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Sahoo M, Thakor JC, Kumar P, Singh R, Kumar P, Singh K, Puvvala B, Kumar A, Gopinathan A, Palai S, Patra S, Tripathy JP, Acharya R, Sahoo NR, Behera P. AFB1 induced free radicals cause encephalopathy in goat kids via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation of non-hepatic neuroaflatoxicosis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:317-327. [PMID: 37684400 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, particularly AFB1, are the most common feed contaminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The current paper describes an outbreak of aflatoxicosis in a herd of 160 male young goat kids (3-4 months), of which 68 young kids succumbed over a period of 25 days after showing neurological signs of abnormal gait, progressive paralysis and head pressing. The haematobiochemical investigation showed reduced haemoglobin, leucocyte count, PCV level, increased levels of AST, ALT, glucose, BUN, creatinine and reduced level of total protein. Grossly, kids had pale mucous membranes, pale and swollen liver; right apical lobe consolidation, and petechiation of the synovial membrane of the hock joints. The microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal hemorrhages, status spongiosus/ vacuolation, vasculitis, focal to diffuse gliosis, satellitosis, and ischemic apoptotic neurons in different parts of the brain and spinal cord. These changes corresponded well with strong immunoreactivity for AFB1 in neurons, glia cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells) in various anatomical sites of the brain. The higher values of LPO and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, GSH) with strong immunoreactivity of 8-OHdG in the brain indicating high level of oxidative stress. Further, the higher immunosignaling of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain points towards the association with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The toxicological analysis of feed samples detected high amounts of AFB1 (0.38ppm). These findings suggest that AFB1 in younger goat kids has more of neurotoxic effect mediated through caspase dependent intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India.
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Jigarji Chaturji Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Aswathy Gopinathan
- ICAR- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Santwana Palai
- ICAR- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jagannath Prasad Tripathy
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Ramakant Acharya
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Pratima Behera
- Animal Disease Research Institute, Phulnakhara, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Razavi SM, Soltan MS, Abbasian K, Karami A, Nazifi S. Host oxidative stress in piroplasmosis: A review in domestic animals. Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110011. [PMID: 37643565 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Piroplasmida is an order of economically important blood parasites, including Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon, transmitted to mammals by ticks. Oxidative stress is a state in which the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed so that antioxidants cannot compensate for the harmful effects of oxidants. Due to the high concentration of oxygen and hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs), these are among the first cells exposed to oxidative damage. When RBCs are exposed to oxidative stress, their hemoglobin is oxidized, and lipid peroxidation leads to membrane instability, deformation, hemolysis, and anemia. Oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of these parasites. In the present review article, we collected studies on the oxidative stress caused by Piroplasmida in domestic animals. What is obtained from the total review of studies conducted on piroplasmosis revealed that in these infections, the host faces oxidative stress, and the resultant oxidative injury plays a fundamental role in their pathogenicity. Further studies are needed to be carried out on the more precise role of oxidative stress, the use of more sensitive diagnostic biomarkers, and the possible therapeutic role of antioxidant agents in piroplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Soltan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kiarash Abbasian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Karami
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Aktas MS, Eren E, Kucukler S, Eroglu MS, Ilgun M, Yanar KE, Aydin O. Investigation of haematological, inflammatory and immunological response in naturally infected cattle with Theileria annulata. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13002. [PMID: 37461131 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate haematological, pro-inflammatory, inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immunological responses in naturally Theileria annulata-infected cattle. The study material consisted of 25 Simmental cattle, 2-4 years of age, one of which was a control group consisting of healthy animals (Control group, n = 10), and the other was a Theileria group that include animals positive for Theileria annulata (Theileria group, n = 15). Haematological analysis (red blood cell [RBC], haemoglobin [HGB], haematocrit [HCT]), pro-inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], nuclear factor kappa B [NF-ĸB] and interleukin-1 beta, [IL-1β]), inflammatory (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) analyses were performed by using ELISA kit from blood samples. It was found that the rectal temperature of the Theileria group was found to be significantly higher (p < .001) than that of the control group. Haematological and biochemical analysis revealed that the RBC and HGB count and HCT percentage decreased (p < .001), while NF-ĸB (p < .001), TNF-α (p = .002), IL-1β (p < .001), IL-10 (p = .012), NLR (p < .001) and CAMP (p = .037) levels increased in Theileria group compared to the control group. There was a strong correlation between NF-ĸB and TNF-α, NF-ĸB and IL-10, NLR and IL-1β, NF-ĸB and CAMP, TNF-α and CAMP and IL-10 and CAMP. As a result of this study, it was revealed that a pro-inflammatory and immunological response also occurs along with the anti-inflammatory response in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sinan Aktas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Eren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sertac Eroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Ilgun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kerim Emre Yanar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Değirmençay Ş, Küçükler S, Özdemir S, Kaman R. Evaluation of erythrocyte arginase activity, plasma nitric oxide concentration and oxidative stress status in cattle with anaplasmosis. Vet Parasitol 2023; 314:109855. [PMID: 36528965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease characterized by high fever, anaemia and sometimes jaundice. The role of oxidative stress in anaplasmosis has been investigated, but erythrocyte arginase (ARG) activity has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in haematological parameters, erythrocyte ARG activity, plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and oxidative stress parameters and explain the relationship between each other in cattle with anaplasmosis. The material of this study consisted of 14 cattle, aged 10-12 months with anaplasmosis (infected group) and 14 healthy cattle aged 10-12 months (control group). Our data revealed that leukocyte parameters and plasma NO levels and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were higher while erythrocyte parameters, erythrocyte ARG activity and serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione (GSH) levels were lower in the infected group compared to the control group. There was a strong correlation between erythrocyte ARG activity and NO, MDA, TOS, OSI, TAS and GSH. ROC analysis and correlation results suggest that erythrocyte ARG activity is an effective oxidative stress marker. We concluded that severe oxidative stress occurs in anaplasmosis. As the severity of anaemia increases, erythrocyte ARG activity plummets while plasma NO level elevates. These two parameters may also be used as prognostic and oxidative stress markers. Although decreased erythrocyte ARG activity is a disadvantage in haemolytic diseases, this situation can be compensated by increased NO. Thus, homeostasis of these two parameters may contribute to the elimination of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Değirmençay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Hussain R, Khan I, Jamal A, Mohamed BB, Khan A. Evaluation of Hematological, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Profile in Cattle Infected with Brucellosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7140909. [PMID: 35898677 PMCID: PMC9314157 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7140909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a well-known and harmful zoonotic disease that poses a severe threat to public health and wild and dairy animals. Due to a lack of monitoring and awareness, disease incidence has increased. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to ascertain the status of seroprevalence of brucellosis, hematological, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in different breeds of cattle reared under tropical-desert conditions in Pakistan. This study comprised 570 cattle of different breeds. We recorded some epidemiological traits, including age and gender. The blood samples were obtained from all the cattle, screened with RBPT, and then confirmed by ELISA and PCR. The results recorded an overall 11.75%, 10.7%, and 9.64% prevalence of brucellosis based on RBPT, ELISA, and PCR. We obtained nonsignificant results in different age and sex groups of cattle. The results showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower values of erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and monocytes in infected cases. The results showed that the total leukocyte and neutrophil cells significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. The lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA- and NO-scavenging activity of erythrocyte) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in infected cattle, whereas significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes like SOD, RGSH, and CAT were. Similarly, significantly lower serum albumin levels and total serum proteins were recorded in infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus Jhang 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Adil Jamal
- Sciences and Research, College of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University-715, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahrar Khan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang 261061, China
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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The phenotypic and haemato-biochemical appraisal of tropical theileriosis in newborn calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:477. [PMID: 34557986 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is one of the major causes of newborn calves mortality. Observation of clinical manifestations is important while making the presumptive/tentative diagnosis of tropical theileriosis in newborn calves. The phenotypic and haemato-biochemical appraisals of tropical theileriosis could be of great help to make a holistic therapeutic plan for diseased newborn calves. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the haemato-biochemical and phenotypic diagnostic markers of tropical theileriosis in newborn calves. A total of 43 newborn calves naturally infected with Theileria annulata and 16 age-matched healthy calves were enrolled. The percentage distribution of clinical markers was generalized lymph nodes enlargement (100%), pyrexia (97.67%), respiratory distress (95.34%), tick infestation (90.69%), anorexia (88.37%), pica (81.39%), pallor mucous membrane (67.44%), hyperlacrimation (58.13%) and exophthalmia (30.22%). Haemograms including TEC, Hb and HCT were found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.001) lowered in diseased calves. Remarkable alterations in the leukogram panels were not observed. Serum glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations of calves with theileriosis were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) lower than healthy ones, whereas triglycerides and total cholesterol levels of diseased calves were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher. Significantly (P ≤ 0.001) elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes were observed in diseased calves. An evaluation of clinical phenotypes could be helpful to initiate quick treatment of diseased calves in field conditions and save the lives of sick calves of economically poor farmers. Altered haemato-biochemical panels to be appraised by veterinary clinicians while making a therapeutic plan of tropical theileriosis.
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Agina OA, Cheah KT, Sayuti NSA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Mazlan M, Hamzah H. High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082235. [PMID: 34438696 PMCID: PMC8388426 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity of the infecting blood parasites by conventional PCR. The following blood parasite species were detected: Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (70/130); Theileria orientalis (65/130); Theileria sinensis (32/130); Anaplasma marginale (49/130); Anaplasma platys (7/130); and Trypanosoma evansi (4/130). The GM-CSF/IL-10 ratio showed significantly higher values in all the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle groups except for symptomatic A. platys infected cattle groups. Anti-inflammatory cytokine immune responses were notable findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle infected with C. M. haemobos and T. orientalis characterized by low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 (p < 0.05). Therefore, high serum GM-CSF:IL:10 in the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle, low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 ratios in asymptomatic cattle, high MDA level, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be useful predictive tools for outcome of natural blood parasite infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
| | - Kim Tho Cheah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
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Molayi-Jabdaragi N, Esmaeilnejad B, Mohammadi V. Evaluation of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103821. [PMID: 31655217 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we evaluated serum sialic acid (SA) levels in buffaloes naturally infected with T. annulata. In the current paper, we conducted a further study on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in erythrocyte lysate samples of the same buffaloes. DNA damage also was assessed. Additionally, we tested whether, there is any correlation between SA and the aforementioned indicators or not. To achieve these aims, several biomarkers including the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), nitric oxide contents (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DNA damage levels were measured. The obtained results showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and TAC levels decreased significantly as the percentage of parasitemia increased accordingly. Also, a significant increase in the levels of PCO, MDA, NO and DNA damage were recorded, depending on the degree of parasitemia. There was a significant correlation between oxidative/nitrosative stress indicators and SA. Conclusively, T. annulata infection in buffaloes is associated with a parasitic burden-dependent oxidative/nitrosative damages to erythrocytes and SA plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of the disease, as it is tightly correlated with oxidative/nitrosative indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Molayi-Jabdaragi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Descovi SN, Petrolli TG, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. A caffeine-supplemented diet modulates oxidative stress markers and prevents oxidative damage in the livers of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to hypoxia. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1041-1049. [PMID: 30747312 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed the involvement of oxidative stress and oxidative damage with health impairment and mortality in fish exposed to hypoxia. Thus, natural compounds with antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging properties, such as caffeine, might help to prevent or reduce hepatic damage elicited by hypoxia. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with caffeine could prevent or reduce oxidative damage in the livers of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to hypoxia. Hepatic reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation levels, and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity were higher in fish exposed to hypoxia compared with normoxia. Hepatic catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, as well as the antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical levels, were lower in fish exposed to hypoxia compared with normoxia. No significant difference between groups was observed regarding hepatic superoxide dismutase activity. Dietary supplementation with 8% caffeine prevented all alterations elicited by hypoxia. Based on this evidence, the use of dietary supplementation with 8% caffeine can be an interesting approach to preventing hepatic lipid damage and impairment of the antioxidant defense system elicited by hypoxia, and this effect can be mediated by protective effects on XO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sharine N Descovi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago G Petrolli
