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Li Z, Wu Z, Bo S, Chi J, Cui X, He W, Cui X, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Tong Y. Role of low-proportion, hydrophobic dissolved organic matter components in inhibiting methylmercury uptake by phytoplankton. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142104. [PMID: 38653399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Uptake of methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxin, by phytoplankton is a major concern due to its role as the primary pathway for MeHg entry into aquatic food webs, thereby posing a significant risk to human health. While it is widely believed that the MeHg uptake by plankton is negatively correlated with the concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water, ongoing debates continue regarding the specific components of DOM that exerts the dominant influence on this process. In this study, we employed a widely-used resin fractionation approach to separate and classify DOM derived from algae (AOM) and natural rivers (NOM) into distinct components: strongly hydrophobic, weakly hydrophobic, and hydrophilic fractions. We conduct a comparative analysis of different DOM components using a combination of spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques, aiming to identify their impact on MeHg uptake by Microcystis elabens, a prevalent alga in freshwater environments. We found that the hydrophobic components had exhibited more pronounced spectral characteristics associated with the protein structures while protein-like compounds between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components displayed significant variations in both distributions and the values of m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) of the molecules. Regardless of DOM sources, the low-proportion hydrophobic components usually dominated inhibition of MeHg uptake by Microcystis elabens. Results inferred from the correlation analysis suggest that the uptake of MeHg by the phytoplankton was most strongly and negatively correlated with the presence of protein-like components. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the diverse impacts of different DOM fractions on inhibition of phytoplankton MeHg uptake. This information should be considered in future assessments and modeling endeavors aimed at understanding and predicting risks associated with aquatic Hg contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; School of Resources and Environment, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Zhengyu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shao Bo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jie Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Eco-Environmental Protection of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Ministry of Education), School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Eco-Environmental Protection of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Ministry of Education), School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.
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Xu H, Xiao Q, Dai Y, Chen D, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Xie J. Selected Bacteria Are Critical for Karst River Carbon Sequestration via Integrating Multi-omics and Hydrochemistry Data. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:3043-3056. [PMID: 37831075 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) produced by microbial carbon pumps (MCPs) in the ocean is crucial for carbon sequestration and regulating climate change in the history of Earth. However, the importance of microbes on RDOC formation in terrestrial aquatic systems, such as rivers and lakes, remains to be determined. By integrating metagenomic (MG) and metatranscriptomic (MT) sequencing, we defined the microbial communities and their transcriptional activities in both water and silt of a typical karst river, the Lijiang River, in Southwest China. Betaproteobacteria predominated in water, serving as the most prevalent population remodeling components of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Binning method recovered 45 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from water and silt. Functional annotation of MAGs showed Proteobacteria was less versatile in degrading complex carbon, though cellulose and chitin utilization genes were widespread in this phylum, whereas Bacteroidetes had high potential for the utilization of macro-molecular organic carbon. Metabolic remodeling revealed that increased shared metabolites within the bacterial community are associated with increased concentration of DOC, highlighting the significance of microbial cooperation during producing and remodeling of carbon components. Beta-oxidation, leucine degradation, and mevalonate (MVA) modules were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of RDOC. Blockage of the leucine degradation pathway in Limnohabitans and UBA4660-related MAGs were associated with decreased RDOC in the karst river, while the Fluviicola-related MAG containing a complete leucine degradation pathway was positively correlated with RDOC concentration. Collectively, our study revealed the linkage between bacteria metabolic processes and carbon sequestration. This provided novel insights into the microbial roles in karst-rivers carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Key Laboratory on Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dexin Chen
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Key Laboratory on Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environment of Three Gorges Reservoir, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment & School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Fan X, Cheng A, Chen D, Cao T, Ji W, Song J, Peng P. Investigating the molecular weight distribution of atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon using high-performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with diode array and fluorescence detectors. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139517. [PMID: 37454992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) contain amounts of organic species, but their molecular weight (MW) distributions is still poorly understood. This study applied high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) and fluorescence detector (FLD) to characterize the MW distributions of typical chromophores and fluorophores within water-soluble BrC. The investigation focused on the spring season, encompassing both typical urban and rural aerosols. Our results showed that chromophores (at 254 and 365 nm), and humic-like and protein-like fluorophores identified by excitation-emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) within BrC were broadly distributed along the MW continuum (∼50-20,000 Da). This suggests that BrC mainly comprises complex chromophores and fluorophores with heterogeneous molecular sizes. High-MW (HMW, >1 kDa) species (66%-74%) dominated the chromophores at 254 and 365 nm. However, the latter chromophores were enriched with more HMW species. This result suggested that the HMW chromophores might contribute more to BrC absorption at longer wavelengths. The PARAFAC-derived fluorescent components also exhibited different MW distributions. Three humic-like substances (HULIS) were all dominated by HMW fractions (51%-74%), but protein-like fluorescent component (PLOM) enriched low-MW (LMW, <1 kDa) species (60%-66%). Furthermore, the molecular size (i.e., weight-averaged and number-averaged MW) and the ratios between HMW and LMW species decreased in the order highly-oxygenated HULIS > less-oxygenated HULIS > PLOM, indicating that the fluorophores with longer Em were generally related to larger MW. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular size of individual fluorescent components within aerosol BrC. The results obtained here enhanced our knowledge of heterogeneous composition, complex physicochemical properties, and potential atmospheric fates of aerosol BrC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, PR China.
