1
|
Wen Z, Xu Z, Zhou Q, Li W, Wu Y, Du Y, Chen L, Xue C, Cao Y. A heterologous 'prime-boost' anti-PEDV immunization for pregnant sows protects neonatal piglets through lactogenic immunity against PEDV. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:258-263. [PMID: 31278766 PMCID: PMC7165963 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhoea in neonatal suckling piglets with a high mortality. Maternal vaccines that can induce lactogenic immunity to protect suckling piglets via colostrums and milk are pivotal for the prevention and control of PEDV infection in neonatal suckling piglets. In this study, a group of pregnant sows were first orally immunized with coated PEDV‐loaded microspheres and boosted with killed PEDV vaccines (heterologous prime‐boost). It has been detected that the levels of PEDV‐specific antibodies (IgG and IgA) in their sera and milks were higher than other negative groups (P < 0·001 or P < 0·05). Furthermore, it has been proved by the neutralization assay that the induced antibodies could significantly inhibit virus infection as compared to other negative groups (P < 0·01 or P < 0·05). Importantly, after PEDV challenge, more than 90% of the suckling piglets delivered by the sows in the heterologous prime‐boost group were completely protected. Overall, the results show that ‘heterologous prime‐boost’ form is an efficient and effective way to provide protection for suckling piglets against PEDV through lactogenic immunity. Significance and Impact of the Study As a widespread swine pathogen, PEDV affects the swine industry enormously. It causes enteritis in swine of all ages and is often fatal in neonatal piglets. Our data show that pregnant sows were immunized with ‘coated PEDV‐loaded microspheres + killed PEDV vaccines’ (heterologous prime‐boost immunization) could protect more than 90% suckling piglets delivered by the sows against the virus. These findings provide a new model of developing safe and effective immunizations for newborn animals against established and emerging enteric infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - W Li
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Wu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 15:102-122. [PMID: 31452652 DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180605092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine administration is more effective than parenteral vaccine delivery for this purpose. The challenge has been to achieve efficient vaccine uptake at mucosal surfaces, and to identify safe and effective adjuvants, especially for mucosally administered HIV envelope protein immunogens. Here, we discuss strategies used to deliver potential HIV vaccine candidates in the intestine, respiratory tract, and male and female genital tract of humans and nonhuman primates. We also review mucosal adjuvants, including Toll-like receptor agonists, which may adjuvant both mucosal humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV protein immunogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prime-boost vaccine strategy against viral infections: Mechanisms and benefits. Vaccine 2016; 34:413-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
4
|
Shollenberger LM, Bui CT, Paterson Y, Nyhoff L, Harn DA. HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses induced by Listeria vector vaccines are maintained in mice subsequently infected with a model helminth parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. Vaccine 2013; 31:5651-8. [PMID: 24120546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In areas co-endemic for helminth parasites and HIV/AIDS, infants are often administered vaccines prior to infection with immune modulatory helminth parasites. Systemic Th2 biasing and immune suppression caused by helminth infection reduces cell-mediated responses to vaccines such as tetanus toxoid and BCG. Therefore, we asked if infection with helminthes post-vaccination, alters already established vaccine induced immune responses. In our model, mice are vaccinated against HIV-1 Gag using a Listeria vaccine vector (Lm-Gag) in a prime-boost manner, then infected with the human helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. This allows us to determine if established vaccine responses are maintained or altered after helminth infection. Our second objective asked if helminth infection post-vaccination alters the recipient's ability to respond to a second boost. Here we compared responses between uninfected mice, schistosome infected mice, and infected mice that were given an anthelminthic, which occurred coincident with the boost or four weeks prior, as well as comparing to un-boosted mice. We report that HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses generated by Listeria vector HIV-1 vaccines are maintained following subsequent chronic schistosome infection, providing further evidence that Listeria vector vaccines induce potent vaccine-specific responses that can withstand helminth infection. We also were able to demonstrate that administration of a second Listeria boost, which markedly enhanced the immune response, was minimally impacted by schistosome infection, or anthelminthic therapy. Surprisingly, we also observed enhanced antibody responses to HIV Gag in vaccinated mice subsequently infected with schistosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shollenberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7387, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Bao R, Haigwood NL, Persidsky Y, Ho WZ. SIV infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin: a suitable model for HIV infection in humans. Retrovirology 2013; 10:89. [PMID: 23947613 PMCID: PMC3765527 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) has been widely used as a well-established nonhuman primate (NHP) model for HIV/AIDS research. However, there have been a growing