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Salles GBC, Boiago MM, Silva AD, Morsch VM, Gris A, Mendes RE, Baldissera MD, da Silva AS. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in broiler breast fillets with white striping myopathy. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12792. [PMID: 31353592 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether broiler breast fillets with severe white striping (WS) had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, as well as antioxidant responses. A total of 45 breast muscles from broiler chickens were divided into three groups (n = 15): normal, moderate (stripes <1 mm) and severe (stripes >1 mm). Chicken breasts with severe WS showed muscular cells with small areas and diameters (p < 0.05), as well as the presence of inflammatory cells. Higher percentages of moisture content, fat, collagen, and smaller protein content than did WS breast samples compared control. Breast samples with moderate and severe degrees of WS had higher reactive oxygen species levels and advanced oxidation protein products than did the control group, and animals with severe WS had higher lipid peroxidation levels. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were higher (p < 0.0001) in animals with moderate WS than those in the control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: White striping myopathy in broiler breast fillets is characterized by the presence of parallel white stripes in the same direction as the muscular fiber, commonly occurring in the pectoralis major muscle. The results showed that chicken breasts with WS demonstrated imbalances of antioxidant/oxidant status, characterizing increases of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in muscle. This situation does not prevent the consumption of the meat, but negatively affects its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Manente Boiago
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - Anielen Dutra Silva
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gris
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concordia, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Razmi G, Yaghfoori S, Mohri M, Haghparast A, Tajeri S. The haematological, proinflammatory cytokines and IgG changes during an ovine experimental theileriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e6. [PMID: 30843407 PMCID: PMC6407460 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant ovine theileriosis is caused by Theileria lestoquardi, which is highly pathogenic in sheep. Theileriosis involves different organs in ruminants. Little is known about the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of T. lestoquardi infection. The aim of this study was to measure concentration changes of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin G (IgG) during an ovine experimental theileriosis and correlate it with clinical and haematological parameters. During an experimental study, seven healthy Baluchi sheep (four females and three males) about 6-8 months old were infected with T. lestoquardi by feeding of infected unfed ticks on the sheep's ears. The infected sheep were clinically examined during the study and blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17 and 21. The haematological parameters were analysed by an automatic veterinary haematology cell counter and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All infected sheep had temperatures above 40 °C on days 3-4 post infection (PI). The maximum temperature was noted on day 7, and it remained high until day 21. The parasitaemia of T. lestoquardi infection increased from 0.01% (day 7 PI) to 3.3% (day 21 PI). The mean white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet values slightly increased on day 2 PI and decreased by day 17 and day 21 PI. The percentage parasitaemia and fever had a negative correlation with the numbers of WBCs, RBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets. The serum concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines increased and peaked on day 12 and thereafter decreased to levels lower than 0. Out of all tested cytokines, the concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher, as early as day 2 PI. No significant changes were observed for the IgG levels during the course of disease. A significant and strong correlation was observed between IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ values and a moderate correlation between IL-6 and the numbers of lymphocytes in the present study. A strong correlation was determined between the percentage parasitaemia and haematological parameters in T. lestoquardi-infected sheep. In addition, preliminary results indicate that the measurement of the serum concentrations of IL-6 in combination with haematological parameters could be considered a good marker to estimate the pathogenicity of T. lestoquardi strain.
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Parashar R, Singla LD, Gupta M, Sharma SK. Evaluation and correlation of oxidative stress and haemato-biochemical observations in horses with natural patent and latent trypanosomosis in Punjab state of India. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:733-743. [PMID: 30367776 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The haemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers in horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi were evaluated by analyzing the level of these parameters between T. evansi infected (microscopically positive patent group and PCR positive latent group) and infection free horses. To compare the hemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress indicators, horses were divided into three categories based on diagnostic test employed and positive results obtained. These included Romanowsky stained slide positive group (Group I; n = 6), PCR positive group (group II; n = 28) and negative control group (group III, n = 30), revealing parasitologically positive patent, molecular positive latent and disease free status of horses. A significant reductions in total erythrocytes count (TEC, P = 0.01), haemoglobin (Hb, P = 0.01) and packed cell volume (PCV, P = 0.04) was noticed both in group I and group II while significant neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia was observed in group I when compared to negative control group. Substantial increase in creatinine (CRTN, P = 0.032) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT, P = 0.012) in group I while significant decrease in glucose (GLU, P = 0.04) and iron (Fe, P = 0.01) were noticed in both group I and group II in comparison to group III. A significant difference in lipid peroxides (LPO, P = 0.01) with highest level in patent group I (15.33 ± 0.53) followed by PCR positive latent group (14.09 ± 1.66) indicates higher lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and oxidative stress in decreasing order when compared with infection free control horses (9.83 ± 0.97). Catalase (CAT, P = 0.01) was significantly lower in parasitological (0.82 ± 0.14) and molecular positive cases (1.27 ± 0.35) in comparison to control group (3.43 ± 0.96). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, P = 0.01), reduced glutathione (GSH, P = 0.01) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, P = 0.01) were significantly lower in parasito-molecular positive cases as compared to infection free control horses. An inverse correlation of RBC count with LPO and GSH and a direct correlation with catalase, SOD and FRAP was revealed. Overall, the observed substantial decreases in the oxidative parameters like catalase CAT, SOD, GSH and FRAP activities with remarkably elevated levels of LPO indicate high exposure of erythrocytes to oxidative damage in T.evansi infected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Parashar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Lachhman Das Singla
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Firozpur Road, Near Verka Milk Plant, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
