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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Wang B, Wang H. Membrane processes enhanced by various forms of physical energy: A systematic review on mechanisms, implementation, application and energy efficiency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167268. [PMID: 37748609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies in water and wastewater treatment have been eagerly pursued over the past decades, yet membrane fouling remains the major bottleneck to overcome. Membrane fouling control methods which couple membrane processes with online in situ application of external physical energy input (EPEI) are getting closer and closer to reality, thanks to recent advances in novel materials and energy deliverance methods. In this review, we summarized recent studies on membrane fouling control techniques that depend on (i) electric field, (ii) acoustic field, (iii) magnetic field, and (iv) photo-irradiation (mostly ultraviolet or visible light). Mechanisms of each energy input were first reported, which defines the applicability of these methods to certain wastewater matrices. Then, means of implementation were discussed to evaluate the compatibility of these fouling control methods with established membrane techniques. After that, preferred applications of each energy input to different foulant types and membrane processes in the experiment reports were summarized, along with a discussion on the trends and knowledge gaps of such fouling control research. Next, specific energy consumption in membrane fouling control and flux enhancement was estimated and compared, based on the experimental results reported in the literature. Lastly, strength and weakness of these methods and future perspectives were presented as open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yichong Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yulian Jiang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Banglong Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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2
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Hamzah MH, Ibrahim SK, Nor MZM, Hamzah AFA, Shamsudin R, Ali AHM. Optimization of electrochemical pre-treatment for essential oil extraction from lemon myrtle (B. citriodora) leaves by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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The Biological Performance of a Novel Electrokinetic-Assisted Membrane Photobioreactor (EK-MPBR) for Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060587. [PMID: 35736294 PMCID: PMC9228305 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective phycoremediation system, especially by utilizing microalgae, could provide a valuable approach in wastewater treatment for simultaneous nutrient removal and biomass generation, which would help control environmental pollution. This research aims to study the impact of low-voltage direct current (DC) application on Chlorella vulgaris properties and the removal efficiency of nutrients (N and P) in a novel electrokinetic-assisted membrane photobioreactor (EK-MPBR) in treating synthetic municipal wastewater. Two membrane photobioreactors ran in parallel for 49 days with and without an applied electric field (current density: 0.261 A/m2). Mixed liquid suspended soils (MLSS) concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD), floc morphology, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) removals were measured during the experiments. The results showed that EK-MPBR achieved biomass production comparable to the control MPBR. In EK-MPBR, an over 97% reduction in phosphate concentration was achieved compared to 41% removal in the control MPBR. The control MPBR outperformed the nitrogen removal of EK-MPBR (68% compared to 43% removal). Induced DC electric field led to lower pH, lower zeta potential, and smaller particle sizes in the EK-MPBR as compared with MPBR. The results of this novel study investigating the incorporation of Chlorella vulgar is in an electrokinetic-assisted membrane photobioreactor indicate that this is a promising technology for wastewater treatment.
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Corpuz MVA, Borea L, Senatore V, Castrogiovanni F, Buonerba A, Oliva G, Ballesteros F, Zarra T, Belgiorno V, Choo KH, Hasan SW, Naddeo V. Wastewater treatment and fouling control in an electro algae-activated sludge membrane bioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147475. [PMID: 33971601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of addition of algae to activated sludge as active biomass in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and electro-MBRs (e-MBRs) for wastewater remediation was examined in this study. The performances of Algae-Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor (AAS-MBR) and electro Algae-Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor (e-AAS-MBR) were compared to those observed in conventional MBR and e-MBR, which were previously reported and utilized activated sludge as biomass. The effect of application of electric field was also examined by the comparison of performances of e-AAS-MBR and AAS-MBR. Similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiencies of AAS-MBR, e-AAS-MBR, MBR, and e-MBR (98.35 ± 0.35%, 99.12 ± 0.08%, 97.70 ± 1.10%, and 98.10 ± 1.70%, respectively) were observed. The effect of the algae-activated sludge system was significantly higher in the nutrient removals. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal efficiencies of AAS-MBR and e-AAS-MBR were higher by 43.89% and 26.61% than in the conventional MBR and e-MBR, respectively. Phosphate phosphorous (PO43--P) removals were also higher in AAS-MBR and e-AAS-MBR by 6.43% and 2.66% than those in conventional MBR and e-MBR. Membrane fouling rates in AAS-MBR and e-AAS-MBR were lower by 57.30% and 61.95% than in MBR and e-MBR, respectively. Lower concentrations of fouling substances were also observed in the reactors containing algae-activated sludge biomass. Results revealed that addition of algae improved nutrient removal and membrane fouling mitigation. The study also highlighted that the application of electric field in the e-AAS-MBR enhanced organic contaminants and nutrients removal, and fouling rate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vermi Aizza Corpuz
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Senatore
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Castrogiovanni
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; Inter-University Centre for Prediction and Prevention of Relevant Hazards (Centro Universitario per la Previsione e Prevenzione Grandi Rischi, C.U.G.RI.), Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Oliva
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Florencio Ballesteros
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Tiziano Zarra
