lesions as defined by consolidation of the lung and/or the presence of fibrin tissue. Steers from a Colorado feedlot (n = 920) were tested for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens using deep pharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs collected on entry into the study. Pathogen profiles were compared between cattle with or without lung consolidation (LC), fibrin tissue in the lung (FT), a combination of LC and FT in the same lung (lung lesions [LL]), and hyperinflated lungs (HIF) at harvest. Genotyping was conducted using the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip. Genomewide association analyses (GWAA) were conducted using EMMAX (efficient mixed-model association eXpedited), and pseudoheritabilities were estimated. The pathogen profile comparisons revealed that LC (P = 0.01, odds ratio [OR] = 3.37) and LL cattle (P = 0.04, OR = 4.58) were more likely to be infected with bovine herpes virus-1 and that HIF cattle were more likely to be infected with Mycoplasma spp. (P = 0.04, OR = 4.33). Pseudoheritability estimates were 0.25 for LC, 0.00 for FT, 0.28 for LL, and 0.13 for HIF. Because pseudoheritability for FT was estimated to be 0, GWAA results for FT were not reported. There were 4 QTL that were moderately associated (P < 1 × 10−5) with only LC, 2 that were associated with only LL, and 1 that was associated with LC and LL. Loci associated with HIF included 12 that were moderately associated and 3 that were strongly associated (uncorrected P < 5 × 10−7). A 24-kb region surrounding significant lead SNP was investigated to identify positional candidate genes. Many positional candidate genes underlying or flanking the detected QTL have been associated with signal transduction, cell adhesion, or gap junctions, which have functional relevance to the maintenance of lung health. The identification of pathogens and QTL associated with the presence of lung abnormalities in cattle exhibiting subclinical BRD allows the identification of loci that may not be detected through manifestation of clinical disease alone.
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Dassanayake RP, Falkenberg SM, Briggs RE, Tatum FM, Sacco RE. Antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on bovine respiratory pathogen Histophilus somni. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183610. [PMID: 28827826 PMCID: PMC5565109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine NK-lysins, which are functionally and structurally similar to human granulysin and porcine NK-lysin, are predominantly found in the granules of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells. Although antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin has been assessed for several bacterial pathogens, not all the important bacterial pathogens that are involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex have been studied. Therefore the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on bovine respiratory pathogen Histophilus somni. Four, 30-mer peptides corresponding to the functional region of NK-lysin helices 2 and 3 were synthesized and assessed for antibacterial activity on four bovine pneumonic H. somni isolates. Although there were some differences in the efficiency of bactericidal activity among the NK-lysin peptides at lower concentrations (2–5 μM), all four peptides effectively killed most H. somni isolates at higher concentrations (10–30 μM) as determined by a bacterial killing assay. Confocal microscopic and flow cytometric analysis of Live/Dead Baclight stained H. somni (which were preincubated with NK-lysin peptides) were consistent with the killing assay findings and suggest NK-lysin peptides are bactericidal for H. somni. Among the four peptides, NK2A-derived peptide consistently showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all four H. somni isolates. Electron microscopic examination of H. somni following incubation with NK-lysin revealed extensive cell membrane damage, protrusions of outer membranes, and cytoplasmic content leakage. Taken together, the findings from this study clearly demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of all four bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides against bovine H. somni isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shollie M. Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Briggs
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Fred M. Tatum
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Randy E. Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Cornelissen JBWJ, de Bree FM, van der Wal FJ, Kooi EA, Koene MGJ, Bossers A, Smid B, Antonis AF, Wisselink HJ. Mycoplasma detection by triplex real-time PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from bovine respiratory disease complex cases. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:97. [PMID: 28390431 PMCID: PMC5385097 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we evaluated the RespoCheck Mycoplasma triplex real-time PCR for the detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Mycoplasma (M.) dispar, M. bovis and M. bovirhinis, all three associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Primers and probes of the RespoCheck Mycoplasma triplex real-time PCR are based on the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of the three Mycoplasma species. RESULTS The analytical sensitivity of the RespoCheck triplex real-time PCR was, as determined by spiking experiments of the Mycoplasma strains in Phosphate Buffered Saline, 300 colony forming units (cfu)/mL for M. dispar, and 30 cfu/mL for M. bovis or M. bovirhinis. The analytical sensitivity of the RespoCheck Mycoplasma triplex real-time PCRwas, as determined on purified DNA, 10 fg DNA per assay for M. dispar and 100 fg fo rM. bovis and M. bovirhinis. The analytical specificity of the RespoCheck Mycoplasma triplex real-time PCR was, as determined by testing Mycoplasmas strains (n = 17) and other bacterial strains (n = 107), 100, 98.2 and 99.1% for M. bovis, M. dispar and M. bovirhinis respectively. The RespoCheck Mycoplasma triplex real-time PCR was compared with the PCR/DGGE analysis for M. bovis, M. dispar and M. bovirhinis respectively by testing 44 BALF samples from calves. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the RespoCheck PCR assay can be a valuable tool for timely and accurate detection of three Mycoplasma species associated with in bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. W. J. Cornelissen