number of studies using Chinese RM to evaluate immunopathogenesis of SIV infection. In this paper, we have for the first time reviewed and discussed the major publications related to SIV or SHIV infection of Chinese RM in the past decades. We have compared the differences in the pathogenesis of SIV infection between Chinese RM and Indian RM with regard to viral infection, immunological response, and host genetic background. Given AIDS is a disease that affects humans of diverse origins, it is of importance to study animals with different geographical background. Therefore, to examine and compare results obtained from RM models of Indian and Chinese origins should lead to further validation and improvement of these animal models for HIV/AIDS research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- The Center for Animal Experiment/ ABSL-III Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P,R, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frencher JT, Ryan-Pasyeur BK, Huang D, Wang RC, McMullen PD, Letvin NL, Collins WE, Freitag NE, Malkovsky M, Chen CY, Shen L, Chen ZW. SHIV antigen immunization alters patterns of immune responses to SHIV/malaria coinfection and protects against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:260-70. [PMID: 23568175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether vaccination against a virus can protect against more virulent coinfection with the virus and additional pathogen(s) remains poorly characterized. Overlapping endemicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria suggests that HIV/malaria coinfection frequently complicates acute and chronic HIV infection. Here we showed that vaccination of macaques with recombinant Listeria ΔactA prfA* expressing simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) gag and env elicited Gag- and Env-specific T-cell responses, and protected against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria after SHIV/Plasmodium fragile coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization reduced peak viremia, resisted SHIV/malaria-induced lymphoid destruction, and blunted coinfection-accelerated decline of CD4(+) T-cell counts after SHIV/malaria coinfection. SHIV antigen immunization also weakened coinfection-driven overreactive proinflammatory interferon-γ (IFNγ) responses and led to developing T helper cell 17/22 (Th17/Th22) responses after SHIV/malaria coinfection. The findings suggest that vaccination against AIDS virus can alter patterns of immune responses to the SHIV/malaria coinfection and protect against life-threatening SHIV-related malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T Frencher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shollenberger LM, Bui C, Paterson Y, Allen K, Harn D. Successful vaccination of immune suppressed recipients using Listeria vector HIV-1 vaccines in helminth infected mice. Vaccine 2013; 31:2050-6. [PMID: 23470236 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines for HIV, malaria and TB remain high priorities, especially for sub-Saharan populations. The question is: will vaccines currently in development for these diseases function in populations that have a high prevalence of helminth infection? Infection with helminth parasites causes immune suppression and a CD4+ Th2 skewing of the immune system, thereby impairing Th1-type vaccine efficacy. In this study, we conduct HIV vaccine trials in mice with and without chronic helminth infection to mimic the human vaccine recipient populations in Sub-Saharan Africa and other helminth parasite endemic regions of the world, as there is large overlap in global prevalence for HIV and helminth infection. Here, we demonstrate that Listeria monocytogenes functions as a vaccine vector to drive robust and functional HIV-specific cellular immune responses, irrespective of chronic helminth infection. This observation represents a significant advance in the field of vaccine research and underscores the concept that vaccines in the developmental pipeline should be effective in the target populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shollenberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7387, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Active immunotherapy targeting dendritic cells (DCs) has shown great promise in preclinical models and in human clinical trials for the treatment of malignant disease. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge, Dendreon, Seattle, WA), which consists of antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs), recently became the first targeted therapeutic cancer vaccine to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, ex vivo therapies such as Provenge have practical limitations and elicit an immune response with limited scope. By contrast, live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) naturally targets DCs in vivo and stimulates both innate and adaptive cellular immunity. Lm-based vaccines engineered to express cancer antigens have demonstrated striking efficacy in several animal models and have resulted in encouraging anecdotal survival benefit in early human clinical trials. Two different Lm-based vaccine platforms have advanced into phase II clinical trials in cervical and pancreatic cancer. Future Lm-based clinical vaccine candidates are expected to feature polyvalent antigen expression and to be used in combination with other immunotherapies or conventional therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy to augment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dung T Le
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center and the Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