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Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Samiei A, Hajipour N, Imani-Baran A, Farhang-Pajuh F. Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant status, serum trace mineral levels and cholinesterases activity in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:402-409. [PMID: 30063976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the influence of an Anaplasma marginale infection on oxidative stress and antioxidant status, trace elements and cholinesterase as markers of the inflammatory process and biomarkers of oxidative imbalance. An infected group comprised of 35 crossbred Holstein cattle, about 2-3 years old, naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale, were divided into 4 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (<1%, 1-10%, 10-20%, >20%) and also 10 healthy cattle as control were selected. Blood samples were taken and hematological parameters, activities of antioxidant enzymes including erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), median corpuscularfragility (MCF) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and serum concentrations of antioxidant trace minerals (copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and selenium) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined. In addition, as an index of lipid peroxidation, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. The results revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in RBC count, packed cell volume (PCV) and Hb concentration as well as the activities of erythrocyte GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, G6PD, TAC, MCF and AChE and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Se and BchE in the infected cattle. In contrast, significantly increased (P < 0.05) levels of MDA and erythrocyte osmotic fragility as well as serum concentration of iron were recorded in the infected animals. The significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and substantial elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte osmotic fragility associated with the notable increase in parasitemia indicate increased exposure of RBCs to oxidative damage. Furthermore, decrease of cholinesterase in infection by A. marginale can and directly or indirectly lead to increase acetylcholine levels potent anti-inflammatory molecules, thereby inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mousa Tavassoli
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Awat Samiei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasser Hajipour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Imani-Baran
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Farhang-Pajuh
- Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Asri-Rezaei S, Nourian A, Shalizar-Jalali A, Najafi G, Nazarizadeh A, Koohestani M, Karimi A. Selenium supplementation in the form of selenium nanoparticles and selenite sodium improves mature male mice reproductive performances. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:577-585. [PMID: 29942447 PMCID: PMC6015244 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.26023.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study was conducted to examine the possible protective and retentive effects of one-week intra-peritoneal (IP) administration of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), compared to its bulk counterpart, selenite sodium (Ss), after one complete cycle of spermatogenesis in mature male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult male mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group was administrated phosphate-buffered saline (IP) and the other groups received Ss (0.50 mg kg-1) and Se-NPs (0.50 mg kg-1) for seven successive days. Then, the animals were monitored for 28 days and finally sacrificed and tissue and blood samples were taken. Histopathological features, sperm quality, in vitro fertilization (IVF) capability and selenium (Se) content in testicular tissue were analyzed. Antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels were assessed in blood and the tissue samples. RESULTS Remarkable differences were found in sperm characteristics, histopathological features and oxidative stress biomarkers between control and treatment groups. Moreover, IVF evaluation and tissue Se concentration examination weren't similar for Se-NPs and Ss. CONCLUSION Conclusively, Se-treated groups had more antioxidant capacity than the control group, but sperm quality and histopathological features revealed that Se-NPs might possess more antioxidative and retentive potential compared to Ss in one spermatogenesis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Asri-Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mobin Koohestani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Ph.D. Student of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
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Al-Hosary AAT, Ellah MRA, Ahmed LSED. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Sheep Infested with Ticks and Concurrent Diagnosis of Theileriosis. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES 2018; 13:263-268. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.263.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Karami M, Asri-Rezaei S, Dormanesh B, Nazarizadeh A. Comparative study of radioprotective effects of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite in irradiation-induced nephropathy of mice model. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:17-27. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1400709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Karami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Asri-Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Yaghfoori S, Mohri M, Razmi G. Experimental Theileria lestoquardi infection in sheep: Biochemical and hematological changes. Acta Trop 2017; 173:55-61. [PMID: 28571746 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant theileriosis (Theileria lestoquardi infection) is a hemoparasitic tick-borne disease that affects both wild and domestic small ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and hematological characteristics of sheep after being experimentally infected by T. lestoquardi. T. lestoquardi infection was induced in seven Baluchi sheep of six-to-eight months old via experimentally-infected Hyalomma anatolicum adult ticks. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured twice a week during the three weeks' post infection. Twenty-three biochemical analytes and seven hematological ones were measured. After three to four days infection, body temperature rose above 40°C. Maximum and minimum parasitaemia were 3.3% and 0.28%, respectively. Piroplasms and schizont were seen on average from days 7.2 and 4 post infection, respectively. The concentrations and activities of Alb, HDL, ALT, T3, T4, Ca, Fe, Mg, iP, WBC, RBC, PCV, Hb, Plt, neutrophil and lymphocytes significantly decreased (P≤0.05) during experimental infection. However, concentrations and activities of BT, GGT, Glu, BUN, Crea, FIB and Cu significantly increased (P≤0.05). There was no significant change in the serum amounts of Chol, LDL, TG, VLDL and Zn. The observed hypoalbuminemia and increase of FIB concentrations referred to pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Moreover, the raising of GGT activity indicates liver damage, cholestatic disorders or schizont infiltration. The disease stress and corticosteroids are suspected to cause the Glu concentration increase. The present study is aimed at improving the knowledge of malignant theileriosis.
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18
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McFadden A, Hart M, Bueno IM, Ha HJ, Heath A, Pulford DJ. Monitoring Theileria orientalis (Ikeda)-associated bovine anaemia in affected cattle over time. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:29-33. [PMID: 28969833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to observe changes in haematocrit (HCT) over time in a New Zealand South Island dairy herd affected by an outbreak of Theileria-associated bovine anaemia (TABA; Ikeda). A secondary aim was to relate individual cow HCTs to the amount of Theileria orientalis Ikeda DNA present in the blood, as measured by cycle threshold values, using a quantitative PCR (qPCR). Over a 6 month period, blood samples from 19 randomly selected cattle were monitored from a herd of 600 dairy cows. The sampling interval was approximately fortnightly for the first six weeks, followed by sampling at between four and six week intervals. At the initial report of the outbreak, two from six cattle were anaemic (HCT<0.25L/L). Blood collected from 14 cattle 11 days later showed that 57% (95% CI 33-77%) of the cattle sampled were anaemic. Of the 19 cattle that went on to be monitored, 12 (63% 95% CI=41-81%) developed anaemia at some point during the period of monitoring. One of the anaemic animals did not meet the case definition for TABA Ikeda. For individual cattle, the average number of days between when cattle were first detected as anaemic and when HCT returned to normal was 53days (median=47 days, range=6-92 days). At the point of notification the amount of T. orientalis Ikeda DNA in the blood of the six cattle tested was low (Cq median=36), but 11days later the amount of DNA in blood of 14 additional cows tested was relatively high (Cq median=24). Levels of all 19 cows monitored continued to remain moderately high through the period of testing (Cq median=29). This was despite a general improvement in the HCT of affected cattle. In four of the 15 cattle positive to T. orientalis Ikeda where blood fractions (plasma and whole blood) were tested, it appeared that T. orientalis Ikeda (as measured by qPCR) dropped more rapidly in plasma fractions than in whole blood at the point that HCT started to return to normal levels. Despite the assumption that tick populations were low in the Canterbury region of the South Island the impact of TABA (proportion of herd affected and the average period that animals remained anaemic) on the case herd was still relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amj McFadden
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand.
