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Li Q, Zhu Y, Jiang N, Li J, Liu Y, Chen X, Xu X, Wang H, Ma Y, Huang M. Enhanced Sb(V) removal of sulfate-rich wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge assisted with Fe/C amendment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172113. [PMID: 38580110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and sulfate are two common pollutants in Sb mine drainage and Sb-containing textile wastewater. In this paper, it was found that iron‑carbon (Fe/C) enhanced Sb(V) removal from sulfate-rich wastewater by anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS). Sulfate inhibited Sb(V) removal (S + Sb, k = 0.101), while Fe/C alleviated the inhibition and increased Sb(V) removal rate by 2.3 times (Fe/C + S + Sb, k = 0.236). Fe/C could promote the removal of Sb(III), and Sb(III) content decreased significantly after 8 h. Meanwhile, Fe/C enhanced the removal of sulfate. The 3D-EEM spectrum of supernatant in Fe/C + S + Sb group (at 24 h) showed that Fe/C stimulated the production of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater. SMP alleviated the inhibition of sulfate, promoting AnGS to reduce Sb(V). Sb(V) could be reduced to Sb(III) both by AnGS and sulfides produced from sulfate reduction. Further analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and AnGS showed that Fe/C increased the adsorbed Sb(V) in EPS and the c-type cytochrome content in AnGS, which may be beneficial for Sb(V) removal. Sb(V) reduction in Fe/C + S + Sb group may be related to the genus Acinetobacter, while in Sb group, several bacteria may be involved in Sb(V) reduction, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium. This study provided insights into Fe/C-enhanced Sb(V) removal from sulfate-rich wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huangyingzi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yimeng Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Manhong Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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2
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Xu R, Fang F, Wang L, Luo J, Cao J. Insight into the interaction between trimethoprim and soluble microbial products produced from biological wastewater treatment processes. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:130-138. [PMID: 36182123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soluble microbial products (SMPs), dissolved organic matter excreted by activated sludge, can interact with antibiotics in wastewater and natural water bodies. Interactions between SMPs and antibiotics can influence antibiotic migration, transformation, and toxicity but the mechanisms involved in such interactions are not fully understood. In this study, integrated spectroscopy approaches were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in interactions between SMPs and a representative antibiotic, trimethoprim (TMP), which has a low biodegradation rate and has been detected in wastewater. The results of liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection indicated that the SMPs used in the study contained 15% biopolymers and 28% humic-like substances (based on the total dissolved organic carbon concentration) so would have contained sites that could interact with TMP. A linear relationship of fluorescent intensities of tryptophan protein-like substances in SMP was observed (R2>0.99), indicating that the fluorescence enhancement between SMP and TMP occurred. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that carboxyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups were the main functional groups involved in the interactions. The electrostatic and π-π interactions were discovered by the UV-vis spectra and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Structural representations of the interactions between representative SMP subcomponents and TMP were calculated using density functional theory, and the results confirmed the conclusions drawn from the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The results help characterize SMP-TMP complexes and will help understand antibiotic transformations in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Zhou M, Shi Q, Wang Y. Application of hydrophilic modified nylon fabric membrane in an anammox-membrane bioreactor: performance and fouling characteristics. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:5330-5344. [PMID: 34420166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The membrane fouling is the main bottleneck hindering the wide applications of anammox-membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this study, surface-coating hydrophilic modification of the membrane using polyvinyl alcohol was applied in a granular anammox-MBR. Stable anammox performance of >77% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved in both original and modified MBRs, along with decreasing anammox granule size. The modified membrane exhibited superior flux performance, and the membrane foulants were reduced in the MBR operation. Specifically, the foulant formation rate (f) was 0.46 g·m-2·d-1 for the modified membrane with 100-μm coating thickness (M100) compared with 0.75 g·m-2·d-1 for the original membrane (M0). However, the fouling cycle of the modified membrane with 250-μm coating thickness (M250) was greatly shortened (5 days compared with 19 days for M0) and f increased to 1.25 g·m-2·d-1. Specially, the excess adhesion of exopolysaccharides and humic substances to the hydrophilic modified membrane changed the fouling layer structure and filtration resistance distribution, ultimately causing higher filtration resistance when coating thickness increased. Notably, the flux decline contribution of the concentration polarization was only 33.3% for M0, while it was 71.3% for M250. Finally, it was revealed that using a modified membrane increased the biological secretion rate of polysaccharide but decreased the protein bio-production rate, leading to a high PS (polysaccharide)/PN (protein) ratio in the MBR. The fouling mechanism of the hydrophilic modified membrane applied in anammox-MBR was proposed, and we highlight that the degree of hydrophilic modification is crucial to mitigating membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Ren T, Chi Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Jin X, Jin P. Diversified metabolism makes novel Thauera strain highly competitive in low carbon wastewater treatment. Water Res 2021; 206:117742. [PMID: 34653797 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thauera, as one of the core members of wastewater biological treatment systems, plays an important role in the process of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low-carbon source sewage. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of Thauera's metabolic pathway and genomics. Here we report on the newly isolated Thauera sp. RT1901, which is capable of denitrification using variety carbon sources including aromatic compounds. By comparing the denitrification processes under the conditions of insufficient, adequate and surplus carbon sources, it was found that strain RT1901 could simultaneously use soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as electron donors for denitrification. Strain RT1901 was also found to be a denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacterium, able to use nitrate, nitrite, or oxygen as electron acceptors during poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) catabolism. The annotated genome was used to reconstruct the complete nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism pathways of RT1901. In the process of denitrifying phosphorus accumulation, glycolysis was the only pathway for glycogen metabolism, and the glyoxylic acid cycle replaced the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) to supplement the reduced energy. In addition, the abundance of conventional phosphorus accumulating bacteria decreased significantly and the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased after the addition of RT1901 in the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of anaerobic aerobic anoxic-sequencing batch reactor (AOA-SBR). This research indicated that the diverse metabolic capabilities of Thauera made it more competitive than other bacteria in the wastewater treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Yulei Chi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China.
