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Wang J, Yan H, Bei L, Jiang S, Zhang R. 2A2 protein of DHAV-1 induces duck embryo fibroblasts gasdermin E-mediated pyroptosis. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109987. [PMID: 38246107 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) causes rapid death in ducklings by triggering a severe cytokine storm. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is directly related to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Only a few studies have explored the mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in virus-infected avian cells. In this study, we established an avian infection model in vitro by infecting duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) with the virulent DHAV-1 LY0801 strain. DHAV-1 infection induced pyroptosis in the DEFs by activating gasdermin E (GSDME) protein via caspase-3-mediated cleavage. The genes encoding the different structural and non-structural DHAV-1 proteins were cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmids, and the 2A2 protein was identified as the key protein involved in pyroptosis. The HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis established that DHAV-1 2A2 directly interacted with the mitochondrial anti-viral signaling protein (MAVS) both intracellularly and in vitro. Furthermore, we got the results that N-terminal 1-130 aa of 2A2 was involved in the interaction with MAVS and the C-terminal TM domain of MAVS is necessary for the interaction with 2A2 by Co-IP analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that DHAV-1 protein interacts with host proteins to induce pyroptosis. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of DHAV-1 infection, and a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of duck viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lei Bei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
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2
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Yan H, Xu G, Bei L, Jiang S, Zhang R. Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 infection induces hepatic metabolite and gut microbiota changes in ducklings. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103265. [PMID: 38042039 PMCID: PMC10711513 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) can cause severe liver damage in infected ducklings and is a fatal and contagious pathogen that endangers the Chinese duck industry. The objective of this study was to explore the correlation mechanism of liver metabolism-gut microbiota in DHAV-1 infection. Briefly, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing combined with multivariate statistical analysis were used to evaluate the effects of DHAV-1 infection on liver metabolism, gut microbiota regulation, and other potential mechanisms in ducklings. In DHAV-1-infected ducklings at 72 h postinfection, changes were found in metabolites associated with key metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, which participated in signaling networks and ultimately affecting the function of the liver. The abundance and composition of gut microbiota were also changed, and gut microbiota is significantly involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. The evident correlation between gut microbiota and liver metabolites indicates that DHAV-host gut microbiome interactions play important roles in the development of duck viral hepatitis (DVH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guige Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lei Bei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China.
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3
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Wang X, Ding D, Liu Y, Zhao H, Sun J, Li Y, Cao J, Hou S, Zhang Y. Plasma lipidome reveals susceptibility and resistance of Pekin ducks to DHAV-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127095. [PMID: 37758112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 (DHAV-3) is the most popular pathogen of duck viral hepatitis (DVH) and has led to a huge economic threat to the Asian duck industry. In this work, we investigated the differences in the LC-MS/MS-based dynamic lipid profiles between susceptible and resistant Pekin duck lines with DHAV-3 infection. We found that the plasma lipidome of the two duck lines was characterized differently in expression levels of lipids during the infection, such as decreased levels of glycerolipids and increased levels of cholesteryl esters and glycerophospholipids in susceptible ducks compared with resistant ducks. By integrating lipidomics and transcriptomics analysis, we showed that the altered homeostasis of lipids was potentially regulated by a variety of differentially expressed genes including CHPT1, PI4K2A, and OSBP2 between the two duck lines, which could account for liver dysfunction, apoptosis, and illness upon DHAV-3 infection. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach, we determined a total of 25 infection-related lipids that were able to distinguish between the infection states of susceptible and resistant ducks. This study provides molecular clues for elucidating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of DHAV-3 infection in ducklings, which has implication for the development of resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dingbang Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junting Cao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunsheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Fu L, Wang Y. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Vertically Transmitted Viruses in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38200736 PMCID: PMC10777988 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the distribution and genetic variation in four vertically transmitted duck pathogens, including duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), and avian reoviruses (ARV), we conducted an epidemiology study using PCR and RT-PCR assays on a duck population. We found that DHBV was the most prevalent virus (69.74%), followed by DuCV (39.48%), and then ARV (19.92%) and DHAV-3 (8.49%). Among the 271 duck samples, two, three or four viruses were detected in the same samples, indicating that the coinfection of vertical transmission agents is common in ducks. The genetic analysis results showed that all four identified DuCV strains belonged to genotype 1, the DHAV-3 strain was closely clustered with previously identified strains from China, and the ARV stain was clustered under genotype 1. These indicate that different viral strains are circulating among the ducks. Our findings will improve the knowledge of the evolution of DuCV, DHAV-3, and ARV, and help choose suitable strains for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150068, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 408599, China;
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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5
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Wen Y, Kong J, Shen Y, He J, Shao G, Feng K, Xie Q, Zhang X. Construction and immune evaluation of the recombinant duck adenovirus type 3 delivering capsid protein VP1 of the type 1 duck hepatitis virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103117. [PMID: 37852056 PMCID: PMC10591007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serves as an excellent viral vector and is employed in vector vaccine research. Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV1) and duck adenovirus type 3 (DAdV3) cause significant economic losses in the Chinese duck industry. In this study, we found an excellent exogenous gene insertion site in DAdV3 genome of CH-GD-12-2014 strain, within 3 intergenic regions (IGR). Subsequently, we generated a recombinant duck adenovirus named rDAdV3-VP1-188, which exhibits excellent replication characteristics and immunogenicity of DAdV3 and DHAV1. Animal experiments showed that rDAdV3-VP1-188 can provide 100% protection against the DAdV3 and 80% protection against DHAV1. These results showed that rDAdV3-VP1-188 could induce protection against DAdV3 and DHAV1 in ducks, thus indicating the feasibility of DAdV3 as a vector for the development of avian vector vaccines. These insights contribute to the further development of DAdV3 vectors and other adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Wen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong AiHealth Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511899, PR China
| | - Jie Kong
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Yang C, Shah PT, Bahoussi AN, Wu C, Wang L, Xing L. Duck hepatitis a virus: Full-length genome-based phylogenetic and phylogeographic view during 1986-2020. Virus Res 2023; 336:199216. [PMID: 37657508 PMCID: PMC10507229 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is one of key pathogens for duck viral hepatitis, especially in Asian duck industry. Currently, two main genotypes (DHAV-1 and -3) exist. To explore insightfully the evolutionary character, we assessed the available 141 full-length genome sequences of DHAV isolated in 1986-2020 globally and divided DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 into further seven (DHAV-1 a-g) and five (DHAV-3 a-e) sub-clades, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic network analyses indicated great genetic diversity of DHAV identified in China, where the DHAV-1 cluster and DHAV-3 cluster were linked by virus strain HDHV1-BJ (GenBank ID: FJ157172.1) and Du_CH_LSD_090612 (GenBank ID: JF828995.1) via a long mutational branch and intermediate strains. Several strains previously identified as DHAV-1 according to the partial gene sequences were actually clustered within DHAV-3 in full-length genome-based analysis. Furthermore, we identified 32 recombination events across virus genome with the recombination hotspot at the 5' end and upstream of the capsid coding region. The highest variability of DHAV polyprotein was shown at the upstream region of the N terminus P-loop region, e.g., amino acids 672-716, followed by the aa 334-359 in the Capsid encoding region. The results presented here provides a robust insight into the genetic exchange patterns of DHAV genomes during the past decades, which may be used to map the evolutionary history and facilitate preventive measures of DHAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Amina Nawal Bahoussi
