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Medla M, Daubnerová I, Koči J, Roller L, Slovák M, Žitňan D. Identification and expression of short neuropeptide F and its receptors in the tick Ixodes ricinus. J Insect Physiol 2023; 147:104524. [PMID: 37201579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the tick Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector of numerous pathogens that are transmitted during blood feeding on their vertebrate hosts. To elucidate mechanisms controlling blood intake and associated transmission of pathogens we identified and described expression of short neuropeptide F (sNPF) and its receptors which are known to regulate feeding in insects. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) we stained numerous neurons producing sNPF in the central nervous system (CNS; synganglion), while a few peripheral neurons were detected anteriorly to the synganglion, and on the surface of the hindgut and leg muscles. Apparent sNPF expression was also found in enteroendocrine cells individually scattered in anterior lobes of the midgut. In silico analyses and BLAST search for sNPF receptors revealed two putative G protein-coupled receptors (sNPFR1 and sNPFR2) in the I. ricinus genome. Aequorin-based functional assay in CHO cells showed that both receptors were specific and sensitive to sNPF in nanomolar concentrations. Increased expression levels of these receptors in the gut during blood intake suggest that sNPF signaling may be involved in regulation of feeding and digestion processes of I. ricinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Medla
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Koči
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mirko Slovák
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Roller L, Daubnerová I, Mizoguchi A, Satake H, Tanaka Y, Stano M, Klucar L, Žitňan D. Expression analysis of peptidergic enteroendocrine cells in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:385-407. [PMID: 35829810 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (ECs) in the insect midgut respond to physiological changes in the intestine by releasing multiple peptides to control food intake, gastrointestinal activity and systemic metabolism. Here, we performed a comprehensive mapping of ECs producing different regulatory peptides in the larval midgut of Bombyx mori. In total, we identified 20 peptide genes expressed in different ECs in specific regions of the midgut. Transcript-specific in situ hybridisation combined with antibody staining revealed approximately 30 subsets of ECs, each producing a unique peptide or a combination of several different peptides. Functional significance of this diversity and specific roles of different enteroendocrine peptides are largely unknown. Results of this study highlight the importance of the midgut as a major endocrine/paracrine source of regulatory molecules in insects and provide important information to clarify functions of ECs during larval feeding and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matej Stano
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Klucar
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Hromníková D, Furka D, Furka S, Santana JAD, Ravingerová T, Klöcklerová V, Žitňan D. Prevention of tick-borne diseases: challenge to recent medicine. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:1533-1554. [PMID: 35283489 PMCID: PMC8905283 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ticks represent important vectors and reservoirs of pathogens, causing a number of diseases in humans and animals, and significant damage to livestock every year. Modern research into protection against ticks and tick-borne diseases focuses mainly on the feeding stage, i.e. the period when ticks take their blood meal from their hosts during which pathogens are transmitted. Physiological functions in ticks, such as food intake, saliva production, reproduction, development, and others are under control of neuropeptides and peptide hormones which may be involved in pathogen transmission that cause Lyme borreliosis or tick-borne encephalitis. According to current knowledge, ticks are not reservoirs or vectors for the spread of COVID-19 disease. The search for new vaccination methods to protect against ticks and their transmissible pathogens is a challenge for current science in view of global changes, including the increasing migration of the human population. Highlights • Tick-borne diseases have an increasing incidence due to climate change and increased human migration • To date, there is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus COVID-19 by tick as a vector • To date, there are only a few modern, effective, and actively- used vaccines against ticks or tick-borne diseases • Neuropeptides and their receptors expressed in ticks may be potentially used for vaccine design
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Hromníková
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Furka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, SK Slovakia
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Heart Research, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Samuel Furka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, SK Slovakia
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Heart Research, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Julio Ariel Dueñas Santana
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Matanzas, Km 3 Carretera a Varadero, 44740 Matanzas, CU Cuba
| | - Táňa Ravingerová
