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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yang M, Osman AI, Farghali M, Liu E, Hassan D, Ihara I, Lu K, Rooney DW, Yap PS. Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing regions: A comprehensive review and future perspectives for Asia and Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172794. [PMID: 38677421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid urbanization witnessed in developing countries in Asia and Africa has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. However, the corresponding disposal strategies, along with constraints in land resources and finances, compounded by unorganized public behaviour, have resulted in ineffective policy implementation and monitoring. This lack of systematic and targeted orientation, combined with blind mapping, has led to inefficient development in many areas. This review examines the key challenges of MSW management in developing countries in Asia and Africa from 2013 to 2023, drawing insights from 170 academic papers. Rather than solely focusing on recycling, the study proposes waste sorting at the source, optimization of landfill practices, thermal treatment measures, and strategies to capitalize on the value of waste as more pertinent solutions aligned with local realities. Barriers to optimizing management systems arise from socio-economic factors, infrastructural limitations, and cultural considerations. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating the study area into the circular economy framework, with a focus on enhancing citizen participation in solid waste reduction and promoting recycling initiatives, along with seeking economic assistance from international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- School of Materials Science Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Engui Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dalia Hassan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene & Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ikko Ihara
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Socio-Economics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kun Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xuezheng Road #18, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - David W Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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2
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D'Adamo I, Favari D, Gastaldi M, Kirchherr J. Towards circular economy indicators: Evidence from the European Union. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024:734242X241237171. [PMID: 38501268 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241237171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) is moving towards sustainable development, and a key role is played by circular economy (CE) models geared towards reducing pressure on natural resources, generating jobs and fostering economic opportunities. Indicators are able to aggregate a variety of information and their use, through the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), allows the performance of alternatives to be monitored. This work aims to calculate the performance of the EU27 in the years 2019 and 2020 according to 15 CE indicators available on Eurostat. The results of the Analytic Hierarchy process show that the greatest impact on circularity is determined by the category 'competitiveness and innovation', which together with the category 'global sustainability and resilience' accounts for two thirds of the overall weight. The MCDA results show that Belgium prevails in both the baseline and alternative scenarios, ahead of Italy and the Netherlands respectively. In general, circular policies see western European countries excel, while the performance of eastern European countries is weaker. The implications of this work highlight the three main barriers to the development of CE models: (i) illegal waste management; (ii) lack of knowledge and low level of investment in circular technologies and (iii) low distribution of value among stakeholders. In this way, resource management based on circularity will enable Europe to meet the challenges of sustainability with less dependence on imported raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiano D'Adamo
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gastaldi
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Julian Kirchherr
- Department of Social Sciences and Business, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Innovation Studies Group, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Gerasopoulos SI, Manousakis NM, Psomopoulos CS. A novel methodology for the estimation of failure behavior of "fair" smart meters and analysis of their circular economy chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17533-17545. [PMID: 36534261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electric power utilities are striving to address critical challenges such as energy consumption, material recovery, e-waste, procurement, and supplier working conditions. Currently, they are converting their old infrastructure into smart grids. The installation of smart meters is a key step in this process. Since a smart meter is an intelligent and modern measuring device that includes computer-aided measurements while also allowing intelligent management and determination of residential and industrial users' energy consumption and supply, their deployment in smart grids is of major importance. In this study, considering that the estimated number of smart meter units will be 188.12 million units by 2025, five different types of smart meters are used to estimate their failure behavior. We adopted the probability of smart meters' survival, considering the number of the components included in their PCBs, while the influence of their components follows an exponential distribution for a given lifetime. The meaning of the "fair" smart meter is introduced to solve critical concerns such as energy use, material consumption, e-waste, supplier sourcing, and labor conditions. To achieve the above targets, a circular economy chain analysis is implemented by dismantling the existing smart meters, classifying their materials into five primary groups and weighing them to obtain average values. Moreover, we calculate the average cost of the components using their equivalent market value as provided by stock markets to get the average weight of each component in terms of material cost. Finally, we introduce the "remanufacturing index" and the "reusing index" indices as procedure metrics to further quantify the circular economy chain results. The results show that the percentage of the reusing procedure in the "fair" smart meter circular economy chain is greater than the corresponding percentage of the remanufacturing procedure, while the percentage of the recycling procedure is increased as the recycling cost per unit, is also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios I Gerasopoulos
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., 12244, Egaleo, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos M Manousakis
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., 12244, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos S Psomopoulos
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250, Thivon & P. Ralli Str., 12244, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
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4