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy M. de Bree
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Fimme J. van der Wal
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Engbert A. Kooi
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam G. J. Koene
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Bregtje Smid
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan F. Antonis
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Wisselink
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
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13
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DeDonder KD, Harhay DM, Apley MD, Lubbers BV, Clawson ML, Schuller G, Harhay GP, White BJ, Larson RL, Capik SF, Riviere JE, Kalbfleisch T, Tessman RK. Observations on macrolide resistance and susceptibility testing performance in field isolates collected from clinical bovine respiratory disease cases. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:186-193. [PMID: 27527782 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were; first, to describe gamithromycin susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni isolated from cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and previously treated with either gamithromycin for control of BRD (mass medication=MM) or sham-saline injected (control=CON); second, to describe the macrolide resistance genes present in genetically typed M. haemolytica isolates; third, use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to correlate the phenotypic resistance and genetic determinants for resistance among M. haemolytica isolates. M. haemolytica (n=276), P. multocida (n=253), and H. somni (n=78) were isolated from feedlot cattle diagnosed with BRD. Gamithromycin susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing was utilized to determine the presence/absence of macrolide resistance genes and to genetically type M. haemolytica. Generalized linear mixed models were built for analysis. There was not a significant difference between MM and CON groups in regards to the likelihood of culturing a resistant isolate of M. haemolytica or P. multocida. The likelihood of culturing a resistant isolate of M. haemolytica differed significantly by state of origin in this study. A single M. haemolytica genetic subtype was associated with an over whelming majority of the observed resistance. H. somni isolation counts were low and statistical models would not converge. Phenotypic resistance was predicted with high sensitivity and specificity by WGS. Additional studies to elucidate the relationships between phenotypic expression of resistance/genetic determinants for resistance and clinical response to antimicrobials are necessary to inform judicious use of antimicrobials in the context of relieving animal disease and suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D DeDonder
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Dayna M Harhay
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Michael D Apley
- Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Brian V Lubbers
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Michael L Clawson
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Gennie Schuller
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Gregory P Harhay
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Brad J White
- Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Robert L Larson
- Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sarah F Capik
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ronald K Tessman
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Merial, Duluth, GA, United States
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14
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Chen J, Yang C, Tizioto PC, Huang H, Lee MOK, Payne HR, Lawhon SD, Schroeder F, Taylor JF, Womack JE. Expression of the Bovine NK-Lysin Gene Family and Activity against Respiratory Pathogens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158882. [PMID: 27409794 PMCID: PMC4943647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the genomes of many mammals that have a single NK-lysin gene, the cattle genome contains a family of four genes, one of which is expressed preferentially in the lung. In this study, we compared the expression of the four bovine NK-lysin genes in healthy animals to animals challenged with pathogens known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The expression of several NK-lysins, especially NK2C, was elevated in challenged relative to control animals. The effects of synthetic peptides corresponding to functional region helices 2 and 3 of each gene product were tested on both model membranes and bio-membranes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that these peptides adopted a more helical secondary structure upon binding to an anionic model membrane and liposome leakage assays suggested that these peptides disrupt membranes. Bacterial killing assays further confirmed the antimicrobial effects of these peptides on BRD-associated bacteria, including both Pasteurella multocida and Mannhemia haemolytica and an ultrastructural examination of NK-lysin-treated P. multocida cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed the lysis of target membranes. These studies demonstrate that the expanded bovine NK-lysin gene family is potentially important in host defense against pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Chingyuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Polyana C. Tizioto
