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Bai R, Guo Y, Liu W, Song Y, Yu Z, Ma X. The Roles of WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Mechanical-Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1702. [PMID: 38136575 PMCID: PMC10741662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway. In light of the above, a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in different physiological and pathological states of the skin holds the potential to significantly advance clinical treatments of skin-related diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in skin development, wound healing, and mechanical stretching. Our review sheds new light on the crucial role of the WNT signaling pathway in the regulation of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaotao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of The Cadet Team 6, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Gao Y, Song W, Hao F, Duo L, Zhe X, Gao C, Guo X, Liu D. Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 and an Interacting Non-Coding RNA on Secondary Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells in Cashmere Goats' Follicle Development Assessed by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Technology. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2234. [PMID: 37444032 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashmere, a keratinised product of secondary hair follicles (SHFs) in cashmere goats, holds an important place in international high-end textiles. However, research on the complex molecular and signal regulation during the development and growth of hair follicles (HFs), which is essential for the development of the cashmere industry, is limited. Moreover, increasing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in HF development. Herein, we systematically investigated a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network mediated by circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in skin samples of cashmere goat embryos, using whole-transcriptome sequencing technology. We obtained 6468, 394, and 239 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs, respectively. These identified RNAs were further used to construct a ceRNA regulatory network, mediated by circRNAs, for cashmere goats at a late stage of HF development. Among the molecular species identified, miR-184 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10 exhibited competitive targeted interactions. In secondary HF dermal papilla cells (SHF-DPCs), miR-184 promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and alters the cell cycle via the competitive release of FGF10. This study reports that FGF10 and its interaction with ncRNAs significantly affect SHF-DPCs, providing a reference for research on the biology of HFs in cashmere goats and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lei Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhe
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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3
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Perkins RS, Singh R, Abell AN, Krum SA, Miranda-Carboni GA. The role of WNT10B in physiology and disease: A 10-year update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1120365. [PMID: 36814601 PMCID: PMC9939717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT10B, a member of the WNT family of secreted glycoproteins, activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade to control proliferation, stemness, pluripotency, and cell fate decisions. WNT10B plays roles in many tissues, including bone, adipocytes, skin, hair, muscle, placenta, and the immune system. Aberrant WNT10B signaling leads to several diseases, such as osteoporosis, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM), fibrosis, dental anomalies, and cancer. We reviewed WNT10B a decade ago, and here we provide a comprehensive update to the field. Novel research on WNT10B has expanded to many more tissues and diseases. WNT10B polymorphisms and mutations correlate with many phenotypes, including bone mineral density, obesity, pig litter size, dog elbow dysplasia, and cow body size. In addition, the field has focused on the regulation of WNT10B using upstream mediators, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We also discussed the therapeutic implications of WNT10B regulation. In summary, research conducted during 2012-2022 revealed several new, diverse functions in the role of WNT10B in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rishika Singh
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amy N. Abell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni,
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4
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Wei H, Yi T, Li Q, Guo Y, Shen C, Jin P. Application of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network analysis in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24791. [PMID: 36458379 PMCID: PMC9833970 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be used as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to bind to microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate gene expression. Previous studies have demonstrated that ceRNAs play an important role in the development of tumors. However, it is not clear whether the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network plays a role in androgenic alopecia (AGA). METHODS The hair follicles of three AGA patients and three healthy individuals were collected for high-throughput whole transcriptome sequencing to screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs. Differentially expressed lncRNA target genes were subjected to databases to predict miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA relationship pairs, and a ceRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Relative expression was verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS 84 lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between the hair follicles of AGA patients and those of healthy individuals; 30 were upregulated, and 54 were downregulated. The top 10 upregulated lncRNAs were ENST00000501520, ENST00000448179, ENST00000318291, ENST00000568280, ENST00000561121, ENST00000376609, ENST00000602414, ENST00000573866, ENST00000513358, and ENST00000564194. The top 10 downregulated lncRNAs were ENST00000566804, ENST00000561973, ENST00000587680, ENST00000569927, ENST00000340444, ENST00000424345, ENST00000589787, NR_024344, NR_073026, and NR_110001. The qRT-PCR validation results and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that one upregulated lncRNA, LOXL1-AS1 (ENST00000564194), had the most significant clinical diagnostic potential. After further analysis, it was concluded that LOXL1-AS1 could be used as a sponge to target hsa-miR-5193, thereby regulating TP53 expression. CONCLUSION The ceRNA network-regulating AGA was constructed through high-throughput sequencing. Our study also identified a key lncRNA that is possibly related to the AGA pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Tian Yi
- Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Caiqi Shen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Department of Plastic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Shang F, Ma R, Rong Y, Pan J, Wang M, Niu S, Qi Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Lv Q, Wang R, Su R, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Construction and functional analysis of ceRNA regulatory network related to the development of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959952. [PMID: 36090177 PMCID: PMC9453165 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goat hair follicles are divided into primary hair follicles and secondary hair follicles. The primary hair follicles produce coarse hair, and the secondary hair follicles produce cashmere. The development of hair follicles is affected by a variety of signaling molecules and pathways. Studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are widely involved in the development of hair follicles of the goat, including small RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In recent years, circRNAs, as a new type of circular closed non-coding RNAs, have attracted great attention due to their high stability. However, its regulatory effect on cashmere goat hair follicles mainly focuses on the periodic regulation of secondary hair follicles, and there is no report on the development of cashmere goat hair follicles during the fetal period. Therefore, this study was based on the circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles obtained by whole-transcriptional sequencing of the skin tissue of the Inner Mongolia cashmere goats in the fetal period (days 45, 55, 65, and 75) and screening out the morphological changes of hair follicles at different periods. A total of 113 circRNAs related to the development of secondary hair follicles were present. According to the principle of the ceRNA regulatory network, a ceRNA regulatory network composed of 13 circRNAs, 21 miRNAs, and 110 mRNAs related to the development of secondary hair follicles was constructed. Then, qRT-PCR and Sanger sequencing identified circRNA2034, circRNA5712, circRNA888, and circRNA9127 were circRNAs. Next, the dual-luciferase reporter gene verified the targeting relationship of circRNA5712-miR-27b-3p-Dll4. In conclusion, this study constructed a ceRNA regulatory network for the development of cashmere goat secondary hair follicles, laying a foundation for the analysis of circRNAs regulating the morphogenesis and development of cashmere goat secondary hair follicles through the ceRNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Youjun Rong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuran Niu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yunpeng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Lv
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjun Zhang
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Zhao B, Li J, Liu M, Yang N, Bao Z, Zhang X, Dai Y, Cai J, Chen Y, Wu X. DNA Methylation Mediates lncRNA2919 Regulation of Hair Follicle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9481. [PMID: 36012763 PMCID: PMC9408817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are organs that periodically regenerate during the growth and development of mammals. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with crucial roles in many biological processes. Our previous study identified that lncRNA2919 is highly expressed in catagen during the HF cycle. In this study, the in vivo rabbit model was established using intradermal injection of adenovirus-mediated lncRNA2919. The results showed that lncRNA2919 decreased HF depth and density and contributed to HF regrowth, thereby indicating that lncRNA2919 plays a negative role in HF regeneration. Moreover, methylation levels of the lncRNA2919 promoter at different HF cycle stages were detected through bisulfite sequencing. The key CpG site that negatively correlates with lncRNA2919 expression during the HF cycle was identified. 5-Aza-dc-induced demethylation upregulated lncRNA2919 expression, and the core promoter region of lncRNA2919 was verified on the basis of luciferase activity. Furthermore, we found that DNA methylation could prevent the binding of EGR1 to the lncRNA2919 promoter region, thereby affecting the transcriptional expression of lncRNA2919. Collectively, DNA methylation inhibits the transcriptional expression of lncRNA2919, which plays a vital role in the HF cycle and HF regrowth. These findings contribute to the basic theory of epigenetics in HF biology and provide references for further research in HF disease treatment and animal wool production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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7
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Zhao B, Li J, Liu M, Hu S, Yang N, Liang S, Zhang X, Dai Y, Bao Z, Chen Y, Wu X. lncRNA2919 Suppresses Rabbit Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation via trans-Regulatory Actions. Cells 2022; 11:2443. [PMID: 35954286 PMCID: PMC9368379 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are complex organs that grow cyclically during mammals' growth and development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) cannot be translated into proteins and play crucial roles in many biological processes. In our previous study, candidate lncRNAs associated with HF cyclic regeneration were screened, and we identified that the novel lncRNA, lncRNA2919, was significantly expressed during catagen. Here, we identified that lncRNA2919 has no coding potentiality and is highly expressed in the cell nucleus, and downregulates HF growth and development-related genes, inhibits cell proliferation, and promotes cell apoptosis in rabbit dermal papilla cells. lncRNA2919 recruits STAT1 to form a compound. As a key transcription factor, STAT1 regulates the transcriptional expression of KRTAP11-1. Our study revealed that lncRNA2919 is involved in HF cyclic regeneration through the trans-regulatory lncRNA2919-STAT1-KRTAP11-1 axis. This study elucidates the mechanism through which lncRNA2919 regulates HF growth and development and the role of lncRNA2919 as a new therapeutic target in animal wool production and human hair-related disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuaishuai Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Roohaninasab M, Yavari SF, Babazadeh M, Hagh RA, Pazoki M, Amrovani M. Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:603-619. [PMID: 35507254 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss occurs in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA). The pattern of hair loss is different between men and women. The main cause of hair loss is increased cell apoptosis and decreased regeneration, proliferation and differentiation processes in hair follicles. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the most important molecules that regulate the processes of apoptosis, regeneration, proliferation and differentiation in hair follicles. Since studies have shown that lncRNAs can be effective in the development of cardiotoxicity and induction of cardiovascular disease (CVD); so effective lncRNAs in the regulation of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicles can be involved in the development of CVD in AGA patients with. Therefore, this study investigated the lncRNAs involved in increasing apoptosis and reducing the processes of regeneration, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicles. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of lncRNAs as a risk factor in the incidence of CVD in AGA patients; it will help to design treatment strategies by targeting signaling pathways without any cardiotoxicity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Roohaninasab
