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Rao MR, Gaikwad P, Misal P, Gandhi SV. Phyto-cosmeceutical gel containing curcumin and quercetin loaded mixed micelles for improved anti-oxidant and photoprotective activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113837. [PMID: 38508086 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultra Violet radiations induced skin damage and associated skin disorders are a widespread concern. The consequences of sun exposure include a plethora of dermal conditions like aging, solar urticaria, albinism and cancer. Sunscreens provide effective protection to skin from these damages. Besides FDA approved physical and chemical UV filters, phytoconstituents with their multi functionalities are emerging as frontrunners in Therapy of skin disorders. Objective of this study was to develop novel phyto-dermal gel (PDG) with dual action of sun protection and antioxidant potential using polymeric mixed micelles (PMMs) are nanocarriers. PMMs of Pluronic F127 and Pluronic F68 loaded with curcumin and quercetin were optimized by 32 factorial designs. Responses studied were vesicle size, SPF, entrapment efficiency of curcumin and quercetin and antioxidant activity. Droplet size ranged from 300 to 500 nm with PDI in between 0.248 and 0.584. Combination of curcumin and quercetin showed enhanced sun protection and antioxidant activity. Pluronics played a significant positive role in various parameters. In present studies vesicle size of factorial batches was found to be between 387 and 527 nm, and SPF was found to be between 18.86 and 28.32. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology of micelles. Optimized micelles were incorporated into Carbopol 940. Optimized PDG was evaluated for pH, drug content, spreadability, rheology, syneresis, ex vivo permeation, and skin retention. Hysteresis loop in the rheogram suggested thixotropy of PDG. Syneresis for gels from day 0-30 days was found to be between 0% and 12.46% w/w. SPF of optimized PDG was 27±0.5. Optimized PDG showed no signs of erythema and edema on Wistar rats. PMMs thus effectively enhanced antioxidant and skin protective effect of curcumin and quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rp Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Pranjali Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Poonam Misal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
| | - Santosh V Gandhi
- Department of Quality Assurance, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India
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2
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Li C, Li T, Tian X, An W, Wang Z, Han B, Tao H, Wang J, Wang X. Research progress on the PEGylation of therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353626. [PMID: 38523641 PMCID: PMC10960368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of genetic and protein engineering, proteins and peptides have emerged as promising drug molecules for therapeutic applications. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in the field of chemical modification technology to address challenges associated with their clinical use, including rapid clearance from circulation, immunogenicity, physical and chemical instabilities (such as aggregation, adsorption, deamination, clipping, oxidation, etc.), and enzymatic degradation. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification offers an effective solution to these issues due to its favorable properties. This review presents recent progress in the development and application of PEGylated therapeutic proteins and peptides (TPPs). For this purpose, firstly, the physical and chemical properties as well as classification of PEG and its derivatives are described. Subsequently, a detailed summary is provided on the main sites of PEGylated TPPs and the factors that influence their PEGylation. Furthermore, notable instances of PEG-modified TPPs (including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interferon, asparaginase and antibodies) are highlighted. Finally, we propose the chemical modification of TPPs with PEG, followed by an analysis of the current development status and future prospects of PEGylated TPPs. This work provides a comprehensive literature review in this promising field while facilitating researchers in utilizing PEG polymers to modify TPPs for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinya Tian
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wei An
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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3
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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4
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Mahri S, Wilms T, Hagedorm P, Guichard MJ, Vanvarenberg K, Dumoulin M, Frijlink H, Vanbever R. Nebulization of PEGylated recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I using vibrating membrane nebulizers: A technical feasibility study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106522. [PMID: 37423579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase, Pulmozyme®) is the most frequently used mucolytic agent for the symptomatic treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Conjugation of rhDNase to polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to greatly prolong its residence time in the lungs and improve its therapeutic efficacy in mice. To present an added value over current rhDNase treatment, PEGylated rhDNase needs to be efficiently and less frequently administrated by aerosolization and possibly at higher concentrations than existing rhDNase. In this study, the effects of PEGylation on the thermodynamic stability of rhDNase was investigated using linear 20 kDa, linear 30 kDa and 2-armed 40 kDa PEGs. The suitability of PEG30-rhDNase to electrohydrodynamic atomization (electrospraying) as well as the feasibility of using two vibrating mesh nebulizers, the optimized eFlow® Technology nebulizer (eFlow) and Innospire Go, at varying protein concentrations were investigated. PEGylation was shown to destabilize rhDNase upon chemical-induced denaturation and ethanol exposure. Yet, PEG30-rhDNase was stable enough to withstand aerosolization stresses using the eFlow and Innospire Go nebulizers even at higher concentrations (5 mg of protein per ml) than conventional rhDNase formulation (1 mg/ml). High aerosol output (up to 1.5 ml per min) and excellent aerosol characteristics (up to 83% fine particle fraction) were achieved while preserving protein integrity and enzymatic activity. This work demonstrates the technical feasibility of PEG-rhDNase nebulization with advanced vibrating membrane nebulizers, encouraging further pharmaceutical and clinical developments of a long-acting PEGylated alternative to rhDNase for treating patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Mahri
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias Wilms
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Hagedorm
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Julie Guichard
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- University of Liège, Center for Protein Engineering, InBioS, Nanobodies to Explore Protein Structure and Functions, Liège, Belgium
| | - Henderik Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium.