| | - M Hart
- Vetlife, 4 Hororata-Dunsandel Road, Dunsandel 7657, New Zealand
| | - I M Bueno
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - H J Ha
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - Acg Heath
- Parasitology, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D J Pulford
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
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Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Guarda NS, Bollick YS, Moresco RN, Brusque ICM, Santos RC, Baldisserotto B. Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil nanoparticles ameliorate the hepatic antioxidant/oxidant status of silver catfish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Crnogaj M, Cerón JJ, Šmit I, Kiš I, Gotić J, Brkljačić M, Matijatko V, Rubio CP, Kučer N, Mrljak V. Relation of antioxidant status at admission and disease severity and outcome in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis canis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:114. [PMID: 28438201 PMCID: PMC5402640 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine babesiosis is caused by species of the Babesia genus and has become an emerging disease worldwide. To the authors' knowledge there are no reports in which antioxidants have been analyzed in different presentations of canine babesiosis or in which the prognostic value of antioxidants has been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oxidative stress could be related to the severity and outcome of canine babesiosis. For this purpose a profile consisting of four antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione peroxidase - GPx, catalase, total antioxidant status - TAS) and malondialdehyde - MDA as an oxidant biomarker (previously evaluated, here studied for comparative purposes) were evaluated in dogs with canine babesiosis of different clinical severity and outcomes. RESULTS The study was conducted with a sample of 40 dogs suffering from babesiosis (further divided into uncomplicated, one complication and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome - MODS group) and 30 healthy dogs (control group). Additionally, the babesiosis group was divided according to the anaemia into non-anaemic, mildly anaemic, moderately anaemic and severely anaemic dogs. The results of our study showed significantly decreased SOD, catalase and TAS values in diseased dogs compared to controls, while there were no significant differences in GPx between these groups. Dogs that developed MODS showed lower activities of SOD and GPx and higher MDA values compared to dogs with uncomplicated babesiosis as well as with dogs that developed one complication. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and GPx were negatively correlated whereas MDA was positively correlated with the lethal outcome of the disease. Furthermore, this study detected more pronounced decrease in antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GPx and catalase) in dogs with moderate anaemia compared to those with mild anaemia. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed changes in biomarkers related to the antioxidant status of dogs naturally infected with B. canis canis. These biomarkers could be used as indicators of disease severity and outcome in dogs suffering from babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Crnogaj
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José Joaquin Cerón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Iva Šmit
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kiš
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Gotić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Brkljačić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Matijatko
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nada Kučer
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA, Atta MA. Physiological and lactation responses of Egyptian dairy Baladi goats to natural thermal stress under subtropical environmental conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:61-68. [PMID: 27225437 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of thermal stress on milk production and physiological traits of Baladi goats under subtropical Egyptian conditions. Sixty dairy Baladi goats were exposed to three different levels of temperature-humidity index (THI), including low (less than 70), moderate (over 70 and up to 80), and high levels (over 80). The influence of THI on the milk composition and physiological, hematological, and biochemical traits was investigated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly greater at the higher THI than at low and moderate THI (p = 0.016 and 0.002, respectively). Baladi goats had decreased daily milk yield in a rate of 27.3 and 19.3 % at high THI level, compared with low and moderate THI, respectively (p = 0.031). On the contrary, no significant differences have been reported in protein, fat, and total solids percentages at different THI levels. Total leucocyte count, serum glucose, and total protein were significantly reduced at high THI in comparison with low and moderate THI levels (p = 0.043, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). However, dairy goats maintained relatively stable estimates for erythrocytes count, hemoglobin, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and triiodothyronine at different THI levels. Our results indicate that dairy Baladi goats can tolerate THI levels up to 80; however, variable reduction in milk yield and few biochemical (serum total protein and glucose) and hematological (leucocytes count) parameters have been reported at a THI level higher than 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El-Zeraa str. 114, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Akram A El-Tarabany
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Atta
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
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Jalali SM, Jolodar A, Rasooli A, Darabifard A. Detection of Theileria lestoquardi cross infection in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:756-761. [PMID: 27787215 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Theileriosis caused by Theileria lestoquardi (malignant ovine theileriosis) in sheep and Theileria annulata (tropical theileriosis) in cattle is an important hemoprotozoal tick-borne disease in Iran. Due to major biologic and phylogenic similarities of these two species, this study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of natural infections with T.lestoquardi and T.annulata in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. Fifty one cattle were selected based on clinical signs of theileriosis and confirmation by microscopic examination of blood smears. Blood samples were collected from each animal and hematologic and microscopic examinations were performed. Theileria piroplasmic forms were detected in all affected cattle. Pale mucous membranes (43.14%), icterus (11.76%) and fever (70.6%) were also observed. PCR-RFLP analysis revealed T. annulata infection in all tested cattle while coinfections with T. lestoquardi were found in two samples (3.92%). All sampled cattle including the two with mixed species Theileria infection were anemic. This is the first report of Theileria species cross infections in cattle with clinical theileriosis in Iran. It can be concluded that cattle can be infected with both pathogenic Theileria species, T. lestoquardi and T. annulata which can be an important issue in the epidemiology and spread of ovine malignant theileriosis.
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Salem NY, Yehia SG, Farag HS, Elkhiat MA. Clinical, hemato-biochemical alterations and oxidant-antioxidant biomarkers in Babesia-infected calves. Int J Vet Sci Med 2016; 4:17-22. [PMID: 30255034 PMCID: PMC6147375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia is one of the main causes of anemia in cattle, a lot of elucidations have been suggested to explain its pathogenesis. This study was designed to investigate clinical, hemato-biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant status and its relation with the resultant anemia in Babesia-infected calves. Seventeen (17) native breed calves were involved in this study, clinical signs and microscopic findings were recorded, also blood samples were taken to investigate hematologic changes, serum biochemical variations and oxidative stress biomarkers. The most commonly observed clinical signs were fever, emaciation, depression, icterus and hemoglobinuria. Significant reduction in PCV, HB, RBCs, MCHC, Total protein, and albumin along with significant increase in MCV, WBCs, monocytes and BUN were the most consistent hemato-biochemical changes. Oxidant/antioxidant and trace mineral assessment showed significant reduction in Superoxide dismutase “SOD”, Glutathione peroxidase “GPx”, Zn, Cu along with significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) activities. In the current investigation, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance along with the synchronized alterations in antioxidant trace minerals was detected in Babesia-infected calves. These findings support notion that Babesia infection associated with oxidative stress and this process may be linked to the resultant anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Y Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa G Yehia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Heba S Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Awny Elkhiat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Radakovic M, Davitkov D, Borozan S, Stojanovic S, Stevanovic J, Krstic V, Stanimirovic Z. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in horses naturally infected with Theileria equi. Vet J 2016; 217:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nerolidol-loaded nanospheres prevent hepatic oxidative stress of mice infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Parasitology 2016; 144:148-157. [PMID: 27748203 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nerolidol free (N-F) and nerolidol-loaded in nanospheres (N-NS) on the hepatic antioxidant/oxidant status of mice experimentally infected by Trypanosoma evansi. In the liver it was measured: reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric reactive acid substances (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NPSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and performed histopathological examination. In addition, seric levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Liver samples from mice infected by T. evansi showed increased (P < 0·05) ROS, TBARS, AST and ALT levels and SOD activity, and decreased NPSH levels and CAT activity (P < 0·05) compared with uninfected animals. N-NS treatment prevented (P < 0·05) ROS and TBARS increase, and increased NPSH levels, and ameliorate CAT and SOD activities on liver of infected mice. Moreover, N-NS treatment reduced (P < 0·05) AST and ALT levels, and prevented histopathological changes caused by the parasite. N-NS protected the liver from the oxidative stress caused by T. evansi, which might be due to its antioxidant properties. Nerolidol might be considered a promising therapeutic agent against oxidative stress, and nanotechnology is an encouraging approach to be explored.