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran
| | - Shadnaz Fakhteh Yavari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Babazadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboubeh Pazoki
- Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Amrovani
- High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Liu J, Yin G, Hu K, Huang H, Xu F, Yang Y, Chen F. Parental uveitis causes elevated hair loss in offspring of C57BL/6J mice. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109056. [PMID: 35367248 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that parental uveitis in a susceptible population can cause hair loss and increase the susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in offspring. However, it is unclear whether parental uveitis affects the development of offspring in an EAU-moderate-susceptible population. Herein, moderate-susceptible C57BL/6J mice were immunized with inter-photoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) 651-670 to develop EAU and were kept together for mating. Gross examination and histopathological changes of the offspring gestated with parental uveitis were observed to evaluate the impact of parental uveitis on the development of the offspring. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by RNA sequencing in the affected skin and eyeball of the offspring on postnatal day 27. Adult offspring were injected 75 μg IRBP651-670 to evaluate their susceptibility to EAU. Gross examination in the offspring revealed hair loss on postnatal days 11-31. Histopathological observation showed increased melanin granules and hair follicles of skin in the affected offspring with hair loss. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis in the skin revealed differential expression of genes involved in the mitotic cell cycle, response to endogenous stimulus, hair follicle development, and hair cycle. The DEGs in the skin were predominately associated with the cell cycle and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. The GO enrichment analysis in the eyeball showed differential expression of genes involved in the nervous system development, camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation, neuron projection morphogenesis, axon development, and calcium-induced calcium release activity; enriched pathways included the circadian entrainment and glutamatergic synapses. No increased susceptibility to EAU in offspring gestated from parental remitting EAU was observed at a low-dose 75 μg IRBP induction. These results suggested that parental uveitis in a moderate-susceptible population could affect the skin development and DEG profiles of skin and eyeball related to the response to endogenous stimulus, the PPAR signaling pathway, and glutamatergic synapse, which provides the molecular evidence to explain the influence of parental uveitis on offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Guangnian Yin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kaijiao Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Feilan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, PR China.
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10
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Kang D, Liu Z, Qian C, Huang J, Zhou Y, Mao X, Qu Q, Liu B, Wang J, Hu Z, Miao Y. 3D bioprinting of a gelatin-alginate hydrogel for tissue-engineered hair follicle regeneration. Acta Biomater 2022:S1742-7061(22)00142-8. [PMID: 35288311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) regeneration remains challenging, principally due to the absence of a platform that can successfully generate the microenvironmental cues of hair neogenesis. Here, we demonstrate a 3D bioprinting technique based on a gelatin/alginate hydrogel (GAH) to construct a multilayer composite scaffold simulating the HF microenvironment in vivo. Fibroblasts (FBs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), dermal papilla cells (DPCs), and epidermal cells (EPCs) were encapsulated in GAH (prepared from a mixture of gelatin and alginate) and respectively 3D-bioprinted into the different layers of a composite scaffold. The bioprinted scaffold with epidermis- and dermis-like structure was subsequently transplanted into full-thickness wounds in nude mice. The multilayer scaffold demonstrated suitable cytocompatibility and increased the proliferation ability of DPCs (1.2-fold; P < 0.05). It also facilitated the formation of self-aggregating DPC spheroids and restored DPC genes associated with hair induction (ALP, β-catenin, and α-SMA). The dermal and epidermal cells self-assembled successfully into immature HFs in vitro. HFs were regenerated in the appropriate orientation in vivo, which can mainly be attributed to the hierarchical grid structure of the scaffold and the dot bioprinting of DPCs. Our 3D printed scaffolds provide a suitable microenvironment for DPCs to regenerate entire HFs and could make a significant contribution in the medical management of hair loss. This method may also have broader applications in skin tissue (and appendage) engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hair loss remains a challenging clinical problem that influences quality of life. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a useful tool for the fabrication of tissue constructs for transplantation and other biomedical applications. In this study, we used a 3D bioprinting technique based on a gelatin/alginate hydrogel to construct a multi-layer composite scaffold with cuticular and corium layers to simulate the microenvironment of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in the human body. This new approach permits the controllable formation of self-aggregating spheroids of DPCs in a physiologically relevant extracellular matrix and the initiation of epidermal-mesenchymal interactions, which results in HF formation in vivo. The ability to regenerate entire HFs should have a significant impact on the medical management of hair loss.
