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Identification and Characterization of Genes Related to Resistance of Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection in Bombyx mori. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050435. [PMID: 35621772 PMCID: PMC9144136 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a kind of baculovirus that was initially found and named for its host, but the previous study reveals several silkworm strains are preferentially susceptible to AcMNPV through intrahemocelical injection method. In the following study, genetics analysis showed that a set of potential genes which controlled resistance of AcMNPV was located on chromosome 3. In the present research, we performed Genome-Wide Association Studies to identify the gene that controls the resistance of AcMNPV, results show that the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC-1) gene is strongly associated with this resistance. Then we found that there are several amino acid mutations in the protein sequence of BmNPC1 between two different resistance strains of Bombyx mori. RNAi results showed that BmNPC1 successfully suppressed virus infection ability and changed the expression pattern of viral genes. Abstract In Bombyx mori, as an important economic insect, it was first found that some strains were completely refractory to infection with Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) through intrahemocelical injection; whereas almost all natural strains had difficulty resisting Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), which is also a member of the family Baculoviridae. Previous genetics analysis research found that this trait was controlled by a potentially corresponding locus on chromosome 3, but the specific gene and mechanism was still unknown. With the help of the massive silkworm strain re-sequencing dataset, we performed the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify the gene related to the resistance of AcMNPV in this study. The GWAS results showed that the Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC-1) gene was the most associated with the trait. The knockdown experiments in BmN cells showed that BmNPC1 has a successful virus suppression infection ability. We found a small number of amino acid mutations among different resistant silkworms, which indicates that these mutations contributed to the resistance of AcMNPV. Furthermore, inhibition of the BmNPC1 gene also changed the viral gene expression of the AcMNPV, which is similar to the expression profile in the transcriptome data of p50 and C108 strains.
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Li T, Wang X, Qin S, Sun X, Wang S, Li M. The hemolymph melanization response is related to defence against the AcMNPV infection in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21764. [PMID: 34272769 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melanization is mediated by the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation cascade and plays an important role in the arthropods immune system. Previously, we found that the hemolymph of the p50 strain does not perform melanization after infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). However, this mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the underlying mechanism of the inhibition of hemolymph melanization was investigated by analysing the AcMNPV-susceptible or -resistant silkworm strains after inoculation with AcMNPV. The results showed that the level of hemolymph melanization was higher in resistant strain C108 than in susceptible strain p50 at the late stage (72 to 120 h postinoculation). The PO activity decreased significantly at the late stage of infection (72 to 120 hpi), and the expression of BmPPO1 and BmPPO2 was downregulated in p50. However, the PO activity increased in the resistant strain C108, while the expression level of BmPPO1 and BmPPO2 displayed no significant changes. The expression of the BmPPAE gene was upregulated in two strains during viral infection. In addition, the hemolymph melanization can weaken the viral activity in vitro. Our results suggested that the silkworm hemolymph melanization response is related to defence against the AcMNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Geng H, Yang T, Han Z, He X, Lin K, Xu F. A Recombinant Baculovirus Efficiently Generates Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cultured Insect Cells and Larvae. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:38-47. [PMID: 29988889 PMCID: PMC6034586 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current large-scale recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production systems based on the baculovirus expression vector (BEV) remain complicated and cost-intensive, and they lack versatility and flexibility. Here we present a novel recombinant baculovirus integrated with all packaging elements for the production of rAAV. To optimize BEV construction, ribosome leaky-scanning mechanism was used to express AAV Rep and Cap proteins downstream of the PH and P10 promoters in the pFast.Bac.Dual vector, respectively, and the rAAV genome was inserted between the two promoters. The yields of rAAV2, rAAV8, and rAAV9 derived from the BEV-infected Sf9 cells exceeded 105 vector genomes (VG) per cell. The BEV was shown to be stable and showed no apparent decrease of rAAV yield after at least four serial passages. The rAAVs derived from the new Bac system displayed high-quality and high-transduction activity. Additionally, rAAV2 could be efficiently generated from BEV-infected beet armyworm larvae at a per-larvae yield of 2.75 ± 1.66 × 1010 VG. The rAAV2 derived from larvae showed a structure similar to the rAAV2 derived from