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Heart Research, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 84005 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Klöcklerová
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Matsumoto S, Kutsuna N, Daubnerová I, Roller L, Žitňan D, Nagasawa H, Nagata S. Enteroendocrine peptides regulate feeding behavior via controlling intestinal contraction of the silkworm Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219050. [PMID: 31260470 PMCID: PMC6602202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that predominant feeding inhibitory effects were found in the crude extracts of foregut and midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori larvae. To address the entero-intestinal control crucial for the regulation of insect feeding behavior, the present study identified and functionally characterized feeding inhibitory peptides from the midgut of B. mori larvae. Purification and structural analyses revealed that the predominant inhibitory factors in the crude extracts were allatotropin (AT) and GSRYamide after its C-terminal sequence. In situ hybridization revealed that AT and GSRYamide were expressed in enteroendocrine cells in the posterior and anterior midgut, respectively. Receptor screening using Ca2+-imaging technique showed that the B. mori neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor (BNGR)-A19 and -A22 acted as GSRYamide receptors and BNGR-A5 acted as an additional AT receptor. Expression analyses of these receptors and the results of the peristaltic motion assay indicated that these peptides participated in the regulation of intestinal contraction. Exposure of pharynx and ileum to AT and GSRYamide inhibited spontaneous contraction in ad libitum-fed larvae, while exposure of pharynx to GSRYamide did not inhibit contraction in non-fed larvae, indicating that the feeding state changed their sensitivity to inhibitory peptides. These different responses corresponded to different expression levels of their receptors in the pharynx. In addition, injection of AT and GSRYamide decreased esophageal contraction frequencies in the melamine-treated transparent larvae. These findings strongly suggest that these peptides exert feeding inhibitory effects by modulating intestinal contraction in response to their feeding state transition, eventually causing feeding termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsumaro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Čižmár D, Roller L, Pillerová M, Sláma K, Žitňan D. Multiple neuropeptides produced by sex-specific neurons control activity of the male accessory glands and gonoducts in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2253. [PMID: 30783175 PMCID: PMC6381147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The male accessory glands (AG) and gonoducts of moths develop during metamorphosis and are essential for successful fertilization of females. We found that these reproductive organs are innervated by a sex-specific cluster of peptidergic neurons in the posterior 9th neuromere of the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). This cluster of ~20 neurons differentiate during metamorphosis to innervate the accessory glands and sperm ducts. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) we showed that these neurons express four neuropeptide precursors encoding calcitonin-like diuretic hormone (CT-DH), allatotropin (AT) and AT-like peptides (ATLI-III), allatostatin C (AST-C), and myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs). We used contraction bioassay in vitro to determine roles of these neuropeptides in the gonoduct and accessory gland activity. Spontaneous contractions of the seminal vesicle and AG were stimulated in a dose depended manner by CT-DH and AT, whereas AST-C and MIP elicited dose dependent inhibition. Using quantitative RT-PCR we confirmed expression of receptors for these neuropeptides in organs innervated by the male specific cluster of neurons. Our results suggest a role of these neuropeptides in regulation of seminal fluid movements during copulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Čižmár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miriam Pillerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Sláma
- Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Drnovská 507, 16100, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Procházka E, Michalková V, Daubnerová I, Roller L, Klepsatel P, Žitňan D, Tsiamis G, Takáč P. Gene expression in reproductive organs of tsetse females - initial data in an approach to reduce fecundity. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:144. [PMID: 30470199 PMCID: PMC6251150 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, and their vectorial capacity results in a major public health emergency and vast economic losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the limited ability of trypanosome prevention and eradication, tsetse vectors remain major targets of control efforts. Larvae of all three instars are developed in mothers' uteri, nourished through milk, and 'larviposited' shortly before pupation. The past few years have witnessed the emergence of approaches based on knockdown of genes involved in milk production, resulting in a significant reduction of fecundity. RESULTS In order to identify further genes applicable in the control of tsetse flies, we determined the expression of protein-coding genes in ovaries and uteri from both virgin and heavily pregnant Glossina morsitans morsitans females. Comparison of expression profiles allowed us to identify candidate