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, 63 Nanzhonghuan East Street, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, 63 Nanzhonghuan East Street, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Ye L, Zhou S, Zhang H, Zhang T, Yang D, Hong X. A meta-analysis for vaccine protection rate of duck hepatitis a virus in mainland China in 2009-2021. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:179. [PMID: 37773135 PMCID: PMC10540391 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is a single-stranded, positive-strand small RNA virus that causes a very high mortality rate in ducklings. The DHAV-3 subtype incidence rate has recently increased in China, causing great economic losses to the waterfowl breeding industry. We analyzed the protection rate of DHAV vaccines used in mainland China from 2009 to 2021 and evaluated the effectiveness of vaccine prevention and control to reduce the economic losses caused by DHAV to the waterfowl breeding industry. We screened five electronic research databases and obtained 14 studies and patents on the protection efficiency of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines. RESULTS Meta-analysis demonstrated that immunized ducklings produced higher antibody levels and had a significantly higher survival rate than non-immunized ducklings [relative risk (RR) = 12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6-26, P < 0.01]. The age of the ducks and vaccine valence did not affect protection efficiency. Data source analysis of the vaccine protection rate demonstrated that the vaccines conferred immune protection for ducklings in both small-scale experiments and large-scale clinical conditions. The analysis results revealed that although the vaccines conferred protection, the immune protective effect differed between small-scale experimental conditions and large-scale clinical conditions. This might have been due to non-standard vaccination and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Domestic DHAV vaccines can protect ducklings effectively. The subjects immunized (breeding ducks or ducklings) and vaccine valence had no effect on the protective effect. Both small-scale experiments and large-scale clinical conditions conferred immune protection on ducklings, but vaccine immunization under small-scale experimental conditions had slightly better protective effects than large-scale clinical immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ye
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Tangjie Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Daiqi Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingping Hong
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Rajendran R, Srinivasan J, Natarajan J, Govindan K, Kumaragurubaran K, Muthukrishnan M, Seeralan M, Subbiah M, Sundaram RS, Rao PL, Ramasamy S. First report of Duck Hepatitis A virus genotype 2 in India. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1231-1241. [PMID: 36595200 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death of ducklings was reported in a duck farm located at Tiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu, India. Disease investigation began with post mortem findings of dead birds revealing enlarged pale-pink / pale-yellow liver with multifocal petechiae and ecchymosis. A positive amplification with duck hepatitis A virus specific primers by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the tissue samples collected from dead birds indicated infection by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, known to cause acute and high-mortality in ducklings. The virus isolation was successful in 9-days old embryonated chicken eggs, in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells and from experimentally infected ducklings. The embryonic death on day 5 to 7 post inoculation in chicken embryos with signs of cutaneous hemorrhage, edema and greenish yellow liver together with histopathology of embryonic liver and kidney further confirmed DHAV infection. TEM analysis of the infected allantoic fluid and infected CEF cell culture supernatant showed the presence of spherical shaped, non-enveloped virion particles of ~ 20-38 nm diameter, typical for DHAV. Experimental infection of ducklings with RT-PCR positive tissue supernatant caused 40% to 50% mortality with typical petechial hemorrhages on the surface of liver. Further, histopathological analysis and RT-PCR of the inoculated duckling's tissues confirmed the presence of DHAV. Nucleotide sequencing of the 5'UTR region and VP1 region confirmed duck hepatitis A virus genotype 2 (DHAV-2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of laboratory confirmation of DHAV-2 in India. This study warrants the need for the extensive epidemiological surveillance to understand the prevalence of DHAV-2 in India and to take appropriate control measures to curtail the disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Rajendran
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India.
| | - Jaisree Srinivasan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Jayanthi Natarajan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Govindan
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Karthik Kumaragurubaran
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Madhanmohan Muthukrishnan
- Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Manoharan Seeralan
- Vaccine Research Center-Bacterial Vaccines, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 500 032
| | | | | | - Sridhar Ramasamy
- Central University Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600051, India
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9
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Zhang Y, Wu S, Liu W, Hu Z. Current status and future direction of duck hepatitis A virus vaccines. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:89-99. [PMID: 36571394 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2162367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH), mainly caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), is a highly fatal and rapidly spreading infectious disease of young ducklings that seriously jeopardizes the duck industry worldwide. DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) is the main genotype responsible for disease outbreaks since 1945, and the disease situation is complicated by the emergence and dissemination of a novel genotype (DHAV-3) in some countries in Asia and Africa. Live attenuated DHAV vaccines are widely used to induce a considerable degree of protection in ducklings. Breeder ducks are immunized with inactivated or/and live DHAV vaccines to achieve satisfactory levels of passive immunity in progeny. In addition, novel characteristics of virus transmission, pathogenicity and pathogenesis of DHAV were recently characterized, necessitating the development of new vaccines and effective vaccination programmes against DVH. Therefore, a systematic dissection of the profiles, strengths and shortcomings of the available DHAV vaccines is essential. Moreover, to further increase the efficiency of vaccine production and administration, the development of next-generation DHAV vaccines using cutting-edge technologies is also required. In this review, based on a comprehensive summary of the research advances in the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and genomic features of DHAV, we focus on reviewing and analysing the features of the commercial and experimental DHAV vaccines. We also propose perspectives for disease control based on the specific disease situations in different countries. This review provides essential information for vaccine development and disease control of DVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Xia X, Cheng A, Wang M, Ou X, Sun D, Zhang S, Mao S, Yang Q, Tian B, Wu Y, Huang J, Gao Q, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao XX, Zhu D, Yu Y, Zhang L. DHAV 3CD targets IRF7 and RIG-I proteins to block the type I interferon upstream signaling pathway. Vet Res 2023; 54:5. [PMID: 36703166 PMCID: PMC9878786 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is an acute, highly lethal infectious agent that infects ducklings and causes up to 95% mortality in ducklings up to 1 week of age, posing a significant economic threat to the duck farming industry. Previous studies have found that the proteolytic enzyme 3 C encoded by DHAV-1 can inhibit the IRF7 protein from blocking the upstream signaling pathway of the type I interferon to promote viral replication. However, there are still few studies on the mechanism of DHAV-1 in immune evasion. Here, we demonstrate that the DHAV-1 3CD protein can interact with IRF7 protein and reduce IRF7 protein expression without directly affecting IRF7 protein nuclear translocation. Further studies showed that the 3CD protein could reduce the expression of RIG-I protein without affecting its transcription level. Furthermore, we found that the 3CD protein interacted with the N-terminal structural domain of RIG-I protein, interfered with the interaction between RIG-I and MAVS, and degraded RIG-I protein through the proteasomal degradation pathway, thereby inhibiting its mediated antiviral innate immunity to promote DHAV-1 replication. These data suggest a novel immune evasion mechanism of DHAV-1 mediated by the 3CD protein, and the results of this experiment are expected to improve the understanding of the biological functions of the viral precursor protein and provide scientific data to elucidate the mechanism of DHAV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xumin Ou
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Di Sun
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Sai Mao
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qiao Yang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Bin Tian
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ying Wu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Juan Huang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qun Gao
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Renyong Jia
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shun Chen
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yanling Yu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ling Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ,grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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11
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Zhou S, Li S, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang T. Duck hepatitis A virus prevalence in mainland China between 2009–2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2022; 208:105730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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12
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An Emerging Duck Egg-Reducing Syndrome Caused by a Novel Picornavirus Containing Seven Putative 2A Peptides. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050932. [PMID: 35632674 PMCID: PMC9144743 DOI: 10.3390/v14050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, frequent outbreaks of egg-reducing syndromes caused by an unknown virus in duck farms have resulted in huge economic losses in China. The causative virus was isolated and identified as a novel species in Avihepatovirus of the picornavirus family according to the current guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICVT), and was named the duck egg-reducing syndrome virus (DERSV). The DERSV was most closely related to wild duck avihepatovirus-like virus (WDALV) with 64.0%, 76.8%, 77.5%, and 70.7% of amino acid identities of P1, 2C, 3C, and 3D proteins, respectively. The DERSV had a typical picornavirus-like genomic structure, but with the longest 2A region in the reported picornaviruses so far. Importantly, the clinical symptoms were successfully observed by artificially infecting ducks with DERSV, even in the contact exposed ducks, which suggested that DERSV transmitted among ducks by direct contact. The antibody levels of DERSV were correlated with the emergence of the egg-reducing syndromes in ducks in field. These results indicate that DERSV is a novel emerging picornavirus causing egg-reducing syndrome in ducks.