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5
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Maqbool T, Ly QV, Asif MB, Ng HY, Zhang Z. Fate and role of fluorescence moieties in extracellular polymeric substances during biological wastewater treatment: A review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 718:137291. [PMID: 32087584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In biological wastewater treatment systems, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are continuously excreted as a response to environmental changes and substrate conditions. It could severely affect the treatment efficacy such as membrane fouling, dewaterability and the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). The heterogeneous dissolved organic matter (DOM) with varying size and chemical nature constitute a primary proportion of EPS. In the last few decades, fluorescence spectroscopy has received increasing attention for characterizing these organic substances due to the attractive features of this low-cost spectroscopic approach, including easy sample handling, rapid, non-destructive and highly sensitive nature. In this review, we summarize the application of fluorescence spectroscopy for characterizing EPS and provide the potential implications for online monitoring of water quality along with its limitations. We also link the dynamics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in EPS with operational and environmental changes in wastewater treatment systems as well as their associations with metal binding, membrane fouling, adsorption, toxicity, and dewaterability. The multiple modes of exploration of fluorescence spectra, such as synchronous spectra with or without coupling with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) deconvoluted fluorescence regional integration (FRI), and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) are also discussed. The potential fluorescence indicators to depict the composition and bulk characteristics of EPS are also of interest. Further studies are highly recommended to expand the application of fluorescence spectroscopy paired with appropriate supplementary techniques to fully unravel the underlying mechanisms associated with EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Kunacheva C, Soh YNA, Stuckey DC. Identification of soluble microbial products (SMPs) from the fermentation and methanogenic phases of anaerobic digestion. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134177. [PMID: 31783466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The production and transformation of Soluble Microbial Products (SMPs) in biological treatment systems is complex, and their genesis and reasons for production are still unclear. SMPs are important since they constitute the main fraction of effluent COD (both aerobic and anaerobic), and hence are the main precursors for disinfection by-products (DBPs). In addition, they are a key component of fouling in membrane bioreactors. Hence, it is important to identify the chemical composition of SMPs, determine their origin, and understand what system parameters influence their production so we can possibly develop strategies to control their production. This study focuses on the production and identification of SMPs in an anaerobic batch process being fed a synthetic feed. To further understand the origins of SMPs, and how they are produced, we analysed the processes of fermentation and methanogenesis independently which has never been done in detail before. SMP concentration, molecular weight distribution and carbohydrate analyses were used to estimate the amount of SMPs in the supernatants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-ToF) were used to identify many of the SMPs which have relative masses up to 2 kDa. Our results showed that fermentation released much higher SMP concentrations compared to methanogenesis, especially in the range of 70 k-1000 k Da and 106-1500 Da. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, acids, and nitrogen-compounds were the major group of compounds identified in the supernatant of both fermentation and methanogenesis, and 71% of the compounds identified were found in both phases of digestion. Results from LC-ESI-Q-ToF analysis identified components of the cell membrane, such as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, as well as other compounds such as flavonoids, acylglycerol, terpene and terpenoids, benzenoid, glyceride, steroid and steroid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Y N A Soh
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - D C Stuckey
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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7
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Ly QV, Nghiem LD, Cho J, Maqbool T, Hur J. Organic carbon source-dependent properties of soluble microbial products in sequencing batch reactors and its effects on membrane fouling. J Environ Manage 2019; 244:40-47. [PMID: 31108309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of three different organic carbon sources including sodium acetate (SOD), glucose (GLU), and starch (STAR), on soluble microbial products (SMP), which presumably have dissimilar uptake rates and metabolic pathways, in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and their subsequent effects on membrane fouling of ultrafiltration (UF). SMP were mainly characterized by fluorescence excitation emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). SMP produced in SOD-fed SBR showed higher abundances of protein-like fluorescent component and large sized aliphatic biopolymer (BP) than GLU- or STAR-fed counterpart did, while the STAR-based operation resulted in more SMP enriched with humic-like fluorescence. The differences in SMP exerted marked effects on UF membrane fouling as indicated by the highest fouling potential with reversibility shown for the SMP from the SOD-fed reactor. Regardless of the carbon source, BP fraction and protein-like component exhibited the greatest extent of reversible fouling, suggesting that size exclusion plays a critical role. However, notable differences in the reversible fouling propensity of relatively smaller size fractions among the three SBRs signified the possible involvement of chemical interactions as a secondary fouling mechanism and its dependency on different carbon sources. Our results provide a new insight into the roles of carbon sources in the characteristics of SMP in biological treatment systems and their effects on the post-treatment using membrane filtration, which is ultimately beneficial to the optimization of biological treatment design and membrane filtration operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Ding X, Wei D, Guo W, Wang B, Meng Z, Feng R, Du B, Wei Q. Biological denitrification in an anoxic sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Performance evaluation, nitrous oxide emission and microbial community. Bioresour Technol 2019; 285:121359. [PMID: 31015181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the performance of biological denitrification in an anoxic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (ASBBR) and its nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. After 90 days operation, the effluent chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies high of 94.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Both polysaccharides and protein contents were reduced in bound EPS (TB-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) after biofilm formation. According to typical cycle, N2O release rate was related to the free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration with the maximum value of 3.88 μg/min and total conversion rate of 1.27%. Two components were identified from EEM-PARAFAC model in soluble microbial products (SMP). Protein-like substances for component 1 changed significantly in denitrification process, whereas humic-like and fulvic acid-like substances for component 2 remained relatively stable. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Lysobacter, Tolumonas and Thauera were the dominant genera, indicating the co-existence of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers in ASBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Ding