HEK293 cells, and it also displayed high-transduction activity. In summary, the novel BEV is ideally suitable for large-scale rAAV production. Further, this study exploits a potential cost-efficient platform for rAAV production in insect larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zengpeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kunzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Brain Research Center, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Xing D, Yang Q, Jiang L, Li Q, Xiao Y, Ye M, Xia Q. RNA-Seq Analyses for Two Silkworm Strains Reveals Insight into Their Susceptibility and Resistance to Beauveria bassiana Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E234. [PMID: 28208575 PMCID: PMC5343773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an economically important species. White muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana is the main fungal disease in sericulture, and understanding the silkworm responses to B. bassiana infection is of particular interest. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses in two silkworm strains Haoyue (HY, sensitive to B. bassiana) and Kang 8 (K8, resistant to B. bassiana) using an RNA-seq approach. For each strain, three biological replicates for immersion treatment, two replicates for injection treatment and three untreated controls were collected to generate 16 libraries for sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between treated samples and untreated controls, and between the two silkworm strains, were identified. DEGs and the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the two strains exhibited an obvious difference. Several genes encoding cuticle proteins, serine proteinase inhibitors (SPI) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and the drug metabolism pathway involved in toxin detoxification were considered to be related to the resistance of K8 to B. bassiana. These results revealed insight into the resistance and susceptibility of two silkworm strains against B. bassiana infection and provided a roadmap for silkworm molecular breeding to enhance its resistance to B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingrong Li
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Mingqiang Ye
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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The Host Specificities of Baculovirus per os Infectivity Factors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159862. [PMID: 27454435 PMCID: PMC4959699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are insect-specific pathogens with a generally narrow host ranges. Successful primary infection is initiated by the proper interaction of at least 8 conserved per os infectivity factors (PIFs) with the host's midgut cells, a process that remains largely a mystery. In this study, we investigated the host specificities of the four core components of the PIF complex, P74, PIF1, PIF2 and PIF3 by using Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) backbone. The four pifs of HearNPV were replaced by their counterparts from a group I Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) or a group II Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV). Transfection and infection assays showed that all the recombinant viruses were able to produce infectious budded viruses (BVs) and were lethal to H. armigera larvae via intrahaemocoelic injection. However, feeding experiments using very high concentration of occlusion bodies demonstrated that all the recombinant viruses completely lost oral infectivity except SpltNPV pif3 substituted pif3-null HearNPV (vHaBacΔpif3-Sppif3-ph). Furthermore, bioassay result showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) value of vHaBacΔpif3-Sppif3-ph was 23-fold higher than that of the control virus vHaBacΔpif3-Hapif3-ph, indicating that SpltNPV pif3 can only partially substitute the function of HearNPV pif3. These results suggested that most of PIFs tested have strict host specificities, which may account, at least in part, for the limited host ranges of baculoviruses.
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Hosamani M, Basagoudanavar SH, Sreenivasa BP, Inumaru S, Ballal CR, Venkataramanan R. Eri silkworm (Samia ricini), a non-mulberry host system for AcMNPV mediated expression of recombinant proteins. J Biotechnol 2015; 216:76-81. [PMID: 26467714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression system (BVES) based on Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is widely used for the expression of eukaryotic proteins. Several insect cells/larvae that are permissive to AcMNPV have been routinely used as hosts to express heterologous proteins. Domesticated Eri silkworm (Samia ricini), reared in many parts of India, Japan and China, is a non-mulberry silkworm. The present study shows that the Eri silkworm larvae are susceptible to intra-haemocoelical inoculation of AcMNPV. The virus replicates in the larva, as indicated by an increased viral loads in the haemolymph upon injection of a recombinant AcMNPV carrying green fluorescent protein gene. The virus showed localized replication in different tissues including the fat body, haemocytes, tracheal matrix and in the Malphigian tubules. The larval system was successfully used to express heterologous protein, by infecting with a recombinant AcMNPV carrying the 3ABC coding sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The study shows that the Eri silkworm larva can be a potential alternative bioreactor, for scaling up of the recombinant proteins employing the baculovirus system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Hosamani
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India.