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13
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Optimization of Heat-Resistance Technology for a Duck Hepatitis Lyophilized Live Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020269. [PMID: 35214727 PMCID: PMC8880185 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, to improve the quality of a live attenuated vaccine for duck viral hepatitis (DHV), the lyophilization of a heat-resistant duck hepatitis virus vaccine was optimized. The optimized heat protectors were made of 10% sucrose, 1.2% pullulan, 0.5% PVP, and 1% arginine, etc., with a titer freeze-drying loss of ≤0.50 Lg. The vaccine product’s valence measurements demonstrated the following: the vaccine could be stored at 2–8 °C for 18 months with a virus titer loss ≤0.91 Lg; at 37 °C for 10 days with a virus valence loss ≤0.89 Lg; and at 45 °C for 3 days with a virus titer loss ≤0.90 Lg. Regarding safety, no deaths occurred in two-day-old ducklings immunized with a 10 times dose vaccine; their energy, diet, and weight gain were all normal, demonstrating that the DHV heat-resistant vaccines were safe for ducklings and did not cause any immune side effects. Duck viral hepatitis freeze-dried vaccine began to produce antibodies at 7 d after immunization, reached above 5.0 on 14 d, and reached above 7.0 on 21 d, showing a continuous upward trend. This indicates that duck viral hepatitis vaccine has a good immunogen level. The optimization of the freeze-drying process saves costs and also improves the quality of the freeze-drying products, which provides important theoretical and technical support for the further study of vaccine products.
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14
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Yang F, Liu P, Li X, Liu R, Gao L, Cui H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Qi X, Pan Q, Liu A, Wang X, Gao Y, Li K. Recombinant Duck Enteritis Virus-Vectored Bivalent Vaccine Effectively Protects Against Duck Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Ducks. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:813010. [PMID: 35003046 PMCID: PMC8727602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck enteritis virus (DEV) and duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) are prevalent duck pathogens, causing significant economic losses in the duck industry annually. Using a fosmid-based rescue system, we generated two DEV recombinants, rDEV-UL26/27-P13C and rDEV-US7/8-P13C, in which the P1 and 3C genes from DHAV type 3 (DHAV-3) were inserted into the DEV genome between genes UL26 and UL27 or genes US7 and US8. We inserted a self-cleaving 2A-element between P1 and 3C, allowing the production of both proteins from a single open reading frame. P1 and 3C were simultaneously expressed in infected chicken embryo fibroblasts, with no difference in growth kinetics between cells infected with the recombinant viruses and those infected with the parent DEV. Both recombinant viruses induced neutralizing antibodies against DHAV-3 and DEV in ducks. A single dose of the recombinant viruses induced solid protection against lethal DEV challenge and completely prevented DHAV-3 infection as early as 7 days post-vaccination. These recombinant P1- and 3C-expressing DEVs provide potential bivalent vaccines against DEV and DHAV-3 infection in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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15
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Lai Y, Xia X, Cheng A, Wang M, Ou X, Mao S, Sun D, Zhang S, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao XX, Huang J, Gao Q, Tian B, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Pan L. DHAV-1 Blocks the Signaling Pathway Upstream of Type I Interferon by Inhibiting the Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Protein. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700434. [PMID: 34867836 PMCID: PMC8633874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), which mainly infects 1- to 4-week-old ducklings, has a fatality rate of 95% and poses a huge economic threat to the duck industry. However, the mechanism by which DHAV-1 regulates the immune response of host cells is rarely reported. This study examined whether DHAV-1 contains a viral protein that can regulate the innate immunity of host cells and its specific regulatory mechanism, further exploring the mechanism by which DHAV-1 resists the host immune response. In the study, the dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to screen the viral protein that regulates the host innate immunity and the target of this viral protein. The results indicate that the DHAV-1 3C protein inhibits the pathway upstream of interferon (IFN)-β by targeting the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) protein. In addition, we found that the 3C protein inhibits the nuclear translocation of the IRF7 protein. Further experiments showed that the 3C protein interacts with the IRF7 protein through its N-terminus and that the 3C protein degrades the IRF7 protein in a caspase 3-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting the IFN-β-mediated antiviral response to promote the replication of DHAV-1. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for elucidating the mechanisms of DHAV-1 infection and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Lai
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zhang T, Li C, Cao M, Wang D, Wang Q, Xie Y, Gao S, Fu S, Zhou X, Wu J. A Novel Rice Curl Dwarf-Associated Picornavirus Encodes a 3C Serine Protease Recognizing Uncommon EPT/S Cleavage Sites. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757451. [PMID: 34721366 PMCID: PMC8549817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses cause diseases in a wide range of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. Here, a novel picornavirus was identified by RNA-seq technology from rice plants showing dwarfing and curling symptoms, and the name rice curl dwarf-associated virus (RCDaV) is tentatively proposed. The RCDaV genome consists of an 8,987 nt positive-stranded RNA molecule, excluding a poly(A) tail, that encodes two large polyproteins. Using in vitro cleavage assays, we have identified that the RCDaV 3C protease (3Cpro) as a serine protease recognizes the conserved EPT/S cleavage site which differs from the classic Q(E)/G(S) sites cleaved by most picornaviral 3C chymotrypsin-like cysteine proteases. Therefore, we comprehensively deciphered the RCDaV genome organization and showed that the two polyproteins of RCDaV can be cleaved into 12 mature proteins. We found that seven unclassified picornaviruses also encode a 3Cpro similar to RCDaV, and use the highly conserved EPT/S as the cleavage site. The precise genome organizations of these viruses were illustrated. Moreover, RCDaV and the seven unclassified picornaviruses share high sequence identities and similar genome organizations, and cluster into a distinct clade in the order Picornavirales. Our study provides valuable information for the understanding of picornaviral 3Cpros, deciphers the genome organization of a few relatively obscure picornaviruses, and lays the foundation for further pathogenesis research on these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hainan, China
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Ming K, Su L, Zhang B, He M, Qiu T, Wang J, Meng J, Liu J, Wang D, Wu Y. Comparison of viral distribution in duck hepatitis A virus-infected duckling models established by two different methods. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:156-163. [PMID: 34749100 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) infection is the main cause of duck viral hepatitis, but the replication process and distribution of DHAV-1 in vivo are still poorly understood. In this study, six-day-old ducklings were infected by two different methods: by intramuscular injection to establish DHAV-1 infection animal models and by the combined administration of virus solution orally, through nasal inhalation, through inoculation of the eye, and through intrarectal contact to simulate natural infection. Tissues were collected at different time points and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to analyze the gene expression levels of DHAV-1 in different tissues. The results showed that the viral gene levels responded to the different challenge methods. Viral gene expression levels in all tissues in the intramuscular injection group were lower than those in the group that simulated natural infection. In both groups, the liver was the primary tissue that responsible for the replication of DHAV-1 genes, as virus gene level peaked at 4 h post infection (hpi). In addition, the respiratory and digestive tracts were important regions for DHAV-1 infection as high viral gene levels were detected at early (8 hpi) and late (96 hpi) stages of infection. This research utilized a novel infection method to simulate natural infection and analyzed the DHAV-1 distribution in different tissues. The findings can provide guidance for making prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Linglin Su
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Baokang Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Tianxin Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jinwu Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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18