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Voukkali I, Papamichael I, Loizia P, Zorpas AA. Urbanization and solid waste production: prospects and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17678-17689. [PMID: 37270759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing urban population and the restructuring of urban economies are the main aspects that determine urban development in the twenty-first century. Rapid urbanization is among the most significant anthropogenic factors that impact ecosystems and sustainability. Urbanization is a "double-edged sword." Even though it contributes to economic prosperity and social development, at the same time, it poses severe challenges to the natural environment and social system. The scientific community emphasizes the need to investigate the relationship between cities and the environment to comprehend their dynamic interactions related with problems such as climate change, consumption of natural resources, and life quality degradation. Population growth and urbanization are central considerations of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11, dealing with making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Moreover, the new circular economy model is receiving increasing attention globally as a solution to the current production and consumption model, which is based on constant growth and increasing resource input. The objective of this paper was to identify the major challenges occurred due to the rapid urbanization in a coastal city though a qualitative and quantitative waste compositional analysis. The ultimate goal is to propose the waste compositional analysis as a new indicator in the literature for determination of the degree of metabolism in an island region. According to the compositional analysis, the higher the population density in a region, the greater the volume of garbage produced and, consequently, the infrastructure necessary for waste management. Also, the increased seasonal tourist activity leads to an increase in the number of tourist accommodations and services. The results provided may also be applicable in other cities with similar characteristics related with tourism habits and the challenges they may face as a result of the waste production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Voukkali
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pantelitsa Loizia
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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5
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Albizzati PF, Foster G, Gaudillat P, Manfredi S, Tonini D. A model to assess the environmental and economic impacts of municipal waste management in Europe. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:605-617. [PMID: 38147702 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The Monitoring Framework proposed in the EU27 New Circular Economy Action Plan comprises two mass-based indicators, namely overall recycling rate and recycling rate for specific waste streams. Yet, to monitor and assess the impacts of circular economy, indicators cannot be limited to mass-based indicators; we argue assessments should also include environmental and economic effects. Towards this end, these impacts can be quantified by an advanced model based on life cycle thinking, entailing the use of life cycle assessment and costing (LCA/LCC). Calculating these effects for municipal waste management is challenging due to gaps in available data for estimating generated waste. We propose a methodology to estimate more finely the amounts of waste generated in the Member States, complemented with LCA/LCC. The results highlight that important inconsistencies in municipal waste data reporting exist and that recycling rates calculated from these are lower than hitherto estimated. The impacts quantification shows great performance variation across EU27, with C-footprint ranging from -490 to 539 kg CO2-eq. t-1. Potentials for improvement are substantial and can bring up to 103 Mt CO2-eq. additional annual saving, reducing costs (calculated as Full Environmental LCC) of waste management by 8.4 billion EUR and bringing 206,100 new jobs in the sector. The approach presented highlights the rationale for improved data management on waste statistics and the potential for harmonised models. It also paves the way for more sophisticated impact analyses relevant for policymaking, by bringing a richer perspective to the environmental and economic impacts of waste management on top of tracking generated, collected and recycled waste flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Albizzati
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate S: Scientific Development Programmes Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - G Foster
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - P Gaudillat
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - S Manfredi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Land Resources and Supply Chain Assessments Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - D Tonini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate B: Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry Unit, Edificio Expo, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092 Seville, Spain
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6
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Jiang Y. A game-theoretic approach to promoting waste management within the framework of a circular economy: implications for environmental protection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6977-6991. [PMID: 38157173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Currently, waste management classification is a critical topic that concerns not only environmental protection, but also the advancement of a circular economy. To address this issue within the context of a circular economy, this study develops an uncooperative triumvirate paradigm consisting of "central regulation, local promotion, and universal participation." The model analyzes the strategy choices of both the central and local governments while using an evolutionary game method to encourage residents to promote waste separation. Using numerical simulations, this study examines the variables that impact the strategy choices of the three parties over time. The results show that (1) the desire of the central government, local governments, and citizens to engage has varying effects on each of these entities; the conduct of local government is significantly influenced by the preparedness of the central government, but residents' behavior is comparatively less influenced by the central government's intention; in comparison, it is mainly affected by psychological expectations of income and expenditure; (2) the impact of the local government and residents on each other is characterized by an unbalanced relationship, with the local government being more sensitive to residents' willingness to participate and changes in policy support being more sensitive; and (3) residents show more sensitivity to incentive funds, compensation, penalties, and benefit distribution coefficients. To promote waste separation in China, it is crucial to establish a reasonable expectation of ecological civilization, establish an efficient mechanism for environmental protection supervision, refine local waste separation programs, increase local governments' responsibility for promoting them, ensure legal methods for universal participation, and improve the regulatory mechanism for universal participation to protect the environment. In addition, it is essential to improve the education system for waste separation and continue research related to waste separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
