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Shi H, Ru X, Pan S, Jiang D, Huang Y, Zhu C, Li G. Transcriptomic analysis of pituitary in female and male spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) after 17β-estradiol injection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 41:100949. [PMID: 34942522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is a popular species of marine fish cultured in China. It shows normal sexual growth dimorphism. Female spotted scat grows quicker and bigger than males. Growth and reproduction are the most important traits in aquaculture. In vertebrates, the pituitary gland occupies an important position in the growth and reproduction axis. Estrogen is involved in regulating growth and reproduction in the pituitary gland in an endocrine fashion. Transcriptome sequencing of the pituitary was performed in female and male fish at 6 h after 17β-estradiol injection (4.0 μg E2/g body weight, BW). Compared with the pituitary of female and male groups, 144 and 64 genes [|log2(fold change)| ≥ 1.0 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] were significantly differentially expressed in E2-injected females and males, respectively (p < 0.05). Of these, 59 and 48 were up-regulated, and 85 and 16 were down-regulated. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway analyses, DEGs were involved in signal pathways, such as growth, reproduction, oocyte meiosis and steroid biosynthesis. Of these, estrogen affected the expression of some sex steroid synthesis and receptor genes in the pituitary gland through feedback, such as hsd17b7, pgr and cyp19a1b, regulating the reproductive activities. Besides, some growth-related genes, such as gap43, junbb, mstn2 and insm1a responded to estrogen. E2 might affect the expression level of gh mRNA by regulating the expression levels of growth-related genes. Our results provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of growth and reproduction regulation at the pituitary level of spotted scat responded to E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoying Ru
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory-Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuhui Pan
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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2
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Condamine T, Jager M, Leclère L, Blugeon C, Lemoine S, Copley RR, Manuel M. Molecular characterisation of a cellular conveyor belt in Clytia medusae. Dev Biol 2019; 456:212-225. [PMID: 31509769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tentacular system of Clytia hemisphaerica medusa (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) has recently emerged as a promising experimental model to tackle the developmental mechanisms that regulate cell lineage progression in an early-diverging animal phylum. From a population of proximal stem cells, the successive steps of tentacle stinging cell (nematocyte) elaboration, are spatially ordered along a "cellular conveyor belt". Furthermore, the C. hemisphaerica tentacular system exhibits bilateral organisation, with two perpendicular polarity axes (proximo-distal and oral-aboral). We aimed to improve our knowledge of this cellular system by combining RNAseq-based differential gene expression analyses and expression studies of Wnt signalling genes. RNAseq comparisons of gene expression levels were performed (i) between the tentacular system and a control medusa deprived of all tentacles, nematogenic sites and gonads, and (ii) between three samples staggered along the cellular conveyor belt. The behaviour in these differential expression analyses of two reference gene sets (stem cell genes; nematocyte genes), as well as the relative representations of selected gene ontology categories, support the validity of the cellular conveyor belt model. Expression patterns obtained by in situ hybridisation for selected highly differentially expressed genes and for Wnt signalling genes are largely consistent with the results from RNAseq. Wnt signalling genes exhibit complex spatial deployment along both polarity axes of the tentacular system, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway probably acting along the oral-aboral axis rather than the proximo-distal axis. These findings reinforce the idea that, despite overall radial symmetry, cnidarians have a full potential for elaboration of bilateral structures based on finely orchestrated deployment of an ancient developmental gene toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Condamine
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Paris, France
| | - Muriel Jager
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Paris, France
| | - Lucas Leclère
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV) UMR7009, 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Genomic Paris Centre, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lemoine
- Genomic Paris Centre, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Richard R Copley
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV) UMR7009, 181 chemin du Lazaret, 06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Michaël Manuel
- Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB UMR 7205), Paris, France.