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Chen Z, Shi SH, Huang Y, Huang CQ, Liu RC, Cheng LF, Fu GH, Chen HM, Wan CH, Fu QL. Differential metabolism-associated gene expression of duck pancreatic cells in response to two strains of duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3105-3116. [PMID: 34482448 PMCID: PMC8497338 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several outbreaks of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), which were characterized by yellow coloration and hemorrhage in pancreatic tissues, have occurred in China. The causative agent is called pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1. The mechanisms involved in pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 infection are still unclear. Transcriptome analysis of duck pancreas infected with classical-type DHAV-1 and pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 was carried out. Deep sequencing with Illumina-Solexa resulted in a total of 53.9 Gb of clean data from the cDNA library of the pancreas, and a total of 29,597 unigenes with an average length of 993.43 bp were generated by de novo sequence assembly. The expression levels of D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, and phosphoserine phosphatase, which are involved in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathways, were significantly downregulated in ducks infected with pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 compared with those infected with classical-type DHAV-1. These findings provide information regarding differences in expression levels of metabolism-associated genes between ducks infected with pancreatitis-associated DHAV-1 and those infected with classical-type DHAV-1, indicating that intensive metabolism disorders may contribute to the different phenotypes of DHAV-1-infection.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acids/genetics
- Amino Acids/metabolism
- Animals
- Ducks/virology
- Gene Expression
- Hepatitis Virus, Duck/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Pancreas/cytology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreas/virology
- Pancreatitis/pathology
- Pancreatitis/virology
- Picornaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Picornaviridae Infections/pathology
- Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- Poultry Diseases/genetics
- Poultry Diseases/metabolism
- Poultry Diseases/pathology
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui-Qin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Chang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-He Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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19
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Fehér E, Jakab S, Bali K, Kaszab E, Nagy B, Ihász K, Bálint Á, Palya V, Bányai K. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081592. [PMID: 34452457 PMCID: PMC8402860 DOI: 10.3390/v13081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004-2005, in Hungary. Recombination analysis revealed intragenotype recombination within DHAV-1 as well as intergenotype recombination events involving DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains. The intergenotype recombination occurred in the VP0 region. Diversifying selection seems to act at sites of certain genomic regions. Calculations estimated slightly lower rates of evolution of DHAV-1 (mean rates for individual protein coding regions, 5.6286 × 10-4 to 1.1147 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year) compared to other picornaviruses. The observed evolutionary mechanisms indicate that whole-genome-based analysis of DHAV strains is needed to better understand the emergence of novel strains and their geographical dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Borbála Nagy
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Ceva-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hassan TIR, Eid AAM, Ghanem IAI, Shahin AM, Adael SAA, Mohamed FF. First Report of Duck Hepatitis A Virus 3 from Duckling Flocks of Egypt. Avian Dis 2021; 64:269-276. [PMID: 33205161 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A viruses (DHAV-1, DHAV-2, and DHAV-3) are the predominant causes of duck virus hepatitis (DVH), a disease of ducklings that leads to massive morbidities, mortalities, and economic losses. As a duck-producing country, Egypt suffered lately from several attacks of DVH, despite the regular vaccination of birds. Between Spring 2016 and Summer 2018, 54 duckling flocks in the Sharkia province of Egypt were tested using the reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) based on the DHAV-3D targeting primers. Of them, 27.8% (15/54) were positive. Upon retesting of positive samples using RT-PCR and duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV)-3 VP1-based primers, 33.3% (5/15) contained DHAV-3 RNA. For further analysis at the molecular level, the VP1 and the 3D genes were sequenced using the same primer sets used earlier. The phylogenetic trees confirmed that study sequences belonged to DHAV-3. However, they were displayed as a separate cluster following a geographically dependent distribution. They were also completely unrelated to the Egyptian DHAV-1-based vaccine. This was further confirmed by low nucleotide and amino acid identities in relation to this vaccine. In addition, the VP1 and 3D genes had the same phylogenetic topography. The study VP1 sequences had three unique amino acid substitutions (L59, V208 only in one strain, and C219). As far as we know, this is the first report on DHAV-3 outside Asia, particularly in Egypt. Accordingly, the vaccination strategy against DHAV should be quickly updated to avoid further dissemination of the virus. The epidemiology, pathogenicity, and evolution of DHAV-3 should be carefully monitored in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer I R Hassan
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig Branch), Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A I Ghanem
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
| | - Abeer M Shahin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
| | - Samy A A Adael
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig Branch), Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511 Egypt
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21
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Li Y, Cui Y, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y. Establishment of duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of duck hepatitis a virus-1 and duck astrovirus-3. Avian Dis 2021; 65:281-286. [PMID: 33496724 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) mainly affects ducklings under 1 month of age, causes liver necrosis, enlargement, and hemorrhage, and is highly lethal, seriously jeopardizing the duck industry. The prevalence of serotypes DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 is increasing, and co-infection is common. Moreover, the similar clinical characteristics of the DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 infections and high frequency of co-infection make diagnosis difficult. In this study, to establish a method for the rapid simultaneous detection of DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 , two pairs of specific primers were designed according to their conserved gene regions. A SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay was successfully established that can quickly and differentially detect the two viruses. Moreover, the assay is highly specific and does not show cross-reaction with other common viruses. The detection limit of the method is 7.34 × 10 1 copies/μL and 3.78 × 10 1 copies/μL for DHAV-1 and DAstV-3, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. A total of 34 clinical samples were tested using the established method; the positive rates for DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 was 14.71% and 8.82%, respectively, and that for co-infection was 2.94% (1/34), which was better than that obtained with conventional PCR. In summary, the SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay established in this study has high specificity, good sensitivity and accuracy, high feasibility, and is rapid. Thus, it can be a powerful tool for the co-infection detection of DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 and for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University 130 Changjiang West Road CHINA Hefei 230036 +86 551 65786328
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22
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Niu Y, Liu B, Sun C, Zhao L, Chen H. Construction of the recombinant duck enteritis virus delivering capsid protein VP0 of the duck hepatitis A virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 249:108837. [PMID: 32947184 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) disease causes significant economic losses to the duck industry. Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is frequently used as a viral vector for aquatic poultry vaccination, but no recombinan DEV expressing DHAV-1 VP0 has been developed. In this study, we established a system for rescuing the DEV C-KCE vaccine strain by transfecting cells with six fosmid DNAs. We generated a recombinant virus (rDEV-ul41VP0) by inserting the VP0 gene of DHAV-1 into the ul41 region in the DEV C-KCE genome. DHAV-1 VP0 was stably expressed in the rDEV-ul41VP0 infected cells, but did not affect the replication properties of DEV C-KCE in cells. Duck experiments showed that rDEV-ul41VP0 could provided full protection against the lethal DEV Chinese standard challenge (DEV CSC) and conferred 70% protection against DHAV-1 161/79 at 3 days postvaccination. These results indicate that rDEV-ul41VP0 rapidly induces protection against DEV CSC and DHAV-1 in ducks, and can be served as a bivalent vaccine against DEV and DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Baihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Chang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, PR China.