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Zijun Meng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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Zhang HL, Jiang WL, Liu R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y. Organic degradation and extracellular products of pure oxygen aerated activated sludge under different F/M conditions. Bioresour Technol 2019; 279:189-194. [PMID: 30735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of food to microorganisms rate (F/M) on organic removal, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) of the pure oxygen aerated activated sludge running in batch mode. The F/M rates were controlled by adjusting the MLSS concentrations (2000, 5000, 8000 mg/L) and/or the initial TOC concentrations (100, 500 mg/L). Results showed that at high F/M rate (0.25 kg TOC/kg MLSS), the substrate degradation rate in the oxygen aerated reactor could reach 1.347 mg TOC/(L·min)), much higher than that in the air aerated reactor (0.640 mg TOC/(L·min)). The SMP concentrations with oxygen aeration were also higher than those with air aeration under high F/M conditions. The total EPS contents in the pure oxygen aerated sludge were significantly lower regardless of the different F/M rates. High F/M condition would lead to more amount of polysaccharides synthesis rather than proteins synthesis in EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, MEP, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei-Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Liu J, Liang X, Yang C, Yu S, Guo H. Tracing membrane biofouling to the microbial community structure and its metabolic products: An investigation on the three-stage MBR combined with worm reactor process. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:165-174. [PMID: 30690259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biofouling characteristics of an MBR (S-MBR) combined with the worm reactor and a conventional MBR (C-MBR) were analyzed, respectively, over the three-stage (fast-slow-fast) process. Whether it was in the C-MBR or the S-MBR, the species of the active sludge (AS) were similar to that of the cake sludge (CS) in stage 1 (before day 1), the bacterial adsorption and the metabolites attachment contributed to this transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise. In the stage 2, the TMP increasing rate of the C-MBR was eight times more than that of the S-MBR. During this period, a characteristic community colonized the AS and CS of the S-MBR with the microbes, ie Flavobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi which were responsible for the degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). These dominant species caused the slower accumulation of biofouling metabolites in the CS, resulting in the slow rise-related in TMP. Meanwhile, the enrichment of β-proteobacterium and the absence of Mycobacterium and Propionibacterium in AS and CS of the C-MBR were deemed as the main biological factors bringing about the rise-associated in TMP. In the stage 3, the biofilm was matured, and the cake layer was more compacted, which resulted in an abrupt rise in TMP and severe membrane fouling. Additionally, the statistical analysis revealed that a highly correlation between the TMP increasing rate and the content of carbonhydrates in SMP (SMPc). When the SMPc content increased slowly, there was a relatively slow biofouling. But, when the SMPc increasing rate was greater, it led to a more serious membrane fouling with the sudden TMP jump. Additionally, there was also a highly significant correlation coefficient for the TMP rise and the content of carbonhydrates in EPS (EPSc) and the protein in SMP (SMPp), rather than the protein in EPS (EPSp). The cluster analysis showed that the microbes contributing to membrane fouling were more abundant in the C-MBR, while the microbes related to organic compounds degradation were more abundant in the S-MBR. There was significant correlation between the microbes and their metabolites. The SMPc in conjunction with EPSc and SMPp were the main factors accelerating the membrane fouling. It was concluded that a quick rise in SMPc triggered an abrupt increase in TMP, while the EPSc and SMPp caused the sustained increase in TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Xiongwei Liang
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shaopeng Yu
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, 109 Zhongxing Road, Harbin 150086, China
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Qian J, Zhou J, Pei X, Zhang M, Liu Y. Bioactivities and formation/utilization of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the biological sulfate reduction under different conditions. Chemosphere 2019; 221:37-44. [PMID: 30634147 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological sulfate reduction (BSR) plays a critical role in the organic compound removal in the sulfur bioconversion-associated sewage treatment process. The soluble microbial products (SMP) are the major components of residual organic compounds in the secondary treatment effluent and its presence directly affects treatment capacity. In addition, the SMP could be one of the available organic substrates and be utilized as an electron donor in the bioreactions. However, the SMP formation and utilization in the BSR are poorly understood. Herein, the BSR activities and SMP generation/utilization were simultaneously investigated under different conditions, i.e. pH, temperature and ratio of organic carbon (C) to sulfur (S). The role of SMP as the electron donor for BSR was also identified. The higher BSR activities and rapid SMP synthesis were found under neutral and alkaline conditions, but the SMP utilization as the electron donor is not favorable at pH 7.0. The BSR activity became higher and more SMP was synthesized by raising the temperature. The ratio of C to S rarely affected the sulfidogenic activity but has an effect on the net SMP generation (total SMP generation - SMP consumption by SBR as the electron donor). The lower ratio of C/S could result in the low residual SMP level in the reactor. And the SMP-induced BSR activity was higher under the acid and alkaline conditions compared with the neutral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, China; Research and Development Institute in Shenzhen & School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China.
| | - Junmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Xiangjun Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, China.