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Kwang-Ho Choo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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Xu Y, Zhou Q, Wang X, Yang M, Fang Y, Lu Y. An efficient strategy of phosphorus recovery: Electrochemical pretreatment enhanced the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129391. [PMID: 33360138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic fermentation (AF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) with an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) was investigated to determine its correlation with the release of phosphorus and the disintegration of WAS. The sludge was pretreated by holding under 4.5 V for 60 min, followed by AF for 9 days. Untreated sludge was used as the control group (no-EPT). Results showed that, with pretreatment, the total dissolved P (TDP), orthophosphate (PO43--P) and organic P (OP) reached the maximum values of 7.30 mg/L, 4.77 mg/L and 2.35 mg/L on day 8, respectively, which were approximately 5.3, 9.2 and 2.7 times greater than that in the control group. The analysis of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein and polysaccharides showed that the EPT promoted the disintegration of sludge, thereby enhancing the P release. The SCOD reached 1625 mg/L on day 6 in pretreatment experiment, which was about 9.8 times greater than that in control group. Additionally, the EPT contributed to fewer metal ions in sludge supernatant. This mechanism might have been due to the anions accumulating in the supernatant from the greater degree of sludge collapse after EPT, which caused the released metal ions to combine with anions to form insoluble compounds. In conclusion, EPT could be a promising method for the dissolution of sludge and the recovery of phosphorus from WAS under AF. Besides, the economic benefit evaluation showed the potential value of EPT for P recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qinghao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangfan Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yongsheng Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Yin X, Li J, Li X, Hua Z, Wang X, Ren Y. Self-generated electric field to suppress sludge production and fouling development in a membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:128046. [PMID: 33113656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional sludge reduction techniques, electric field assisted membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a cost-effective technology with low power consumption. In this study, spontaneous electric field without extra power supply was introduced into the MBR for wastewater treatment to complete the in situ sludge reduction and membrane fouling mitigation. A novel spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor (SEF-MBR) equipped with Cu-nanowires (Cu-NWs) conductive microfiltration membrane as cathode was established by using baffles to form anaerobic and aerobic tanks. SEF-MBR 1 with external resistance of 500 Ω maintained a highest electric field intensity of 1.25 mV/cm. Compared with Control-MBR, the reduction of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) growth rate, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) growth rate, total cell number and water content of SEF-MBR 1 reached 50.0%, 43.0%, 37.1% and 6.4%, respectively. After 43 days operation, SEF-MBR 1 obtained the minimum MLSS concentration and sludge volume, which were 29.9% and 83.8% lower than that of it in Control-MBR. The total biovolume of the contaminants (i.e., EPS and cells) on the membrane surface of SEF-MBR 1 was 68.8% lower than that of Control-MBR. SEF-MBR 1 exhibited a better performance with a lower membrane fouling rate (0.58 kPa/d) than Control-MBR (1.09 kPa/d). Economic analysis showed that a total of 148.1 kWh/m3 of electric energy was saved in the SEF-MBR 1. This technology reduced the sludge production in the sewage biological treatment process, which realized the sludge reduction had a positive impact on the membrane fouling mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Xiufen Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Zhaozhe Hua
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Yueping Ren
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
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Rumky J, Visigalli S, Turolla A, Gelmi E, Necibi C, Gronchi P, Sillanpää M, Canziani R. Electro-dewatering treatment of sludge: Assessment of the influence on relevant indicators for disposal in agriculture. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110689. [PMID: 32383657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge requires effective dewatering, high biological stability and retention of nutrients prior to disposal for agricultural application. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pressure-driven electro-dewatering (EDW) on improving sludge characteristics related to disposal in agriculture, including biological stability, pathogen availability, heavy metals concentrations and nutrients content. Thickened conditioned and mechanically dewatered sludge samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), characterized by different stabilization processes, and treated by a lab-scale device at 5, 15 and 25 V. EDW increased significantly the dry solid (DS) content, up to 43-45%, starting from 2 to 3% of raw sludge. The endogenous value of specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), monitored as indicator of biological stability, increased up to 56% and 39% after EDW tests for sludge from two WWTPs. On the other hand, the exogenous SOUR decreased, indicating a significant drop in the active bacterial population. Likewise, a 1-2 log unit reduction was observed for E. coli after EDW tests at 15 and 25 V. However, no remarkable removal of heavy metals, namely chromium, nickel, lead, copper and zinc, was achieved. Finally, the concentration of nutrients for soil, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, was not affected by the EDW process. In conclusion, EDW exerts considerable effects on the biological characteristics of sludge, which should be considered in a proper design of sludge management to ensure safe and sustainable resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Rumky
- Department of Green Chemistry, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Simone Visigalli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Gelmi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chaker Necibi
- International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Green City Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Paolo Gronchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 550000, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, 550000, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
| | - Roberto Canziani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - Environmental Section, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Zeng Q, Hao T, Yuan Z, Chen G. Dewaterability enhancement and sulfide mitigation of CEPT sludge by electrochemical pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115727. [PMID: 32259684 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dewatering and sulfide control are the key challenges in treating chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge. In this study, an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) approach with the input of 10 V/800 mA was explored for simultaneously improving the dewaterability of CEPT sludge and eliminating its sulfide production. The effects of different electrode materials (carbon and titanium) and EPT durations (from 5 to 15 min) were documented to reveal the underlying EPT mechanism. EPT with titanium electrodes (titanium-EPT) led to limited improvement in dewaterability and sulfide control. EPT with carbon electrodes (carbon-EPT) for 15 min, however, led to decreases in capillary suction time and specific resistance in filtration of over 80% and the suppression of about 99% of hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g)) production over 5 days of anaerobic storage. Analysis of the characteristics of treated CEPT sludge revealed that carbon-EPT disintegrated sludge flocs with ∼70% reduction in sludge particle sizes and release of aromatic and tyrosine protein-like substances, thus enhancing sludge dewaterability. The sulfur balance in the liquid and gaseous phases showed that most of the sulfur-containing compounds remained in the solid phase as aliphatic sulfur and sulfonic acid after carbon-EPT, thereby mitigating sulfide emission. While the pattern of sulfur distribution in sludge with titanium-EPT was dominated by sulfide, it was similar to the control sample. Reduction in bacteria associated with sulfide production (i.e., Lachnospiraceae) in CEPT sludge after carbon-EPT also contributed to sulfide elimination. This study demonstrates that EPT can be a superior option for simultaneously enhancing the dewaterability of CEPT sludge and mitigating its sulfide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Niu C, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Tan Y, Lu X, Zhen G. Does the combined free nitrous acid and electrochemical pretreatment increase methane productivity by provoking sludge solubilization and hydrolysis? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:123006. [PMID: 32078903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free nitrous acid based pretreatments are novel and effective chemical strategies for enhancing waste activated sludge solubilization. In this study, the synergetic effects of the combined free nitrous acid and electrochemical pretreatment on sludge solubilization and subsequent methane productivity were evaluated. The results indicated that pretreatment with 10 V plus 14.17 mg N/L substantially enhanced sludge solubilization, with the highest soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration of 3296.7 mg/L, 25.6-time higher than that without pretreatment (128.9 mg/L). Due to the potential toxicity of NO2- and NO3- to microorganisms and its bioprocesses, the methane production of sludge pretreated by free nitrous acid was significantly deteriorated. The maximum methane yield (152.0 ± 9.6 mL/g-VSadded) was observed at 10 V pretreatment alone, only 1.7% higher than that of the control (149.4 ± 1.6 mL/g-VSadded). Combined pretreatment indeed enhances the sludge solubilization and hydrolysis, but does not always induce an improved anaerobic digestion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Niu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yujie Tan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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10
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhao Z, Yu Q, Zhang Y. Effects of dissimilatory iron reduction on acetate production from the anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge under alkaline conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109045. [PMID: 31863944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) to produce acetate has recently attracted growing interest, while the slow hydrolytic acidification of sludge and the consumption of acetate by methanogens both decrease the yield of acetate. In this study, Fe3O4 was added to a WAS anaerobic digester under alkaline conditions (pH = 10). The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) during WAS anaerobic fermentation was found to be affected positively by Fe3O4. The maximal SCFA production of the Fe3O4-added digester was 3619.4 mg/L, while the maximal SCFA production in the control was 2899.7 mg/L. The increase of SCFA with Fe3O4 was mainly resulted from the increase in acetate accumulation (accounting for 90%), because Fe3O4 stimulated dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) that participated in the decomposition of complex organics and the transformation of pronionate and butyrate into acetate. Further investigation showed that each step of hydrolytic-acidification process was promoted except the homoacetogenesis. The activity of enzymes and abundance of microbes relevant to hydrolysis and acidification were in agreement with the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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11
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Zeng Q, Zan F, Hao T, Biswal BK, Lin S, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen G. Electrochemical pretreatment for stabilization of waste activated sludge: Simultaneously enhancing dewaterability, inactivating pathogens and mitigating hydrogen sulfide. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115035. [PMID: 31494488 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of waste activated sludge (WAS) is an essential step for the disposal or reuse. In this study, WAS stabilization via electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) at 0-15V was evaluated for simultaneous dewaterability enhancement, pathogen removal and H2S mitigation. The mechanism underlying EPT was investigated and discussed based on the changes in the physicochemical (e.g., particle size, zeta potential, hydrophobicity and extracellular polymeric substances) and biological characteristics (i.e. cell morphology, and distribution and percentages of live/dead cells) of WAS with different EPT voltages. The results revealed that EPT disintegrated WAS flocs and disrupted the cell walls leading to a reduction in particle size (by up to 50%), increased release of extracellular and intracellular substances (by up to 4 times) to facilitate WAS stabilization. With EPT at 15V, the capillary suction time of WAS decreased by 42%, and the concentrations of E. coli and indicator pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Streptococcus faecalis) fell by nearly 5 log10 reaching U.S. EPA hygienization levels. Furthermore, EPT at 12V or higher suppressed the amounts of dissolved sulfide and H2S(g) produced from the WAS under anaerobic conditions by over 99%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of EPT for simultaneous WAS dewaterability enhancement, pathogen inactivation and H2S mitigation, providing a one-step alternative for sludge stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Zheng L, Zhu X, Xie X, Li J. Electro-osmotic Treatment of Dredged Sediment by Different Power Supply Modes: Energy Consumption and Electro-osmotic Transport Volume. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12698. [PMID: 31481753 PMCID: PMC6722056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory model tests were conducted in constant-voltage mode and constant-current mode for the one-dimensional electro-osmotic treatment of dredged sediment, with an approximately consistent initial electric power. The voltage, current, drainage rate, electro-osmotic transport volume, and energy consumption coefficient during the electro-osmotic process were measured and calculated. After treatment, the final soil moisture at designated positions in the test samples was measured to investigate the effects of different power supply modes. Further, the divergent phenomena observed with constant voltage and constant current were discussed. Based on an analysis of the measured energy consumption coefficients with time, we obtained a linear relationship between the applied/equivalent voltage and energy consumption coefficient. Furthermore, the electro-osmotic processes are divided into four stages by equal drainage quantity to obtain the energy consumption and electro-osmotic transport volume under different working conditions. The results reveal that the energy consumption of electro-osmosis is mainly determined by the applied voltage or the equivalent voltage for dredged sediment, while the value of electro-osmotic transport volume depends mainly on the change in soil water content rather than power supply modes. The drainage rate in constant-current mode was observed to be relatively steady, maintaining an approximately constant rate until the soil moisture was dramatically reduced. In other words, constant-current mode shows the advantages of being powerful and persistent in electro-osmotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Zheng
- Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Urban Underground Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Xiada Zhu
- Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Engineering Research Center of Urban Underground Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Engineering Research Center of Urban Underground Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jinzhu Li
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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Tong S, Liu H, Feng C, Chen N, Zhao Y, Xu B, Zhao J, Zhu M. Stimulation impact of electric currents on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and denitrification performance in high concentration nitrate-contaminated wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:363-371. [PMID: 30573101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electric current stimulation has been shown to have a positive influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microbial viability and has the potential to improve wastewater denitrification performance. This study investigated the effects of varying current densities on microbial activity and NO3- removal efficiency under heterotrophic conditions.NO3- removal rate was highest at an applied current density of 400 mA/m2. However, the optimum removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN; 99%) was achieved when the current density was fixed at 200 mA/m2. Accumulation of NH4+-N and NO2--N byproducts were also minimized at this current density. The activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms was much higher at both 200 and 400 mA/m2. Moreover, the average adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content (an indicator of cell metabolism) at a current density of 1600 mA/m2 was lower than that under no current, indicating heterotrophic denitrifying microbial activity can be inhibited at high current densities. Hence, direct electrical stimulation on the activity of heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms in the developed system should be lower than 1600 mA/m2. This study improves the understanding of electric current influence on heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms and promotes the intelligent application of direct electrical stimulation on wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hengyuan Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China
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Guo Y, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Shi W, Zhang R, Cheng J, Li W, Cui F. Enhanced aerobic granulation by applying the low-intensity direct current electric field via reactive iron anode. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:159-168. [PMID: 30439579 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel granulation strategy by applying the low-intensity direct current (DC) electric field via reactive iron anode into the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system was systematically investigated in this study. Three identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs, namely R1, R2, and R3) were operated for 100 days. Comparatively, the R1 and R3 were continuously subjected to the 1.0 V DC electric field via a reactive Fe anode and an inert Ti-Ir/Rh anode, respectively, while the R2 without DC exposure. The results showed that the sludge granulation processes were accelerated in order as follows: R2<R3<R1, and the properties of mature granules were improved in order as follows: R3<R2<R1. Interestingly, at the end of experiment, total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency in R1 dramatically increased to 80.52%, which was 2.15 and 1.96 folds than that in R2 and R3, respectively. Further investigations revealed that this novel strategy could simultaneously improve the secretion of EPS and the release of iron ions in R1, which cooperatively enhanced the granulation process. Moreover, in R1, mineral precipitation of phosphate remarkably improved the capability of phosphorus removal. The observed effective and stable performance highlights the feasibility and potential of this novel strategy for the rapid start-up and stable operation of AGS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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16
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Zhang L, Ding L, He X, Ma H, Fu H, Wang J, Ren H. Effect of continuous and intermittent electric current on lignin wastewater treatment and microbial community structure in electro-microbial system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:805. [PMID: 30692563 PMCID: PMC6349836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, complex structured soluble lignin wastewater was treated by electro-microbial system (EMS) using different direct current (DC) application modes (CR (continuous ON), IR12h (12 h-ON/12 h-OFF) and IR2h (2 h-ON/2 h-OFF)), and physiological characteristics and microbial communities were investigated. Results showed that CR, IR12h and IR2h had higher lignin removals, which were almost two times that of the control reactor (R0′, no current), and IR2h performed best and stably. Furthermore, IR2h exhibited the lowest ohmic resistance (Rs) of electrode biofilms, which could be explained by its higher abundance of electroactive bacteria. In the activated sludge of EMS, the concentration of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and electronic transport system (ETS) in IR2h were the highest (1.48 and 1.28 times of R0′), which contributed to its high content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The viability of activated sludge was not affected by different DC application modes. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis indicated that IR2h had the maximum content of C15:1 anteiso A, C16:0 and C18:0; CR increased the content of C15:0 anteiso and decreased the content of saturated fatty acids. Genus-level results revealed that lignin-degrading bacteria, Pseudoxanthomonas and Mycobacterium, could be enriched in IR2h and CR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuemeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haijun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huimin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wang S, Zhou A, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zheng J, Zhao X, Yue X. Enhanced quinoline removal by zero-valent iron-coupled novel anaerobic processes: performance and underlying function analysis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1176-1186. [PMID: 35518020 PMCID: PMC9059619 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline is toxic and difficult to degrade biologically; thus, it is a serious threat to the safety of ecosystems. To promote quinoline reduction, zero-valent iron (ZVI) was introduced into an anaerobic digestion (AD) system through batch experiments. The performance of three different types of ZVI (i.e., iron powder, iron scrap and rusty iron scrap) on quinoline degradation, methane production, formation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated systematically. Compared to the AD system alone, quinoline and COD removal as well as the production of methane and acetic acid were effectively enhanced by ZVI, especially rusty iron scrap. The removal efficiencies of quinoline and COD were increased by 28.6% and 19.9%, respectively. The enhanced effects were attributed to the high accumulation of ferrous ions and high pH self-buffering capability, which were established by ZVI addition. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the functional microorganisms in the ZVI-AD system were higher than in the AD system, and the added types of ZVI played important roles in structuring the innate microbial community in waste activated sludge (WAS). Especially, high enrichment of microorganisms capable of degrading quinoline, such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus, in the coupled system was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Zhaohua Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Jierong Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Xiaochan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 Shanxi Province China +86-0351-3176581 +86-0351-3176581