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23
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Yehia N, Erfan AM, Omar SE, Soliman MA. Dual Circulation of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotypes 1 and 3 in Egypt. Avian Dis 2020; 65:1-9. [PMID: 34339115 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes acute hepatitis and mortality, resulting in high economic losses in the duck farm industry. The current study describes the outbreak of DHAV in vaccinated duck farms in North Egypt during 2019 and molecular characterization of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and viral protein VP1 genes. The 30 samples were collected from 7- to 28-day-old commercial Pekin ducks that showed a history of nervous signs and sudden deaths and were on farms in 6 governorates. DHAV was typed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 3' UTR and VP1 genes and revealed 20 positive farms, with the first detection of DHAV genotype 3 (DHAV-3) in 18 samples and the classic DHAV-1 in 2 samples. The phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and 3' UTR genes of the nine selected strains representative of six governorates revealed that seven strains were clustered with DHAV-3 Chinese and Korean-Vietnamese strains within different subgroups with 92.4%-93.7% amino acid identity; such strains were distinguishable from the vaccine strain of DHAV-1 used in Egypt with 74.4% amino acid identity. The other strains were closely related to the DHAV-1 Asian strain and the vaccine strain used in Egypt with 98.7%-99.6% amino acid identity for the VP1 gene with different clustering than that of recently isolated DHAV-1 Egyptian strains. The VP1 gene of DHAV-3 had 1 hypervariable region (HVR) with 10 amino acid mutations compared with DHAV3/DN2/Vietnam/2011, but DHAV-1 had 3 HVRs with 1 amino acid mutation in HVRII compared with the DHAV-1 vaccine strain. In conclusion, a new introduction of DHAV-3 with the classical DHAV-1 was recorded in Pekin duck farms in North Egypt that is genetically distant from the vaccinal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Sabry E Omar
- Animal Health Research Institute, Banha Branch, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618 Egypt,
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24
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Zhang R, Yang Y, Lan J, Xie Z, Zhang X, Jiang S. Evidence of possible vertical transmission of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 in ducks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:267-275. [PMID: 32598568 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes a highly contagious and acute disease in ducklings younger than 3 weeks of age and spreads rapidly by horizontal transmission to all susceptible ducklings in the flock. To date, there is no evidence of vertical transmission of DHAV-1. In a previous study, we identified a novel DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) isolate that could infect adult ducks and induce laying drop. In this study, 30 non-embryonated duck eggs and 60 17-day-old embryos were collected from three breeding duck flocks with egg drop syndrome caused by DHAV-1 in China, and 30 17-day-old embryos were randomly selected from the 60 embryos and allowed to hatch. DHAV-1 RNA was detected by RT-PCR in 10 of 30 non-embryonated eggs, 9 of 30 17-day-old embryos, 5 of 7 dead embryos and 5 of 23 newly hatched ducklings. Overall, 29 of 90 (32.2%) eggs and embryos were positive for DHAV-1. Three DHAV-1 strains were isolated from the dead duck embryos of the three breeding duck flocks, respectively. Pathogenicity studies showed that the three DHAV-1 isolates had median embryo lethal doses but were highly pathogenic to healthy ducklings. Compared with the DHAV reference strains, there were two specific amino acid mutation sites (F169 and S220 ) in VP1 of the three isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that DHAV-1 is isolated from duck embryos. The findings provide evidence of possible vertical transmission of DHAV-1 from breeding ducks to ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China
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25
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Li Y, Wang K, Yu K, Hu F, Tian X, Huang B, Liu H, Wu J, Song M. Identification and genome characterization of a novel picornavirus from ducks in China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2087-2089. [PMID: 32524264 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel picornavirus, referred to as Duck/FC22/China/2017, was isolated from breeding ducks in China and genetically characterized by conducting metagenomics studies. The complete genome consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA made up of 7448 nucleotides (nt) and follows the common picornavirus genome layout: 5' UTR-VP0-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3' UTR. A typical type-IV internal ribosomal entry site and a conserved 'barbell-like' structure were identified in the 5' UTR and 3' UTR, respectively. The unique 6423-nt open reading frame was predicted to encode a 2141-amino-acid (aa) polyprotein precursor. A pairwise aa sequence identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that Duck/FC22/China/2017 is closely related to duck aalivirus, duck hepatitis A virus, turkey avisivirus, and red-crowned crane picornavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China
| | - Kexiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Minxun Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
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Development of a live attenuated duck hepatitis A virus type 3 vaccine (strain SD70). Vaccine 2020; 38:4695-4703. [PMID: 32446833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) is an important pathogen that causes substantial losses in the Chinese duck industry. DHAV-3 is highly fatal to ducklings and there is no licensed vaccine in China available to reduce DHAV-3 infection. Our goal was to develop a live attenuated vaccine candidate against DHAV-3. A field isolated strain, SD, was attenuated by serially passaging in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos, and it lost its pathogenicity after 40 passages. The 70th passaged strain (SD70), which achieved good growth capacity in chicken embryos with a viral titer of 107.5 ELD50/mL, was chosen to be the live attenuated vaccine candidate. The SD70 strain did not cause clinical signs of disease or mortality in 1-day-old ducklings and showed no virulence reversion after seven rounds of in vivo back passages. The minimum effective dose of SD70 was determined to be 102.5 ELD50 via the vaccination route of subcutaneous inoculation. A single dose of the SD70 provided good protection to susceptible ducklings against the lethal DHAV-3 strain. Compared with the genomic sequence of the parent SD strain, the SD70 had 12 amino acid substitutions, some of which may play a role in virulence attenuation. This study demonstrated that the attenuated SD70 strain is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of DHAV-3 infection in China. It exhibited safety, good stability and excellent protection.
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Niu Y, Ma H, Ding Y, Li Z, Sun Y, Li M, Shi Y. The pathogenicity of duck hepatitis A virus types 1 and 3 on ducklings. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6333-6339. [PMID: 31393586 PMCID: PMC8913754 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is one of the pathogens that cause fatal duck viral hepatitis (DVH) in ducklings, which is an acute and contagious disease with a high mortality rate. Despite a continuing official duck vaccination program, DHAV infection remains a major threat to the duck industry. Considerable changes were observed in the epidemiology of DHAV-1/-3 in China over time. Therefore, comparing the pathogenicity of different DHAV serotypes can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prevention of DVH. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of infection with DHAV-1/-3 field strains on clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological changes, viral RNA detection, enzymatic systems, and metabolite concentrations. The results demonstrated that the major macroscopic and microscopic lesions in ducks infected with DHAV-1/-3 in the liver, brain, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys exhibited no significant differences. After 24 h of infection, DHAV quickly appeared in blood and major organs. Significant changes in clinical chemical markers together with histopathological lesions and viral RNA detection indicated that the liver is the major target organ for both viruses, resulting in impaired of liver integrity and function. In addition, we found that both viruses were able to invade both central and peripheral immune organs. Also lipase plasma activity was substantially affected by DHAV-1/-3, indicating that the integrity and function of the pancreas was compromised. However, there was no significant difference in pathogenicity between DHAV-1 and -3. The results of this study provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DHAV-1/3, two viruses that cause serious depression, metabolic disorders, and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Niu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Zhejiang Shihua Nobel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yuanchao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Meihang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
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28
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Meng C, Huang Y, Rehman ZU, Hu W, Li C, Liang R, Chen Z, Song K, Wei T, Liu G. Development of an MCA-Based Real Time RT-qPCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Types 1 and 3. Virol Sin 2020; 35:666-669. [PMID: 32270426 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zaib Ur Rehman
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kaijie Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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29
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Mansour SMG, Mohamed FF, ElBakrey RM, Eid AAM, Mor SK, Goyal SM. Outbreaks of Duck Hepatitis A Virus in Egyptian Duckling Flocks. Avian Dis 2020; 63:68-74. [PMID: 31251521 DOI: 10.1637/11975-092118-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During 2015, duck farms (n = 27) in Sharkia Province, Egypt, experienced several disease outbreaks leading to mortality and nervous manifestations. Upon necropsy, the affected ducklings showed liver lesions, such as hemorrhage or necrosis, suggestive of duck virus hepatitis (DVH). Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), on the basis of the 3D gene, found duck livers from 21 farms to be positive for duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1 (DHAV-1). All duck breeds (Pekin, Mallard, and Muscovy) were infected. The virus was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, which showed embryonic mortality (40%-80%) within 5-7 days, stunting or dwarfing (69.6%), and necrotic liver foci (60.9%). The VP1 gene of 11 DHAV-1 strains was characterized by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. All study strains were clustered in a monophyletic branch within subclade B2 of Group 4 and were separated from the Egyptian vaccine strain. Several amino acid (aa) residues, such as V129, S142 (only in four strains), L181, G184, and K217, were related to virus attenuation. However, two aa residues (N193 and E205), found in virulent DHAV-1 strains, were also observed in our strains. This study confirms the circulation of DHAV-1 (subclade B2) in Lower Egypt and elucidates the phylogenetic characters of the VP1 genes, which will be useful in following the local trends of DHAV-1 infections. Further studies are indicated to determine the correlation between these mutations and the virulence of the Egyptian DHAV-1 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M G Mansour
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Fakry F Mohamed
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Reham M ElBakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia 44511, Egypt
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108,
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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30
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A Novel Peptide Isolated from a Phage Display Peptide Library Modeling Antigenic Epitope of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010121. [PMID: 32150877 PMCID: PMC7157547 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), the major pathogen of duck virus hepatitis (DVH), causes severe diseases that threaten the duck industry worldwide. The VP1 protein, a major structural protein of DHAV, is able to induce neutralizing antibody in ducks. The purpose of this study was to identify the antigenic mimotope of DHAV by phage display technology. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4E6 against DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 was prepared, and a phage library prepared with the PhD-12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit was screened with the mAb. A novel peptide, 1GLTWKLPPSM10 was identified with high affinity to the mAb and could specifically block mAb 4E6 from binding DHAV-1 and DHAV-3. Animal tests confirmed that the immunization of ducklings with the mimotope could inhibit the virus proliferation and protect the ducklings from DVH. In summary, the neutralizing conformational mimotope 1GLTWKLPPSM10 might be a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of DHAV infection.