| | - Mingkuan Zhang
- Research and Development Institute in Shenzhen & School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Ly QV, Nghiem LD, Sibag M, Maqbool T, Hur J. Effects of COD/N ratio on soluble microbial products in effluent from sequencing batch reactors and subsequent membrane fouling. Water Res 2018; 134:13-21. [PMID: 29407647 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relative ratios of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (N) in wastewater are known to have profound effects on the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) from activated sludge. In this study, the changes in the SMP characteristics upon different COD/N ratios and the subsequent effects on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling potentials were examined in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Three unique fluorescent components were identified from the SMP samples in the bioreactors operated at the COD/N ratios of 100/10 (N rich), 100/5 (N medium), and 100/2 (N deficient). The tryptophan-like component (C1) was the most depleted at the N medium condition. Fulvic-like (C2) and humic-like (C3) components were more abundant with N rich wastewater. Greater abundances of large size biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) were found under the N deficient and N rich conditions, respectively. SMPs from various COD/N exhibited a greater degree on membrane fouling following the order of 100/2 > 100/10 > 100/5. C1 and C2 had close associations with reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively, while the reversible fouling potential of C3 depended on the COD/N ratios. No significant impact of COD/N ratio was observed on the relative contributions of SMP size fractions to either reversible or irreversible fouling potential. However, the COD/N ratios likely altered the BP foulants' composition with greater contribution of proteinaceous substances to reversible fouling under the N deficient condition than at other N richer conditions. The opposite trend was observed for irreversible fouling. Our results provided further insight into changes in different SMP constitutes and their membrane fouling in response to microbial activities under different COD/N ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mark Sibag
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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13
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Dong H, Wei D, Wei J, Han F, Yan T, Khan MS, Du B, Wei Q. Qualitative and quantitative spectrometric evaluation of soluble microbial products formation in aerobic granular sludge system treating nitrate wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018. [PMID: 29523965 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In present study, the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) were evaluated in aerobic granular sludge system during denitrification process under different chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Batch experiment showed that the effluent nitrate (NO3--N) concentration were 15.24 ± 1.83 and 1.72 ± 1.53 mg/L at C/N ratio of 1 and 6, respectively. For the release of SMP, the protein (PN) and polysaccharide contents increased from 1.23 ± 0.38 and 7.46 ± 1.13 mg/L to 1.80 ± 0.76 and 10.53 ± 1.24 mg/L with increasing C/N ratios, respectively. Excitation-emission matrix identified four peaks in SMP, including aromatic PN-like, tryptophan PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances. Fluorescence regional integration suggested that biodegradable PN-like substances occupied the percentage between 53.0 and 61.7% in SMP. Synchronous fluorescence spectra coupled with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy indicated that the release of SMP fractions in the early stage (0-150 min) changed in the following sequences: PN-like fraction > fulvic acid-like fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinglin Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Malik Saddam Khan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction and Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction and Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang L, Wang L, Shi Q, Yu H. Purification and molecular weight distribution of a key exopolysaccharide component of Bacillus megaterium TF10. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:9-15. [PMID: 29406121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are organic metabolic compounds excreted by microorganisms. They largely impact microbial aggregate structures and functions. Extracellular polysaccharides (EP) in EPS are responsible for the formation of microbial aggregates. In this work, we successfully separated and characterized EP from EPS of the bacterium Bacillus megaterium TF10. Extraction of EP from EPS was optimized using Sevag's reagent. Chemical characteristics, functional groups, and molecular weight (MW) distribution of EP were compared with the harvested EPS and soluble microbial products (SMP). We found that the polymers of lower MW and free proteins were successfully removed by Sevag's reagent. The higher MW components of EPS were predominantly polysaccharides, while the polymers of lower MW tended to secrete to the supernatant and were described as SMP. A part of the proteins in the EP was polysaccharide-bonded. Our results can be further used in elucidating the complex flocculation mechanisms in which EP play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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15
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Juntawang C, Rongsayamanont C, Khan E. Entrapped cells-based-anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater: Performances, fouling, and bacterial community structure. Chemosphere 2017; 187:147-155. [PMID: 28846970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale study on treatment performances and fouling of entrapped cells-based-anaerobic membrane bioreactor (E-AnMBR) in comparison with suspended cells-based-bioreactor (S-AnMBR) treating domestic wastewater was conducted. The difference between E-AnMBR and S-AnMBR was the uses of cells entrapped in phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol versus planktonic cells. Bulk organic removal efficiencies by the two AnMBRs were comparable. Lower concentrations of suspended biomass, bound extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products in E-AnMBR resulted in less fouling compared to S-AnMBR. S-AnMBR provided 7 days of operation time versus 11 days for E-AnMBR before chemical cleaning was required. The less frequent chemical cleaning potentially leads to a longer membrane life-span for E-AnMBR compared to S-AnMBR. Phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant in cake sludge from both AnMBRs but their abundances were different between the two AnMBRs, suggesting influence of cell entrapment on the bacteria community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaipon Juntawang
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Chaiwat Rongsayamanont
- Research Center for Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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16
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Zhang D, Zhou Y, Bugge TV, Mayanti B, Yang A, Poh LS, Gao X, Majid MBA, Ng WJ. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a sequencing batch reactor with novel cake filtration system. Chemosphere 2017; 184:1286-1297. [PMID: 28672727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation, composition and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMPs) were investigated in a novel system which coupled a sequencing batch reactor with a cake filtration system. Both suspended solids (SS) and turbidity were significantly removed, resulting in effluent SS of 0.12 mg L-1 and turbidity of 0.72 NTU after cake filtration. The average concentrations of proteins and carbohydrates decreased respectively from 4.0 ± 0.4 and 7.1 ± 0.6 mg/L in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) mixed liquor, to 0.85 ± 0.21 and 1.39 ± 0.29 mg/L in the cake filtration effluent. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distribution of SMPs revealed a substantial reduction in the intensity of high-MW peaks (503 and 22.71 kDa) after cake filtration, which implied the sludge cake layer and the underlying gel layer may play a role in the effectiveness of cake filtration beyond the physical phenomenon. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that polycarboxylate- and polyaromatic humic acids were the dominant compounds and a noticeable decrease in the fraction of these compounds was observed in the cake filtration effluent. Analysis with GC-MS set for detecting low-MW SMPs identified aromatics, alcohols, alkanes and esters as the dominant compounds. SMPs exhibited both biodegradable and recalcitrant characteristics. More SMPs (total number of 91) were accumulated during the SBR start-up stage. A noticeable increase in the aromatic fractions was seen in the SBR effluent accoutring for 39% of total compounds, compared to the SBR mixed liquor (28%). Fewer compounds (total number of 66) were identified in cake filtration effluent compared to the SBR effluent (total number of 75).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Bening Mayanti