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Chen C, Notkins AL, Lan MS. Insulinoma-Associated-1: From Neuroendocrine Tumor Marker to Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1597-1604. [PMID: 31113827 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulinoma-associated-1 (IA-1 or INSM1) encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor, which was isolated from a human insulinoma subtraction library, with specific expression patterns, predominantly in developing neuroendocrine tissues and tumors. INSM1 is key in early pancreatic endocrine, sympatho-adrenal lineage, and pan-neurogenic precursor development. Insm1 gene ablation results in impairment of pancreatic β cells, catecholamine biosynthesis, and basal progenitor development during mammalian neocortex maturation. Recently, INSM1 has emerged as a superior, sensitive, and specific biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. INSM1 regulates downstream target genes and exhibits extranuclear activities associated with multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog, PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK1/2, ADK, p53, Wnt, histone acetylation, LSD1, cyclin D1, Ascl1, and N-myc. Novel strategies targeting INSM1-associated signaling pathways facilitate the suppression of neuroendocrine tumor growth. In addition, INSM1 promoter-driven reporter assay and/or suicide gene therapy are promising effective therapeutic approaches for targeted specific neuroendocrine tumor therapy. In this review, the current knowledge of the biological role of INSM1 as a neuroendocrine tumor biomarker is summarized, and novel strategies targeting multiple signaling pathways in the context of INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine tumors are further explored. IMPLICATIONS: Neuroendocrine transcription factor (INSM1) may serve as a neuroendocrine biomarker for the development of novel cancer therapeutics against neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiachen Chen
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Abner L Notkins
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S Lan
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. .,Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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4
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REST corepressors RCOR1 and RCOR2 and the repressor INSM1 regulate the proliferation-differentiation balance in the developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E406-E415. [PMID: 28049845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional events that lead to the cessation of neural proliferation, and therefore enable the production of proper numbers of differentiated neurons and glia, are still largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that the transcription factor Insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1) forms complexes with RE1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST) corepressors RCOR1 and RCOR2 in progenitors in embryonic mouse brain. Mice lacking both RCOR1 and RCOR2 in developing brain die perinatally and generate an abnormally high number of neural progenitors at the expense of differentiated neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. In addition, Rcor1/2 deletion detrimentally affects complex morphological processes such as closure of the interganglionic sulcus. We find that INSM1, a transcription factor that induces cell-cycle arrest, is coexpressed with RCOR1/2 in a subset of neural progenitors and forms complexes with RCOR1/2 in embryonic brain. Further, the Insm1-/- mouse phenocopies predominant brain phenotypes of the Rcor1/2 knockout. A large number of genes are concordantly misregulated in both knockout genotypes, and a majority of the down-regulated genes are targets of REST. Rest transcripts are up-regulated in both knockouts, and reducing transcripts to control levels in the Rcor1/2 knockout partially rescues the defect in interganglionic sulcus closure. Our findings indicate that an INSM1/RCOR1/2 complex controls the balance of proliferation and differentiation during brain development.