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Esmaeilnejad B, Froushani SMA. Evaluation of serum sialic acid level in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1381-6. [PMID: 27312595 PMCID: PMC5040735 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is the most economically important disease of domestic buffaloes and causing major losses in livestock production in Iran. Sialic acids are often involved in interaction between the cells and the infectious agents by regulating the molecular relations as well as mediating a variety of cell-cell adhesion processes in the immune response. This study was conducted to assess the effect of T. annulata infection on sialic acid concentration in blood sera in naturally infected buffaloes. T. annulata-infected (n = 22) and uninfected control (n = 20) adult buffaloes were selected. Theileria infection was revealed by Giemsa-stained peripheral blood and was confirmed by nested-PCR using T. annulata-specific primers. Based on the detected parasitemia, the infected animals were subgrouped into low <1 %, moderate 1-3 %, high 3-5 %, and very high >5 %. Hematological parameters and the concentrations of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA), and protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA) were measured and correlated to parasitemia. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), and sialic acid concentrations between infected and control groups. As the parasitemia increased accordingly, a significant decrease in RBCs, PCV, Hb and increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and serum sialic acids was observed. We concluded that T. annulata infection could elevate the serum sialic acid concentrations. The increased levels of serum sialic acid concentrations during parasitemia presumably stimulate the host immune response and influence the parasite-host cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA, Roushdy EM. Impact of lactation stage on milk composition and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of dairy Baladi goats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1632-1638. [PMID: 30591780 PMCID: PMC6303184 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of lactation stage on milk composition, hematological and biochemical parameters of dairy Baladi goats under Egyptian conditions. Forty-eight Baladi goats (32.8 ± 2.9 kg of BW) were enrolled in the current study. The lactation period has been divided into three stages; early (DIM less than 80 days), Mid (DIM 80-140 days), and Late (DIM over 140 days). Baladi goats had decreased daily-MY at a rate of 18.4% and 31.9% at mid and late stages of lactation, compared with early stage, respectively (p = 0.001). Furthermore, lactose% decreased significantly with progress of lactation (p = 0.017). Total solids%, however, decreased significantly at early stage of lactation in comparison with mid and late stages (p = 0.022). On the contrary, no significant differences were found in protein, fat and SNF percentages at different stages of lactation (p = 0.836, 0.625 and 0.281, respectively). Serum glucose and total protein were significantly reduced at late stage of lactation in comparison with early and mid stages (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, no significant differences were found for erythrocytes count, hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, catalase and triiodothyronine at different stages of lactation. There were high and positive correlations between daily-MY and serum total protein (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and triiodothyronine (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). However, negative estimates were reported between daily-MY and triglycerides (r = -0.55, P < 0.01) and cholesterol (r = -0.33, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that dairy Baladi goats produce milk with relatively stable protein, fat and solid not fat (SNF) contents at the different stages of lactation, encouraging the continuous utilization of their milk in processing. Also, dairy Baladi goats seem able to maintain the most vital biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Tarabany
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Akram A El-Tarabany
- Biological Applications Department, Radioisotopes Applications Division, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elshimaa M Roushdy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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Nazarizadeh A, Asri-Rezaie S. Comparative Study of Antidiabetic Activity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate in Diabetic Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:834-43. [PMID: 26349687 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, antidiabetic activity and toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were investigated in diabetic rats compared to zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with particular emphasis on oxidative stress parameters. One hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two healthy and diabetic groups, randomly. Each major group was further subdivided into five subgroups and then orally supplemented with various doses of ZnO (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) and ZnSO4 (30 mg/kg) for 56 consecutive days. ZnO showed greater antidiabetic activity compared to ZnSO4 evidenced by improved glucose disposal, insulin levels, and zinc status. The altered activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes as well as raised levels of lipid peroxidation and a marked reduction of total antioxidant capacity were observed in rats receiving ZnO. ZnO nanoparticles acted as a potent antidiabetic agent, however, severely elicited oxidative stress particularly at higher doses.
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Cattle experimentally infected by Anaplasma marginale : Influence of splenectomy on disease pathogenesis, oxidative profile, and antioxidant status. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:193-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Doyle RL, Da Silva AS, Oliveira CB, França RT, Carvalho FB, Abdalla FH, Costa P, Klafke GM, Martins JR, Tonin AA, Castro VSP, Santos FGB, Lopes STA, Andrade CM. Cholinesterases as markers of the inflammatory process associated oxidative stress in cattle infected by Babesia bigemina. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:1-6. [PMID: 27260803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the influence of an asymptomatic experimental infection by Babesia bigemina on cholinesterase's as markers of the inflammatory process and biomarkers of oxidative imbalance. For this purpose, eight naive animals were used, as follows: four as controls or uninfected; and four infected with an attenuated strain of B. bigemina. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7 and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Parasitemia was determined by blood smear evaluation, showing that the infection by B. bigemina resulted in mean 0.725 and 0.025% on day 7 and 11 PI, respectively, as well as mild anemia. The activities of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and catalase were lower, while levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and superoxide dismutase activity were higher in infected animals, when compared with the control group. This attenuated strain of B. bigemina induced an oxidative stress condition, as well as it reduces the cholinesterasés activity in infected and asymptomatic cattle. Therefore, this decrease of cholinesterase in infection by B. bigemina purpose is to inhibit inflammation, for thereby increasing acetylcholine levels, potent anti-inflammatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rovaina L Doyle
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Laboratory of Toxicology Enzymology, Department of Chemistry, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila B Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Prédio 20, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria , RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli T França
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima H Abdalla
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Costa
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Laboratory of Toxicology Enzymology, Department of Chemistry, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Klafke
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS , Brazil
| | - João R Martins
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO), Eldorado do Sul, RS , Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Tonin
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Prédio 20, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria , RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica S P Castro
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Franklin G B Santos
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros,Picos, PI , 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia T A Lopes
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Andrade
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal, Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pandey V, Nigam R, Jaiswal AK, Sudan V, Singh RK, Yadav PK. Haemato-biochemical and oxidative status of buffaloes naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:118-22. [PMID: 26242833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples were collected from 05 clinically healthy and 10 adult female water buffaloes naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Confirmation of disease free and infected status of buffaloes was made on clinical signs, observation of T. evansi parasites in the blood smear and duplex PCR based assay. Blood samples were evaluated for levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), differential leucocytes count (DLC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), calcium, phosphorous, magnesium sodium and potassium and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results of the study revealed substantial decrease in levels of Hb, PCV and increase in LPO, SOD, CAT and AST in infected animals compared to healthy animals. However other haematological and biochemical indices did not show significant variations in infected and healthy buffaloes. The enhanced erythrocytic oxidation and reduction of hematological indices, suggests that the enhanced oxidation of the erythrocytes may be a contributory factor in erythrocytic destruction and progression of the anaemia in T. evansi infection in water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India.