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Adrian Yang
- Grundfos (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 25 Jalan Tukang, Singapore, 619264, Singapore
| | - Leong Soon Poh
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Xin Gao
- Grundfos (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 25 Jalan Tukang, Singapore, 619264, Singapore
| | - Maszenan Bin Abdul Majid
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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17
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Dong H, Zhang K, Han X, Du B, Wei Q, Wei D. Achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Chemosphere 2017; 183:212-218. [PMID: 28549327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate achievement, performance and characteristics of microbial products in a partial nitrification sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). After 100 days long-term operation, the effluent NO2--N/NH4+N ratio of the reactor was average at 1.3 and NO3--N concentration was low by controlling low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which was considered as the ideal influent for anammox. Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) implied that (SOUR)NH4 and (SOUR)NO2 of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in sludge changed from 21.73 ± 0.52 and 27.39 ± 0.50 O2/g SS/h to 36.37 ± 0.85 and 12.04 ± 0.17 O2/g SS/h, respectively. The main compositions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), including proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS), were both reduced during the achievement of partial nitrification. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that PN-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances were identified in both EPS and SMP, and their fluorescence intensities changed significantly after partial nitrification achievement. It was found from typical cycle that free ammonia (FA) may play a significant role on inhibiting the activity of NOB. The obtained results could provide more information on the performance of partial nitrification through the characteristics of microbial products when treating high ammonium wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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18
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Kim M, Wu G, Yoo C. Quantification of nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production by a modified AOB-NOB-N 2O-SMP model. Bioresour Technol 2017; 227:227-238. [PMID: 28038400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model able to quantify nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and soluble microbial product (SMP) production during wastewater treatment is proposed. The modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model takes into account: (1) two-step nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), (2) N2O production by AOB denitrification under oxygen-limited conditions and (3) SMP production by microbial growth and endogenous respiration. Validity of the modified model is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). To reliably implement the modified model, a model calibration that adjusts model parameters to fit the model outputs to the experimental data is conducted. The results of this study showed that the modeling accuracy of the modified AOB-NOB-N2O-SMP model increases by 19.7% (NH4), 51.0% (NO2), 57.8% (N2O) and 16.7% (SMP) compared to the conventional model which does not consider the two-step nitrification and SMP production by microbial endogenous respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Korea Railroad Research Institute, 76, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - ChangKyoo Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Borea L, Naddeo V, Belgiorno V. Application of electrochemical processes to membrane bioreactors for improving nutrient removal and fouling control. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:321-333. [PMID: 27718113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is becoming increasingly popular as wastewater treatment due to the unique advantages it offers. However, membrane fouling is being given a great deal of attention so as to improve the performance of this type of technology. Recent studies have proven that the application of electrochemical processes to MBR represents a promising technological approach for membrane fouling control. In this work, two intermittent voltage gradients of 1 and 3 V/cm were applied between two cylindrical perforated electrodes, immersed around a membrane module, at laboratory scale with the aim of investigating the treatment performance and membrane fouling formation. For comparison purposes, the reactor also operated as a conventional MBR. Mechanisms of nutrient removal were studied and membrane fouling formation evaluated in terms of transmembrane pressure variation over time and sludge relative hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the impact of electrochemical processes on transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), proposed as a new membrane fouling precursor, was investigated in addition to conventional fouling precursors such as bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). All the results indicate that the integration of electrochemical processes into a MBR has the advantage of improving the treatment performance especially in terms of nutrient removal, with an enhancement of orthophosphate (PO4-P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal efficiencies up to 96.06 and 69.34 %, respectively. A reduction of membrane fouling was also observed with an increase of floc hydrophobicity to 71.72 %, a decrease of membrane fouling precursor concentrations, and, thus, of membrane fouling rates up to 54.33 %. The relationship found between TEP concentration and membrane fouling rate after the application of electrochemical processes confirms the applicability of this parameter as a new membrane fouling indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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20
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Li K, Wei D, Yan T, Du B, Wei Q. Responses of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances to the presence of toxic 2,6-dichlorophenol in aerobic granular sludge system. J Environ Manage 2016; 183:594-600. [PMID: 27623368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the presence of toxic 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. Batch experiment showed that NH4+-N removal efficiency significantly decreased from 99.6% to 47.2% in the toxic 2,6-DCP of 20 mg/L. Moreover, the inhibition degrees of 2,6-DCP on (SOUR)H, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were 7.8%, 32.1% and 9.5%, respectively. The main components of SMP, including protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) increased from 2.3 ± 0.74 and 16.8 ± 0.12 mg/L to 66.4 ± 0.56 and 18.0 ± 0.19 mg/L in the presence of 2,6-DCP. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectroscopy identified tryptophan PN-like, humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances in the control SMP, and their fluorescence intensities increased after exposure to 2,6-DCP. Synchronous fluorescence spectra suggested that the fluorescence quenching between EPS and 2,6-DCP was a static quenching process. The obtained results could provide insightful information on the responses of microbial products to AGS in the presence of toxic chlorophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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21
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Zhang D, Trzcinski AP, Kunacheva C, Stuckey DC, Liu Y, Tan SK, Ng WJ. Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating synthetic wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds. Water Res 2016; 102:594-606. [PMID: 27479293 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the behaviour and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) in two anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs): MBRcontrol and MBRpharma, for treating municipal wastewater. Both protein and polysaccharides measured exhibited higher concentrations in the MBRpharma than the MBRcontrol. Molecular weight (MW) distribution analysis revealed that the presence of pharmaceuticals enhanced the accumulation of SMPs with macro- (13,091 kDa and 1587 kDa) and intermediate-MW (189 kDa) compounds in the anoxic MBRpharma, while a substantial decrease was observed in both MBR effluents. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence contours indicated that the exposure to pharmaceuticals seemed to stimulate the production of aromatic proteins containing tyrosine (10.1-32.6%) and tryptophan (14.7-43.1%), compared to MBRcontrol (9.9-29.1% for tyrosine; 11.8-42.5% for tryptophan). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed aromatics, long-chain alkanes and esters were the predominant SMPs in the MBRs. More peaks were present in the aerobic MBRpharma (196) than anoxic MBRpharma (133). The SMPs identified exhibited both biodegradability and recalcitrance in the MBR treatment processes. Only 8 compounds in the MBRpharma were the same as in the MBRcontrol. Alkanes were the most dominant SMPs (51%) in the MBRcontrol, while aromatics were dominant (40%) in the MBRpharma. A significant decrease in aromatics (from 16 to 7) in the MBRpharma permeate was observed, compared to the aerobic MBRpharma. Approximately 21% of compounds in the aerobic MBRcontrol were rejected by membrane filtration, while this increased to 28% in the MBRpharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Australia