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Froldi F, Cheng LY. Understanding how differentiation is maintained: lessons from the Drosophila brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1641-4. [PMID: 26817462 PMCID: PMC11108259 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to maintain cells in a differentiated state and to prevent them from reprogramming into a multipotent state has recently emerged as a central theme in neural development as well as in oncogenesis. In the developing central nervous system (CNS) of the fruit fly Drosophila, several transcription factors were recently identified to be required in postmitotic cells to maintain differentiation, and in their absence, mature neurons undergo dedifferentiation, giving rise to proliferative neural stem cells and ultimately to tumor growth. In this review, we will highlight the current understanding of dedifferentiation and cell plasticity in the Drosophila CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Froldi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Louise Y Cheng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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6
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Froldi F, Szuperak M, Weng CF, Shi W, Papenfuss AT, Cheng LY. The transcription factor Nerfin-1 prevents reversion of neurons into neural stem cells. Genes Dev 2015; 29:129-43. [PMID: 25593306 PMCID: PMC4298133 DOI: 10.1101/gad.250282.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Froldi et al. show that the Drosophila zinc finger transcription factor Nervous fingers 1 (Nerfin-1) locks neurons into differentiation, preventing their reversion into neuroblasts. The loss of Nerfin-1 causes reversion to multipotency and results in tumors in several neural lineages. RNA-seq and ChIP analysis show that Nerfin-1 administers its function by repression of self-renewing genes and activation of differentiation-specific genes. Cellular dedifferentiation is the regression of a cell from a specialized state to a more multipotent state and is implicated in cancer. However, the transcriptional network that prevents differentiated cells from reacquiring stem cell fate is so far unclear. Neuroblasts (NBs), the Drosophila neural stem cells, are a model for the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Here we show that the Drosophila zinc finger transcription factor Nervous fingers 1 (Nerfin-1) locks neurons into differentiation, preventing their reversion into NBs. Following Prospero-dependent neuronal specification in the ganglion mother cell (GMC), a Nerfin-1-specific transcriptional program maintains differentiation in the post-mitotic neurons. The loss of Nerfin-1 causes reversion to multipotency and results in tumors in several neural lineages. Both the onset and rate of neuronal dedifferentiation in nerfin-1 mutant lineages are dependent on Myc- and target of rapamycin (Tor)-mediated cellular growth. In addition, Nerfin-1 is required for NB differentiation at the end of neurogenesis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis show that Nerfin-1 administers its function by repression of self-renewing-specific and activation of differentiation-specific genes. Our findings support the model of bidirectional interconvertibility between neural stem cells and their post-mitotic progeny and highlight the importance of the Nerfin-1-regulated transcriptional program in neuronal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Froldi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Milan Szuperak
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chen-Fang Weng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Louise Y Cheng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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7
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Recher G, Jouralet J, Brombin A, Heuzé A, Mugniery E, Hermel JM, Desnoulez S, Savy T, Herbomel P, Bourrat F, Peyriéras N, Jamen F, Joly JS. Zebrafish midbrain slow-amplifying progenitors exhibit high levels of transcripts for nucleotide and ribosome biogenesis. Development 2013; 140:4860-9. [PMID: 24198278 DOI: 10.1242/dev.099010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigating neural stem cell (NSC) behaviour in vivo, which is a major area of research, requires NSC models to be developed. We carried out a multilevel characterisation of the zebrafish embryo peripheral midbrain layer (PML) and identified a unique vertebrate progenitor population. Located dorsally in the transparent embryo midbrain, these large slow-amplifying progenitors (SAPs) are accessible for long-term in vivo imaging. They form a neuroepithelial layer adjacent to the optic tectum, which has transitory fast-amplifying progenitors (FAPs) at its margin. The presence of these SAPs and FAPs in separate domains provided the opportunity to data mine the ZFIN expression pattern database for SAP markers, which are co-expressed in the retina. Most of them are involved in nucleotide synthesis, or encode nucleolar and ribosomal proteins. A mutant for the cad gene, which is strongly expressed in the PML, reveals severe midbrain defects with massive apoptosis and sustained proliferation. We discuss how fish midbrain and retina progenitors might derive from ancient sister cell types and have specific features that are not shared with other SAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Recher
- CNRS, UPR3294 Unité Neurobiologie et Développement, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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8