| | - Ao Cheng
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, PR China
| | - Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenchao Ji
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Bengbu, 233400, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Pingan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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Valenti-Quiroga M, Daunis-I-Estadella P, Emiliano P, Valero F, Martin MJ. NOM fractionation by HPSEC-DAD-OCD for predicting trihalomethane disinfection by-product formation potential in full-scale drinking water treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 227:119314. [PMID: 36351350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination is a common method for water disinfection; however, it leads to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are undesirable toxic pollutants. To prevent their formation, it is crucial to understand the reactivity of natural organic matter (NOM), which is considered a dominant precursor of DBPs. We propose a novel size exclusion chromatography (SEC) approach to evaluate NOM reactivity and the formation potential of total trihalomethanes-formation potentials (tTHMs-FP) and four regulated species (i.e. CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3). This method combines enhanced SEC separation with two analytical columns working in tandem and quantification of apparent molecular weight (AMW) NOM fractions using C content (organic carbon detector, OCD), 254-nm spectroscopic (diode-array detector, DAD) measurements, and spectral slopes at low (S206-240) and high (S350-380) wavelengths. Links between THMs-FP and NOM fractions from high performance size exclusion chromatography HPSEC-DAD-OCD were investigated using statistical modelling with multiple linear regressions for samples taken alongside conventional full-scale as well as full- and pilot-scale electrodialysis reversal and bench-scale ion exchange resins. The proposed models revealed promising correlations between the AMW NOM fractions and the THMs-FP. Methodological changes increased fractionated signal correlations relative to bulk regressions, especially in the proposed HPSEC-DAD-OCD method. Furthermore, spectroscopic models based on fractionated signals are presented, providing a promising approach to predict THMs-FP simultaneously considering the effect of the dominant THMs precursors, NOM and Br-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Valenti-Quiroga
- LEQUIA. Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain
| | - Pepus Daunis-I-Estadella
- Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Universitat de Girona, 6, Girona E-17003, Spain
| | - Pere Emiliano
- Ens d'Abastament d'Aigua Ter-Llobregat (ATL), Sant Martí de l'Erm 2, E-08970 Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Valero
- Ens d'Abastament d'Aigua Ter-Llobregat (ATL), Sant Martí de l'Erm 2, E-08970 Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Martin
- LEQUIA. Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona E-17003, Spain.
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Varner TS, Kulkarni HV, Nguyen W, Kwak K, Cardenas MB, Knappett PSK, Ojeda AS, Malina N, Bhuiyan MU, Ahmed KM, Datta S. Contribution of sedimentary organic matter to arsenic mobilization along a potential natural reactive barrier (NRB) near a river: The Meghna river, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136289. [PMID: 36058378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations in the shallow aquifers of Bangladesh are primarily caused by microbially-mediated reduction of As-bearing iron (Fe) (oxy)hydroxides in organic matter (OM) rich, reducing environments. Along the Meghna River in Bangladesh, interactions between the river and groundwater within the hyporheic zone cause fluctuating redox conditions responsible for the formation of a Fe-rich natural reactive barrier (NRB) capable of sequestering As. To understand the NRB's impact on As mobility, the geochemistry of riverbank sediment (<3 m depth) and the underlying aquifer sediment (up to 37 m depth) was analyzed. A 24-hr sediment-water extraction experiment was performed to simulate interactions of these sediments with oxic river water. The sediment and the sediment-water extracts were analyzed for inorganic and organic chemical parameters. Results revealed no differences between the elemental composition of riverbank and aquifer sediments, which contained 40 ± 12 g/kg of Fe and 7 ± 2 mg/kg of As, respectively. Yet the amounts of inorganic and organic constituents extracted were substantially different between riverbank and aquifer sediments. The water extracted 6.4 ± 16.1 mg/kg of Fe and 0.03 ± 0.02 mg/kg of As from riverbank sediments, compared to 154.0 ± 98.1 mg/kg of Fe and 0.55 ± 0.40 mg/kg of As from aquifer sediments. The riverbank and aquifer sands contained similar amounts of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) (17,705.2 ± 5157.6 mg/kg). However, the water-extractable fraction of SOM varied substantially, i.e., 67.4 ± 72.3 mg/kg in riverbank sands, and 1330.3 ± 226.6 mg/kg in aquifer sands. Detailed characterization showed that the riverbank SOM was protein-like, fresh, low molecular weight, and labile, whereas SOM in aquifer sands was humic-like, older, high molecular weight, and recalcitrant. During the dry season, oxic conditions in the riverbank may promote aerobic metabolisms, limiting As mobility within the NRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Varner
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - Harshad V Kulkarni
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - William Nguyen
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kyungwon Kwak
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M Bayani Cardenas
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Peter S K Knappett
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ann S Ojeda
- Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Natalia Malina
- Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Kazi M Ahmed
- Department Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saugata Datta
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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Zhang W, Li L, Wang D, Wang R, Yu S, Gao N. Characterizing dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments by size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiple detectors. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339358. [PMID: 35033260 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is one of the most commonly used techniques to detect the molecular weight (MW) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments. The significant improvement and focus of this method have been the application of multiple detectors, which contribute to providing fundamental physicochemical properties of various MW fractions. This study has coupled SEC with multiple detectors to simultaneously detect ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic nitrogen of different MW fractions. The detection limits for the organic carbon and nitrogen detectors were 0.20 μg C L-1 and 0.14 μg N L-1, respectively. Furthermore, we gave an interpretation of the nature and evolution of DOM in surface water based on the comparison and analyses of the combined chromatogram obtained from multiple detectors. Fractions assigned as hydrophobic humic-like substances, hydrophilic humic-like substances, low-MW microbial extracellular metabolites and low-MW hydrophobic protein-like substances were first established in this study and attributed to the presence of a fluorescence detector. We believe that the developed method provides in-depth knowledge of the structure and composition of DOM and could be used as a potential analytical tool in environmental organic chemistry, humus chemistry and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Denghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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7