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Sha L, Yu X, Liu X, Yan X, Duan J, Li Y, Zhang S. Electro-dewatering pretreatment of sludge to improve the bio-drying process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27190-27198. [PMID: 35529198 PMCID: PMC9070639 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of electro-dewatering (EDW) as a pretreatment of the subsequent bio-drying process (EB process) was investigated from the point of view of the influence of EDW on the microbial biodegradability of sludge. The results showed that suitable EDW pretreatment was beneficial for microbial growth in the sludge cake, and in the subsequent bio-drying process it increased the metabolic activity of microorganisms. However, electric field strength impacted microbial activity and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of the sludge. As the applied electric field strength increased from 20 to 60 V cm−1, the microbial activity of sludge decreased gradually but SCOD of sludge increased. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) at electric field strength of 20 V cm−1 was 8.7% higher than that of raw sludge. EDW pretreatment accelerated the drying rate of bio-drying process, and the final water content of sludge (44%) was 6.3% lower than that of non-pretreated sludge. It was observed that in the bio-drying process with an EDW pretreatment, the first peak temperature of the sludge pile was 58.7 °C at 36 h and the second peak temperature was 48.7 °C at 56 h, whereas that of the non-pretreated sludge was only 46.5 °C at 42 h and 40.3 °C at 62 h, respectively. The EDW sludge incorporating straw as a bulking agent showed promising results during bio-drying. In addition, EDW pretreatment of sludge to improve the bio-drying process showed lower energy consumption and cost. The feasibility of electro-dewatering (EDW) as a pretreatment of the subsequent bio-drying process was investigated in this study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sha
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Technical University
- Huludao 125105
- China
| | - Xingxin Liu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
| | - Xiaotong Yan
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
| | - Jingxiao Duan
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
| | - Yingte Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- China
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Battistelli AA, da Costa RE, Dalri-Cecato L, Belli TJ, Lapolli FR. Effects of electrochemical processes application on the modification of mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:2364-2373. [PMID: 30699088 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of electrochemical processes on the mixed liquor characteristics of an electro-membrane bioreactor (e-MBR) applied to municipal wastewater treatment. A laboratory-scale e-MBR was assessed under two experimental runs: without the electric field (run I) and with electric field, controlled by the application of an electric current set in 10.0 A m-2 under intermittent exposure mode of 6 minutes ON/18 minutes OFF (run II). The electric field caused approximately 55% removal of both soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), whereas the proteins/carbohydrates ratio in EPS was increased from 1.9 in the run I to 2.9 in run II, leading to an increment of flocs' hydrophobicity. Additionally, the sludge floc size average value was reduced from 42.2 μm in run I to 24.6 μm in run II, which led to a significant enhancement in the sludge settleability. As a result, the membrane fouling rate was always less than 3.80 mbar d-1 in run II, whereas in run I these values reached up to 34.7 mbar d-1. These results demonstrated that the electrochemical processes enhanced the mixed liquor filterability. Therefore, their implementation represents a great alternative to improve the operational stability of membrane bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Aguiar Battistelli
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catrina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Rayra Emanuelly da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catrina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Dalri-Cecato
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catrina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Tiago José Belli
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina, Ibirama, SC 89140-000, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rubens Lapolli
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catrina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil E-mail:
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Yu Q, Zhang Y. Ferroferric oxide triggered possible direct interspecies electron transfer between Syntrophomonas and Methanosaeta to enhance waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:79-85. [PMID: 29153653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ZVI was reported to enrich H2-utilizing methanogens that enhanced interspecies H2 transfer, while Fe(III) oxide served as a conductive material to promote direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). However, the interaction of these two modes in anaerobic digestion has not been clarified yet. In this study, when adding Fe3O4 and ZVI simultaneously into an anaerobic digester, the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens decreased drastically compared to ZVI-added digester and Fe-free digester. However, the methane production of ZVI + Fe3O4 added digester were 68.9% higher than Fe-free digester and 20.0% higher than ZVI-added digester, respectively. Sludge reduction rate of these three digesters also showed similar results. These indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was not the main reason for methanogenesis in Fe3O4-added digester. Instead, Syntrophomonas and Methanosaeta were specially enriched in Fe3O4-added digesters, which implied that the potential DIET between Syntrophomonas and Methanosaeta was likely a crucial reason for accelerating anaerobic digestion of waste sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Liu H, Chen N, Feng C, Tong S, Li R. Impact of electro-stimulation on denitrifying bacterial growth and analysis of bacterial growth kinetics using a modified Gompertz model in a bio-electrochemical denitrification reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:344-353. [PMID: 28249188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of electro-stimulation on denitrifying bacterial growth in a bio-electrochemical reactor, and the growth were modeled using modified Gompertz model under different current densities at three C/Ns. It was found that the similar optimum current density of 250mA/m2 was obtained at C/N=0.75, 1.00 and 1.25, correspondingly the maximum nitrate removal efficiencies were 98.0%, 99.2% and 99.9%. Moreover, ATP content and cell membrane permeability of denitrifying bacteria were significantly increased at optimum current density. Furthermore, modified Gompertz model fitted well with the microbial growth curves, and the highest maximum growth rates (µmax) and shorter lag time were obtained at the optimum current density for all C/Ns. This study demonstrated that the modified Gompertz model could be used for describing microbial growth under different current densities and C/Ns in a bio-electrochemical denitrification reactor, and it provided an alternative for improving the performance of denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuang Tong