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - David C Stuckey
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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22
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Maqbool T, Quang VL, Cho J, Hur J. Characterizing fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a membrane bioreactor via excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis. Bioresour Technol 2016; 209:31-39. [PMID: 26946438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully tracked the dynamic changes in different constitutes of bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and permeate during the operation of bench scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) via fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Three fluorescent groups were identified, including two protein-like (tryptophan-like C1 and tyrosine-like C2) and one microbial humic-like components (C3). In bEPS, protein-like components were consistently more dominant than C3 during the MBR operation, while their relative abundance in SMP depended on aeration intensities. C1 of bEPS exhibited a linear correlation (R(2)=0.738; p<0.01) with bEPS amounts in sludge, and C2 was closely related to the stability of sludge. The protein-like components were more greatly responsible for membrane fouling. Our study suggests that EEM-PARAFAC can be a promising monitoring tool to provide further insight into process evaluation and membrane fouling during MBR operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Viet Ly Quang
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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23
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Trzcinski AP, Ganda L, Yan Ni AS, Kunacheva C, Qing ZD, Lin LL, Tao G, Lee Y, Ng WJ. Identification of recalcitrant compounds in a pilot-scale AB system: An adsorption (A) stage followed by a biological (B) stage to treat municipal wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2016; 206:121-127. [PMID: 26851895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a comparison of the A-stage and B-stage sludges in terms of anaerobic biodegradability and low molecular weight compounds present in the supernatant using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis of A-stage and B-stage supernatants identified respectively 43 and 19 organic compounds consisting mainly of aromatics (27.9% and 21%), alcohols (25.6% and 15%) and acids (30.2% and 15%). The methane potential was found to be 349±1 mL CH4/g VS and 238±12 mL CH4/g VS, respectively. After anaerobic digestion of these sludges, a greater proportion of aromatics (42% and 58%) and a lower proportion of acids (10% and 10%) and alcohols (16% and 10%) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Lily Ganda
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Annie Soh Yan Ni
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhang Dong Qing
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Li Leonard Lin
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Guihe Tao
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Yingjie Lee
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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24
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Xie WM, Ni BJ, Sheng GP, Seviour T, Yu HQ. Quantification and kinetic characterization of soluble microbial products from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Water Res 2016; 88:703-710. [PMID: 26580086 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soluble microbial products (SMP) formed by microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) adversely affect final effluent quality and treatment efficiency. It is difficult to distinguish SMP from residual proteins, lipids and carbohydrates present in the influent that may persist during treatment. No method is currently available to determine quantitatively the extent to which SMP contribute to organic discharges from municipal WWTPs. In this work a modeling approach is presented which allows the SMP fraction of the effluent of a municipal WWTP to be quantified and described. The model is validated, in terms of utilization-associated products, biomass-associated products and extracellular polymeric substances, using influent from a municipal WWTP. SMP was found to account for, on average, 27 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), or 61% of the total COD in the WWTP effluent. Over 90% of the SMP was comprised of biomass-associated products. Five main factors influencing SMP formation in WWTP were evaluated. Neither wastewater composition nor mixed liquor suspended solids concentration was found to affect SMP production. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed for SMP formation with both solids retention time and influent COD concentration, and a negative correlation with hydraulic retention time. Thus, operating or designing WWTPs with short solids retention and long hydraulic retention times could be considered as solutions for minimizing SMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 637551 Singapore.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China.
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25
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Sun FY, Li P, Li J, Li HJ, Ou QM, Sun TT, Dong ZJ. Hybrid biofilm-membrane bioreactor (Bf-MBR) for minimization of bulk liquid-phase organic substances and its positive effect on membrane permeability. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:772-780. [PMID: 26454042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four biofilm membrane bioreactors (Bf-MBRs) with various fixed carrier volumes (C:M) were operated in parallel to investigate the effect of attached-growth mode biomass involvement to the change of liquid-phase organics characteristics and membrane permeability, by comparing with conventional MBR. The experiments displayed that C:M and co-existence of biofilm with suspended solids in Bf-MBRs resulted in slight difference in pollutants removal effectiveness, and in rather distinct biomass properties and bacterial activities. The membrane permeability and specific resistance of bulk suspension of Bf-MBRs related closely with the liquid-phase organic substance, including soluble microbial products (SMP) and biopolymer cluster (BPC). Compared with conventional MBR, Bf-MBR with proper C:M had a low total biomass content and food-chain, where biofilm formation and its dominance affected liquid-phase organics, especially through reducing their content and minimizing strongly and weakly hydrophobic components with small molecular weight, and thus to mitigate membrane fouling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - P Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - J Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - H J Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Q M Ou
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - T T Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Z J Dong
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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Wu W, Duan T, Song H, Li Y, Yu A, Zhang L, Li A. The effect of continuous Ni(II) exposure on the organic degradation and soluble microbial product (SMP) formation in two-phase anaerobic reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 33:78-87. [PMID: 26141880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase anaerobic reactor fed with glucose substrate (3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L) was used to investigate the effects of toxic metals on the degradation of organics and the soluble microbial product (SMP) formation. Low concentrations of Ni(II) (5 and 10 mg/L) promoted the acid phase, whereas high concentrations (15, 20, and 25 mg/L) exhibited an inhibitory effect on, but did not alter the fermentative method, which mainly involved the fermentation of propionic acid. The methanogenic microorganism exhibited a strong capability adapting constantly increased Ni(II) levels. The acid phase was an accumulation stage of SMP. In the absence of Ni(II), the high-molecular-weight material in the effluent SMP mainly contained polysaccharide, tryptophan, and casein. Methanogens metabolized most of the polysaccharide, the whole tryptophan content, and part of the casein, leading to the presence of humic acid and protein in effluent. After Ni(II) dosage, the protein and polysaccharide of the acid phase increased, and tryptophan changed, while casein remained stable. More protein than polysaccharide was produced, suggesting the prominent function of protein when addressing the negative effect of toxic metals. The analysis of DNA confirmed the change of bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China.