New insights in mucosal vaccine development. Vaccine 2011; 30:142-54. [PMID: 22085556 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are the major entrance for infectious pathogens and therefore mucosal immune responses serve as a first line of defence. Most current immunization procedures are obtained by parenteral injection and only few vaccines are administered by mucosal route, because of its low efficiency. However, targeting of mucosal compartments to induce protective immunity at both mucosal sites and systemic level represents a great challenge. Major efforts are made to develop new mucosal candidate vaccines by selecting appropriate antigens with high immunogenicity, designing new mucosal routes of administration and selecting immune-stimulatory adjuvant molecules. The aim of mucosal vaccines is to induce broad potent protective immunity by specific neutralizing antibodies at mucosal surfaces and by induction of cellular immunity. Moreover, an efficient mucosal vaccine would make immunization procedures easier and be better suited for mass administration. This review focuses on contemporary developments of mucosal vaccination approaches using different routes of administration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu H, Gama L, Aye PP, Clements JE, Barry PA, Lackner AA, Weissman D. SIV antigen immunization induces transient antigen-specific T cell responses and selectively activates viral replication in draining lymph nodes in retroviral suppressed rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2011; 8:57. [PMID: 21752277 PMCID: PMC3148979 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-8-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection causes a qualitative and quantitative loss of CD4+ T cell immunity. The institution of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4+ T cell responses to many pathogens, but HIV-specific responses remain deficient. Similarly, therapeutic immunization with HIV antigens of chronically infected, ART treated subjects results in poor induction of HIV-specific CD4 responses. In this study, we used a macaque model of ART treatment during chronic infection to study the virologic consequences of SIV antigen stimulation in lymph nodes early after immunization. Rhesus CMV (RhCMV) seropositive, Mamu A*01 positive rhesus macaques were chronically infected with SIVmac251 and treated with ART. The immune and viral responses to SIV gag and RhCMV pp65 antigen immunization in draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood were analyzed. Animals were immunized on contralateral sides with SIV gag and RhCMV pp65 encoding plasmids, which allowed lymph nodes draining each antigen to be obtained at the same time from the same animal for direct comparison. Results We observed that both SIV and RhCMV immunizations stimulated transient antigen-specific T cell responses in draining lymph nodes. The RhCMV-specific responses were potent and sustained (50 days post-immunization) in the periphery, while the SIV-specific responses were transient and extinguished quickly. The SIV antigen stimulation selectively induced transient SIV replication in draining lymph nodes. Conclusions The data are consistent with a model whereby viral replication in response to SIV antigen stimulation limits the generation of SIV antigen-specific responses and suggests a potential mechanism for the early loss and poor HIV-specific CD4+ T cell response observed in HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intranasal vaccination with the recombinant Listeria monocytogenes ΔactA prfA* mutant elicits robust systemic and pulmonary cellular responses and secretory mucosal IgA. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:640-6. [PMID: 21270282 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00254-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that recombinant (r) Listeria monocytogenes carrying ΔactA and a selected prfA* mutation (r-Listeria ΔactA prfA*) secreted >100-fold more immunogen in broth culture than wild-type r-Listeria or r-Listeria ΔactA and elicited much greater cellular and humoral immune responses than r-Listeria ΔactA after intravenous vaccination of mice. Here, we conducted comparative studies evaluating vaccine-elicited immune responses in systemic and mucosal sites after intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous immunization of mice with r-Listeria ΔactA prfA* vaccine candidates. Intranasal vaccination of mice with r-Listeria ΔactA prfA* vaccine candidates elicited a robust gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) cellular response in systemic sites, although intravenous or intraperitoneal immunization was more efficient. Surprisingly, intranasal vaccination elicited an appreciable pulmonary IFN-γ(+) cellular response that was nonstatistically higher than the magnitude induced by the intravenous route but was significantly greater than that elicited by subcutaneous immunization. Furthermore, although intranasal r-Listeria ΔactA prfA* delivery induced poor systemic IgG responses, intranasal vaccination elicited appreciable secretory immunogen-specific IgA titers that were similar to or higher in mucosal fluid than those induced by subcutaneous and intravenous immunizations. Thus, intranasal vaccination with r-Listeria ΔactA prfA* appears to be a useful approach for eliciting robust systemic and pulmonary cellular responses and measurable secretory mucosal IgA titers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Azizi A, Kumar A, Diaz-Mitoma F, Mestecky J. Enhancing oral vaccine potency by targeting intestinal M cells. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001147. [PMID: 21085599 PMCID: PMC2978714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system in the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in the control of infection, as it constitutes the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens. The attractive features of oral immunization have led to the exploration of a variety of oral delivery systems. However, none of these oral delivery systems have been applied to existing commercial vaccines. To overcome this, a new generation of oral vaccine delivery systems that target antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissue is required. One promising approach is to exploit the potential of microfold (M) cells by mimicking the entry of pathogens into these cells. Targeting specific receptors on the apical surface of M cells might enhance the entry of antigens, initiating the immune response and consequently leading to protection against mucosal pathogens. In this article, we briefly review the challenges associated with current oral vaccine delivery systems and discuss strategies that might potentially target mouse and human intestinal M cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azizi
- Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cafaro A, Macchia I, Maggiorella MT, Titti F, Ensoli B. Innovative approaches to develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HIV/AIDS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 655:189-242. [PMID: 20047043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged in the human population in the summer of 1981. According to the latest United Nations estimates, worldwide over 33 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence rates continue to rise globally. To control the alarming spread of HIV, an urgent need exists for developing a safe and effective vaccine that prevents individuals from becoming infected or progressing to disease. To be effective, an HIV/AIDS vaccine should induce broad and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses, at both mucosal and systemic level. However, the nature of protective immune responses remains largely elusive and this represents one of the major roadblocks preventing the development of an effective vaccine. Here we summarize our present understanding of the factors responsible for resistance to infection or control of progression to disease in human and monkey that may be relevant to vaccine development and briefly review recent approaches which are currently being tested in clinical trials. Finally, the rationale and the current status of novel strategies based on nonstructural HIV-1 proteins, such as Tat, Nef and Rev, used alone or in combination with modified structural HIV-1 Env proteins are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Cafaro
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haut LH, Ertl HCJ. Obstacles to the successful development of an efficacious T cell-inducing HIV-1 vaccine. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:779-93. [PMID: 19597003 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0209094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious vaccine to HIV-1 is direly needed to stem the global pandemic. Immunogens that elicit broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 remain elusive, and thus, most HIV-1 vaccine efforts are focusing on induction of T cells. The notion that T cells can mediate protection against HIV-1 has been called into question by the failure of the STEP trial, which was designed to test this concept by the use of an E1-deleted Ad vaccine carrier. Lack of efficacy of the STEP trial vaccine underscores our limited knowledge about correlates of immune protection against HIV-1 and stresses the need for an enhanced commitment to basic research, including preclinical and clinical vaccine studies. In this review, we discuss known correlates of protection against HIV-1 and different vaccine strategies that have been or are being explored to induce such correlates, focusing on T cell-inducing vaccines and particularly on Ad vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Herkenhoff Haut
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mustafa W, Maciag PC, Pan ZK, Weaver JR, Xiao Y, Isaacs SN, Paterson Y. Listeria monocytogenes delivery of HPV-16 major capsid protein L1 induces systemic and mucosal cell-mediated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses after oral immunization. Viral Immunol 2009; 22:195-204. [PMID: 19435416 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2008.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are thought to be required at mucosal surfaces to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. However, the potential for cell-mediated immunity in mediating protection against HPV infection has not been well explored. We generated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) constructs that secrete listeriolysin O (LLO) fused with overlapping N-terminal (LLO-L1(1-258)) or C-terminal (LLO-L1(238-474)) fragments of HPV type 16 major capsid protein L1 (HPV-16-L1). Oral immunization of mice with either construct induced IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the spleen and in the Peyer's patches with the C-terminal construct. Oral immunization with both constructs resulted in diminished viral titers in the cervix and uterus of mice after intravaginal challenge with vaccinia virus expressing HPV-16-L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia Q, Lee BY, Clemens DL, Bowen RA, Horwitz MA. Recombinant attenuated Listeria monocytogenes vaccine expressing Francisella tularensis IglC induces protection in mice against aerosolized Type A F. tularensis. Vaccine 2009; 27:1216-29. [PMID: 19126421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fransicella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is in the top category (Category A) of potential agents of bioterrorism. To develop a safer vaccine against aerosolized F. tularensis, we have employed an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes, which shares with F. tularensis an intracellular and extraphagosomal lifestyle, as a delivery vehicle for F. tularensis antigens. We constructed recombinant L. monocytogenes (rLm) vaccines stably expressing seven F. tularensis