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Liao Z, Chu J, Luo C, Chen H. Revealing the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in urban runoff at three typical regions via optical indices and molecular composition. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:8-21. [PMID: 34465439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a major role in ecological systems and influences the fate and transportation of many pollutants. Despite the significance of DOM, understanding of how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence its composition and characteristics is limited, especially in urban stormwater runoff. In this article, the chemical properties (pollutant loads, molecular weight, aromaticity, sources, and molecular composition) of DOM in stormwater extracted from three typical end-members (traffic, residential, and campus regions) were characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). There are three findings: (1) The basic properties of DOM in stormwater runoff varied obviously from three urban fields, and the effect of initial flush was also apparent. (2) The DOM in residential areas mainly came from autochthonous sources, while allochthonous sources primarily contributed to the DOM in traffic and campus areas. However, it was mainly composed of terrestrial humic-like components with CHO and CHON element composition and HULO and aliphatic formulas. (3) The parameters characterizing DOM were primarily related to terrestrial source and aromaticity, but their correlations varied. Through the combination of optical methods and UPLC-Q-TOF spectrometry, the optical and molecular characteristics of rainwater are effectively revealed, which may provide a solid foundation for the classification management of stormwater runoff in different urban regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenliang Liao
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jiangyong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Chongjia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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8
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Qian J, Shimotori K, Liu X, Ban S, Akizuki SI, Fujiwara M, Kodera T, Toda T, Imai A. Enhancement of algal growth by Mg2+ released from anaerobic digestion effluent of aquatic macrophytes through photolysis. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Aukes PJK, Schiff SL. Composition Wheels: Visualizing dissolved organic matter using common composition metrics across a variety of Canadian ecozones. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253972. [PMID: 34242259 PMCID: PMC8270205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a ubiquitous component of aquatic systems, impacting aquatic health and drinking water quality. These impacts depend on the mixture of organic molecules that comprise DOM. Changing climates are altering both the amount and character of DOM being transported from the terrestrial system into adjacent surface waters, yet DOM composition is not monitored as often as overall concentration. Many DOM characterization methods exist, confounding comparison of DOM composition across different studies. The objective of this research is to determine which parameters in a suite of relatively simple and common DOM characterization techniques explain the most variability in DOM composition from surface and groundwater sites. Further, we create a simple visualization tool to easily compare compositional differences in DOM. A large number of water samples (n = 250) was analyzed from six Canadian ecozones for DOM concentration, ultraviolet-visible light absorbance, molecular size, and elemental ratios. Principal component analyses was used to identify quasi-independent DOM compositional parameters that explained the highest variability in the dataset: spectral slope, specific-UV absorbance at 255nm, humic substances fraction, and dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen ratio. A ‘Composition Wheel’ was created by plotting these four parameters as a polygon. Our results find similarities in DOM composition irrespective of site differences in vegetation and climate. Further, two main end-member Composition Wheel shapes were revealed that correspond to DOM in organic-rich groundwaters and DOM influenced by photodegradation. The Composition Wheel approach uses easily visualized differences in polygon shape to quantify how DOM evolves by natural processes along the aquatic continuum and to track sources and degradation of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. K. Aukes
- Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Sherry L. Schiff
- Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Wang L, Li T, Chu H, Zhang W, Huang W, Dong B, Wu D, Chen F. Natural organic matter separation by forward osmosis: Performance and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 191:116829. [PMID: 33476800 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purification performance of a forward osmosis (FO) membrane on natural organic matter (NOM) contained in real surface water by was investigated systematically. FO could reject the natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) effectively with removal efficiencies of approximately 99.0%. When the natural water samples (e.g., raw surface water) had lower fouling tendencies, the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-facing-DS mode) provided a higher water flux than that in the alternative membrane orientation because the isoflux point occurred later in the process. It was found that the concentration of calcium ions had a more severe effect on decreasing the fouling flux of the FO membrane than that of the organic foulant. Furthermore, the concentrated feed solution had a more significant effect on the fouling flux decline of the natural DOM containing more small molecules than natural DOM containing more macromolecules. Additionally, the fouling that occurred in the AL-facing-DS orientation was compensated by the reduced internal concentration polarization (ICP) level based on the occurrence of the critical compensation point. It was also revealed that the permeation drag caused by the water flux and the chemical interactions induced by the feed solution pH and the calcium ion concentration played a significant role in the adsorption of small natural DOM molecules in the porous structure of the FO membrane. Based on the analysis of the interfacial free energies, the interactions between the natural DOM and the surface of the support layer dominated the initial fouling of the FO membrane, while subsequent fouling was controlled by the interaction between the approaching DOM molecules and the already adsorbed DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wanzhu Zhang
- Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co.,Ltb, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Bingzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daoji Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
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11