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Brazil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Mi O. K. Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Harold R. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - James E. Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Gershwin LJ, Van Eenennaam AL, Anderson ML, McEligot HA, Shao MX, Toaff-Rosenstein R, Taylor JF, Neibergs HL, Womack J. Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142479. [PMID: 26571015 PMCID: PMC4646450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in cattle; costing the dairy and beef industries millions of dollars annually, despite the use of vaccines and antibiotics. BRDC is caused by one or more of several viruses (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpes type 1 also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and bovine viral diarrhea virus), which predispose animals to infection with one or more bacteria. These include: Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Histophilus somni. Some cattle appear to be more resistant to BRDC than others. We hypothesize that appropriate immune responses to these pathogens are subject to genetic control. To determine which genes are involved in the immune response to each of these pathogens it was first necessary to experimentally induce infection separately with each pathogen to document clinical and pathological responses in animals from which tissues were harvested for subsequent RNA sequencing. Herein these infections and animal responses are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel J. Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alison L. Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Heather A. McEligot
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Matt X. Shao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Toaff-Rosenstein
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Holly L. Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - James Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843–4467, United States of America
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16
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Klima CL, Alexander TW, Hendrick S, McAllister TA. Characterization of Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle that were healthy or treated for bovine respiratory disease. Can J Vet Res 2014; 78:38-45. [PMID: 24396179 PMCID: PMC3878007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As an opportunistic pathogen, M. haemolytica is also frequently isolated from the respiratory tract of healthy cattle. This study examined the characteristics of M. haemolytica collected using deep nasal swabs from healthy cattle (n = 49) and cattle diagnosed with BRD (n = 41). Isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyped, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen isolates for virulence [leukotoxin C (lktC), putative adhesin (ahs), outer-membrane lipoprotein (gs60), O-sialoglycoprotease (gcp), transferring-binding protein B (tbpB) and UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-2-epimerase (nmaA)] and antimicrobial resistance [tet(H), bla ROB-1, erm(X), erm(42), msr(E)-mph(E) and aphA-1] genes. Isolates were genetically diverse but in three instances, M. haemolytica with the same pulsotype, resistance phenotype, and genotype were collected from cattle with BRD. This occurred once between cattle located in two different feedlots, once between cattle in the same feedlot, but in different pens, and once among cattle from the same feedlot in the same pen. Isolates from healthy cattle were primarily serotype 2 (75.5%) while those from individuals with BRD were serotype 1 (70.7%) or 6 (19.5%). Resistance to at least one antibiotic occurred more frequently (P < 0.001) in M. haemolytica collected from cattle with BRD (37%) compared with those that were healthy (2%). Overall, tetracycline resistance (18%) was the most prevalent resistant phenotype. All tetracycline-resistant M. haemolytica encoded tet(H). Ampicillin resistance (6%) and neomycin resistance (15%) were detected and corresponded to the presence of the bla ROB-1 and aphA-1 genes, respectively. Tilmicosin resistance (6%) was also detected, but the resistance genes responsible were not identified. The virulence genes lktC, ahs, gs60, and gcp were present in all isolates examined, while tbpB and nmaA were only detected in serotype 1 and serotype 6 isolates indicating they may be potential targets for serotype-specific identification or vaccine development. These results provide the first reported evidence of transmission and spread of antimicrobial-resistant M. haemolytica that have contributed to bovine respiratory disease in western Canadian feedlots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor W. Alexander
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Trevor W. Alexander; telephone: +1-403-317-2158; fax: +1-403-317-2182; e-mail:
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17
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Hendrick SH, Bateman KG, Rosengren LB. The effect of antimicrobial treatment and preventive strategies on bovine respiratory disease and genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis isolates in a western Canadian feedlot. Can Vet J 2013; 54:1146-1156. [PMID: 24293675 PMCID: PMC3831389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Feedlot calves (n = 3784) were systematically randomized and allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial study to receive metaphylactic oxytetracycline (OTC) on arrival or no antimicrobial, as well as florfenicol once subcutaneously or twice intramuscularly (48 h apart) if diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Calves of different treatment groups were comingled and followed from placement to re-implantation (~100 days). Animals receiving OTC had a reduced risk of BRD, an increased risk of arthritis, and no significant differences in average daily gain, BRD relapse, overall mortality, or BRD mortality. There were no significant differences between treatment protocols. Deep nasal swabs (n = 233) taken at arrival (n = 122), treatment (n = 77), and swabs from lungs and joints at postmortem (n = 34) were cultured for Mycoplasma bovis from 61 animals ill or dying of chronic pneumonia and arthritis and from 61 healthy calves. There was significant variation in diversity among isolates (n = 51) between study years and different cattle. Metaphylaxis or antimicrobial treatment did not affect the diversity of isolates. Except for tilmicosin, isolates were largely susceptible to tested antimicrobials.