proteins including IglC (rLm/iglC), and tested their immunogenicity and protective efficacy against lethal F. tularensis challenge in mice. Mice immunized intradermally with rLm/iglC developed significant cellular immune responses to F. tularensis IglC as evidenced by lymphocyte proliferation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell intracellular expression of interferon gamma. Moreover, mice immunized with rLm/iglC were protected against lethal challenge with F. tularensis LVS administered by the intranasal route, a route chosen to mimic airborne infection, and, most importantly, against aerosol challenge with the highly virulent Type A F. tularensis SchuS4 strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Jia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, 37-121 Center for Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1688, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chege GK, Shephard EG, Meyers A, van Harmelen J, Williamson C, Lynch A, Gray CM, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL. HIV-1 subtype C Pr55gag virus-like particle vaccine efficiently boosts baboons primed with a matched DNA vaccine. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2214-2227. [PMID: 18753231 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA vaccine expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) southern African subtype C Gag (pTHGag) and a recombinant baculovirus Pr55gag virus-like particle prepared using a subtype C Pr55gag protein (Gag VLP) was tested in a prime-boost inoculation regimen in Chacma baboons. The response of five baboons to Gag peptides in a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay after three pTHGag immunizations ranged from 100 to 515 spot-forming units (s.f.u.) per 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), whilst the response of two baboons to the Gag VLP vaccine ranged from 415 to 465 s.f.u. per 10(6) PBMCs. An increase in the Gag-specific response to a range of 775-3583 s.f.u. per 10(6) PBMCs was achieved by boosting with Gag VLPs the five baboons that were primed with pTHGag. No improvement in Gag responses was achieved in this prime-boost inoculation regimen by increasing the number of pTHGag inoculations to six. IFN-gamma responses were mapped to several peptides, some of which have been reported to be targeted by PBMCs from HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals. Gag VLPs, given as a single-modality regimen, induced a predominantly CD8+ T-cell IFN-gamma response and interleukin-2 was a major cytokine within a mix of predominantly Th1 cytokines produced by a DNA-VLP prime-boost modality. The prime-boost inoculation regimen induced high serum p24 antibody titres in all baboons, which were several fold above that induced by the individual vaccines. Overall, this study demonstrated that these DNA prime/VLP boost vaccine regimens are highly immunogenic in baboons, inducing high-magnitude and broad multifunctional responses, providing support for the development of these products for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald K Chege
- Institute of Primate Research, PO Box 24481, Karen 00502, Nairobi, Kenya.,Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Enid G Shephard
- MRC/UCT Liver Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Meyers
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joanne van Harmelen
- Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alisson Lynch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clive M Gray
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sequential priming with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA vaccines, with or without encoded cytokines, and a replicating adenovirus-SIV recombinant followed by protein boosting does not control a pathogenic SIVmac251 mucosal challenge. J Virol 2008; 82:10911-21. [PMID: 18753198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01129-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, combination DNA/nonreplicating adenovirus (Ad)- or poxvirus-vectored vaccines have strongly protected against SHIV(89.6P), DNAs expressing cytokines have modulated immunity elicited by DNA vaccines, and replication-competent Ad-recombinant priming and protein boosting has strongly protected against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge. Here we evaluated a vaccine strategy composed of these promising components. Seven rhesus macaques per group were primed twice with multigenic SIV plasmid DNA with or without interleukin-12 (IL-12) DNA or IL-15 DNA. After a multigenic replicating Ad-SIV immunization, all groups received two booster immunizations with SIV gp140 and SIV Nef protein. Four control macaques received control DNA plasmids, empty Ad vector, and adjuvant. All vaccine components were immunogenic, but the cytokine DNAs had little effect. Macaques that received IL-15-DNA exhibited higher peak anti-Nef titers, a more rapid anti-Nef anamnestic response postchallenge, and expanded CD8(CM) T cells 2 weeks postchallenge compared to the DNA-only group. Other immune responses were indistinguishable between groups. Overall, no protection against intrarectal challenge with SIV(mac251) was observed, although immunized non-Mamu-A*01 macaques as a group exhibited a statistically significant 1-log decline in acute viremia compared to non-Mamu-A*01 controls. Possible factors contributing to the poor outcome include administration of cytokine DNAs to sites different from the Ad recombinants (intramuscular and intratracheal, respectively), too few DNA priming immunizations, a suboptimal DNA delivery method, failure to ensure delivery of SIV and cytokine plasmids to the same cell, and instability and short half-life of the IL-15 component. Future experiments should address these issues to determine if this combination approach is able to control a virulent SIV challenge.