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31
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Wang M, Chai L, Liang S, Lv J, Yang L, Qu S, Jin M, Li Q, Wang X, Zhang D. Fetal Calf Serum Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Replication of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 1 in Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010080. [PMID: 31936491 PMCID: PMC7019637 DOI: 10.3390/v12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the causative agents of duck viral hepatitis, duck hepatitis A virus genotype 1 (DHAV-1) is the most common virus reported in most outbreaks worldwide. How to propagate DHAV-1 in cell cultures efficiently remains a problem to be explored. Here, we aimed to test the effect of serum type on DHAV-1 replication in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. Comparative studies involved virus culture and passage, observation of cytopathic effect (CPE), virus quantification, and plaque formation assay. From the results of these investigations, we conclude that use of chicken serum (CS) in maintenance medium allows DHAV-1 to establish productive, cytocidal infection in DEF cells, whereas FCS exerts inhibitory effects on DHAV-1 replication, CPE development, and plaque formation. By using a neutralization test, we found that the direct action of FCS on virions is likely to play a key role in inhibiting DHAV-1 replication in DEF cells. Mechanism analyses revealed that FCS inhibits DHAV-1 replication at virus adsorption and reduces extracellular virus yields. The present work may shed light on a new perspective for antiviral agent development, and have provided a virus–host cell system for further studies on molecular mechanism involved DHAV-1 replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-62733348 (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-62733348 (D.Z.)
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32
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Lan J, Zhang R, Yu H, Wang J, Xue W, Chen J, Lin S, Wang Y, Xie Z, Jiang S. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Uncovers the Mediation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Autophagy in DHAV-1-Infected DEF Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246160. [PMID: 31817666 PMCID: PMC6940786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process and is activated in cells in response to stress signals. Despite extensive study, the interplay between duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) and the autophagy of host cells is not clear. In this study, we applied proteomics analysis to investigate the interaction mechanism between DHAV-1 and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells. In total, 507 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, with 171 upregulated proteins and 336 downregulated proteins. The protein expression level of heat shock proteins (Hsps) and their response to stimulus proteins and zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) were significantly increased while the same aspects of ribosome proteins declined. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that DEPs were mainly involved in the “response to stimulus”, the “defense response to virus”, and the “phagosome pathway”. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to the lipidation form of LC3-II increased, and the conversion rate decreased when DEF cells were processed with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). These findings indicated that DHAV-1 infection could cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy in DEF cells, and that ER stress was an important regulatory factor in the activation of autophagy. Our data provide a new clue regarding the host cell response to DHAV-1 and identify proteins involved in the DHAV-1 infection process or the ER stress-induced autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Honglei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenxiang Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- College of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, China
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine and Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, China;
| | - Zhijing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China; (J.L.); (R.Z.); (H.Y.); (J.W.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (Z.X.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-538-8245799
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The VP3 protein of duck hepatitis A virus mediates host cell adsorption and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16783. [PMID: 31727985 PMCID: PMC6856352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes an infectious disease that mainly affects 1- to 4-week-old ducklings, resulting in considerable loss to the duck industry. Although there have been many studies on DHAV in recent years, the effects on host infection and pathogenesis of DHAV-1 remain largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of the DHAV-1 structural protein VP3 on DHAV-1 virus adsorption and apoptosis to explore the role of VP3 in the viral life cycle. The effects of DHAV-1 VP3 and an antibody against the protein on virion adsorption was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the virus copy number for the rabbit anti-VP3 IgG-treated group was significantly lower than that for the negative control group but higher than that for the rabbit anti-DHAV-1 IgG-treated group. This result indicates that VP3 mediates DHAV-1 virus adsorption but that it is not the only protein that involved in this process. In addition, a eukaryotic recombinant plasmid, pCAGGS/VP3, was transfected into duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), and the apoptotic rate was determined by DAPI staining, the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. DAPI staining showed nucleus fragmentation and nuclear edge shifting. TUNEL assay results revealed yellow nuclei, and flow cytometry indicated a significant increase in the apoptotic rate. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed increased in the transcriptional levels of the apoptotic caspase-3, −8 and −9, with the largest increase for caspase-3, followed by caspase-9 and caspase-8. Enzyme activity analysis confirmed these results. Furthermore, the VP3 protein decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the transcriptional levels of the proapoptotic factors Bak, Cyt c and Apaf-1 in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were significantly upregulated. These data suggest that expression of VP3 in DEFs induces apoptosis and may primarily activate caspase-3-induced apoptosis through mitochondrion-mediated intrinsic pathways. The findings provide scientific data to clarify DHAV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
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Ren Y, Yue H, Zhu L, Tang C, Zhang B. Development and evaluation of reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR assay to detect duck hepatitis A virus type A in liver samples using the POCKIT TM system. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1533-1539. [PMID: 31406032 PMCID: PMC6863721 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) infection is characterized by severe hepatitis. In recent
years, DHAV-A has become widespread in Asia and has led to economic losses. Conventional
methods of DHAV-A detection must often be performed in the laboratory with inconvenience
equipment. We have developed a rapid reverse transcription insulated isothermal (RT-iiPCR)
technique for the on-site detection of DHAV-A based on the POCKITTM system in a
convenient minitype device. We optimized the PCR primers and probes for the amplification
of the DHAV-A 3C/3D genes, and successfully amplified a specific fragment of DHAV-A, but
no fragment from 18 other duck pathogens. The limit of detection for viral RNA was 49
copies per reaction, and the sensitivity and specificity were each 100% in the analysis of
60 liver samples. By comparison, the sensitivities of RT-iiPCR was comparable in
sensitivity to existing rRT-PCR. Furthermore, the RT-iiPCR results were 98.3% in agreement
with those of the rRT-PCR, with a kappa value of 0.938. In conclusion, this new method not
only offers a higher sensitivity and specificity than existing techniques, but also
time-saving and better suited to field diagnoses because device is portable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, South Section 4, First Ring Rd, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, South Section 4, First Ring Rd, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, South Section 4, First Ring Rd, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, South Section 4, First Ring Rd, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, P.R. China
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Chen X, Chen Y, Liu C, Li X, Liu H, Yin X, Bai X, Ge M, Chen H, Liu M, Du Y, Fan G, Zhang Y. Improved one-tube RT-PCR method for simultaneous detection and genotyping of duck hepatitis A virus subtypes 1 and 3. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219750. [PMID: 31369566 PMCID: PMC6675107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cocirculation of duck hepatitis A virus subtypes 1 (DHAV-1) and 3 (DHAV-3) in ducklings has resulted in significant economic losses. Ducklings with DHAV-1 or DHAV-3 infection show similar clinical signs and gross lesions; hence, it is important to identify the viral subtypes in infected ducklings as early as possible for better clinical management. Methods and results Based on multiple 5’ noncoding region (5’-NCR) sequences of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strain alignments, universal and type-specific primers were designed and synthesized. With three primers in one-tube reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), reference DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 isolates ranging over 60 years and across many different countries were successfully amplified, indicating that the primer sequences were completely conserved. The sequence results and the sizes of amplicons from reference DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 isolates are completely correlated with their subtypes. Moreover, with this one-tube RT-PCR system, amplicon sizes from liver samples of reference DHAV-1- or DHAV-3-infected birds fit closely with their subtypes, which was determined by virus isolation and neutralization testing. No other duck-origin RNA viruses were detected. The sensitivity of viral RNA detection was 10 pg. With this system, 20% subtype 1, 45% subtype 3, and 9% coinfection of two subtypes were detected in 55 clinical samples. Conclusions and significance This novel approach could be used for rapidly typing DHAV-1 or DHAV-3 infection in routine clinical surveillance or epidemiological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Chungguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuchen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ML); (HC)
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ML); (HC)
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- State Key Lab of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccine, YeBio of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Gencheng Fan
- State Key Lab of Genetically Engineered Veterinary Vaccine, YeBio of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ML); (HC)
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Chen JH, Zhang RH, Lin SL, Li PF, Lan JJ, Gao JM, Xie ZJ, Li FC, Jiang SJ. Identification of a functional nuclear localization signal in 3D pol/3CD of duck hepatitis A virus 1. Virus Res 2019; 270:197670. [PMID: 31330206 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear localization signals (NLS) were usually composed of basic residues (K and R) and played an important role in delivery of genomes and structural protein into nucleus. In this research, we identified that 3Dpol/3CD entered into nucleus during viral propagation of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). To investigate the reason that 3Dpol/3CD entered into nucleus, the amino acid sequence of 3CD was analyzed through NLS Mapper program. The basic region 17PRKTAYMRS25 was subsequently proved to be a functional NLS to guide 3Dpol/3CD into nucleus. 18R, 19K and 24R were found essential for maintaining the nuclear targeting activity, and exchange between 24R and 24K had no impact on cellular localization of 3Dpol. Since the entry of 3Dpol/3CD into nucleus was essential for shutoff of host cell transcription and maintaining the viral propagation of picornavirus numbers, our study provided new insights into the mechanism of DHAV-1 propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shao-Li Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ji-Ming Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical College, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Fu-Chang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shi-Jin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, 271018, China.