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Nawalage S, Wathudura P, Wang A, Wamsley M, Zou S, Zhang D. Effects of Cascading Optical Processes: Part I: Impacts on Quantification of Sample Scattering Extinction, Intensity, and Depolarization. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1899-1907. [PMID: 36598877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering is a universal matter property that is especially prominent in nanoscale or larger materials. However, the effects of scattering-based cascading optical processes on experimental quantification of sample absorption, scattering, and emission intensities, as well as scattering and emission depolarization, have not been adequately addressed. Using a series of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) of different sizes as model analytes, we present a computational and experimental study on the effects of cascading light scattering on experimental quantification of NP scattering activities (scattering cross-section or molar coefficient), intensity, and depolarization. Part II and Part III of this series of companion articles explore the effects of cascading optical processes on sample absorption and fluorescence measurements, respectively. A general theoretical model is developed on how forward scattered light complicates the general applicability of Beer's law to the experimental UV-vis spectrum of scattering samples. The correlation between the scattering intensity and PSNP concentration is highly complicated with no robust linearity even when the scatterers' concentration is very low. Such complexity arises from the combination of concentration-dependence of light scattering depolarization and the scattering inner filter effects (IFEs). Scattering depolarization increases with the PSNP scattering extinction (thereby, its concentration) but can never reach unity (isotropic) due to the polarization dependence of the scattering IFE. The insights from this study are important for understanding the strengths and limitations of various scattering-based techniques for material characterization including nanoparticle quantification. They are also foundational for quantitative mechanistic understanding on the effects of light scattering on sample absorption and fluorescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhi Nawalage
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Pathum Wathudura
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Ankai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Max Wamsley
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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6
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Liu X, Kouassi KGW, Vanbever R, Dumoulin M. Impact of the PEG length and PEGylation site on the structural, thermodynamic, thermal, and proteolytic stability of mono-PEGylated alpha-1 antitrypsin. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4392. [PMID: 36040264 PMCID: PMC9375436 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used approach to improve the therapeutic value of proteins essentially by prolonging their body residence time. PEGylation may however induce changes in the structure and/or the stability of proteins and thus on their function(s). The effects of PEGylation on the thermodynamic stability can either be positive (stabilization), negative (destabilization), or neutral (no effect). Moreover, various factors such as the PEG length and PEGylation site can influence the consequences of PEGylation on the structure and stability of proteins. In this study, the effects of PEGylation on the structure, stability, and polymerization of alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) were investigated, using PEGs with different lengths, different structures (linear or 2-armed) and different linking chemistries (via amine or thiol) at two distinct positions of the sequence. The results show that whatever the size, position, and structure of PEG chains, PEGylation (a) does not induce significant changes in AAT structure (either at the secondary or tertiary level); (b) does not alter the stability of the native protein upon both chemical- and heat-induced denaturation; and (c) does not prevent AAT to fully refold and recover its activity following chemical denaturation. However, the propensity of AAT to aggregate upon heat treatment was significantly decreased by PEGylation, although PEGylation did not prevent the irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. Moreover, conjugation to PEG, especially 2-armed 40 kDa PEG, greatly improved the proteolytic resistance of AAT. PEGylation of AAT could be a promising strategy to prolong its half-life after infusion in AAT-deficient patients and thereby decrease the frequency of infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and BiomaterialsLouvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Kobenan G. W. Kouassi
- Advanced Drug Delivery and BiomaterialsLouvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery and BiomaterialsLouvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- Department of Life SciencesInBios, Center for Protein Engineering, Nanobodies to Explore Protein Structure and Functions, University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
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7
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Linkuvienė V, Ross EL, Crawford L, Weiser SE, Man D, Kay S, Kolhe P, Carpenter JF. Effects of transportation of IV bags containing protein formulations via hospital pneumatic tube system: Particle characterization by multiple methods. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1024-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Scheepers MRW, Haenen SRR, Coers JM, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MWJ. Inter-particle biomolecular reactivity tuned by surface crowders. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14605-14614. [PMID: 32614022 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rate at which colloidal particles can form biomolecular bonds controls the kinetics of applications such as particle-based biosensing, targeted drug delivery and directed colloidal assembly. Here we study how the reactivity of the particle surface depends on its molecular composition, quantified by the inter-particle rate of aggregation in an optomagnetic cluster experiment. Particles were functionalized with DNA or with proteins for specific binding, and with polyethylene glycol as a passive surface crowder. The data show that the inter-particle binding kinetics are dominated by specific interactions, which surprisingly can be tuned by the passive crowder molecules for both the DNA and the protein system. The experimental results are interpreted using model simulations, which show that the crowder-induced decrease of the particle surface reactivity can be described as a reduced reactivity of the specific binder molecules on the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R W Scheepers