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Membrane bioreactors – A review on recent developments in energy reduction, fouling control, novel configurations, LCA and market prospects. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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The Influence of Micro-Oxygen Addition on Desulfurization Performance and Microbial Communities during Waste-Activated Sludge Digestion in a Rusty Scrap Iron-Loaded Anaerobic Digester. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ibeid S, Elektorowicz M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Impact of electrocoagulation of soluble microbial products on membrane fouling at different volatile suspended solids' concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:385-393. [PMID: 27249093 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1195879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research had two objectives: (1) to study the combined effect of volatile suspended solids (VSS) and soluble microbial product (SMP) on membrane fouling in an attempt to explain the discrepancies of previous studies and (2) to investigate the feasibility of reducing SMP impact on membrane fouling rate by electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation successfully removed up to 55% and 90% of protein and polysaccharides, respectively, which resulted in a substantial reduction of membrane fouling rate (four times less). The results showed that at a comparable VSS concentration, membrane fouling increased with an increase in SMP. For example, for the same magnitude of VSS, membrane fouling rate was four times higher as the concentration of SMP tripled. Higher VSS concentrations were not directly responsible for higher fouling rates unless there was an increase in the SMP concentration. It was concluded that the correlation of membrane fouling with VSS alone is misleading unless accompanied with SMP concentration. Statistical analysis demonstrated that VSS impact on membrane fouling was not significant when it was considered as a single independent variable. The most accurate prediction of the membrane fouling was built by multiple regression model based on a quadratic VSS and linear SMP as independent variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Ibeid
- a Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering , Concordia University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Maria Elektorowicz
- a Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering , Concordia University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- b Department of Civil Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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Borea L, Naddeo V, Belgiorno V. Application of electrochemical processes to membrane bioreactors for improving nutrient removal and fouling control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:321-333. [PMID: 27718113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is becoming increasingly popular as wastewater treatment due to the unique advantages it offers. However, membrane fouling is being given a great deal of attention so as to improve the performance of this type of technology. Recent studies have proven that the application of electrochemical processes to MBR represents a promising technological approach for membrane fouling control. In this work, two intermittent voltage gradients of 1 and 3 V/cm were applied between two cylindrical perforated electrodes, immersed around a membrane module, at laboratory scale with the aim of investigating the treatment performance and membrane fouling formation. For comparison purposes, the reactor also operated as a conventional MBR. Mechanisms of nutrient removal were studied and membrane fouling formation evaluated in terms of transmembrane pressure variation over time and sludge relative hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the impact of electrochemical processes on transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), proposed as a new membrane fouling precursor, was investigated in addition to conventional fouling precursors such as bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). All the results indicate that the integration of electrochemical processes into a MBR has the advantage of improving the treatment performance especially in terms of nutrient removal, with an enhancement of orthophosphate (PO4-P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal efficiencies up to 96.06 and 69.34 %, respectively. A reduction of membrane fouling was also observed with an increase of floc hydrophobicity to 71.72 %, a decrease of membrane fouling precursor concentrations, and, thus, of membrane fouling rates up to 54.33 %. The relationship found between TEP concentration and membrane fouling rate after the application of electrochemical processes confirms the applicability of this parameter as a new membrane fouling indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Molecular and ionic-scale chemical mechanisms behind the role of nitrocyl group in the electrochemical removal of heavy metals from sludge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31828. [PMID: 27550724 PMCID: PMC4994118 DOI: 10.1038/srep31828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical basis for improved removal rates of toxic heavy metals such as Zn and Cu from wastewater secondary sludge has been demonstrated in this study. Instead of using excess corrosive chemicals as the source of free nitrous acid (FNA) for improved solubility of heavy metals in the sludge (in order to enhance electrokinetics), an optimized use of aqua regia has been proposed as an alternative. Fragments of nitrocyl group originated from aqua regia are responsible for the disruption of biogenic mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and this disruption resulted in enhanced removal of exposed and oxidized metal ions. A diversity of nitric oxide (NO), peroxy nitrous acid, and peroxy nitroso group are expected to be introduced in the mixed liquor by the aqua regia for enhanced electrochemical treatment. The effects of pectin as a post treatment on the Zn removal from sludge were also presented for the first time. Results revealed 63.6% Cu and 93.7% Zn removal efficiencies, as compared to 49% Cu and 74% Zn removal efficiencies reported in a recent study. Also, 93.3% reduction of time-to-filter (TTF), and 95 mL/g of sludge volume index (SVI) were reported. The total operating cost obtained was USD 1.972/wet ton.