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Wang M, Li Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang D. Effect of fetal calf serum on propagation of duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 in duck embryo fibroblast cells. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:153. [PMID: 31101110 PMCID: PMC6525396 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting ducks. It can be caused by five agents, including duck hepatitis A virus genotypes 1 (DHAV-1), 2 (DHAV-2), and 3 (DHAV-3), as well as duck hepatitis virus 2 and duck hepatitis virus 3. Since 2007, DHAV-3 has been known to be the most prevalent in East and South Asia. So far, the information regarding the propagation of DHAV-3 in cultured cells is limited. In this study, we describe the comparative studies on the growth properties of DHAV-3 in primary duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells using two different strains: a virulent strain C-GY and an attenuated strain YDF120. The effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) and chick serum (CS) on DHAV-3 replication and the mechanism of the inhibitory effect conferred by FCS were also investigated. Results Following serial passages, both C-GY and YDF120 failed to produce cytopathic effect and plaques. The combined quantitative real-time PCR and indirect immunofluorescence staining methods showed that the two viruses could be propagated productively in DEF cells. Investigation of the viral growth kinetics revealed that the two viruses replicated in DEF cells with similar efficiencies, while the viral load of the virulent C-GY strain peaked more rapidly when compared with the attenuated YDF120 strain. Neutralization assay and time-of-drug-addition study indicated that FCS displayed inhibitory effect on DHAV-3 replication. Analysis on the mechanism of action of FCS against DHAV-3 demonstrated that the inhibitory effect was reflected at three steps of the DHAV-3 life cycle including adsorption, replication, and release. Conclusions Both virulent and attenuated DAHV-3 strains can establish noncytocidal, productive infections in DEF cells. The virulent strain replicates more rapidly than the attenuated strain in early infection period. FCS has an inhibitory effect on DHAV-3 replication, which may be attributed to action of a non-specific inhibitory factor present in FCS directly on the virus. These findings may provide new insights into the development of potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Du H, Bai J, Wang J, He M, Xiong W, Yuan W, Qiao M, Ming K, Wu Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Liu J. Assessment of the hepatocyte protective effects of gypenoside and its phosphorylated derivative against DHAV-1 infection on duck embryonic hepatocytes. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:134. [PMID: 31064364 PMCID: PMC6505245 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is an acute disease of young ducklings with no effective veterinary drugs for treatment. Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. Gypenoside (GP), one of the main ingredients of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, was reported with good hepatoprotective effects. However, its low solubility limits its application in the clinics. To improve its solubility and bioactivity, a phosphorylated derivative of gypenoside (pGP) was prepared by the sodium trimetaphosphate-sodium tripolyphosphate (STMP-STPP) method. An infrared spectroscopy method was applied to analyse the structures of GP and pGP. Then, a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay was applied to study the hepatocyte protective efficacy of these two drugs against duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) infection, and qPCR, TUNEL labelling and flow cytometry methods were used to study the relevant hepatocyte protective in vitro. Results The infrared spectroscopy detection results showed that the phosphorylation modification of GP was successful. The MTT colorimetric assay results showed that both GP and pGP possessed good hepatocyte protective efficacy in vitro, and pGP performed better than GP when the drug was added before or after virus inoculation. Furthermore, the qPCR results revealed that both drugs could effectively inhibit the adsorption (when adding GP and pGP pre-virus inoculation), replication and release of DHAV-1, and the viral inhibition rate of pGP was greater than that of GP. The subsequent TUNEL labelling and flow cytometry assays showed that both GP and pGP could significantly inhibit duck embryo hepatocyte apoptosis induced by DHAV-1, and the inhibition effect of pGP was much stronger than that of GP. Conclusions GP exerts good hepatocyte protective efficacy not only by inhibiting the proliferation of DHAV-1 but also by inhibiting duck embryonic hepatocyte apoptosis induced by DHAV-1, and phosphorylation modification significantly improves the antiviral and the anti-apoptotic effects of GP. Therefore, pGP has the potential to be developed into a novel drug against DHAV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Du
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Bai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Qiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ming
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu T, Qi B, Liu R, Jiang X, Lu R, Xiao L, Fu G, Fu Q, Shi S, Wan C, Huang Y. Comparative pathogenicity of two subtypes (hepatitis-type and pancreatitis-type) of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 in experimentally infected Muscovy ducklings. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:352-361. [PMID: 30982334 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1605146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) causes acute hepatitis with high morbidity and mortality in ducklings of the genera Cairina and Anas and is characterized by ecchymotic haemorrhage and necrosis of the liver surface. Since September 2011, a new subtype of DHAV-1 (named pancreatitis-type DHAV-1) has been isolated. This new subtype is characterized by yellowish or haemorrhagic pancreatitis, but with no significant pathological changes in the liver. To further investigate the difference in pathogenicity between hepatitis-type DHAV-1 and pancreatitis-type DHAV-1, we infected Muscovy ducklings with a hepatitis-type DHAV-1 strain, FZ86, or a pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 strain, MPZJ1206, and then compared the resulting gross lesions, histopathological changes, viral distribution and cellular apoptosis in the liver and pancreas of Muscovy ducklings. The results suggested that FZ86 induced a more efficient viral propagation in the liver than MPZJ1206, and the gross and histopathological lesions were also limited to the liver. However, MPZJ1206 induced more effective viral replication in the pancreas than FZ86. The MPZJ1206-infected Muscovy ducklings showed an obviously yellowed and haemorrhagic pancreas, but with no significant pathological changes in the liver. Furthermore, FZ86 induced notable hepatocyte apoptosis and increased the expression of caspase-3 in the liver, whereas MPZJ1206 caused apoptosis in a large number of acinar epithelial cells and elevated the expression of caspase-3 in the pancreas. Taken together, these results demonstrated that pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 has many new pathogenic features which distinguish it from the hepatitis-type DHAV-1. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 (MPZJ1206) was characterized by pancreatic haemorrhage and yellow discolouration, but with no obvious haemorrhage and necrosis in the liver. Pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 (MPZJ1206) exhibits many new pathogenic features which distinguish it from the hepatitis-type DHAV-1 (FZ86).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology , College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Qi
- a Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology , College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Jiang
- a Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology , College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology , College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Longhua Xiao
- a Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology , College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- b Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China.,c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
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A novel picornavirus in feces of a rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) shows a close relationship to members of the genus Avihepatovirus. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1911-1914. [PMID: 30982088 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel picornavirus, named "lorikeet picornavirus 1" (LoPV-1), was detected in a fecal sample from rainbow lorikeets using viral metagenomic analysis, and its complete genome sequence was determined and analyzed. The genome of LoPV-1 is 7862 nt long, including a 617-nt 5' UTR, a type IV IRES 5'UTR with an '8-like' motif, a 7032-nt polyprotein ORF, and a 213-nt 3' UTR. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise asequence comparisons based on the amino acid sequences of P1, P2, and P3 indicated that LoPV-1 showed the closest relationship to two picornaviruses that were isolated recently from red-crowned cranes and clustered together with members of the genus Avihepatovirus.