genes with increased expression in pregnant individuals. Lists with the highest increases include genes involved in oocyte and embryonic development, or nourishment. Maximum ovarian fold change does not exceed 700, while the highest uterine fold change reaches to more than 4000. Relatively high fold changes of two neuropeptide receptors (for corazonin and myosuppressin) propose the corresponding genes alternative targets. CONCLUSIONS Given the higher fold changes in the uterus, targeting gene expression in this tissue may result in a more evident reduction of fecundity. However, ovaries should not be neglected, as manifested by several genes with top fold changes involved in early developmental stages. Apart from focusing on the highest fold changes, neuropeptide receptors with moderate increases in expression should be also verified as targets, given their roles in mediating the tissue control. However, this data needs to be considered initial, and the potential of these genes in affecting female fecundity needs to be verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Procházka
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Michalková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Georgiou Seferi St, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Peter Takáč
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Scientica, Ltd., Hybešova 33, 831 06, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bednár B, Roller L, Čižmár D, Mitrová D, Žitňan D. Developmental and sex-specific differences in expression of neuropeptides derived from allatotropin gene in the silkmoth Bombyx mori. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:259-275. [PMID: 28091775 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Allatotropin (AT) and related neuropeptides are widespread bioactive molecules that regulate development, food intake and muscle contractions in insects and other invertebrates. In moths, alternative splicing of the at gene generates three mRNA precursors encoding AT with different combinations of three structurally similar AT-like peptides (ATLI-III). We used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to map the differential expression of these transcripts during the postembryonic development of Bombyx mori. Transcript encoding AT alone was expressed in numerous neurons of the central nervous system and frontal ganglion, whereas transcripts encoding AT with ATLs were produced by smaller specific subgroups of neurons in larval stages. Metamorphosis was associated with considerable developmental changes and sex-specific differences in the expression of all transcripts. The most notable was the appearance of AT/ATL transcripts (1) in the brain lateral neurosecretory cells producing prothoracicotropic hormone; (2) in the male-specific cluster of about 20 neurons in the posterior region of the terminal abdominal ganglion; (3) in the female-specific medial neurons in the abdominal ganglia AG2-7. Immunohistochemical staining showed that these neurons produced a mixture of various neuropeptides and innervated diverse peripheral organs. Our data suggest that AT/ATL neuropeptides are involved in multiple stage- and sex-specific functions during the development of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Bednár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Čižmár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diana Mitrová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Roller L, Čižmár D, Bednár B, Žitňan D. Expression of RYamide in the nervous and endocrine system of Bombyx mori. Peptides 2016; 80:72-79. [PMID: 26896568 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RYamides are neuropeptides encoded by a gene whose precise expression and function have not yet been determined. We identified the RYamide gene transcript (fmgV1g15f, SilkBase database) and predicted two candidates for G-protein coupled RYamide receptors (A19-BAG68418 and A22-BAG68421) in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We cloned the RYamide transcript and described its spatial expression using in situ hybridisation. In the larval central nervous system (CNS) expression of RYamide was restricted to 12-14 small neurons in the brain and two posterior neurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion. During metamorphosis their number decreased to eight protocerebral neurons in the adults. Multiple staining, using various insect neuropeptide antibodies, revealed that neurons expressing RYamide are different from other peptidergic cells in the CNS. We also found RYamide expression in the enteroendocrine cells (EC) of the anterior midgut of larvae, pupae and adults. Two minor subpopulations of these EC were also immunoreactive to antibodies against tachykinin and myosupressin. This expression pattern suggests RYamides may play a role in the regulation of feeding and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Čižmár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Bednár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Roller L, Čižmár D, Gáliková Z, Bednár B, Daubnerová I, Žitňan D. Molecular cloning, expression and identification of the promoter regulatory region for the neuropeptide trissin in the nervous system of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:499-512. [PMID: 26809512 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trissin has recently been identified as a conserved insect neuropeptide, but its cellular expression and function is unknown. We detected the presence of this neuropeptide in the silkworm Bombyx mori using in silico