| | - Rajesh Nigam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Vikrant Sudan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura 281001, India
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Evaluation of antioxidant status, oxidative stress and serum trace mineral levels associated with Babesia ovis parasitemia in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:38-45. [PMID: 25086493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovine babesiosis is a fatal disease characterized by severe progressive hemolytic anemia. In order to clarify the causal mechanisms implicated in anemia, this study was aimed to assess the antioxidant status and erythrocyte oxidative stress in sheep suffering from ovine babesiosis. Babesia infection was confirmed both with Giemsa's staining blood smears and semi-nested PCR amplified region of 18S rRNA gene. Thirty-eight Iranian sheep, naturally infected with Babesia spp., were considered as the infected group and divided into four subgroups according to parasitemia rates (<1%, 1-2%, 2-3% and >3%), and the same number non-infected animals were selected as the control group. Blood samples were taken and hematological parameters, activities of antioxidant enzymes including erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), median corpuscular fragility (MCF), and serum concentrations of some trace minerals (copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and selenium) were measured. In addition, as an index of lipid peroxidation, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured. The results revealed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in RBC count, packed cell volume (PCV) and Hb concentration as well as the activities of erythrocyte GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, G6PD, TAC, MCF and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn and Se in the infected sheep. In contrast, significantly increased (P<0.01) levels of MDA and erythrocyte osmotic fragility as well as serum concentration of iron were recorded in the infected animals. Overall, the observed remarkable decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities, median corpuscular fragility and substantial elevated levels of lipid peroxidation associated with the notable increase in parasitemia indicate high exposure of RBCs to oxidative damage in Babesia infected sheep. These results indicate that the disturbed antioxidant defense mechanisms in ovine babesiosis can promote the development of anemia.
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The effect of Babesia divergens infection on the spleen of Mongolian gerbils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:483854. [PMID: 25136591 PMCID: PMC4124840 DOI: 10.1155/2014/483854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites transmitted by ticks and affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally humans. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of B. divergens infected erythrocytes on spleen histopathology, cell cycle alteration, and the presence of oxidative stress. Mongolian gerbils were challenged with 5 × 106
Babesia divergens infected erythrocytes. Parasitemia reached approximately 77% at day 5 postinfection. Infection also induced injury of the spleen. This was evidenced with (i) increases in cellular damage of the spleen, (ii) decrease in antioxidant capacity as indicated by decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels, (iii) increased production of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide derived products (nitrite/nitrate), and (iv) increased lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and protein carbonyl content in the spleen. Infection interfered with normal cell cycle of the spleen cells at G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. On the basis of the above results it can be hypothesized that B. divergens infected erythrocytes could alter the spleen histopathology and cause cell cycle alteration and induce oxidative stress in splenic tissue.
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Abd Ellah MR. Involvement of free radicals in parasitic infestations. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2012.739093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fartashvand M, Nadalian M, Sakha M, Safi S. Elevated Serum Cardiac Troponin I in Cattle with Theileriosis. J Vet Intern Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fartashvand
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Tabriz Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tabriz Iran
| | - M.G. Nadalian
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Sakha
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - S. Safi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology; Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B. Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in sheep naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Vet Parasitol 2012; 185:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matijatko V, Torti M, Schetters TP. Canine babesiosis in Europe: how many diseases? Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Correlations among Anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:385-8. [PMID: 21842137 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the correlations among Anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. Blood was collected from 11 crossbred calves infected with A. marginale along with 11 healthy crossbred calves as controls for determination of hematology and oxidative stress indicators. Percentage of parasitemia in infected calves varied from 0.8% to 6.0%. The values of hematological indicators and antioxidant enzymes were decreased, whereas erythrocytic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and plasma nitrate (NO) level were significantly (p < 0.05) augmented in A. marginale-infected animals over healthy group. Parasitemia was positively correlated (p < 0.01) with erythrocytic LPO and plasma NO and negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with hematological indicators and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, erythrocytic LPO was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with the hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume. From the present study, it can be concluded that anaplasmosis in crossbred calves is associated with a parasitic load-dependent oxidative damage as indicated by poor antioxidant status and enhanced oxidative stress, which are contributed to severe anemia.
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Saleh MA, Mahran OM, Al-Salahy MB. Corpuscular oxidation in newborn crossbred calves naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Vet Parasitol 2011; 182:193-200. [PMID: 21658844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation has been implicated as a cause of anemia in Theileria annulata infection in cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate oxidative damage of membrane lipids and proteins in addition to hemoglobin (Hb) as three criterions of erythrocyte oxidation and their relation to erythrocyte deformability and anemia of newborn crossbred calves (Friesian × Egyptian Balady breed) naturally infected with T. annulata. Twenty-five T. annulata-infected calves (aged 20-30 days) along with 15 age matched healthy controls were used. Percentage of parasitemia varied from 12% to 63% (34.76 ± 3.05%). In comparison to controls, infected calves showed increased levels (P<0.001) of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA, 52%) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls; PCs, 132%) in erythrocyte membrane as well as increased values of Hb oxidation (methemoglobin; MetHb, 186%), corpuscular osmotic fragility (15.1%) and hemolysis (free Hb; 195.5%). Parasitemia was positively correlated with MDA (r=0.41, P=0.039), PCs (r=0.45, P=0.023) and MetHb (r=0.40, P=0.042). Also, percent of erythrocytic deformability (echinocytosis) was positively correlated with MDA (r=0.49, P=0.013) and PCs (r=0.63, P<0.001). On the other hand, erythrocytic packed cell volume was negatively correlated with MDA (r=-0.44, P=0.028), PCs (r=-0.72, P<0.001) and MetHb (r=-0.42, P=0.037). In conclusion, T. annulata infection is associated with a parasitic burden-dependant oxidative damage to the erythrocyte membrane protein and lipid contents in addition to Hb. This oxidative damage is linked to the morphological changes of the erythrocyte and may act as mechanisms contribute to pathogenesis of anemia in T. annulata infection in newborn calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Saleh
- Biochemistry Unit, Regional Animal Health Research Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, El-Kharga, El-Wadi El-Gadid, 725211, Egypt.