| | | | - B P Sreenivasa
- ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Shigeki Inumaru
- National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Chandish R Ballal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
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Xu J, Zhang P, Kusakabe T, Mon H, Li Z, Zhu L, Iiyama K, Banno Y, Morokuma D, Lee JM. Comparative proteomic analysis of hemolymph proteins from Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-sensitive or -resistant silkworm strains during infections. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 16:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Huang MX, Du J, Su BJ, Zhao GD, Shen WD, Wei ZG. The expression profile and promoter analysis of ultraspiracle gene in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7955-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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A novel third chromosomal locus controls susceptibility to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3049-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gómez Valderrama J, Villamizar L. Baculovirus: Hospederos y especificidad. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2013. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v15n2.41273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Yu J, Wu FY, Zou FM, Jia JQ, Wang SP, Zhang GZ, Guo XJ, Gui ZZ. Identification of ecdysone response elements (EcREs) in the Bombyx mori cathepsin D promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Analysis of genes expression of Spodoptera exigua larvae upon AcMNPV infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42462. [PMID: 22860129 PMCID: PMC3409162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection on host gene expression in Spodoptera exigua 4th instar larvae was investigated through the use of 454 sequencing-based RNA-seq of cDNA libraries developed from insects challenged with active AcMNPV or heat-inactivated AcMNPV. Methodology/Principal Findings By comparing the two cDNA libraries, we show that 201 host genes are significantly up-regulated and 234 genes are significantly down-regulated by active AcMNPV infection. Down-regulated host genes included genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, namely three gloverin isoforms and an attacin, indicating that the viral infection actively repressed the expression of a portion of the host immune gene repertoire. Another interesting group of down-regulated host genes included genes encoding two juvenile hormone binding proteins and a hexamerin, all of which are involved in juvenile hormone regulation. The expression of these genes was enhanced by the topical application of Juvenile Hormone III (JHIII) in the insects challenged with heat-inactivated AcMNPV. However, infection with the active virus strongly suppresses the expression of these three genes, regardless of the absence or presence of JHIII. Conclusions/Significance Using RNA-seq, we have identified groups of immune-regulated and juvenile hormone-regulated genes that are suppressed by infection with active AcMNPV. This information and further studies on the regulation of host gene expression by AcMNPV will provide the tools needed to enhance the utility of the virus as an effective protein expression system and as an insecticide.
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Popham HJR, Grasela JJ, Goodman CL, McIntosh AH. Baculovirus infection influences host protein expression in two established insect cell lines. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1237-1245. [PMID: 20362582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We identified host proteins that changed in response to host cell susceptibility to baculovirus infection. We used three baculovirus-host cell systems utilizing two cell lines derived from pupal ovaries, Hz-AM1 (from Helicoverpa zea) and Hv-AM1 (from Heliothis virescens). Hv-AM1 cells are permissive to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and semi-permissive to H. zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). Hz-AM1 cells are non-permissive to AcMNPV. We challenged each cell line with baculovirus infection and after 24h determined protein identities by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. For Hv-AM1 cells, 21 proteins were identified, and for Hz-AM1 cells, 19 proteins were newly identified (with 8 others having been previously identified). In the permissive relationship, 18 of the proteins changed in expression by 70% or more in AcMNPV infected Hv-AM1 cells as compared with non-infected controls; 12 were significantly decreased and 6 cellular proteins were significantly increased. We also identified 3 virus-specific proteins. In the semi-permissive infections, eight proteins decreased by 2-fold or more. Non-permissive interactions did not lead to substantial changes in host cell protein expression. We hypothesize that some of these proteins act in determining host cell specificity for baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
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15
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Daubnerová I, Roller L, Žitňan D. Transgenesis approaches for functional analysis of peptidergic cells in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:36-42. [PMID: 19111552 PMCID: PMC2854327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori represents an insect model of great scientific and economic importance. Besides the establishment of a stable germline transformation using the PiggyBac vector, technically feasible methods for in vivo gene delivery and transient gene expression were developed using viral based vectors, especially Sindbis viruses and baculoviruses. The recombinant baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), commonly used for large-scale protein production in permissive cell lines or insects, has been used for foreign gene transfer into specific peptidergic cells of B. mori in vivo. Since targeted gene expression is essential for functional analysis of neuropeptide genes and their receptors, the baculovirus-mediated gene transfer can serve as a reliable approach in reverse genetic studies in the silkworm. We review various strategies employing the baculovirus