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Current trends and advances in analytical techniques for the characterization and quantification of biologically recalcitrant organic species in sludge and wastewater: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338284. [PMID: 33648641 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of organic matter in wastewater is a major regulatory and environmental issue and requires new developments to identify non-biodegradable refractory compounds, produced mainly by thermal treatments. Recent advances linking physicochemical properties to spectroscopic analyzes (UV, Fluorescence, IR) have shown that the refractory property is favored by several physicochemical parameters: weight, hydrophobicity, aromaticity and chemical functions. Currently, the most effective developments for the quantification of refractory compounds are obtained with hyphenated methods, based on steric separation of the macromolecular species by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC)/PDA/Fluorescence systems. Hyphenated techniques using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and NMR have been developed to analyze macromolecules in wastewater with minor sample preparation procedures. A particular class has been identified, the melanoidins, generated by Maillard reactions between sugars, amino acids, peptides and proteins present in wastewater and sludge, but low molecular weight compounds formed as intermediates, such as ketones, aldehydes, pyrazines, pyridines or furans, are also recalcitrant and are complex to identify in the complex matrices. The lack of available standards for the study of these compounds requires the use of specific techniques and data processing. Advances in chemometrics are obtained in the development of molecular or physicochemical indices resulting from the data generated by the analytical detectors, such as aromaticity calculated by SUVA254 and determined by UV, fluorescence, molar mass, H/C ratio or structural studies (measuring the amount of unsaturated carbon) given by hyphenated techniques with SEC. It is clear that nitrogen compounds are widely involved in refractoriness. New trends in nitrogen containing compounds characterization follow two axes: through SEC/PDA/Fluorescence and HRMS/NMR techniques with or without separation. Other techniques widely used in food or marine science are also being imported to this study, as it can be seen in the use of "omics" methods, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and chromatography at the critical condition, rounding out the important developments around SEC. While improving the performance of stationary phases is one of the challenges, it results in a fundamental understanding of the retention mechanisms that today provide us with more information on the structures identified. The main objective of this review is to present the spectroscopic and physicochemical techniques used to qualify and characterize refractoriness with a specific focus on chemometric approaches.
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12
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Hata A, Furumai H, Katayama H. Sequential treatment using a hydrophobic resin and gel filtration to improve viral gene quantification from highly complex environmental concentrates. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 174:115652. [PMID: 32135428 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are widely applied to quantify enteric viruses in aquatic environments to study their fates and potential infection risks. However, inhibitory substances enriched by virus concentration processes can result in inaccurate quantification. This study aimed to find a method for improving virus quantification by mitigating the effects of inhibitory environmental concentrates, using previous knowledge of the properties of the inhibitory substances. Performances of anion exchange resins, gel filtration, and a hydrophobic resin (DAX-8) were comparatively evaluated using poliovirus and its extracted RNA spiked into humic acid solutions. These solutions served as good representatives of the inhibitory environmental concentrates. A sequential treatment using DAX-8 resin and gel filtration produced the most favorable results, i.e., low virus losses that were stable and a reduced inhibitory effect. Furthermore, the sequential treatment was applied to another set of 15 environmental concentrates. Without the sequential treatment, serious underestimation (>4.0 log10 to 1.1 log10) of a molecular process control (murine norovirus) was measured for eight samples. With the treatment, the control was detected with <1.0 log10 underestimation for all samples. The treatment improved the quantification of seven types of indigenous viruses. In summary, the sequential treatment is effective in improving the viral quantification in various of environmental concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hata
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Furumai
- Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Komatsu K, Onodera T, Kohzu A, Syutsubo K, Imai A. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in wastewater during aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic treatment processes by molecular size and fluorescence analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115459. [PMID: 31935641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM: the dissolved fraction of natural organic matter) during a series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes were investigated by using a combination of molecular size analysis and excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. The characteristics of DOM were compared following aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic treatments. Three peaks at about 100,000 Da (high-molecular-size DOM, Peak 1) and about 900-1,100 Da (intermediate-molecular-size DOM, Peak 2; low-molecular-size DOM, Peak 3 as the shoulder of Peak 2) were observed in the distribution of total organic carbon molecular sizes in the influent of the WWTPs. In this study, five fluorescent components (C1 to C5) were identified in the EEM spectra. Molecular size analysis and molecular size fractionation revealed that the C3 (humic-like) and C5 (specific to sewage) fluorophores had intermediate or low molecular sizes. Comparison of the changes of the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in each reaction tank and investigation of the removal selectivity of each treatment (aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic) suggested that the heterogenous compounds present in DOM of the influent were homogenized into intermediate-molecular-size DOM with high hydrophobicity and aromaticity, or into C4 fluorophores (DOM-X), during anaerobic or anoxic treatment. DOM-X was able to be transformed or removed by aerobic treatment. The results suggested that introduction of aerobic treatment at the appropriate stage of wastewater treatment or inclusion of physical or chemical treatment should be an effective way to optimize DOM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Komatsu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Takashi Onodera
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ayato Kohzu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Imai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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14