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7
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Rim GN, An CJ, Hwang SH. Recycling law for promotion of circular economy and its characteristics in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1654-1663. [PMID: 38051482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The circular economy is emerging as an economic form to solve economic, environmental, and social problems around the world. In this regard, various countries and regions of the world are making every effort to establish and implement circular economy strategies and action plans. This paper discusses the Recycling Law adopted in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and its characteristics. To this end, this paper examines the cases of legalization in various countries and regions around the world related to the circular economy and recycling and explains the contents and characteristics of the Recycling Law in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea concerning it. The findings are that (a) the more science and technology develop and the more complete the economic structure becomes, the more complete the legal environment related to the circular economy should become and (b) if the transition to the circular economy is to be implemented with strong obligations, the planning lever must be regulated as a legal obligation, and the state needs to use the planning lever to thoroughly implement circular economy-related goals and strategies. These findings can be used as a reference to prepare a legal environment for promoting the circular economy in countries pursuing the realization of a circular economy in a top-down way, and it will also help fill the gap in research on the legal environment for promoting the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Nam Rim
- Economic Management Research Center, Faculty of Economics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
| | - Chol-Ju An
- Foreign Trade Department, Faculty of Economics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hui Hwang
- Economic Management Research Center, Faculty of Economics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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Voukkali I, Papamichael I, Loizia P, Lekkas DF, Rodríguez-Espinosa T, Navarro-Pedreño J, Zorpas AA. Waste metrics in the framework of circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1741-1753. [PMID: 37602734 PMCID: PMC10693739 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231190794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
There are several sustainability issues that the linear economy of today's society cannot adequately tackle (i.e. resource depletion, waste treatment, etc.). As a result, the scientific community and policymakers give high priority to the implementation of the circular economy concept. The sustainable development goals of the United Nations are in line with the European Union's (EU) commitment to a smooth transition to a circular economy. Circular business models require a shift in technical elements involving R strategies to replace traditional business models (i.e. reuse, reduce, recycle, etc.). Monitoring circular economy to provide quantifiable, measurable data is necessary for a successful transition. Monitoring tools (i.e. Key Performance Indicators, quality protocols) enable decision-makers to measure circular economy performance and identify circularity's advantages and disadvantages. To stimulate the adoption of a circularity model addressing critical issues of excessive waste production and resource use, this mini review aims to address the literature gap of waste metrics in the framework of circular economy and offer insights on circular economy indicators to aid for a seamless transition to a more sustainable society. For this purpose, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis method was chosen to assess literature. The authors collected and analysed data from 101 records, 70 articles and 31 reports related to the topic under consideration. Through the literature review, it is obvious that moving away from linear production model frequently leads to the development of new internal capabilities along the value chain and, eventually, high efficiency that reduces costs, increasing productivity, encourages brand names, minimizes threats, creates new products and fulfils regulations and green consumer expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Voukkali
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pantelitsa Loizia
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetris F Lekkas
- Waste Management Laboratory, Department of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Teresa Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Jose Navarro-Pedreño
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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9
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Ma W, de Jong M, Zisopoulos F, Hoppe T. Introducing a classification framework to urban waste policy: Analysis of sixteen zero-waste cities in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 165:94-107. [PMID: 37119686 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cities are experiencing rapid urban development while facing severe challenges of environmental pollution. China's central government has proposed several policies to reduce urban waste. However, little is known about the adoption of these policies. Here, we raise the question how can circular policies be classified, and how can this classification be applied to cities in China that wish become zero-waste cities? We develop a framework to classify urban waste policies according to: (a) the "5R" principles ("Rethink", "Reduce", "Reuse", "Recycle", and "Recover"), (b) four types of waste (industrial, agricultural, municipal, and hazardous) and (c) six types of policy instruments (legal, economic, network, communication, innovation and projects). We use this framework to analyze urban waste policies implemented by sixteen zero-waste demonstration projects in China. The present study emphasizes combinations of policy instruments, "R" strategy and waste type in the implementation of zero-waste policies. We find that the "Rethink", "Reduce", and "Recycle" principles have been widely implemented by local authorities in contrast to the principles "Reuse" and "Recover". Local governments address waste management by embracing regulations, innovation instruments, and project arrangements, while network-based, economic, or communicative policy instruments are used less often. Based on the results we suggest that local governments embrace a comprehensive approach to the use of the "5R" principles and deploy a diverse portfolio of policy instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ma
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin de Jong
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Filippos Zisopoulos
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Materials, Mechanics, Management & Design (3Md), Section of Infrastructure Design and Management, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Hoppe
- Department of Multi-Actor Systems, Faculty of Technology, Policy & Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands.