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Forbes-Osborne MA, Wilson SG, Morris AC. Insulinoma-associated 1a (Insm1a) is required for photoreceptor differentiation in the zebrafish retina. Dev Biol 2013; 380:157-71. [PMID: 23747542 PMCID: PMC3703496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factor insulinoma-associated 1 (Insm1, previously IA-1) is expressed in the developing nervous and neuroendocrine systems, and is required for cell type specific differentiation. Expression of Insm1 is largely absent in the adult, although it is present in neurogenic regions of the adult brain and zebrafish retina. While expression of Insm1 has also been observed in the embryonic retina of numerous vertebrate species, its function during retinal development has remained unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that in the developing zebrafish retina, insm1a is required for photoreceptor differentiation. Insm1a-deficient embryos were microphthalmic and displayed defects in rod and cone photoreceptor differentiation. Rod photoreceptor cells were more sensitive to loss of insm1a expression than were cone photoreceptor cells. Additionally, we provide evidence that insm1a regulates cell cycle progression of retinoblasts, and functions upstream of the bHLH transcription factors ath5/atoh7 and neurod, and the photoreceptor specification genes crx and nr2e3. Finally, we show that insm1a is negatively regulated by Notch-Delta signaling. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Insm1 influences neuronal subtype differentiation during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen G. Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225
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9
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Chiang C, Ayyanathan K. Snail/Gfi-1 (SNAG) family zinc finger proteins in transcription regulation, chromatin dynamics, cell signaling, development, and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 24:123-31. [PMID: 23102646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Snail/Gfi-1 (SNAG) family of zinc finger proteins is a group of transcriptional repressors that have been intensively studied in mammals. SNAG family members are similarly structured with an N-terminal SNAG repression domain and a C-terminal zinc finger DNA binding domain, however, the spectrum of target genes they regulate and the ranges of biological functions they govern vary widely between them. They play active roles in transcriptional regulation, formation of repressive chromatin structure, cellular signaling and developmental processes. They can also result in disease states due to deregulation. We have performed a thorough investigation of the relevant literature and present a comprehensive mini-review. Based on the available information, we also propose a mechanism by which SNAG family members may function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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10
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Morita A, Nakahira K, Hasegawa T, Uchida K, Taniguchi Y, Takeda S, Toyoda A, Sakaki Y, Shimada A, Takeda H, Yanagihara I. Establishment and characterization of Roberts syndrome and SC phocomelia model medaka (Oryzias latipes). Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:588-604. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Developmental Medicine; Research Institute; Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Izumi; Osaka
| | - Kumiko Nakahira
- Department of Developmental Medicine; Research Institute; Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Izumi; Osaka
| | - Taeko Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Medicine; Research Institute; Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Izumi; Osaka
| | - Kaoru Uchida
- Department of Developmental Medicine; Research Institute; Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Izumi; Osaka
| | - Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; Kyoto University; CREST; Japan Science and Technology Laboratory; Kyoto
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics; Faculty of Medicine; Kyoto University; CREST; Japan Science and Technology Laboratory; Kyoto
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Sequence Technology Team; RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center; Yokohama; Kanagawa
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakaki
- Sequence Technology Team; RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center; Yokohama; Kanagawa
| | - Atsuko Shimada
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Itaru Yanagihara
- Department of Developmental Medicine; Research Institute; Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Child Health; Izumi; Osaka
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11
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Devès M, Bourrat F. Transcriptional mechanisms of developmental cell cycle arrest: problems and models. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:290-7. [PMID: 22464972 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans begin their life as a single cell. Then, this cell enters a more or less protracted period of active cell proliferation, which can be considered as the default cellular state. A crucial event, the developmental cell cycle exit, occurs thereafter. This phenomenon allows for differentiation to happen and regulates the final size of organs and organisms. Its control is still poorly understood. Herein, we review some transcriptional mechanisms of cell cycle exit in animals, and propose to use cellular conveyor belts as model systems for its study. We finally point to evidence that suggests that the mechanisms of developmental cell cycle arrest may have to be maintained in adult tissues.