vector system for transient expression of molecular markers and transcription factors in specific peptidergic cells to investigate their roles in B. mori. We also use this system for functional analysis of neuropeptide signaling in the ecdysis behavioral sequence. Our data indicate that the AcMNPV vector is suitable for efficient delivery of foreign genes and their expression directed into specific peptidergic neurons and endocrine cells of B. mori larvae and pupae. However, some modifications of the vector and steps for optimization are necessary to minimize negative effects of viral infection on the host development. The transient gene expression using the AcMNPV and other virus vectors are promising tools for analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying various neuroendocrine processes during development of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84205 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Characterization of a baculovirus newly isolated from the tea slug moth, Iragoidae fasciata. J Microbiol 2009; 47:208-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Efficient Protein Expression in Bombyx mori Larvae of the Strain d17 Highly Sensitive to B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus. Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:180-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Terenius O. Hemolin-A lepidopteran anti-viral defense factor? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 32:311-316. [PMID: 17981330 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunity in insects has largely focused on responses towards bacteria and fungi, but recently the study of immune responses against viral infections has also received attention. In Lepidoptera, phagocytosis and encapsulation mediated by hemocytes, and apoptosis are part of the response against virus infection; however, many studies also suggest the presence of unknown factors involved in the anti-viral defense. An up-regulation of the lepidopteran-specific pattern recognition protein Hemolin after baculovirus infection in the Chinese oak silkmoth and discovery of putative virus responsive elements in the up-stream regions of Hemolin in the Cecropia moth and the Tobacco horn worm could suggest that Hemolin is involved in virus defense. In this paper, a number of studies investigating baculovirus pathogenesis, and others analyzing Hemolin expression have been revisited leading to the speculation that Hemolin could be engaged in several anti-viral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Terenius
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
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Zhang Y, Tian B, Xia H, Guo T, Wang J, Wang S, Wei Z, Lu C. Spread of recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus in various tissues of silkworm Bombyx mori determined by real-time PCR. Anal Biochem 2007; 373:147-53. [PMID: 17920555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A cassette harboring luciferase reporter driven by Bombyx mori A3 promoter was transferred to the bacmid AcDeltaEGT to generate the recombinant virus AcNPVA3Luc (where Ac represents Autographa californica, NPV represents nucleopolyhedrovirus, and A3Luc represents the firefly luciferase reporter cassette driven by the A3 promoter). Recombinant baculovirus was injected into the hemocoele of newly ecdysed fifth instar larvae of the silkworm. The infection of virus in various silkworm tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The profile of viral infection showed that the copy number of recombinant AcNPV (rAcNPV) increased the fastest in the hemocyte, followed by the fat body, Malpighian tubule, middle gut, and silk gland. Detecting in nonpermissive strain silkworm showed that there was no significant difference in the entry of rAcNPV into all tested tissues. The difference in viral infection reflected mainly the big difference in replication of rAcNPV in various tissues of silkworm larvae. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that it was due to the different expression of genes involved in viral DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
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Kawashima T, Osanai M, Futahashi R, Kojima T, Fujiwara H. A novel target-specific gene delivery system combining baculovirus and sequence-specific long interspersed nuclear elements. Virus Res 2007; 127:49-60. [PMID: 17498830 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements are valuable for somatic and germ-line transformation. However, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) have not been used because of poor information on the transposition mechanism. We have developed a novel gene delivery system combining baculovirus AcNPV and two silkworm LINEs, SART1 and R1, which integrate into specific sequences of telomeric repeats and 28S ribosomal DNA, respectively. When two LINEs containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene recombined into AcNPV were infected into fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, we observed target-specific retrotransposition of LINEs at 72h post-infection, using polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. Telomere- and 28S rDNA-specific transposition occurred in all nine tissues tested, including the ovary and testis. This is the first demonstration of site-specific gene delivery in living larvae. Insertion efficiencies were dependent on the virus titer for injection and the host strains of Bombyx mori. Using this system, we successfully detected the intergeneration transmission of retrotransposed sequences. In addition, AcNPV-mediated SART1 also transposed into telomere of another lepidopteran, Orgyia recens, suggesting that this system is useful for a wide variety of AcNPV-infectious insects. Site-specific gene delivery by virus-mediated LINE will be a potential gene therapy tool to avoid harmful unexpected insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawashima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bioscience Bldg. 501, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
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21