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Ranjithkumar M, Kamili NM, Saxena A, Dan A, Dey S, Raut SS. Disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:349-53. [PMID: 21514732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium disturbance has already been reported in trypanosome infections by several authors. The present study was aimed to explore the possible oxidant/antioxidant disturbance in surra of naturally infected horses before and after treatment. Fifteen naturally infected horses were chosen to analyse erythrocytic indices, platelet counts, lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) while six healthy animals acted as control. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet levels and a significant reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P<0.05) was noticed. A highly significant increase in NO (P<0.001), a significant increase in LPO (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in GSH, SOD and CAT (P<0.05) were found. A negative correlation of RBC count with LPO (r=-0.844) and nitrate (r=-0.702) while a positive correlation with GSH (r=0.489), SOD (r=0.580) and CAT (r=0.689) was observed. All the animals were treated with Quinapyramine sulphate (3mg/kg s.c.) only once. Nine animals recovered completely without any side effects. The recovered animals were monitored and samples were collected every seven days for up to 21 days and parameters were analysed. After treatment, a significant increase in haematological parameters was noticed whereas the oxidative indices varied without any statistical significance. To conclude, the increase in oxidant parameters and decrease in antioxidant enzymes in infected horses indicates the disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant indices. There was a significant increase in post therapy haematological values, while the oxidant/antioxidant indices changed insignificantly indicating that antioxidants might be supplemented in the therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ranjithkumar
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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Alterations of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis. Vet Parasitol 2011; 180:209-14. [PMID: 21481533 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the alterations of erythrocyte protective antioxidant mechanisms, lipid peroxidation and trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis, an infected group comprised of 50 crossbred Holstein cattle, about 1-2 years old, naturally infected with Theileria annulata, were divided into 4 subgroups according to their parasitemia rates (<1%, 1-3%, 3-5%, >5%) and also 10 healthy cattle as control were selected. Blood samples were taken and hematological parameters, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase and serum concentrations of some antioxidant trace elements (copper, iron, zinc, manganese and selenium) were measured. As an index of lipid peroxidation, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was also determined. The results showed a conspicuous decrease in the activities of SOD, GPX and catalase (P<0.01), and a significant decrease in the serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn and Se in cattle with higher than 1% parasitemia (P<0.05) compared to the control. In addition, remarkable elevations in the MDA level (P<0.01) and serum concentration of iron (P<0.05) were observed in the infected animals. These findings pointed to the occurrence of exacerbating oxidative injuries to erythrocytes during parasitemia. Furthermore, it can be concluded that infection with T. annulata can interfere with protective antioxidant mechanisms of RBCs against oxidative damages, which promote the development of anemia.
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Evaluation of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and serum trace elements associated with progressive anemia in ovine malignant theileriosis. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:275-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Celi P. Oxidative Stress in Ruminants. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-071-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dimri U, Sharma M, Yamdagni A, Ranjan R, Zama M. Psoroptic mange infestation increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant status in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2010; 168:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Deger S, Deger Y, Bicek K, Ozdal N, Gul A. Status of Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidants, and Oxidation Products of Nitric Oxide in Equine Babesiosis: Status of Antioxidant and Oxidant in Equine Babesiosis. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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El-Deeb WM, Younis EE. Clinical and biochemical studies on Theileria annulata in Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with particular orientation to oxidative stress and ketosis relationship. Vet Parasitol 2009; 164:301-5. [PMID: 19559534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out on 68 Theileria annulata naturally infected buffaloes in addition to 25 parasitologically free buffaloes distributed in small herds at Dakahlia and Gharbya governorates, Egypt, to demonstrate the clinical picture associated with theileriosis in this buffaloes with particular emphasis to the oxidative stress and ketosis relationship. Clinical signs recorded in infected buffaloes were in the form of fever, enlargement of one or more lymph node, ocular discharge, corneal opacity, skin lesions, decreased milk yield, pale mucous membrane and anorexia. Blood and serum analysis revealed significant (p<or=0.05) decrease in RBCS and or Hb concentration in infected animals compared to control ones. Moreover, significant increase (p<or=0.05) in the levels of beta hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) with a significant decrease (p<or=0.05) in the levels of reduced glutathione (R.GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), glucose and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in infected animals compared to control ones. It can be concluded that T. annulata plays an important role in the occurrence of anemia, oxidative and ketotic stressor in Egyptian water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Deeb
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, EL-Gomhorya St, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt.
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Saleh MA. Erythrocytic oxidative damage in crossbred cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Altuğ N, Yüksek N, Ağaoğlu ZT, Keleş I. Determination of adenosine deaminase activity in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Trop Anim Health Prod 2007; 40:449-56. [PMID: 18575973 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-007-9119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine serum ADA activity in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. In this study, a total of 37 cross-bred cattle which 27 of it showing clinical signs of theileriosis constituted infected group and 10 healthy cattle as control group were used as animal materials. Infected group divided into three groups according to their PCV values. Cattle with PCV > or = 25 were put on group I (n = 9), those with PCV 13-24 were put on group II (n = 11) and those with PCV < or = 12 were put on group III (n = 7). Microscopical diagnosis of the disease was also made. Hematological parameters, serum enzyme activities (ADA, AST, ALT and ALP) were determined in all cattle. Hematological results revealed that significant progressive decreases in HGB, PLT, PBML counts and ratios from group I onwards to group III, whereas the WBC, PBPL counts and ratios showed an increase from group I onwards to group III. The serum ADA, AST, ALT and ALP activity increased significantly in all infected groups compared to control group. However, these parameters were also observed to decrease progressively from group I to group III. Furthermore, the highest increase in enzyme activities observed in the infected group I. But, these enzyme's activities started to decrease in infected group II and III in parallel with PBML and PLT counts. Eventhough, this decrease did not reach to the values obtained from control group. On the contrary, PBPL counts and ratios increased in infected group II and III in contrast to decrease in PCV. As a result, increased serum ADA activity in tropical theileriosis may reflect the involvement of the cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Altuğ
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Yuzuncu Yil, 65080 Van, Turkey.
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Nazifi S, Razavi SM, Mansourian M, Nikahval B, Moghaddam M. Studies on correlations among parasitaemia and some hemolytic indices in two tropical diseases (theileriosis and anaplasmosis) in Fars province of Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2007; 40:47-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-007-9052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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