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Hua LC, Huang C, Su YC, Nguyen TNP, Chen PC. Effects of electro-coagulation on fouling mitigation and sludge characteristics in a coagulation-assisted membrane bioreactor. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ibeid S, Elektorowicz M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Electro-conditioning of activated sludge in a membrane electro-bioreactor for improved dewatering and reduced membrane fouling. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Feki E, Khoufi S, Loukil S, Sayadi S. Improvement of anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge by using H₂O₂ oxidation, electrolysis, electro-oxidation and thermo-alkaline pretreatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14717-14726. [PMID: 25982985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Disintegration of municipal waste-activated sludge (WAS) is regarded as a prerequisite of the anaerobic digestion process to reduce sludge volume and improve biogas yield. Pretreatment of WAS using thermo-alkaline (TA), H2O2 oxidation, electrolysis and electro-oxidation (EO) processes were investigated and compared in term of COD solubilization and biogas production. For each pretreatment, the influences of different operational variables were studied in detail. At optimum conditions, EO gave the maximum COD solubilization (28 %). The effects of pretreatments under the optimum conditions on anaerobic digestion were experienced with biochemical methane potential assay. Significant increases in biogas yield up to 78 and 40 % were observed respectively in the EO and TA pretreated samples compared to raw sludge. Results clearly revealed that the application of EO is a significant alternative method for the improvement of WAS anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Feki
- Environmental Bioprocess Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Khoufi
- Environmental Bioprocess Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Slim Loukil
- Environmental Bioprocess Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Environmental Bioprocess Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Tafti AD, Seyyed Mirzaii SM, Andalibi MR, Vossoughi M. Optimized coupling of an intermittent DC electric field with a membrane bioreactor for enhanced effluent quality and hindered membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Huang J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Ma J, Wu Z. A novel composite conductive microfiltration membrane and its anti-fouling performance with an external electric field in membrane bioreactors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9268. [PMID: 25784160 PMCID: PMC4363883 DOI: 10.1038/srep09268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fouling remains an obstacle to wide-spread applications of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment and reclamation. Herein, we report a simple method to prepare a composite conductive microfiltration (MF) membrane by introducing a stainless steel mesh into a polymeric MF membrane and to effectively control its fouling by applying an external electric field. Linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses showed that this conductive membrane had very good electrochemical properties. Batch tests demonstrated its anti-fouling ability in filtration of bovine serum albumin, sodium alginate, humic acid and silicon dioxide particles as model foulants. The fouling rate in continuous-flow MBRs treating wastewater was also decreased by about 50% for this conductive membrane with 2 V/cm electric field compared to the control test during long-term operation. The enhanced electrostatic repulsive force between foulants and membrane, in-situ cleaning by H2O2 generated from oxygen reduction, and decreased production of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances contributed to fouling mitigation in this MBR. The results of this study shed light on the control strategy of membrane fouling for achieving a sustainable operation of MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xingran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Zero valent iron significantly enhances methane production from waste activated sludge by improving biochemical methane potential rather than hydrolysis rate. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8263. [PMID: 25652244 PMCID: PMC4317694 DOI: 10.1038/srep08263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion has been widely applied for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, methane production from anaerobic digestion of WAS is usually limited by the slow hydrolysis rate and/or poor biochemical methane potential of WAS. This work systematically studied the effects of three different types of zero valent iron (i.e., iron powder, clean scrap and rusty scrap) on methane production from WAS in anaerobic digestion, by using both experimental and mathematical approaches. The results demonstrated that both the clean and the rusty iron scrap were more effective than the iron powder for improving methane production from WAS. Model-based analysis showed that ZVI addition significantly enhanced methane production from WAS through improving the biochemical methane potential of WAS rather than its hydrolysis rate. Economic analysis indicated that the ZVI-based technology for enhancing methane production from WAS is economically attractive, particularly considering that iron scrap can be freely acquired from industrial waste. Based on these results, the ZVI-based anaerobic digestion process of this work could be easily integrated with the conventional chemical phosphorus removal process in wastewater treatment plant to form a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach, enabling maximum resource recovery/reuse while achieving enhanced methane production in wastewater treatment system.