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Stylianou M, Laifi T, Bennici S, Dutournie P, Limousy L, Agapiou A, Papamichael I, Khiari B, Jeguirim M, Zorpas AA. Tomato waste biochar in the framework of circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161959. [PMID: 36739037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pomace was slowly pyrolyzed at 350 and 550 °C (under an N2 flow of 50 L/h) at a rate of 6 °C/min and a residence time of 1:30 h to produce two biochars named B350 and B550, respectively. In addition, the two biochars were chemically activated with ΚΟΗ (at a ratio of 1:10 w/v) at 800 °C to produce two new materials named BA350 and BA550. The four biochars produced were characterized physically and chemically (pH, yield, calorific value). They were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (B.E.T), elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that as the pyrolysis temperature increased (350 to 550 °C), the specific surface area (SSA) increased. The latter was also significantly increased by the activation process. EA showed a variation in the mineral content of the produced biochars, resulting in a different content of the biochars after activation. The parameters studied showed that biochars from tomato waste could be used as an organic amendment to improve soil fertility in agricultural. In addition, because of their ability to absorb water, they could be used as a water reservoir in soils in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Stylianou
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Terpsithea Laifi
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Simona Bennici
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Dutournie
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Iliana Papamichael
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Besma Khiari
- Wastewaters and Environment Laboratory, Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia.
| | - Mejdi Jeguirim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Antonis A Zorpas
- Open University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Giannou Kranidioti, 89, 2231, Latsia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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11
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Srivastav AL, Markandeya, Patel N, Pandey M, Pandey AK, Dubey AK, Kumar A, Bhardwaj AK, Chaudhary VK. Concepts of circular economy for sustainable management of electronic wastes: challenges and management options. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48654-48675. [PMID: 36849690 PMCID: PMC9970861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and electrical industrial sector is exponentially growing throughout the globe, and sometimes, these wastes are being disposed of and discarded with a faster rate in comparison to the past era due to technology advancements. As the application of electronic devices is increasing due to the digitalization of the world (IT sector, medical, domestic, etc.), a heap of discarded e-waste is also being generated. Per-capita e-waste generation is very high in developed countries as compared to developing countries. Expansion of the global population and advancement of technologies are mainly responsible to increase the e-waste volume in our surroundings. E-waste is responsible for environmental threats as it may contain dangerous and toxic substances like metals which may have harmful effects on the biodiversity and environment. Furthermore, the life span and types of e-waste determine their harmful effects on nature, and unscientific practices of their disposal may elevate the level of threats as observed in most developing countries like India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and China. In the present review paper, many possible approaches have been discussed for effective e-waste management, such as recycling, recovery of precious metals, adopting the concepts of circular economy, formulating relevant policies, and use of advance computational techniques. On the other hand, it may also provide potential secondary resources valuable/critical materials whose primary sources are at significant supply risk. Furthermore, the use of machine learning approaches can also be useful in the monitoring and treatment/processing of e-wastes. HIGHLIGHTS: In 2019, ~ 53.6 million tons of e-wastes generated worldwide. Discarded e-wastes may be hazardous in nature due to presence of heavy metal compositions. Precious metals like gold, silver, and copper can also be procured from e-wastes. Advance tools like artificial intelligence/machine learning can be useful in the management of e-wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Markandeya
- Ex-Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Patel
- Department of Civil Engineerin, IET, Dr. RammanoharLohia Avadh University, Uttar Pradesh, Ayodhya, India
| | - Mayank Pandey
- Department of Environmental Studies, P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110065, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Earth Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Radha Kishnpura, P. O. Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Dubey
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Bhardwaj
- Amity School of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Amity University, Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, 474001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Syms R, Taylor-Robinson SD, Trovato G. Circular Medicine - Being Mindful of Resources and Waste Recycling in Healthcare Systems. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:267-270. [PMID: 36852329 PMCID: PMC9961144 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s396667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of the COP27 Climate Change Conference, the concept of the circular economy has come to the fore with promotion of reuse and recycling of appliances and materials from electronics to clothes. This concept has not been widely taken up by healthcare systems. In this perspective article, we discuss the idea of the circular economy and how, by extension, the concept of "circular medicine" with optimised hospital and medical clinic waste recycling might be promoted in the context of better stewardship of resources in healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Syms
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Department of Surgery and Cancer at St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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