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McKenna S, Jung KI, Wolf JJ, Seo YJ, Hahm B. Multiple sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes modulate influenza virus replication. Virology 2025; 603:110367. [PMID: 39754863 PMCID: PMC11793951 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
The sphingolipid network is sustained principally by the balance of bioactive sphingolipid molecules and their regulation by sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes. The components in the lipid system display key functions in numerous cellular and disease conditions including virus infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a fruitful effort to use an inhibitor that blocks the activity of sphingosine kinase (SphK) 2 to cure the devastating disease. Support for the inhibitor came from pre-clinical research on influenza where the inhibitor demonstrated effective protection of mice from influenza-induced morbidity and mortality. This highlights the importance of basic and translational research on the sphingolipid system for improving human health. Multiple sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes have been reported to regulate influenza virus replication and propagation. In this review, the emphasis is placed on the roles of these enzymes that impact influenza virus life cycle and the conceivable mechanisms for the interplay between influenza virus and the sphingolipid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah McKenna
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Kwang Il Jung
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Jennifer J Wolf
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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2
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Gharagozlou S, Wright NM, Murguia-Favela L, Eshleman J, Midgley J, Saygili S, Mathew G, Lesmana H, Makkoukdji N, Gans M, Saba JD. Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome as a primary immunodeficiency state. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 94:101058. [PMID: 39454238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a genetic disease associated with renal, endocrine, neurological, skin and immune defects. SPLIS is caused by inactivating mutations in SGPL1, which encodes sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL). SPL catalyzes the irreversible degradation of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a key regulator of lymphocyte egress. The SPL reaction represents the only exit point of sphingolipid metabolism, and SPL insufficiency causes widespread sphingolipid derangements that could additionally contribute to immunodeficiency. Herein, we review SPLIS, the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, and various roles sphingolipids play in immunity. We then explore SPLIS-related immunodeficiency by analyzing data available in the published literature supplemented by medical record reviews in ten SPLIS children. We found 93% of evaluable SPLIS patients had documented evidence of immunodeficiency. Many of the remainder of cases were unevaluable due to lack of available immunological data. Most commonly, SPLIS patients exhibited lymphopenia and T cell-specific lymphopenia, consistent with the established role of the S1P/S1P1/SPL axis in lymphocyte egress. However, low B and NK cell counts, hypogammaglobulinemia, and opportunistic infections with bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens were observed. Diminished responses to childhood vaccinations were less frequently observed. Screening blood tests quantifying recent thymic emigrants identified some lymphopenic SPLIS patients in the newborn period. Lymphopenia has been reported to improve after cofactor supplementation in some SPLIS patients, indicating upregulation of SPL activity. A variety of treatments including immunoglobulin replacement, prophylactic antimicrobials and special preparation of blood products prior to transfusion have been employed in SPLIS. The diverse immune consequences in SPLIS patients suggest that aberrant S1P signaling may not fully explain the extent of immunodeficiency. Further study will be required to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying SPLIS immunodeficiency and determine the most effective prophylaxis against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Gharagozlou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - NicolaA M Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Luis Murguia-Favela
- Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Juliette Eshleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Julian Midgley
- Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Seha Saygili
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Georgie Mathew
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
| | - Harry Lesmana
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Nadia Makkoukdji
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Melissa Gans
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Julie D Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Viñán Garcés AE, Cáceres E, Gómez JO, Martín-Loeches I, Reyes LF. Inflammatory response to SARS-CoV 2 and other respiratory viruses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:725-738. [PMID: 39228288 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) remain a significant global cause of mortality and disability. Viruses constitute a substantial proportion of LRTI cases, with their pandemic potential posing a latent threat. After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the resurgence of other respiratory viruses, including Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus responsible for LRTI has been observed especially in susceptible populations. AREAS COVERED This review details the inflammatory mechanisms associated with three primary respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The focus will be on elucidating the activation of inflammatory pathways, understanding cellular contributions to inflammation, exploring the role of interferon and induced cell death in the response to these pathogens and detailing viral evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, the distinctive characteristics of each virus will be explained. EXPERT OPINION The study of viral pneumonia, notably concerning SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and RSV, offers critical insights into infectious and inflammatory mechanisms with wide-ranging implications. Addressing current limitations, such as diagnostic accuracy and understanding host-virus interactions, requires collaborative efforts and investment in technology. Future research holds promise for uncovering novel therapeutic targets, exploring host microbiome roles, and addressing long-term sequelae. Integrating advances in molecular biology and technology will shape the evolving landscape of viral pneumonia research, potentially enhancing global public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Emilio Viñán Garcés
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Eder Cáceres
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Engineering School, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Juan Olivella Gómez
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Felipe Reyes
- Unisabana Center for Translational Science, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Dai J, Feng Y, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. Virus infection and sphingolipid metabolism. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105942. [PMID: 38908521 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cellular sphingolipids have vital roles in human virus replication and spread as they are exploited by viruses for cell entry, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, budding, and propagation. Intracellular sphingolipid biosynthesis triggers conformational changes in viral receptors and facilitates endosomal escape. However, our current understanding of how sphingolipids precisely regulate viral replication is limited, and further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationships between viral replication and endogenous sphingolipid species. Emerging evidence now suggests that targeting and manipulating sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in host cells is a promising strategy to effectively combat viral infections. Additionally, serum sphingolipid species and concentrations could function as potential serum biomarkers to help monitor viral infection status in different patients. In this work, we comprehensively review the literature to clarify how viruses exploit host sphingolipid metabolism to accommodate viral replication and disrupt host innate immune responses. We also provide valuable insights on the development and use of antiviral drugs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Experimental Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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5