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Quan X, Chen S. Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge digestion by the addition of zero valent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 52:242-50. [PMID: 24275106 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is promising technology to recover energy from waste activated sludge. However, the sludge digestion is limited by its low efficiency of hydrolysis-acidification. Zero valent iron (ZVI) as a reducing material is expected to enhance anaerobic process including the hydrolysis-acidification process. Considering that, ZVI was added into an anaerobic sludge digestion system to accelerate the sludge digestion in this study. The results indicated that ZVI effectively enhanced the decomposition of protein and cellulose, the two main components of the sludge. Compared to the control test without ZVI, the degradation of protein increased 21.9% and the volatile fatty acids production increased 37.3% with adding ZVI. More acetate and less propionate are found during the hydrolysis-acidification with ZVI. The activities of several key enzymes in the hydrolysis and acidification increased 0.6-1 time. ZVI made the methane production raise 43.5% and sludge reduction ratio increase 12.2 percent points. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the abundances of hydrogen-consuming microorganisms including homoacetogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens with ZVI were higher than the control, which reduced the H2 accumulation to create a beneficial condition for the sludge digestion in thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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34
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Hasan SW, Elektorowicz M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Start-up period investigation of pilot-scale submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) treating raw municipal wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 97:71-77. [PMID: 24290298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) is a new hybrid technology for wastewater treatment employing electrical field and microfiltration in a nutrient-removing activated sludge process. A pilot SMEBR system was located at the wastewater treatment plant in the City of l'Assomption (Quebec, Canada) with the objective of investigating the start-up period performance under variable organic loadings and environmental conditions with respect to effluent quality, membrane fouling, and sludge properties. The pilot SMEBR facility was fed with the raw de-gritted municipal wastewater. At steady state operation, the removal efficiencies of ammonia (as NH3(+)-N), phosphorus (as PO4(3-)-P), and COD were 99%, 99%, and 92%, respectively. No substantial increase in the monitored transmembrane pressure as 0.02kPad(-1) was reported. The time necessary to filter 100mL of the sludge sample has decreased by 78% after treatment whilst the sludge volume index averaged 119mLg(-1). Energy requirements were in the range of 1.1-1.6kWhm(-3) of wastewater. It was concluded that the SMEBR is a very competitive technology when compared to conventional membrane systems as it can enhance treatment performance to an appreciable extent, remove phosphorus and reduce fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWATER), Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maria Elektorowicz
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
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35
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Ibeid S, Elektorowicz M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Novel electrokinetic approach reduces membrane fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6358-6366. [PMID: 24011406 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) was built to reduce membrane fouling through a combination of various electrokinetic processes. The objective of this research was to assess the capability of SMEBR to reduce fouling under different process conditions. At the bench scale level, using synthetic wastewater, membrane fouling of the SMEBR was compared to the fouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in five runs. Different protein concentrations in the influent synthetic wastewater were selected to develop different membrane fouling potentials: high (240 mg/l), low (80 mg/l) and zero protein addition. The MBR and SMEBR were operated at a flux equal to the membrane critical flux in order to create high fouling rate conditions. Membrane fouling rate, expressed as the change in the trans-membrane pressure per day (kPa/d), decreased in the SMEBR 5.8 times (standard deviation (SD) = 2.4) for high protein wastewater, 5.1 times (SD = 2.4) for low protein content, and 1.3 times (SD = 0.7) for zero protein, when compared to the MBR. The supernatant concentrations of the soluble microbial products (SMP) were 195-210, 65-135 and less than 65 mg/l in respective experimental series. Following the bench scale study, membrane fouling was assessed in a pilot scale SMEBR, fed with raw un-clarified municipal wastewater, and operated under real-sewage variable quality conditions. The pilot SMEBR exhibited three times smaller membrane fouling rate than the MBR. It was concluded that electrokinetic processes generated by SMEBR led to a reduction of membrane fouling through: i) removal of soluble microbial products (mainly protein and polysaccharides) and colloidal organic materials; ii) change of the structure and morphology of the suspended solids due their conditioning by DC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Ibeid
- Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada H3G 1M8.
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36
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Zhen GY, Lu XQ, Li YY, Zhao YC. Innovative combination of electrolysis and Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation for improving the dewaterability of waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:654-663. [PMID: 23570713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of electrolysis integrated with Fe(II)-activated persulfate (S2O8(2-)) oxidation to improve waste activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability was evaluated. The physicochemical properties (sludge volume (SV), total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS)) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including slime EPS, loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were characterized to identify their exact roles in sludge dewatering. While dewaterability negatively corresponded to LB-EPS, TB-EPS, protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, it was independent of SV, TSS, VSS, slime EPS and PN/PS. Further study through scanning electron microscope (SEM) verified the entrapment of bacterial cells by TB-EPS, protecting them against electrolysis disruption. Comparatively, electrolysis integrated with S2O8(2-)/Fe(II) oxidation was able to effectively disrupt the protective barrier and crack the entrapped cells, releasing the water inside EPS and cells. Therefore, the destruction of both TB-EPS and cells is the fundamental reason for the enhanced dewaterability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yin Zhen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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