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Berretta MF, Deshpande M, Crouch EA, Passarelli AL. Functional characterization of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus late gene transcription and genome replication factors in the non-permissive insect cell line SF-21. Virology 2006; 348:175-89. [PMID: 16442141 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared the abilities of late gene transcription and DNA replication machineries of the baculoviruses Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV) in SF-21 cells, an insect-derived cell line permissive for AcMNPV infection. It has been well established that 19 AcMNPV late expression factors (lefs) stimulate substantial levels of late gene promoter activity in SF-21 cells. Thus, we constructed a set of clones containing the BmNPV homologs of the AcMNPV lefs under control of the constitutive Drosophila heat shock 70 protein promoter and tested their ability to activate an AcMNPV late promoter-reporter gene cassette in SF-21 cells. We tested the potential of individual or predicted functional groups of BmNPV lefs to successfully replace the corresponding AcMNPV gene(s) in transient late gene expression assays. We found that most, but not all, BmNPV lefs were able to either fully or partially substitute for the corresponding AcMNPV homolog in the context of the remaining AcMNPV lefs with the exception of BmNPV p143, ie-2, and p35. BmNPV p143 was unable to support late gene expression or be imported into the nucleus of cells in the presence of the AcMNPV or the BmNPV LEF-3, a P143 nuclear shuttling factor. Our results suggest that host-specific factors may affect the function of homologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Berretta
- Division of Biology, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Kansas State University, 232 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA
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Wang SP, Guo TQ, Guo XY, Huang JT, Lu CD. In vivo analysis of fibroin heavy chain signal peptide of silkworm Bombyx mori using recombinant baculovirus as vector. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:1203-10. [PMID: 16466694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the functional signal peptide of silkworm fibroin heavy chain (FibH) and the effect of N- and C-terminal parts of FibH on the secretion of FibH in vivo, N- and C-terminal segments of fibh gene were fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. The fused gene was then introduced into silkworm larvae and expressed in silk gland using recombinant AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus) as vector. The fluorescence of EGFP was observed with fluorescence microscope. FibH-EGFP fusion proteins extracted from silk gland were analyzed by Western blot. Results showed that the two alpha helices within N-terminal 163 amino acid residues and the C-terminal 61 amino acid residues were not necessary for cleavage of signal peptide and secretion of the fusion protein into silk gland. Then the C-terminal 61 amino acid residues were substituted with a His-tag in the fusion protein to facilitate the purification. N-terminal sequencing of the purified protein showed that the signal cleavage site is between position 21 and 22 amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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Liu Y, Yu L, Guo X, Guo T, Wang S, Lu C. Analysis of tissue-specific region in sericin 1 gene promoter of Bombyx mori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342:273-9. [PMID: 16480950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding sericin 1 (Ser1) of silkworm (Bombyx mori) is specifically expressed in the middle silk gland cells. To identify element involved in this transcription-dependent spatial restriction, truncation of the 5' terminal from the sericin 1 (Ser1) promoter is studied in vivo. A 209bp DNA sequence upstream of the transcriptional start site (-586 to -378) is found to be responsible for promoting tissue-specific transcription. Analysis of this 209bp region by overlapping deletion studies showed that a 25bp region (-500 to -476) suppresses the ectopic expression of the Ser1 promoter. An unknown factor abundant in fat body nuclear extracts is shown to bind to this 25bp fragment. These results suggest that this 25bp region and the unknown factor are necessary for determining the tissue-specificity of the Ser1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Guo TQ, Wang JY, Wang SP, Guo XY, Huang KW, Huang JT, Lu CD. Loss of posterior silk gland transcription specificity of fibroin light chain promoter due to absence of 41 bp sequence containing possible inhibitor binding sites. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2005; 37:819-25. [PMID: 16331326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding fibroin light chain protein (FibL) is specifically expressed in the posterior silk gland of silkworm and repressed in other tissues. The binding sites of several transcription factors involved in the silk gland transcription specificity of fibl promoter have been recognized, including SGFB, PSGF and BMFA. Here we report the leak expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene in tissues other than the posterior silk gland in vivo when under the control of a shortened fibl promoter with deletion of the 5' terminal 41 bp sequence, which is located at -650 nt to -610 nt upstream of the fibl transcription starting site. Assay of silk gland specificity of the promoters was performed by observation of green fluorescence in tissues of silkworm larvae following inter-haemocoelic injection of recombinant Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus carrying the EGFP reporter gene controlled by different lengths of fibl promoters. Our results indicated that availability of the binding sites of several known factors, including SGFB, PSGF and BMFA, is not sufficient for intact silk gland transcription specificity of fibl promoter, and there are possible inhibitor binding sites in the 41 bp sequence (-650 nt to -610 nt) upstream of the transcription starting site which may be required to repress the activity of fibl promoter in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Qing Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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