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Cai MH, Wu YP, Ji WX, Han YZ, Li Y, Wu JC, Shuang CD, Korshin GV, Li AM, Li WT. Characterizing property and treatability of dissolved effluent organic matter using size exclusion chromatography with an array of absorbance, fluorescence, organic nitrogen and organic carbon detectors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125321. [PMID: 31733541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, size exclusion chromatography with an array of absorbance, fluorescence, organic nitrogen and organic carbon detectors was used for characterizing property and treatability of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from 12 wastewater treatment plants. According to their apparent molecular weight (AMW), EfOM fractions were assigned to biopolymers (>20 kDa), humic substances that comprise sub-fractions of humic-like acids (HA-I & HA-II, 2.3-7.0 kDa) and fulvic-like acids (FA, 1.5-2.3 kDa), building blocks (0.55-1.5 kDa) and low molecular weight neutral substances (<550 Da). The fractions of biopolymers and low molecular weight neutral substances didn't show humic-like fluorescence, while the fractions of HA-II, FA and building blocks usually had signatures of both humic-like and protein-like fluorescence. Humic substances generally contributed the largest proportion of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC & DON) in effluents. Coagulation removed EfOM fractions following the order of biopolymers > HA subfraction > FA subfraction > building blocks, while little removal of protein-like fluorescence in HA-II and FA subfractions was detected. Anion exchange treatment could effectively reduce DOC and DON concentrations; the sequence of the treatment efficiency was humic substances > biopolymers > building blocks. Increasing O3 doses caused DOC and DON of EfOM to be gradually transformed from large AMW fractions into small AMW fractions, while chromophores and fluorophores in HA subfractions were relatively more refractory than those in the other fractions. Size exclusion chromatography with multiple detectors are suggested to be an informative technique for estimating treatability of EfOM by advanced wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ji-Chun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen-Dong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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Fakayode OJ, Williams S, Saheed AS, Nkambule TTI. Detection of humic acid in water using flat-sheet and folded-rod viscous alkaline glucose syrups. Analyst 2020; 145:2682-2691. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of the alkaline glucose solution with humic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi J. Fakayode
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit (NanoWS)
- College of Science
- Engineering and Technology (CSET)
- University of South Africa (UNISA)
- Roodepoort
| | - Sharon Williams
- School of Life Sciences
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences
- Coventry University
- Coventry
- UK
| | - Abolanle S. Saheed
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit (NanoWS)
- College of Science
- Engineering and Technology (CSET)
- University of South Africa (UNISA)
- Roodepoort
| | - Thabo T. I. Nkambule
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit (NanoWS)
- College of Science
- Engineering and Technology (CSET)
- University of South Africa (UNISA)
- Roodepoort
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16
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Brezinski K, Gorczyca B. An overview of the uses of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) in the characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) in potable water, and ion-exchange applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:122-139. [PMID: 30414544 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) constitutes the terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic plant like material found in water bodies. As of recently, an ever-increasing amount of effort is being put towards developing better ways of unraveling the heterogeneous nature of NOM. This is important as NOM is responsible for a wide variety of both direct and indirect effects: ranging from aesthetic concerns related to taste and odor, to issues related to disinfection by-product formation and metal mobility. A better understanding of NOM can also provide a better appreciation for treatment design; lending a further understanding of potable water treatment impacts on specific fractions and constituents of NOM. The use of high performance size-exclusion chromatography has shown a growing promise in its various applications for NOM characterization, through the ability to partition ultraviolet absorbing moieties into ill-defined groups of humic acids, hydrolysates of humics, and low molecular weight acids. HPSEC also has the ability of simultaneously measuring absorbance in the UV-visible range (200-350 nm); further providing a spectroscopic fingerprint that is simply unavailable using surrogate measurements of NOM, such as total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), excitation-emission matrices (EEM), and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254). This review mainly focuses on the use of HPSEC in the characterization of NOM in a potable water setting, with an additional focus on strong-base ion-exchangers specifically targeted for NOM constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Brezinski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Beata Gorczyca
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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Current status of water environment and their microbial biosensor techniques – Part I: Current data of water environment and recent studies on water quality investigations in Japan, and new possibility of microbial biosensor techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3953-3965. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Hata A, Inaba M, Katayama H, Furumai H. Characterization of Natural Organic Substances Potentially Hindering RT-PCR-Based Virus Detection in Large Volumes of Environmental Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13568-13579. [PMID: 29165998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of pathogenic viruses in the environmental water is essential for the assessment of water safety. It is known that some of natural organic substances interfere with virus detection processes, i.e., nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription-PCR. Such substances are carried over into a sample after virus concentration. In this study, inhibitory substances in coastal water samples were characterized in view of their effects on efficiency of virus detection and property as organic matters. Among 81 samples tested, 77 (95%) showed low recoveries (<10%) of spiked murine norovirus. These recovery rates were correlated with the levels of organic matter present in virus concentrates as measured by ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (r = -0.70 - -0.71, p < 0.01). High-performance gel chromatography and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy revealed that organic fractions in the 10-100 kDa size range, which were not dominant in the original samples, and those possessing humic acid-like fluorescence properties were dominant in virus concentrates. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced during summer. Substances originating from seawater seemed to cause a more pronounced effect than those originating from wastewater. Our data highlight the previously unknown characteristics of natural inhibitory substances and are helpful in establishing an effective sample purification technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hata
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manami Inaba