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Cai T, Chen X, Wang R, Xu H, You Y, Zhang T, Lan MS, Notkins AL. Expression of insulinoma-associated 2 (INSM2) in pancreatic islet cells is regulated by the transcription factors Ngn3 and NeuroD1. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1961-9. [PMID: 21343251 PMCID: PMC3075939 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The insulinoma-associated 2 (Insm2) gene is a member of the Snail/Gfi1/Insm1 transcriptional repressor superfamily. However, little is known about how the expression of human INSM2 or mouse Insm2 in neuroendocrine tissues is regulated. Here we report the expression of INSM2/Insm2 in human fetal pancreas and mouse embryos, as well as adult pancreatic islets, and its regulation by two major islet transcription factors. Mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the proximal E-boxes of the mouse Insm2 promoter are direct targets of neurogenin 3 and neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1). Furthermore, we found that endogenous Insm2 expression was activated in Ngn3/NeuroD1-transduced pancreatic epithelial duct cells. Our results suggest that Insm2 plays an important role in the differentiation cascade of Ngn3/NeuroD1 signaling in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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13
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Horb LD, Jarkji ZH, Horb ME. Xenopus insm1 is essential for gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine cell development. Dev Dyn 2010; 238:2505-10. [PMID: 19705447 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, it has been well established that gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine cells are specified by a cascade of different transcription factors, but whether these same pathways (or linear relationships) operate in Xenopus is currently unknown. We recently identified the endocrine-specific zinc finger transcription factor insulinoma associated protein 1 (insm1) as a dorsal-enriched gene. We found that insm1 is expressed in the dorsal pancreas as early as NF28, making it one of the earliest markers to be localized to the dorsal pancreas. Through morpholino-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that insm1 is essential for proper specification of both gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine cells. In addition, we place insm1 downstream of ngn3 and upstream of pax6 and neuroD in the endocrine cell transcription factor cascade. These are the first results showing that the endodermal endocrine cell development in Xenopus uses the same transcriptional cascade as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Dawn Horb
- Laboratory of Molecular Organogenesis, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.
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14
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Lan MS, Breslin MB. Structure, expression, and biological function of INSM1 transcription factor in neuroendocrine differentiation. FASEB J 2009; 23:2024-33. [PMID: 19246490 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-finger transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that are implicated in many diverse biological functions. INSM1 (formerly IA-1) contains five zinc-finger motifs and functions as a transcription factor. INSM1 protein structure is highly conserved in homologues of different species. It is predominantly expressed in developing neuroendocrine tissues and the nervous system in mammals. INSM1 represents an important player in early embryonic neurogenesis. In pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation, Ngn3 first activates INSM1 and subsequently NeuroD/beta2. Conversely, INSM1 exerts a feedback mechanism to suppress NeuroD/beta2 and its own gene expression. INSM1 gene ablation in the mouse results in the impairment of pancreatic endocrine cell maturation. Further, deletion of INSM1 severely impairs catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion from the adrenal gland that results in early embryonic lethality. Genetically, INSM1 acts as a downstream factor of Mash 1 and Phox2b in the differentiation of the sympatho-adrenal lineage. In the developing neocortex, mouse embryos lacking INSM1 expression contain half the number of basal progenitors and show a reduction in cortical plate radial thickness. Cell signaling studies reveal that INSM1 contributes to the induction of cell cycle arrest/exit necessary to facilitate cellular differentiation. INSM1 is highly expressed in tumors of neuroendocrine origin. Hence, its promoter could serve as a tumor-specific promoter that drives a specific targeted cancer gene therapy for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Taken together, all of these features of INSM1 strongly support its role as an important regulator during neuroendocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lan