| | - Tengteng Duan
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hailiang Song
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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27
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Yu H, Qu F, Sun L, Liang H, Han Z, Chang H, Shao S, Li G. Relationship between soluble microbial products (SMP) and effluent organic matter (EfOM): characterized by fluorescence excitation emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis. Chemosphere 2015; 121:101-9. [PMID: 25481353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effluent organic matter (EfOM) originating from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is of significant concern, as it not only influences the discharge quality of WWTP but also exerts a significant effect on the efficiency of the downstream advanced treatment facilities. Soluble microbial products (SMP) is a major part of EfOM. In order to further understand the relationship between soluble microbial products (SMP) and EfOM, and in turn, to propose measures for EfOM control, the formation of SMP and EfOM in identical activated sludge sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with different feed water was investigated using fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopy matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) as well as other organic matter quantification tools. Results showed that EfOM contained not only SMP but also a considerable amount of allochthonous organic matter that derived not merely from natural organic matter (NOM). Four components in EfOM/SMP were identified by EEM-PARAFAC. Tyrosine-like substances in EfOM (Component 3, λex/em=270/316 nm) were mainly originated from utilization associated products (UAP) of SMP. Tryptophan-like substances (Component 2, λex/em=280/336 nm) as well as fulvic-like and humic-like substances in EfOM (Component 1, λex/em=240(290)/392 nm and Component 4, λex/em=260(365)/444 nm) were majorly derived from the refractory substances introduced along with the influent, among which Component 2 was stemmed from sources other than NOM. As solid retention time (SRT) increased, Component 2 and polysaccharides in SMP/EfOM decreased, while Component 4 in SMP increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Zhengshuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Senlin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
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28
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Kunacheva C, Stuckey DC. Analytical methods for soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymers (ECP) in wastewater treatment systems: a review. Water Res 2014; 61:1-18. [PMID: 24878622 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from biological processes contain a wide range of complex organic compounds, including soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymers (ECP), released during bacteria metabolism in mixed culture in bioreactors. It is important to clearly identify the primary components of SMPs and ECPs in order to understand the fundamental mechanisms of biological activity that create these compounds, and how to reduce these compounds in the effluent. In addition, these compounds constitute the main foulants in membrane bioreactors which are being used more widely around the world. A review on the extraction of ECP, characterization, and identification of SMPs and ECPs is presented, and we summarize up-to-date pretreatments and analytical methods for SMPs. Most researchers have focused more on the overall properties of SMPs and ECPs such as their concentrations, molecular weight distribution, aromaticity, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, biodegradability, and toxicity characteristics. Many studies on the identification of effluent SMPs show that most of these compounds were not present in the influent, such as humic acids, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, organic acids, amino acids, exocellular enzymes, structural components of cells and products of energy metabolism. A few groups of researchers have been working on the identification of compounds in SMPs using advanced analytical techniques such as GC-MS, LC-IT-TOF-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS. However, there is still considerably more work needed to be done analytically to fully understand the chemical characteristics of SMPs and ECPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David C Stuckey
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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29
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Ding Y, Tian Y, Li Z, Liu F, You H. Characterization of organic membrane foulants in a forward osmosis membrane bioreactor treating anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent. Bioresour Technol 2014; 167:137-143. [PMID: 24976492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two aerobic forward osmosis (FO) membrane bioreactors (MBR) were utilized to treat the effluent of mesophilic (35°C) and atmospheric (25°C) anaerobic MBRs, respectively. The results showed that the FO membrane process could significantly improve the removal efficiencies of N and P. Meanwhile, the flux decline of the FOMBR treating effluent of mesophilic AnMBR (M-FOMBR) was higher than that treating effluent of atmospheric AnMBR (P-FOMBR). The organic membrane foulants in the two FOMBRs were analyzed to understand the membrane fouling behavior in FO processes. It was found that the slightly increased accumulation of protein-like substances into external foulants did not cause faster flux decline in P-FOMBR than that in M-FOMBR. However, the quantity of organic matter tended to deposit or adsorb into FO membrane pores in P-FOMBR was less than that in M-FOMBR, which was accordance with the tendency of membrane fouling indicated by flux decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, China
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30
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Navaratna D, Shu L, Jegatheesan V. Performance of a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor consisting mixed liquor with aquatic worms under toxic conditions. Bioresour Technol 2014; 155:41-49. [PMID: 24413480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) consisting of worms was operated for 214days. The objective was to evaluate the treatment and operating performance of the MBR with and without the addition of Ametryn which is a toxic and persistent herbicide. Removal of Ametryn was doubled (up to 80%) in the MBR when the worms were present. Increased rate (2.5kPa/day) of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and low concentration of MLSS (5.5g/L) were recorded when the worm population was high (80-100 worms per 70μL). Short-term critical flux values were increased from 7.5 to 15 and then to 30L/m(2)/h when the worm numbers decreased from 90 to 35 and then to 18 per 70μL of mixed liquor respectively. Further, high levels of carbohydrate concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) and smaller sludge floc-sizes were found when the worm numbers were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimuth Navaratna
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
| | - Li Shu
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
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31
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Sharghi EA, Bonakdarpour B. The study of organic removal efficiency and halophilic bacterial mixed liquor characteristics in a membrane bioreactor treating hypersaline produced water at varying organic loading rates. Bioresour Technol 2013; 149:486-495. [PMID: 24140854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study the organic pollutant removal performance and the mixed liquor characteristics of a membrane bioreactor (MBR), employing a halophilic bacterial consortium, for the treatment of hypersaline synthetic produced water - at varying organic loading rates (OLR) from 0.3 to 2.6 kg CODm(-3)d(-1) - were considered. The oil and grease (O&G) and COD removal efficiency were 95-99% and 83-93%, respectively with only transient O&G (mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and soluble microbial products accumulation being observed. With increasing OLR, in the range 0.9-2.6 kg COD m(-3)d(-1), as a result of change in both extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and zeta potential, bioflocculating ability improved but the compressibility of the flocs decreased resulting in the occurrence of EPS bulking at the highest OLR studied. The latter resulted in a change in the rheology of the mixed liquor from Newtonian to non-Newtonian and the occurrence of significant membrane fouling.