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Furumai
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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19
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Kawai M, Nagao N, Kawasaki N, Imai A, Toda T. Improvement of COD removal by controlling the substrate degradability during the anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:838-846. [PMID: 27449962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrant landfill leachate was anaerobically digested at various mixing ratios with labile synthetic wastewater to evaluate the degradation properties of recalcitrant wastewater. The proportion of leachate to the digestion system was increased in three equal steps, starting from 0% to 100%, and later decreased back to 0% with the same steps. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) for organic carbon and other components were calculated by analyzing the COD and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the removal efficiencies of COD carbon and COD others were evaluated separately. The degradation properties of COD carbon and COD others shifted owing to changing of substrate degradability, and the removal efficiencies of COD carbon and COD others were improved after supplying 100% recalcitrant wastewater. The UV absorptive property and total organic carbon (TOC) of each molecular size using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UVA and TOC detectors were also investigated, and the degradability of different molecular sizes was determined. Although the SEC system detected extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are produced by microbes in stressful environments, during early stages of the experiment, EPS were not detected after feeding 100% recalcitrant wastewater. These results suggest that the microbes had acclimatized to the recalcitrant wastewater degradation. The high removal rates of both COD carbon and COD others were sustained when the proportion of labile wastewater in the substrate was 33%, indicating that the effective removal of recalcitrant COD might be controlled by changing the substrate's degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Kawai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; Asian People's Exchange, Inoue Building, Negishi 1-5-12, Taitou-ku, Tokyo, 110-0003, Japan.
| | - Norio Nagao
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nobuyuki Kawasaki
- Faculty of Sciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Selangor, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Imai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Toda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Zha XS, Ma LM, Wu J, Liu Y. The removal of organic precursors of DBPs during three advanced water treatment processes including ultrafiltration, biofiltration, and ozonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16641-16652. [PMID: 27180835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of organic matter, the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMFP), and the formation potential of haloacetic acids (HAAFP) in each unit of three advanced treatment processes were investigated in this paper. The molecular weight distribution and the components of organic matter in water samples were also determined to study the transformation of organic matter during these advanced treatments. Low-molecular-weight matter was the predominant fraction in raw water, and it could not be removed effectively by ultrafiltration and biofiltration. The dominant species of disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) in raw water were chloroform and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), with average concentrations of 107.3 and 125.9 μg/L, respectively. However, the formation potential of chloroform and MCAA decreased to 36.2 and 11.5 μg/L after ultrafiltration. Similarly, biological pretreatment obtained high removal efficiency for DBPFP. The total THMFP decreased from 173.8 to 81.8 μg/L, and the total HAAFP decreased from 211.9 to 84.2 μg/L. Separate ozonation had an adverse effect on DBPFP, especially for chlorinated HAAFP. Numerous low-molecular-weight compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols were generated during the ozonation, which have been proven to be important precursors of HAAs. However, the ozonation/biological activated carbon (BAC) combined process had a better removal efficiency for DBPFP. The total DBPFP decreased remarkably from 338.7 to 113.3 μg/L after the O3/BAC process, far below the separated BAC of process B (189.1 μg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song Zha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lu-Ming Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Wang L, Zhang W, Chu H, Dong B. Forward osmosis filtration for removal of organic foulants: Effects of combined tannic and alginic acids. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 91:251-263. [PMID: 26803261 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The filtration performance of combined organic foulants by forward osmosis (FO) in active-layer-facing-the-draw-solution (AL-facing-DS) orientation was investigated systematically. Tannic acid and alginate were used as model organic foulants for polysaccharides and humic dissolved organic matters, respectively. The FO could reject combined and single tannic acid and alginate foulants effectively. The more severe fouling flux decline, accompanied with lower combined foulants' retention, was observed with increasing proportions of tannic acid in the combined foulants-containing feed, which was ascribed mainly to the more severe fouling resulting from tannic acid adsorption within the porous support layer of the FO membrane compared to minor alginate deposition on the membrane surface. It was found that the higher the initial flux level and cross flow velocity, the faster the flux decline with lower mixed foulants retention. It was also revealed that the calcium ions in a basic solution enhanced the combined fouling flux reduction and combined foulants retention. As the major constituent of the combined fouling layer, the adsorption of tannic acid might play a more significant role in the mixed fouling of the FO membrane, which was probably influenced by permeation drag caused by water flux and chemical interactions induced by feed solution pH and calcium ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wanzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bingzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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22
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Sandron S, Rojas A, Wilson R, Davies NW, Haddad PR, Shellie RA, Nesterenko PN, Kelleher BP, Paull B. Chromatographic methods for the isolation, separation and characterisation of dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1531-1567. [PMID: 26290053 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the separation techniques applied to the complex challenge of dissolved organic matter characterisation. The review discusses methods for isolation of dissolved organic matter from natural waters, and the range of separation techniques used to further fractionate this complex material. The review covers both liquid and gas chromatographic techniques, in their various modes, and electrophoretic based approaches. For each, the challenges that the separation and fractionation of such an immensely complex sample poses is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandron
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001.