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Su G, Chen Y, Li X, Shao JW. Virus versus host: influenza A virus circumvents the immune responses. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1394510. [PMID: 38817972 PMCID: PMC11137263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing dreadful losses to humans and animals around the globe. As is known, immune escape is a strategy that benefits the proliferation of IAVs by antagonizing, blocking, and suppressing immune surveillance. The HA protein binds to the sialic acid (SA) receptor to enter the cytoplasm and initiate viral infection. The conserved components of the viral genome produced during replication, known as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are thought to be critical factors for the activation of effective innate immunity by triggering dependent signaling pathways after recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by a cascade of adaptive immunity. Viral infection-induced immune responses establish an antiviral state in the host to effectively inhibit virus replication and enhance viral clearance. However, IAV has evolved multiple mechanisms that allow it to synthesize and transport viral components by "playing games" with the host. At its heart, this review will describe how host and viral factors interact to facilitate the viral evasion of host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Xia C, Wang T, Hahm B. Triggering Degradation of Host Cellular Proteins for Robust Propagation of Influenza Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4677. [PMID: 38731896 PMCID: PMC11083682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Following infection, influenza viruses strive to establish a new host cellular environment optimized for efficient viral replication and propagation. Influenza viruses use or hijack numerous host factors and machinery not only to fulfill their own replication process but also to constantly evade the host's antiviral and immune response. For this purpose, influenza viruses appear to have formulated diverse strategies to manipulate the host proteins or signaling pathways. One of the most effective tactics is to specifically induce the degradation of the cellular proteins that are detrimental to the virus life cycle. Here, we summarize the cellular factors that are deemed to have been purposefully degraded by influenza virus infection. The focus is laid on the mechanisms for the protein ubiquitination and degradation in association with facilitated viral amplification. The fate of influenza viral infection of hosts is heavily reliant on the outcomes of the interplay between the virus and the host antiviral immunity. Understanding the processes of how influenza viruses instigate the protein destruction pathways could provide a foundation for the development of advanced therapeutics to target host proteins and conquer influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Rashid F, Xie Z, Li M, Xie Z, Luo S, Xie L. Roles and functions of IAV proteins in host immune evasion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323560. [PMID: 38152399 PMCID: PMC10751371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evade the immune system of the host by several regulatory mechanisms. Their genomes consist of eight single-stranded segments, including nonstructural proteins (NS), basic polymerase 1 (PB1), basic polymerase 2 (PB2), hemagglutinin (HA), acidic polymerase (PA), matrix (M), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP). Some of these proteins are known to suppress host immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles, functions and underlying strategies adopted by IAV proteins to escape the host immune system by targeting different proteins in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, such as tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25), inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase (IKK), mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). To date, the IAV proteins NS1, NS2, PB1, PB1-F2, PB2, HA, and PA have been well studied in terms of their roles in evading the host immune system. However, the detailed mechanisms of NS3, PB1-N40, PA-N155, PA-N182, PA-X, M42, NA, and NP have not been well studied with respect to their roles in immune evasion. Moreover, we also highlight the future perspectives of research on IAV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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8
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Mohammed S, Bindu A, Viswanathan A, Harikumar KB. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling during infection and immunity. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101251. [PMID: 37633365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of all eukaryotic membranes. The bioactive sphingolipid molecule, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P), regulates various important biological functions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of S1P signaling pathway in various immune cell functions under different pathophysiological conditions including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and cancer. We covered the aspects of S1P pathways in NOD/TLR pathways, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and tumor immunology. This implies that targeting S1P signaling can be used as a strategy to block these pathologies. Our current understanding of targeting various components of S1P signaling for therapeutic purposes and the present status of S1P pathway inhibitors or modulators in disease conditions where the host immune system plays a pivotal role is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Mohammed
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Anu Bindu
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Arun Viswanathan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India.
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9
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Li W, Wang H, Zheng SJ. Roles of RNA Sensors in Host Innate Response to Influenza Virus and Coronavirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8285. [PMID: 35955436 PMCID: PMC9368391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronavirus are two important respiratory viruses, which often cause serious respiratory diseases in humans and animals after infection. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and SARS-CoV-2 have become major pathogens causing respiratory diseases in humans. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is particularly important to the stipulation of effective control strategies. As the first line of defense against pathogens infection, innate immunity not only acts as a natural physiological barrier, but also eliminates pathogens through the production of interferon (IFN), the formation of inflammasomes, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this process, the recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the initiation and the most important part of the innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the roles of RNA sensors in the host innate immune response to influenza virus and coronavirus infections in different species, with a particular focus on innate immune recognition of viral nucleic acids in host cells, which will help to develop an effective strategy for the control of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongnuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wolf JJ, Saba JD, Hahm B. Analyzing Opposing Interactions Between Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Lyase and Influenza A Virus. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:331-335. [PMID: 35325556 PMCID: PMC9063141 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is a critical component of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism. SPL has been associated with several crucial cellular functions due to its role in S1P metabolism, but its role in viral infections is poorly understood. Studies show that SPL has an antiviral function against influenza A virus (IAV) by interacting with IKKɛ, promoting the type I interferon (IFN) innate immune response to IAV infection. However, a more recent study has revealed that IAV NS1 protein hampers this by triggering ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SPL, which reduces the type I IFN innate immune response. In this study, we describe SPL, the type I IFN response, and known interactions between SPL and IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Wolf
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Address correspondence to: Bumsuk Hahm, PhD, Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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