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Wang AP, Liu L, Gu LL, Guo CM, Wu S, Feng Q, Xia WL, Wu Z, Zhu SY. Protection against duck hepatitis a virus type 1 conferred by a recombinant avian adeno-associated virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:112-118. [PMID: 30053293 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian adeno-associated virus (AAAV) has been proved to be an efficient gene transfer vector for human gene therapy and vaccine research. In this experiment, an AAAV-based vaccine was evaluated for the development of a vaccine against duck hepatitis a virus type 1 (DHAV-1). The major capsid VP1 gene was amplified and subcloned into pFBGFP containing the inverted terminal repeats of AAAV, and then the recombinant baculovirus rBac-VP1 was generated. The recombinant AAAV expressing the VP1 protein (rAAAV-VP1) was produced by co-infecting Sf9 cells with rBac-VP1 and the other 2 baculoviruses containing AAAV functional genes and structural genes respectively, and confirmed by electron microscopy, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the titer of rAAAV-VP1 was about 9 × 1012 VG/mL. Immunogenicity was studied in ducklings. One day ducklings were injected intramuscularly once with rAAAV-VP1. Serum from rAAAV-VP1-vaccinated ducklings showed a systemic immune response evidenced by VP1-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization test. Furthermore, all ducklings inoculated with rAAAV-VP1 were protected against DHAV-1 challenge. The data of quantitative real-time RT-PCR from livers of challenged ducklings also showed that the level of virus copies in rAAAV-VP1 group was significantly lower than that of the PBS group. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the AAAV-based vaccine is a potential vaccine candidate for the control of duck viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - L Liu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - L L Gu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - C M Guo
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - S Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Q Feng
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - W L Xia
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Z Wu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - S Y Zhu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, 225300, China
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Xue W, Zhao Q, Li P, Zhang R, Lan J, Wang J, Yang X, Xie Z, Jiang S. Identification and characterization of a novel nanobody against duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Virology 2019; 528:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu R, Shi S, Huang Y, Chen Z, Chen C, Cheng L, Fu G, Chen H, Wan C, Fu Q. Comparative pathogenicity of different subtypes of duck hepatitis A virus in Pekin ducklings. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:181-187. [PMID: 30593365 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is a major pathogen of viral hepatitis in ducks, which is a fatal and contagious disease of young ducklings. Despite the identification of numerous DHAV strains (e.g. DHAV-3, DHAV-2, DHAV-1 and DHAV-1a), the pathogenic differences among the different subtypes have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the pathogenic properties of three epidemic strains DHAV-3, DHAV-1, and DHAV-1a in mainland China, in a Pekin duckling infection model. We evaluated the pathogenicity of these different subtypes by investigating clinical signs, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, immunohistochemical examination, and viral RNA detection after experimental inoculation of Pekin ducklings with the three different DHAV strains. There was no significant difference in pathogenicity between DHAV-3 and DHAV-1. Pathogenicity of DHAV-1a differed significantly from that of classical duck hepatitis A (DHAV-3 or DHAV-1), in that there were no clinical signs of opisthotonos. More importantly, pancreatic bleeding or yellowing, and spleen swelling and bleeding were the predominant lesions in the DHAV-1a group, while liver and spleen lesions were the main signs in classical hepatitis (DHAV-1/3). Our findings indicate that there are differences in the pathogenicity of different subtypes of DHAV in ducklings, which may be useful for understanding the biological characteristics of the different subtypes of DHAV in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350013, China
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Effects of Bush Sophora Root polysaccharide and its sulfate on DHAV-1 replication. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Zhang X, Cao C, Liu Y, Qi H, Zhang W, Hao C, Chen H, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Gao M, Wang J, Ma B. Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48 hours post-infection through RNA-seq. Vet Res 2018; 49:52. [PMID: 29925406 PMCID: PMC6011267 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), the only member of the novel genus Avihepatovirus, in the family Picornaviridae, can cause significant economic losses for duck farms in China. Reports on the pathogenicity and the antiviral molecular mechanisms of the lethal DHAV-3 strain in ducklings are inadequate and remain poorly understood. We conducted global gene expression profiling and screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) of duckling liver tissues infected with lethal DHAV-3. There were 1643 DEG and 8979 DEG when compared with mock ducklings at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and at 48 hpi, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEG highlighted mainly biological processes involved in metabolic pathways, host immune responses, and viral invasion. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the pathogenicity of the virulent DHAV-3 strain and to improve our understanding of host–virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chong Cao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haihui Qi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunxue Hao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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46
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Novel duck hepatitis A virus type 1 isolates from adult ducks showing egg drop syndrome. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:33-37. [PMID: 29981705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Generally, duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) only infects young ducklings. Since December 2016, severe outbreaks of duck viral infection with egg drop, feed consumption decline, and ovary-oviduct disease have occurred in some laying duck flocks in Shandong Province of China. DHAV-1 isolated from the affected ducks was confirmed as the causative pathogen of the egg drop. Compared with other DHAV-1 strains, the novel isolate has three special amino acid mutation points in the most variable regions at the C-terminus of VP1. The experimental infection in laying ducks indicated that successful immunization with DHAV-1 vaccine could protect laying duck from infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported incidence of a severe duck disease outbreak involving egg drop syndrome caused by DHAV-1.
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47
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Zhang X, Cao C, Qu Z, Zhang W, Liu Y, Qi H, Hao C, Zhang W, Gao M, Wang J, Ma B. Pathogenicity of duck hepatitis A virus type 3 and innate immune responses of the ducklings to virulent DHAV-3. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Duck hepatitis A virus structural proteins expressed in insect cells self-assemble into virus-like particles with strong immunogenicity in ducklings. Vet Microbiol 2018; 215:23-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Chen J, Zhang R, Lin S, Li P, Lan J, Xie Z, Wang Y, Jiang S. Construction and characterization of an improved DNA-launched infectious clone of duck hepatitis a virus type 1. Virol J 2017; 14:212. [PMID: 29100535 PMCID: PMC5670519 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA-launched infectious system is a useful tool with high rescue efficiency that allows the introduction of mutations in specific positions to investigate the function of an individual viral element. Rescued virus particles could be harvested by directly transfecting the DNA-launched recombinant plasmid to the host cells, which will reduce labor and experimental cost by skipping the in vitro transcription assay. Methods A total of four overlapping fragments covering the entire viral genome were amplified and then were assembled into a transformation vector based on pIRES2-EGFP to establish the DNA-launched infectious system of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), named pIR-DHAV-1. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting assay and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) were conducted for rescued virus identification. A total of 4.0 μg of recombinant plasmid of pIR-DHAV-1 and in vitro transcribed product of 4.0 μg of RNA-launched infectious clone named pR-DHAV-1 were transfected into BHK-21 cells to analyze the rescue efficiency. Following that, tissue tropism of rescued virus (rDHAV-1) and parental virus (pDHAV-1) were assayed for virulence testing in 1-day-old ducklings. Results Rescued virus particles carry the designed genetic marker which could be harvested by directly transfecting pIR-DHAV-1 to BHK-21 cells. The qRT-PCR and western blotting results indicated that rDHAV-1 shared similar growth characteristics with pDHAV-1. Furthermore, DNA-launched infectious system possessed much higher rescue efficiency assay compared to RNA-launched infectious system. The mutation at position 3042 from T to C has no impact on viral replication and tissue tropism. From 1 h post infection (hpi) to 48 hpi, the viral RNA copies of rDHAV-1 in liver were the highest among the six tested tissues (with an exception of thymus at 6 hpi), while the viral RNA copy numbers in heart and kidney were alternately the lowest. Conclusion We have constructed a genetically stable and highly pathogenic DNA-launched infectious clone, from which the rescued virus could be harvested by direct transfection with recombinant plasmids. rDHAV-1 shared similar growth characteristics and tissue tropism with pDHAV-1. The DNA-launched infectious system of DHAV-1 possessed higher rescue efficiency compared to the traditional RNA-launched infectious system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shaoli Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical College, Shandong, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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50
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Wen X, Zhu D, Cheng A, Wang M, Chen S, Jia R, Liu M, Sun K, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Chen X. Molecular epidemiology of duck hepatitis a virus types 1 and 3 in China, 2010-2015. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:10-15. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Wen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - D. Zhu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - A. Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - M. Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - S. Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - R. Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - M. Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - K. Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - X. Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - Q. Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - Y. Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
| | - X. Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an Sichuan China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu city Sichuan China
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