Collapse
|
19
|
Selected prfA* mutations in recombinant attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strains augment expression of foreign immunogens and enhance vaccine-elicited humoral and cellular immune responses. Infect Immun 2008; 76:3439-50. [PMID: 18474644 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00245-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While recombinant Listeria monocytogenes strains can be explored as vaccine candidates, it is important to develop attenuated but highly immunogenic L. monocytogenes vaccine vectors. Here, prfA* mutations selected on the basis of upregulated expression of L. monocytogenes PrfA-dependent genes and proteins were assessed to determine their abilities to augment expression of foreign immunogens in recombinant L. monocytogenes vectors and therefore enhance vaccine-elicited immune responses (a prfA* mutation is a mutation that results in constitutive overexpression of PrfA and PrfA-dependent virulence genes; the asterisk distinguishes the mutation from inactivation or stop mutations). A total of 63 recombinant L. monocytogenes vaccine vectors expressing seven individual viral or bacterial immunogens each in nine different L. monocytogenes strains carrying wild-type prfA or having prfA* mutations were constructed and investigated. Mutations selected on the basis of increased PrfA activation in recombinant L. monocytogenes prfA* vaccine vectors augmented expression of seven individual protein immunogens remarkably. Consistently, prime and boost vaccination studies with mice indicated that the prfA(G155S) mutation in recombinant L. monocytogenes DeltaactA prfA* strains enhanced vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses. Surprisingly, the prfA(G155S) mutation was found to enhance vaccine-elicited humoral immune responses as well. The highly immunogenic recombinant L. monocytogenes DeltaactA prfA* vaccine strains were as attenuated as the recombinant parent L. monocytogenes DeltaactA vaccine vector. Thus, recombinant attenuated L. monocytogenes DeltaactA prfA* vaccine vectors potentially are better antimicrobial and anticancer vaccines.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sacco RE. DNA vaccines against infectious agents: recent strategies for enhancing immune responses. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
Schoenly KA, Weiner DB. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine development: recent advances in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte platform "spotty business". J Virol 2008; 82:3166-80. [PMID: 17989174 PMCID: PMC2268479 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01634-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Schoenly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Augmentation of SIV DNA vaccine-induced cellular immunity by targeting the 4-1BB costimulatory molecule. Vaccine 2008; 26:3121-34. [PMID: 18336959 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines are effective at inducing antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Approaches to improve these responses, however, are needed. We examined the effect of stimulating 4-1BB, an activation-inducible T-cell costimulatory receptor, by intravenously co-administering anti-human 4-1BB monoclonal antibody (mAb) in DNA-immunized cynomolgus macaques. Three groups of six cynomolgus macaques were immunized intramuscularly with a DNA vaccine encoding SIV Gag antigen (pSIVgag) at weeks 0, 4 and 8. At days 12, 15, and 19, six macaques received anti-4-1BB 4E9 mAb and six macaques received anti-4-1BB 10C7 mAb. Treatment with 10C7 mAb led to a significant augmentation of SIV Gag-specific IFN-gamma, granzyme B and perforin responses. Treatment with humanized 4E9 mAb also resulted in an enhancement of SIV Gag-specific cellular responses but the magnitude was lower compared to animals receiving 10C7 mAb. These responses persisted up to week 40 and were mostly mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Treatment with anti-4-1BB mAb was more effective in driving the CD8(+) T cells toward a more differentiated CCR7(-)/CD45RA(+) effector state. This study demonstrates that targeting the 4-1BB molecule in vivo results in an enhanced and long-lasting cellular immune response. 4-1BB stimulation may be a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of DNA vaccines.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang S, Rasmussen RA, McGeehan K, Frankel FR, Lieberman J, McClure HM, Williams KM, Babu US, Raybourne RB, Strobert E, Ruprecht RM. Live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes expressing HIV Gag: immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys. Vaccine 2007; 25:7470-9. [PMID: 17854955 PMCID: PMC2518091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Induction of strong cellular immunity will be important for AIDS vaccine candidates. Natural infection with wild-type Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), an orally transmitted organism, is known to generate strong cellular immunity, thus raising the possibility that live attenuated Lm could serve as a vaccine vector. We sought to examine the potential of live attenuated Lm to induce cellular immune responses to HIV Gag. Rhesus macaques were immunized with Lmdd-gag that expresses HIV gag and lacks two genes in the D-alanine (D-ala) synthesis pathway. Without this key component of the bacterial cell wall, vaccine vector replication critically depends on exogenous D-ala. Lmdd-gag was given to animals either solely orally or by oral priming followed by intramuscular (i.m.) boosting; D-ala was co-administered with all vaccinations. Lmdd-gag and D-ala were well tolerated. Oral priming/oral boosting induced Gag-specific cellular immune responses, whereas oral priming/i.m. boosting induced systemic as well as mucosal anti-Gag antibodies. These results suggest that the route of vaccination may bias anti-Gag immune responses either towards T-helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 responses; overall, our data show that live attenuated, recombinant Lmdd-gag is safe and immunogenic in primates.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genes, gag
- HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis
- HIV Antibodies/blood
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization, Secondary
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Listeria monocytogenes/genetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macaca mulatta
- Safety
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shisong Jiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Robert A. Rasmussen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Katrina McGeehan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Fred R. Frankel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Judy Lieberman
- CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Harold M. McClure
- Division of Research Resources and Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Kristina M. Williams
- Immunobiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708
| | - Uma S. Babu
- Immunobiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708
| | - Richard B. Raybourne
- Immunobiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708