- Research Institute for Children, Children's Hospital, 200 Henry Clay Ave., Research and Education Bldg., Rm. 2211, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Zhang T, Liu WD, Saunee NA, Breslin MB, Lan MS. Zinc finger transcription factor INSM1 interrupts cyclin D1 and CDK4 binding and induces cell cycle arrest. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:5574-81. [PMID: 19124461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808843200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INSM1 is a zinc finger transcription factor that plays an important role in pancreatic beta-cell development. To further evaluate its role in cell fate determination, we investigated INSM1 effects on cell cycle function. The cyclin box of cyclin D1 is essential for INSM1 binding. Competitive pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that INSM1 binding to cyclin D1 interrupts its association with CDK4 and induces hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. An inducible Tet-on system was established in Cos-7 and Panc-1 cells. Using serum starvation, we synchronized the cell cycle and subsequently induced cell cycle progression by serum stimulation. Comparison of the INSM1 induction group with the noninduced control group, INSM1 ectopic expression causes cell cycle arrest, whereas the INSM1-mediated cell cycle arrest could be reversed by cyclin D1 and CDK4 overexpression. The proline-rich N-terminal portion of INSM1 is required for cyclin D1 binding. Mutation of proline residues abolished cyclin D1 binding and also diminished its ability to induce cell cycle arrest. Cellular proliferation of Panc-1 cells was inhibited by INSM1 overexpression demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, soft agar colony formation, as well as tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Taken together, we provide evidence to support that INSM1 binds to cyclin D1, interrupts cell cycle signaling, and inhibits cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Research Institute for Children, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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Parlier D, Ariza A, Christulia F, Genco F, Vanhomwegen J, Kricha S, Souopgui J, Bellefroid EJ. Xenopus zinc finger transcription factor IA1 (Insm1) expression marks anteroventral noradrenergic neuron progenitors in Xenopus embryos. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:2147-57. [PMID: 18627098 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved IA1 (Insm1) gene is strongly expressed in the developing nervous system. Here, we show that IA1 is expressed during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis in neural plate primary neurons as well as in a population of uncharacterized anteroventral cells that form in front of the cement gland and that we identified as noradrenergic neurons. We also show that the formation of those anteroventral cells is dependent on BMPs and inhibited by Notch and that it is regulated by the transcription factors Xash1, Phox2, and Hand2. Finally, we provide functional evidence suggesting that IA1 may also play a role in their formation. Together, our results reveal that IA1 constitutes a novel player downstream of Xash1 in the formation of a previously unidentified population of Xenopus noradrenergic primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Parlier
- Laboratoire d'Embryologie Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Gosselies, Belgium
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Farkas LM, Haffner C, Giger T, Khaitovich P, Nowick K, Birchmeier C, Pääbo S, Huttner WB. Insulinoma-Associated 1 Has a Panneurogenic Role and Promotes the Generation and Expansion of Basal Progenitors in the Developing Mouse Neocortex. Neuron 2008; 60:40-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Duggan A, Madathany T, de Castro SCP, Gerrelli D, Guddati K, García-Añoveros J. Transient expression of the conserved zinc finger gene INSM1 in progenitors and nascent neurons throughout embryonic and adult neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 2008; 507:1497-520. [PMID: 18205207 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INSM1 is a zinc-finger protein expressed in the developing nervous system and pancreas as well as in medulloblastomas and neuroendocrine tumors. With in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry, we detected INSM1 mRNA in all embryonic to adult neuroproliferative areas examined: embryonic neocortex, ganglionic eminence, midbrain, retina, hindbrain, and spinal cord; autonomic, dorsal root, trigeminal and spiral ganglia; olfactory and vomeronasal organ epithelia; postnatal cerebellum; and juvenile to adult subgranular zone of dentate gyrus, subventricular zone, and rostral migratory stream leading to olfactory bulb. In most of these neurogenic areas, subsets of neuronal progenitors and nascent, but not mature, neurons express INSM1. For example, in developing cerebellum, INSM1 is present in proliferating progenitors of the outer external granule layer (EGL) and in postmitotic cells of the inner EGL, but not in mature granule cell neurons. Also, lining the neural tube from spinal cord to neocortex in mouse as well as human embryos, cells undergoing mitosis apically do not express INSM1. By contrast, nonsurface progenitors located in the basal ventricular and/or subventricular zones express INSM1. Whereas apical progenitors are proliferative and generate one or two additional progenitors, basal progenitors are thought to divide terminally and symmetrically to produce two neurons. The nematode ortholog of INSM1, EGL-46, is expressed during terminal symmetric neurogenic divisions and regulates the termination of proliferation. We propose that, in mice and humans, INSM1 is likewise expressed transiently during terminal neurogenic divisions, from late progenitors to nascent neurons, and particularly during symmetric neuronogenic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duggan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Recent Papers on Zebrafish and Other Aquarium Fish Models. Zebrafish 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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