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23
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Organic substances interfere with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR-based virus detection in water samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1585-93. [PMID: 25527552 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03082-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-based virus detection from water samples is occasionally hampered by organic substances that are co-concentrated during virus concentration procedures. To characterize these organic substances, samples containing commercially available humic acid, which is known to inhibit RT-PCR, and river water samples were subjected to adsorption-elution-based virus concentration using an electronegative membrane. In this study, the samples before, during, and after the concentration were analyzed in terms of organic properties and virus detection efficiencies. Two out of the three humic acid solutions resulted in RT-quantitative PCR (qPCR) inhibition that caused >3-log10-unit underestimation of spiked poliovirus. Over 60% of the organics contained in the two solutions were recovered in the concentrate, while over 60% of the organics in the uninhibited solution were lost during the concentration process. River water concentrates also caused inhibition of RT-qPCR. Organic concentrations in the river water samples increased by 2.3 to 3.9 times after the virus concentration procedure. The inhibitory samples contained organic fractions in the 10- to 100-kDa size range, which are suspected to be RT-PCR inhibitors. According to excitation-emission matrices, humic acid-like and protein-like fractions were also recovered from river water concentrates, but these fractions did not seem to affect virus detection. Our findings reveal that detailed organic analyses are effective in characterizing inhibitory substances.
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Li L, Wang Z, Rietveld LC, Gao N, Hu J, Yin D, Yu S. Comparison of the effects of extracellular and intracellular organic matter extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa on ultrafiltration membrane fouling: dynamics and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14549-14557. [PMID: 25402823 DOI: 10.1021/es5035365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Algae organic matter (AOM), including intracellular organic matter (IOM) and extracellular organic matter (EOM), are major membrane foulants in the treatment of algae-polluted water. In this study, the effects of EOM and IOM (at dissolved organic concentrations of 8 mg/L) on the fouling of a poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane were investigated using a dead-end down-flow UF unit. Changes in the membrane pore geometry and the interaction energy between the membrane and foulants were analyzed based on the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory. The data (relative standard deviation within 10%) showed that UF was able to retain 57% and 46% of IOM and EOM respectively, while the corresponding membrane fluxes rapidly reduced to 28% and 33% of their respective initial values after a specific filtration volume of only 3.75 mL/cm(2). The fouling model implied that cake formation was the major mechanism. Specifically, IOM foulant had a much greater free energy of cohesion (-59.08 mJ/m(2)) than EOM foulant (3.2 mJ/m(2)), leading to the formation of a compacted cake layer on the membrane surface. In contrast, small molecules of hydrophobic EOM tended to be adsorbed into the membrane pores, leading to significant reduction of the pore size and membrane flux. Therefore, the overall fouling rates caused by EOM and IOM were comparable when both of the above-mentioned mechanisms were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
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25
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Tsuboi S, Yamamura S, Imai A, Satou T, Iwasaki K. Linking temporal changes in bacterial community structures with the detection and phylogenetic analysis of neutral metalloprotease genes in the sediments of a hypereutrophic lake. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:314-21. [PMID: 25130992 PMCID: PMC4159043 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated spatial and temporal variations in bacterial community structures as well as the presence of three functional proteolytic enzyme genes in the sediments of a hypereutrophic freshwater lake in order to acquire an insight into dynamic links between bacterial community structures and proteolytic functions. Bacterial communities determined from 16S rRNA gene clone libraries markedly changed bimonthly, rather than vertically in the sediment cores. The phylum Firmicutes dominated in the 4–6 cm deep sediment layer sample after August in 2007, and this correlated with increases in interstitial ammonium concentrations (p < 0.01). The Firmicutes clones were mostly composed of the genus Bacillus. npr genes encoding neutral metalloprotease, an extracellular protease gene, were detected after the phylum Firmicutes became dominant. The deduced Npr protein sequences from the retrieved npr genes also showed that most of the Npr sequences used in this study were closely related to those of the genus Bacillus, with similarities ranging from 61% to 100%. Synchronous temporal occurrences of the 16S rRNA gene and Npr sequences, both from the genus Bacillus, were positively associated with increases in interstitial ammonium concentrations, which may imply that proteolysis by Npr from the genus Bacillus may contribute to the marked increases observed in ammonium concentrations in the sediments. Our results suggest that sedimentary bacteria may play an important role in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle of freshwater lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tsuboi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
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26