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Aggregation and Particle Formation During Pumping of an Antibody Formulation Are Controlled by Electrostatic Interactions Between Pump Surfaces and Protein Molecules. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1473-1482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Container Surfaces Control Initiation of Cavitation and Resulting Particle Formation in Protein Formulations After Application of Mechanical Shock. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1270-1280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Defante AP, Kalonia CK, Keegan E, Bishop SM, Satish HA, Hudson SD, Santacroce PV. The Impact of the Metal Interface on the Stability and Quality of a Therapeutic Fusion Protein. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:569-578. [PMID: 31917583 PMCID: PMC11025017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subvisible particle formation, which occurs after the sterile filtration step of the fill/finish process, is a challenge that may occur during the development of biotherapeutics with complex molecular structures. Here, we show that a stainless steel pump head from a rotary piston pump produces more protein aggregates, past the limit of the acceptable quality range for subvisible particle counts, in comparison to a ceramic pump head. The quartz crystal microbalance was used to quantify the primary layer, proteins irreversibly adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface, and the secondary diffuse gel-like layer interacting on top of the primary layer. The results showed that the mass of protein irreversibly adsorbed onto stainless steel sensors is greater than on an aluminum oxide surface (ceramic pump mimic). This suggests that the amount of adsorbed protein plays a role in surface-induced protein aggregation at the solid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Defante
- Material Measurement Laboratory , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Cavan K Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Emma Keegan
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Hasige A Satish
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
| | - Steven D Hudson
- Material Measurement Laboratory , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Paul V Santacroce
- Dosage Form Design and Development , AstraZeneca , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20878 , United States
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12
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The Molecular Interaction Process. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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DEHP Nanodroplets Leached From Polyvinyl Chloride IV Bags Promote Aggregation of IVIG and Activate Complement in Human Serum. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:429-442. [PMID: 31229435 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the impact of subvisible particulate impurities on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic protein products have led manufacturers to implement strategies to minimize protein aggregation and particle formation during manufacturing, storage, and shipping. However, once these products are released, manufacturers have limited control over product handling. In this work, we investigated the effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) nanodroplets generated in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags of intravenous (IV) saline on the stability and immunogenicity of IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulations. We showed that PVC IV bags containing saline can release DEHP droplets into the solution when agitated or transported using a pneumatic tube transportation system in a clinical setting. We next investigated the effects of emulsified DEHP nanodroplets on IVIG stability and immunogenicity. IVIG adsorbed strongly to DEHP nanodroplets, forming a monolayer. In addition, DEHP nanodroplets accelerated IVIG aggregation in agitated samples. The immunogenicity of DEHP nanodroplets and IVIG aggregates generated in these formulations were evaluated using an in vitro assay of complement activation in human serum. The results suggested DEHP nanodroplets shed from PVC IV bags could reduce protein stability and induce activation of the complement system, potentially contributing to adverse immune responses during the administration of therapeutic proteins.
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Albay A, Artim-Esen B, Pericleous C, Wincup C, Giles I, Rahman A, McDonnell T. Domain I of β2GPI is capable of blocking serum IgA antiphospholipid antibodies binding in vitro: an effect enhanced by PEGylation. Lupus 2019; 28:893-897. [PMID: 31126213 PMCID: PMC6567316 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319851571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to inhibit antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) serum derived IgA anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) binding using Domain I (DI). Methods Serum from 13 APS patients was tested for IgA aβ2GPI and Anti-Domain I. Whole IgA was purified by peptide M affinity chromatography from positive serum samples. Serum was tested for IgA aβ2GPI binding in the presence and absence of either DI or of two biochemically modified variants containing either 20 kDa of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or 40 kDa of PEG. Results Significant inhibition with DI was possible with average inhibition of 23% (N = 13). Further inhibitions using 20 kDa PEG-DI and 40 kDa PEG-DI variants showed significant inhibition (p = 0.0001) with both the 40 kDa PEG-DI and 20 kDa PEG-DI variants showing increased inhibition compared with DI alone (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, n = 10). Conclusions Inhibition of IgA aβ2GPI by DI is possible and can be enhanced by biochemical modification in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albay
- 1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - B Artim-Esen
- 2 Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Turkey
| | - C Pericleous
- 3 Imperial College London, Imperial College Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, ICTEM, London, UK
| | - C Wincup
- 1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - I Giles
- 1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - A Rahman
- 1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - T McDonnell
- 1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Department of Medicine, Rayne Institute, London, UK
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