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32
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Gao D, Fu Y, Ren N. Tracing biofouling to the structure of the microbial community and its metabolic products: a study of the three-stage MBR process. Water Res 2013; 47:6680-6690. [PMID: 24064549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The biofouling characteristics of a sequential anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) were analyzed during the three-stage process (fast-slow-fast transmembrane pressure (TMP) increasing). The results indicated: during the stage 1 (before day 1), the microbial communities in the activated sludge (AS), cake sludge (CS) and biofilm (BF) were similar to each other, and the adsorption of microbes and the metabolic products was the main factor that led to TMP increase; during the stage 2 (between day 1 and day 7), the cake layer begun to form and the TMP continued to rise gradually at a reduced rate compared to stage 1, at this point a characteristic microbial community colonized the CS with microorganisms such as Saprospiraceae and Comamonadaceae thriving on the membrane surface (BF) probably due to greater nutrient availability, and the predominance of these species in the microbial population led to the accumulation of biofouling metabolic products in the CS, which resulted in membrane fouling and the associated rise in TMP; during the final stage (after day 7), the biofilm had matured, and the activity of anaerobes stimulated cake compaction. The statistical analysis showed a correlation between the TMP changing rate and the carbonhydrates of soluble microbial products (SMPc) content in the CS. When the SMPc concentration rose slowly there was a low level of biofouling. However, when the SMPc accumulating rate was greater, it resulted in the more severe biofouling associated with the TMP jump. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient for the TMP increase and protein concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSp) in the CS was highly significant. The cluster analysis suggested that the AS microbial community remained stable during the three TMP change stages, while the CS and BF community were changed accompanied with the TMP change. The interaction between the microbial communities and the metabolic products lead to the significant correlation between them. The EPSp in conjunction with the SMPc were the main factors that accelerate the membrane fouling. The rapid rise of SMPc triggered a sudden increase in the TMP, while the accumulation of EPSp caused the sustained rise in TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Ibeid S, Elektorowicz M, Oleszkiewicz JA. Novel electrokinetic approach reduces membrane fouling. Water Res 2013; 47:6358-6366. [PMID: 24011406 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) was built to reduce membrane fouling through a combination of various electrokinetic processes. The objective of this research was to assess the capability of SMEBR to reduce fouling under different process conditions. At the bench scale level, using synthetic wastewater, membrane fouling of the SMEBR was compared to the fouling of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in five runs. Different protein concentrations in the influent synthetic wastewater were selected to develop different membrane fouling potentials: high (240 mg/l), low (80 mg/l) and zero protein addition. The MBR and SMEBR were operated at a flux equal to the membrane critical flux in order to create high fouling rate conditions. Membrane fouling rate, expressed as the change in the trans-membrane pressure per day (kPa/d), decreased in the SMEBR 5.8 times (standard deviation (SD) = 2.4) for high protein wastewater, 5.1 times (SD = 2.4) for low protein content, and 1.3 times (SD = 0.7) for zero protein, when compared to the MBR. The supernatant concentrations of the soluble microbial products (SMP) were 195-210, 65-135 and less than 65 mg/l in respective experimental series. Following the bench scale study, membrane fouling was assessed in a pilot scale SMEBR, fed with raw un-clarified municipal wastewater, and operated under real-sewage variable quality conditions. The pilot SMEBR exhibited three times smaller membrane fouling rate than the MBR. It was concluded that electrokinetic processes generated by SMEBR led to a reduction of membrane fouling through: i) removal of soluble microbial products (mainly protein and polysaccharides) and colloidal organic materials; ii) change of the structure and morphology of the suspended solids due their conditioning by DC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Ibeid
- Dept. of Building, Civil and Environmental Eng., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada H3G 1M8.
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Wang LL, Wang LF, Ye XD, Yu HQ. Hydration interactions and stability of soluble microbial products in aqueous solutions. Water Res 2013; 47:5921-5929. [PMID: 23911223 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soluble microbial products (SMP) are organic compounds excreted by microorganisms in their metabolism and decay and the main constituents in effluent from biological wastewater treatment systems. They also have an important contribution to the dissolved organic matters in natural aqueous systems. So far the interactions between SMP colloids have not been well explored. In this work, the interactions between SMP colloids in water and salt solutions were studied by using a combination of static and dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Zeta potential and acid-base titration techniques. The second osmotic virial coefficient had a larger value in a 750-mM salt solution than that in a 50-mM solution, indicating that repulsion between SMP colloids increased with an increase in salt concentration, which is contrary with the classic Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Such a repulsion was attributed to water structuring and enhanced by the accumulation of hydrophilic counter ions around SMP colloids and the formed hydration force. The repulsion and hydration effect led to the dispersing and deeper draining structure, accompanied by a decreased hydrodynamic radius and increased diffusion coefficient. This hydration force was related to so-called ion specific effect, and electrolyte sodium chloride had a more substantial effect on hydration force than KCl, CsCl, NaBr and NaI. Our results provide an experimental approach to explore the SMP structures, inter-colloid interactions and confirm the non-DLVO forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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