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Wang L, Chu H, Dong B. Effects on the purification of tannic acid and natural dissolved organic matter by forward osmosis membrane. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Li T, Lin D, Li L, Wang Z, Wu F. The kinetic and thermodynamic sorption and stabilization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in natural organic matter surrogate solutions: the effect of surrogate molecular weight. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 186:43-49. [PMID: 24361563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Styrene sulfonate (SS) and polystyrene sulfonates (PSSs) were used as surrogates of natural organic matter to study the effect of molecular weight (from 206.2 to 70,000 Da) on their sorption by a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and an activated carbon (AC) and on their stabilization of MWCNT suspension. Results indicate that surface-diffusion through the liquid-sorbent boundary was the rate-controlling step of the kinetic sorption of both MWCNTs and AC, and surface-occupying and pore-filling mechanisms respectively dominated the thermodynamic sorption of MWCNTs and AC. Sorption rates and capacities of MWCNTs and AC in molecular concentration of SS and PSS decreased with increasing molecular weight. The PSSs but not SS facilitated the stabilization of MWCNT suspension because of the increased electrosteric repulsion. The PSSs with more monomers had greater capabilities to stabilize the MWCNT suspension, but the capabilities were comparable after being normalized by the total monomer number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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28
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Sandron S, Nesterenko PN, McCaul MV, Kelleher B, Paull B. Normal-phase high-performance counter-current chromatography for the fractionation of dissolved organic matter from a freshwater source. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:135-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandron
- Irish Separation Science Cluster; National Centre for Sensor Research; School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences; School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Margaret V. McCaul
- Irish Separation Science Cluster; National Centre for Sensor Research; School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian Kelleher
- Irish Separation Science Cluster; National Centre for Sensor Research; School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Sciences; School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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29
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Shen Z, Feng C, Chen J. Revealing sources and distribution changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pore water of sediment from the Yangtze estuary. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76633. [PMID: 24155904 PMCID: PMC3796548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediment pore waters from Yangtze estuary of China based on abundance, UV absorbance, molecular weight distribution and fluorescence were investigated using a combination of various parameters of DOM as well as 3D fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectra (F-EEMS) with the parallel factor and principal component analysis (PARAFAC-PCA). The results indicated that DOM in pore water of Yangtze estuary was very variable which mainly composed of low aromaticity and molecular weight materials. Three humic-like substances (C1, C2, C4) and one protein-like substance (C3) were identified by PARAFAC model. C1, C2 and C4 exhibited same trends and were very similar. The separation of samples on both axes of the PCA showed the difference in DOM properties. C1, C2 and C4 concurrently showed higher positive factor 1 loadings, while C3 showed highly positive factor 2 loadings. The PCA analysis showed a combination contribution of microbial DOM signal and terrestrial DOM signal in the Yangtze estuary. Higher and more variable DOM abundance, aromaticity and molecular weight of surface sediment pore water DOM can be found in the southern nearshore than the other regions primarily due to the influence of frequent and intensive human activities and tributaries inflow in this area. The DOM abundance, aromaticity, molecular weight and fluorescence intensity in core of different depth were relative constant and increased gradually with depth. DOM in core was mainly composed of humic-like material, which was due to higher release of the sedimentary organic material into the porewater during early diagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Di Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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30
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Seders Dietrich LA, McInnis DP, Bolster D, Maurice PA. Effect of polydispersity on natural organic matter transport. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:2231-2240. [PMID: 23490097 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of humic-substance dominated natural organic matter (NOM) concentrated from a freshwater wetland by reverse osmosis was examined in sand columns at pH 5-8, in 0.001 M and 0.01 M NaClO4. Greater mobility was observed at higher pH and lower ionic strength, although breakthrough curves (BTCs) for bulk NOM exhibited extensive tailing under all conditions examined. Based on observations from previous batch experiments indicating preferential adsorption of intermediate to high molecular weight (MW) NOM, we postulate that 'adsorptive fractionation' of the NOM pool leads to the observed tailing behavior, and develop a novel approach to assess the effects of polydispersity on transport of NOM and associated contaminants. BTCs for different NOM fractions were constructed by separating column effluent MW distributions determined by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography into five discrete intervals or 'bins' and calculating the mass of NOM within each bin at four sampling times. Observed retardation factors (Ro), reflecting median arrival time relative to that of a nonreactive tracer, ranged from 1.4 to 7.9 for the various bins and generally increased with MW. NOM retarded transport of the contaminant metal Cd (2.5 ppm, in 0.01 M NaClO4) slightly at pH 5 and more substantially at pH 8. Although Cd had little or no effect on bulk NOM transport, retention of the more aromatic, IMW-HMW NOM appeared to be slightly enhanced by Cd. Study results demonstrate that heterogeneity in retardation as a function of MW is likely a major factor contributing to bulk NOM BTC tailing and may have important implications for contaminant transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Seders Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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31
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Chakraborty P, Boissel M, Reuillon A, Babu P, Parthiban G. Ultrafiltration technique in conjunction with competing ligand exchange method for Ni–humics speciation in aquatic environment. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM): a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:109-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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