| | - Elizabeth Strobert
- Division of Research Resources and Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
- *Corresponding author. Tel: +1-617-632-3719; fax: +1-617-632-3112. E-mail address:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Orr MT, Orgun NN, Wilson CB, Way SS. Cutting edge: recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing a single immune-dominant peptide confers protective immunity to herpes simplex virus-1 infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:4731-5. [PMID: 17404252 PMCID: PMC2626165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of the world's population is infected with HSV. Although antiviral therapy can reduce the incidence of reactivation and asymptomatic viral shedding, and limit morbidity and mortality from active disease, it cannot cure infection. Therefore, the development of an effective vaccine is an important global health priority. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) expressing the H-2K(b) glycoprotein B (gB)(498-505) peptide from HSV-1 triggers a robust CD8 T cell response to this Ag resulting in protective immunity to HSV infection. Following challenge with HSV-1, immune-competent mice primed with recombinant Lm-expressing gB(498-505) Ag were protected from HSV-induced paralysis. Protection was associated with dramatic reductions in recoverable virus, and early expansion of HSV-1-specific CD8 T cells in the regional lymph nodes. Thus, recombinant Lm-expressing Ag from HSV represents a promising new class of vaccines against HSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Orr
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nural N. Orgun
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Christopher B. Wilson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao X, Zhang M, Li Z, Frankel FR. Vaginal protection and immunity after oral immunization of mice with a novel vaccine strain of Listeria monocytogenes expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag. J Virol 2006; 80:8880-90. [PMID: 16940500 PMCID: PMC1563909 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00894-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs at mucosal surfaces. During acute infection, intestinal and other mucosae are preferential sites of virus replication and rapidly become depleted of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, mucosal immunity may be critical to control both initial infection and the massive early spread of virus. An attenuated D-alanine-requiring strain of the oral intracellular microorganism Listeria monocytogenes expressing HIV type 1 gag was shown to induce protective cell-mediated immunity in mice against viruses that express HIV gag when immunization occurs in the presence of a transient supply of D-alanine. In this study, we examined the efficacy of new attenuated strains that are able to synthesize d-alanine from a heterologous dal gene tightly regulated by an actA-promoted resolvase recombination system. In the absence of d-alanine, Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced systemically after intravenous immunization, and one strain, Lmdd-gag/pARS, induced strong dose-dependent Gag-specific CTLs after oral immunization. A significant level of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells was induced in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Upon intravaginal challenge of these orally immunized mice with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing HIV gag, gamma interferon- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-secreting Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells were dramatically increased in the spleen and MALTs. Oral immunization with Lmdd-gag/pARS led to complete protection against vaginal challenge by a homologous clade B gag-expressing rVV. In addition, strong cross-clade protection was seen against clades A and C and partial protection against clade G gag-expressing rVV. These results suggest that Lmdd-gag/pARS may be considered as a novel vaccine candidate for use against HIV/AIDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 203C Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hokey DA, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines for HIV: challenges and opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 28:267-79. [PMID: 17031649 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-006-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In December 2005, the UNAIDS and WHO reported that the global epidemic known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has claimed the lives of more than 25 million adults and children over the past 26 years. These figures included an estimated 3.1 million AIDS-related deaths in 2005. Despite enormous efforts to control the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) new infection rates are on the rise. An estimated 40.3 million people are now living with HIV, including 4.9 million new infections this past year. Nearly half of new HIV infections are in young people between the ages of 15 and 24. While drug therapies have helped sustain the lives of infected individuals in wealthy regions, they are relatively unavailable to the poorest global regions. This includes sub-Saharan Africa which has approximately 25.8 million infected individuals, more than triple the number of infections of any other region in the world. It is widely believed that the greatest hope for controlling this devastating pandemic is a vaccine. In this review, we will discuss the current state of DNA-based vaccines and how they compare to other vaccination methods currently under investigation. We will also discuss innovative ideas for enhancing DNA vaccine efficacy and the progress being made toward developing an effective vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Hokey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
A DNA prime-oral Listeria boost vaccine in rhesus macaques induces a SIV-specific CD8 T cell mucosal response characterized by high levels of alpha4beta7 integrin and an effector memory phenotype. Virology 2006; 354:299-315. [PMID: 16904153 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study in Rhesus macaques, we tested whether IL-12 or IL-15 in a DNA prime-oral Listeria boost amplifies the SIV-Gag-specific CD8 mucosal response. SIV-specific CD8 T cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood (PB) in all test vaccine groups, but not the control group. SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cells in the PB expressed alpha4beta7 integrin, the gut-homing receptor; a minor subset co-express alphaEbeta7 integrin. SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cells were also detected in the gut tissue, intraepithelial (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) of the duodenum and ileum. These cells were characterized by high levels of beta7 integrin expression and a predominance of the effector memory phenotype. Neither Il-12 nor IL-15 amplified the frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells in the gut. Thus, the DNA prime-oral Listeria boost strategy induced a mucosal SIV-Gag-specific CD8 T cell response characterized by expression of the alpha4beta7 integrin gut-homing receptor.