search and molecular cloning. In situ hybridisation was used to examine trissin expression in the entire central nervous system (CNS) and gut of larvae, pupae and adults. Surprisingly, its expression is restricted to only two pairs of small protocerebral interneurons and four to five large neurons in the frontal ganglion (FG). These neurons were further characterised by subsequent multiple staining with selected antibodies against insect neuropeptides. The brain interneurons innervate edges of the mushroom bodies and co-express trissin with myoinhibitory peptides (MIP) and CRF-like diuretic hormones (CRF-DH). In the FG, one pair of neurons co-express trissin with calcitonin-like diuretic hormone (CT-DH), short neuropeptide F (sNPF) and MIP. These neurons innervate the brain tritocerebrum and musculature of the anterior midgut. The other pair of trissin neurons in the FG co-express sNPF and project axons to the tritocerebrum and midgut. We also used the baculovirus expression system to identify the promoter regulatory region of the trissin gene for targeted expression of various molecular markers in these neurons. Dominant expression of trissin in the FG indicates its possible role in the regulation of foregut-midgut contractions and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Čižmár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Gáliková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Bednár
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Abstract
Studies of tick salivary glands (SGs) and their components have produced a number of interesting discoveries over the last four decades. However, the precise neural and physiological mechanisms controlling SG secretion remain enigmatic. Major studies of SG control have identified and characterized many pharmacological and biological compounds that activate salivary secretion, including dopamine (DA), octopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergot alkaloids, pilocarpine (PC), and their pharmacological relatives. Specifically, DA has shown the most robust activities in various tick species, and its effect on downstream actions in the SGs has been extensively studied. Our recent work on a SG dopamine receptor has aided new interpretations of previous pharmacological studies and provided new concepts for SG control mechanisms. Furthermore, our recent studies have suggested that multiple neuropeptides are involved in SG control. Myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) and SIFamide have been identified in the neural projections reaching the basal cells of acini types II and III. Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-immunoreactive neural projections reach type II acini, and RFamide- and tachykinin-immunoreactive projections reach the SG ducts, but the chemical nature of the latter three immunoreactive substances are unidentified yet. Here, we briefly review previous pharmacological studies and provide a revised summary of SG control mechanisms in ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Šimo
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
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Šimo L, Koči J, Žitňan D, Park Y. Evidence for D1 dopamine receptor activation by a paracrine signal of dopamine in tick salivary glands. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16158. [PMID: 21297964 PMCID: PMC3031531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks that feed on vertebrate hosts use their salivary secretion, which contains various bioactive components, to manipulate the host's responses. The mechanisms controlling the tick salivary gland in this dynamic process are not well understood. We identified the tick D1 receptor activated by dopamine, a potent inducer of the salivary secretion of ticks. Temporal and spatial expression patterns examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction suggest that the dopamine produced in the basal cells of salivary gland acini is secreted into the lumen and activates the D1 receptors on the luminal surface of the cells lining the acini. Therefore, we propose a paracrine function of dopamine that is mediated by the D1 receptor in the salivary gland at an early phase of feeding. The molecular and pharmacological characterization of the D1 receptor in this study provides the foundation for understanding the functions of dopamine in the blood-feeding of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Šimo
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Juraj Koči
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roller L, Žitňanová I, Dai L, Šimo L, Park Y, Satake H, Tanaka Y, Adams ME, Žitňan D. Ecdysis triggering hormone signaling in arthropods. Peptides 2010; 31:429-41. [PMID: 19951734 PMCID: PMC2854297 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) from endocrine Inka cells initiate the ecdysis sequence through action on central neurons expressing ETH receptors (ETHR) in model moth and dipteran species. We used various biochemical, molecular and BLAST search techniques to detect these signaling molecules in representatives of diverse arthropods. Using peptide isolation from tracheal extracts, cDNA cloning or homology searches, we identified ETHs in a variety of hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. Most insects produce two related ETHs, but only a single active peptide was isolated from the cricket and one peptide is encoded by the eth gene of the honeybee, parasitic wasp and aphid. Immunohistochemical staining with antiserum to Manduca PETH revealed Inka cells on tracheal surface of diverse insects. In spite of conserved ETH sequences, comparison of natural and the ETH-induced ecdysis sequence in the honeybee and beetle revealed considerable species-specific differences in pre-ecdysis and ecdysis behaviors. DNA sequences coding for putative ETHR were deduced from available genomes of several hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. In all insects examined, the ethr gene encodes two subtypes of the receptor (ETHR-A and ETHR-B). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these receptors fall into a family of closely related GPCRs. We report for the first time the presence of putative ETHs and ETHRs in genomes of other arthropods, including the tick (Arachnida) and water flea (Crustacea). The possible source of ETH in ticks was detected in paired cells located in all pedal segments. Our results provide further evidence of structural and functional conservation of ETH-ETHR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Inka Žitňanová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Li Dai
- The Brain Institute, 383 Colorow Dr., Rm. 361, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
- Departments of Entomology, Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Ladislav Šimo
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Honoo Satake
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Shimamoto Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Division of Insect Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Michael E. Adams
- Departments of Entomology, Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Daubnerová I, Roller L, Žitňan D. Transgenesis approaches for functional analysis of peptidergic cells in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:36-42. [PMID: 19111552 PMCID: PMC2854327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori represents an insect model of great scientific and economic importance. Besides the establishment of a stable germline transformation using the PiggyBac vector, technically feasible methods for in vivo gene delivery and transient gene expression were developed using viral based vectors, especially Sindbis viruses and baculoviruses. The recombinant baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), commonly used for large-scale protein production in permissive cell lines or insects, has been used for foreign gene transfer into specific peptidergic cells of B. mori in vivo. Since targeted gene expression is essential for functional analysis of neuropeptide genes and their receptors, the baculovirus-mediated gene transfer can serve as a reliable approach in reverse genetic studies in the silkworm. We review various strategies employing the baculovirus vector system for transient expression of molecular markers and transcription factors in specific peptidergic cells to investigate their roles in B. mori. We also use this system for functional analysis of neuropeptide signaling in the ecdysis behavioral sequence. Our data indicate that the AcMNPV vector is suitable for efficient delivery of foreign genes and their expression directed into specific peptidergic neurons and endocrine cells of B. mori larvae and pupae. However, some modifications of the vector and steps for optimization are necessary to minimize negative effects of viral infection on the host development. The transient gene expression using the AcMNPV and other virus vectors are promising tools for analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying various neuroendocrine processes during development of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84205 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Šimo L, Slovák M, Park Y, Žitňan D. Identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 335:639-55. [PMID: 19082627 PMCID: PMC3573535 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are crucial regulators of development and various physiological functions but little is known about their identity, expression and function in vectors of pathogens causing serious diseases, such as ticks. Therefore, we have used antibodies against multiple insect and crustacean neuropeptides to reveal the presence of these bioactive molecules in peptidergic neurons and cells of the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. These antibodies have detected 15 different immunoreactive compounds expressed in specific central and peripheral neurons associated with the synganglion. Most central neurons arborize in distinct areas of the neuropile or the putative neurohaemal periganglionic sheath of the synganglion. Several large identified neurons in the synganglion project multiple processes through peripheral nerves to form elaborate axonal arborizations on the surface of salivary glands or to terminate in the lateral segmental organs (LSO). Additional neuropeptide immunoreactivity has been observed in intrinsic secretory cells of the LSO. We have also identified two novel clusters of peripheral neurons embedded in the cheliceral and paraspiracular nerves. These neurons project branching axons into the synganglion and into the periphery. Our study has thus revealed a complex network of central and peripheral peptidergic neurons, putative neurohaemal and neuromodulatory structures and endocrine cells in the tick comparable with those found in insect and crustacean neuroendocrine systems. Strong specific staining with a large variety of antibodies also indicates that the tick nervous system and adjacent secretory organs are rich sources of diverse neuropeptides related to those identified in insects, crustaceans or even vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Šimo