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18
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White BJ, Hanzlicek G, Sanderson MW, Anderson DE, Larson RL. Mollicutes species and Mycoplasma bovis prevalence and association with health outcomes in beef feeder calves at arrival and initial treatment for bovine respiratory disease. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1016-1018. [PMID: 21119871 PMCID: PMC2920159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mollicutes nasal swab culture status and potential associations with health outcomes were determined in beef feeder calves. Mollicutes culture was positive in 7.6% (22/291) of calves at arrival and in 26.2% (34/130) of calves at first disease treatment. Positive Mollicutes culture at first treatment was associated with increased odds for subsequent retreatment or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
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19
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Booker CW, Abutarbush SM, Morley PS, Jim GK, Pittman TJ, Schunicht OC, Perrett T, Wildman BK, Fenton RK, Guichon PT, Janzen ED. Microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in Western Canada. Can Vet J 2008; 49:473-481. [PMID: 18512458 PMCID: PMC2359492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the microbiologic agents and pathologic processes in fatal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) of feedlot cattle and to investigate associations between agents and pathologic processes. Ninety feedlot calves diagnosed at necropsy with BRD and 9 control calves without BRD were examined, using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and histopathologic studies. Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) (peracute, acute, and subacute cases) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB) (subacute, bronchiolar, and chronic cases) were the most common agents identified in fatal BRD cases. Significant associations (P < 0.10) were detected between microbiologic agents and between agents and pathologic processes. When IHC staining was used, 25/26 (96%) of animals that were positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were also positive for MH; 12/15 (80 %) of animals that were positive for Histophilus somni (HS) were also positive for MB; and all of the animals that were positive for HS were negative for MH and BVDV. This quantitative pathological study demonstrates that several etiologic agents and pathologic processes are involved in fatal BRD of feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin W Booker
- Feedlot Health Management Services Ltd., PO Box 140, Okotoks, Alberta T1S 2A2.
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20
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Coe PH, Grooms DL, Metz K, Holland RE. Changes in antibiotic susceptability of Escherichia coli isolated from steers exposed to antibiotics during the early feeding period. Vet Ther 2008; 9:241-247. [PMID: 19003784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of therapeutic choices on antibiotic resistance of intestinal bacteria may have food safety consequences. Changes in antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics currently approved for prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease were evaluated in 260 feedlot steers. Susceptibilities to antimicrobial compounds were compared among three treatment groups at three times between arrival at the feedlot and harvest to assess changes over the course of the feeding period. No significant change was found in the resistance of E. coli to tilmicosin, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin, which were used to prevent and treat respiratory disease in this study. Despite an absence of exposure to ampicillin and ceftiofur, a significant increase in resistance was observed for these two antimicrobial drugs that declined by the end of the feeding period. In this study, use of approved antimicrobials early in the feeding period for the prevention and treatment of bovine respiratory disease had little effect on antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from cattle near the time of slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Coe
- Department of Laerge Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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21
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Arcangioli MA, Duet A, Meyer G, Dernburg A, Bézille P, Poumarat F, Le Grand D. The role of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine respiratory disease outbreaks in veal calf feedlots. Vet J 2007; 177:89-93. [PMID: 17493850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and relative importance of Mycoplasma bovis among the pathological agents implicated in bovine respiratory disease (BRD), we surveyed 135 veal calves from nine feedlots in eastern France during naturally occurring outbreaks of respiratory disease. Occurrence of respiratory pathogens, M. bovis, bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus, bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus and parainfluenza-3 (PI3) virus was investigated by seroconversion and isolation of bacteria and viruses from broncho-alveolar fluids. M. bovis and pathogenic respiratory bacteria were isolated in eight of the nine feedlots, and from 106 and 32, respectively, of the 135 tested animals. Seroconversion to PI3 virus occurred in four lots. BVD and BRS viruses were detected in eight and one lot, respectively. M. bovis was the most frequently isolated aetiologic agent in these BRD outbreaks, spreading early and widely throughout the affected units (60-100% rate of isolation and seroconversion). These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Arcangioli
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Ecole Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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22
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Gagea MI, Bateman KG, van Dreumel T, McEwen BJ, Carman S, Archambault M, Shanahan RA, Caswell JL. Diseases and pathogens associated with mortality in Ontario beef feedlots. J Vet Diagn Invest 2007; 18:18-28. [PMID: 16566254 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence of diseases and pathogens associated with mortality or severe morbidity in 72 Ontario beef feedlots in calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Routine pathologic and microbiologic investigations, as well as immunohistochemical staining for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen, were performed on 99 calves that died or were euthanized within 60 days after arrival. Major disease conditions identified included fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia (49%), caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia or arthritis (or both) caused by Mycoplasma bovis (36%), viral respiratory disease (19%), BVDV-related diseases (21%), Histophilus somni myocarditis (8%), ruminal bloat (2%), and miscellaneous diseases (8%). Viral infections identified were BVDV (35%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (9%), bovine herpesvirus-1 (6%), parainfluenza-3 virus (3%), and bovine coronavirus (2%). Bacteria isolated from the lungs included M. bovis (82%), Mycoplasma arginini (72%), Ureaplasma diversum (25%), Mannheimia haemolytica (27%), Pasteurella multocida (19%), H. somni (14%), and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (19%). Pneumonia was the most frequent cause of mortality of beef calves during the first 2 months after arrival in feedlots, representing 69% of total deaths. The prevalence of caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia caused by M. bovis was similar to that of fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, and together, these diseases were the most common causes of pneumonia and death. M. bovis pneumonia and polyarthritis has emerged as an important cause of mortality in Ontario beef feedlots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai I Gagea
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Canada
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