Collapse
|
28
|
Masopust D, Ha SJ, Vezys V, Ahmed R. Stimulation History Dictates Memory CD8 T Cell Phenotype: Implications for Prime-Boost Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:831-9. [PMID: 16818737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination results in increased frequencies of memory T cells. Although these quantitative effects of reexposure to Ag are well documented, little is known about the impact of boosting on the functional qualities of memory T cells. To address this critical issue, we have used three different types of immunization regimens and examined how boosting effects the function and anatomic location of memory CD8 T cells. We found that memory T cell phenotype differed substantially depending on the number of immunizations and that secondary and tertiary responses resulted in the generation of memory CD8 T cells that retained effector-like properties and showed preferential accumulation in nonlymphoid tissues. These results show that memory differentiation is coupled to the history of Ag experience and that prime-boost vaccination strategies have important consequences on memory CD8 T cell quality and surveillance within mucosal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Masopust
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koff WC, Johnson PR, Watkins DI, Burton DR, Lifson JD, Hasenkrug KJ, McDermott AB, Schultz A, Zamb TJ, Boyle R, Desrosiers RC. HIV vaccine design: insights from live attenuated SIV vaccines. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:19-23. [PMID: 16357854 DOI: 10.1038/ni1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative has established a consortium to elucidate mechanisms of protection conferred by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines in monkeys. Here, the strategies defining key components of the protective immune response elicited by these vaccines are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne C Koff
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York 10038, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boyer JD, Maciag PC, Parkinson R, Wu L, Lewis MG, Weiner DB, Paterson Y. Rhesus macaques with high levels of vaccine induced IFN-gamma producing cells better control viral set-point following challenge with SIV239. Vaccine 2005; 24:4498-502. [PMID: 16185790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 specific cellular immune responses play a significant part in controlling HIV-1 viral replication and are an important component of an HIV-1 vaccine induced immune response. We reported earlier that recombinant DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly, and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes, delivered orally induced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune responses in rhesus macaques and that this vaccine protocol showed partial protection against an SIV239 challenge. In this paper, we have analyzed the SIV antigen-specific immune responses at the time of challenge and during the subsequent infection course. We find that the immune status of the animals, as measured by the frequency of antigen-specific IFN-gamma secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, at the time of challenge correlates more strongly with viral loads at set point than peak viral loads. The correlation between the immune response and viral load was strongest early, as viral set-point was just being established and disintegrates overtime. This study demonstrates the cellular immune response to SIV at the time of challenge of a nonhuman primate is able to impact on viral set-point following SIV239 challenge. Further, this study demonstrates that as virus replicates the T cell immune response to SIV antigens induced by the vaccine is modulated by antigen encountered by immune cells during viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 505 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Since the discovery of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) causing AIDS-like diseases in Asian macaques, non-human primates (NHP) have played an important role in AIDS vaccine research. A multitude of vaccines and immunization approaches have been evaluated, including live attenuated viruses, DNA vaccines, viral and bacterial vectors, subunit proteins, and combinations thereof. Depending on the particular vaccine and model used, varying degrees of protection have been achieved, including prevention of infection, reduction of viral load, and amelioration of disease. In a few instances, potential safety concerns and vaccine-enhanced pathogenicity have also been noted. In the past decade, sophisticated methodologies have been developed to define the mechanisms of protective immunity. However, a clear road map for HIV vaccine development has yet to emerge. This is in part because of the intrinsic nature of the surrogate model and in part because of the improbability of any single model to fully capture the complex interactions of natural HIV infection in humans. The lack of standardization, the limited models available, and the incomplete understanding of the immunobiology of NHP contribute to the difficulty to extrapolate findings from such models to HIV vaccine development. Until efficacy data become available from studies of parallel vaccine concepts in humans and macaques, the predictive value of any NHP model remains unknown. Towards this end, greater appreciation of the utility and limitations of the NHP model and further developments to better mimic HIV infection in humans will likely help inform future AIDS vaccine efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, 98121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|