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004, USA
| | - Mirko Slovák
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004, USA
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kim YJ, Žitňan D, Cho KH, Schooley DA, Mizoguchi A, Adams ME. Central peptidergic ensembles associated with organization of an innate behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14211-6. [PMID: 16968777 PMCID: PMC1599936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603459103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of each developmental stage, insects perform the ecdysis sequence, an innate behavior necessary for shedding the old cuticle. Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) initiate these behaviors through direct actions on the CNS. Here, we identify the ETH receptor (ETHR) gene in the moth Manduca sexta, which encodes two subtypes of GPCR (ETHR-A and ETHR-B). Expression of ETHRs in the CNS coincides precisely with acquisition of CNS sensitivity to ETHs and behavioral competence. ETHR-A occurs in diverse networks of neurons, producing both excitatory and inhibitory neuropeptides, which appear to be downstream signals for behavior regulation. These peptides include allatostatins, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), calcitonin-like diuretic hormone, CRF-like diuretic hormones (DHs) 41 and 30, eclosion hormone, kinins, myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs), neuropeptide F, and short neuropeptide F. In particular, cells L(3,4) in abdominal ganglia coexpress kinins, DH41, and DH30, which together elicit the fictive preecdysis rhythm. Neurons IN704 in abdominal ganglia coexpress CCAP and MIPs, whose joint actions initiate the ecdysis motor program. ETHR-A also is expressed in brain ventromedial cells, whose release of EH increases excitability in CCAP/MIP neurons. These findings provide insights into how innate, centrally patterned behaviors can be orchestrated via recruitment of peptide cotransmitter neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Kim
- Departments of *Entomology and
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 2103 Biological Sciences Building, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Departments of *Entomology and
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84206 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - David A. Schooley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557; and
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michael E. Adams
- Departments of *Entomology and
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience, 2103 Biological Sciences Building, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Yamanaka N, Žitňan D, Kim YJ, Adams ME, Hua YJ, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Satake H, Mizoguchi A, Asaoka K, Tanaka Y, Kataoka H. Regulation of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis by innervating peptidergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8622-7. [PMID: 16707581 PMCID: PMC1482630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, steroid hormones named ecdysteroids elicit molting and metamorphosis. The prothoracic gland (PG) is a predominant source of ecdysteroids, where their biosynthesis (ecdysteroidogenesis) is regulated by several neuropeptides. Here, we report that FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) regulate ecdysteroidogenesis through direct innervation of the PG in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We purified a previously uncharacterized Bombyx FaRP, DPSFIRFamide, and identified the corresponding Bombyx FMRFamide gene (Bommo-FMRFamide, BRFa), which encodes three additional FaRPs. All BRFa peptides suppressed ecdysteroidogenesis in the PG by reducing cAMP production by means of the receptor for Bommo-myosuppressin, another FaRP we have previously shown to act as a prothoracicostatic factor. BRFa is predominantly expressed in neurosecretory cells of thoracic ganglia, and the neurons in the prothoracic ganglion innervate the PG to supply all four peptides to the gland surface. Electrophysiological recordings during development confirmed the increased firing activity of BRFa neurons in stages with low PG activity and decreased ecdysteroid levels in the hemolymph. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of peptides controlling ecdysteroidogenesis by direct innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamanaka
- *Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84206 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Departments of Entomology and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 5429 Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Michael E. Adams
- Departments of Entomology and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 5429 Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Yue-Jin Hua
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- **Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; and Laboratories of
| | | | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Insect Growth Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- *Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Žitňan D, Endo Y, Sehnal F. Stomatogastric nervous system of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae): Changes during metamorphosis with special reference to FMRFamide neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(89)90030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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