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11
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Xiong J, Wu B, Hou Q, Huang X, Jia L, Li Y, Jiang H. Comprehensive Analysis of LncRNA AC010789.1 Delays Androgenic Alopecia Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-21 and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:782750. [PMID: 35242164 PMCID: PMC8886141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.782750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Androgen alopecia (AGA), the most common type of alopecia worldwide, has become an important medical and social issue. Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of various human diseases, including AGA. However, the potential roles of lncRNAs in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and their subsequent relevance for AGA have not been fully elucidated. The current study aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of the lncRNA AC010789.1 in AGA progression. Methods: We investigated the expression levels of AC010789.1 in AGA scalp tissues compared with that in normal tissues and explored the underlying mechanisms using bioinformatics. HFSCs were then isolated from hair follicles of patients with AGA, and an AC010789.1-overexpressing HFSC line was produced and verified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to verify the molecular mechanisms involved. Results: AC010789.1 overexpression promoted the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AC010789.1 overexpression promotes the biological function of HFSCs by downregulating miR-21-5p and TGF-β1 expression but upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results reveal that overexpression of AC010789.1 suppresses AGA progression via downregulation of hsa-miR-21-5p and TGF-β1 and promotion of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, highlighting a potentially promising strategy for AGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yufei Li, ; Hua Jiang,
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yufei Li, ; Hua Jiang,
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12
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Liu C, Xie F, Tyagi D, He Y, Wang PG. Perspectives on miRNAs Targeting DKK1 for Developing Hair Regeneration Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:2957. [PMID: 34831180 PMCID: PMC8616136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) remains an unsolved problem for the well-being of humankind, although multiple important involvements in hair growth have been discovered. Up until now, there is no ideal therapy in clinical practice in terms of efficacy and safety. Ultimately, there is a strong need for developing a feasible remedy for preventing and treating AGA. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical in hair restoration. Thus, AGA treatment via modulating this pathway is rational, although challenging. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is distinctly identified as an inhibitor of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Thus, in order to stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibition of DKK1 is greatly demanding. Studying DKK1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may lay the groundwork for the promotion of hair growth. Bearing in mind that DKK1 inhibition in the balding scalp of AGA certainly makes sense, this review sheds light on the perspectives of miRNA-mediated hair growth for treating AGA via regulating DKK1 and, eventually, modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consequently, certain miRNAs regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via DKK1 inhibition might represent attractive candidates for further studies focusing on promoting hair growth and AGA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (D.P.); (N.R.); (C.L.); (F.X.); (D.T.)
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; (D.P.); (N.R.); (C.L.); (F.X.); (D.T.)
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13
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Yang M, Weng T, Zhang W, Zhang M, He X, Han C, Wang X. The Roles of Non-coding RNA in the Development and Regeneration of Hair Follicles: Current Status and Further Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720879. [PMID: 34708037 PMCID: PMC8542792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common problem that affects almost every age group and is considered to be an issue for cosmetic or psychiatric reasons. The loss of hair follicles (HFs) and hair caused by alopecia impairs self-esteem, thermoregulation, tactile sensation and protection from ultraviolet light. One strategy to solve this problem is HF regeneration. Many signalling pathways and molecules participate in the morphology and regeneration of HF, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Notch. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have significant modulatory roles in HF development and regeneration via regulation of these signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future prospects of ncRNAs in HF regeneration and could prompt novel ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Huang J, Fu D, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang J, Qu Q, Li K, Fan Z, Hu Z, Miao Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Inhibitory Effect of Dihydrotestosterone-Treated 2D- and 3D-Cultured Dermal Papilla Cells on Hair Follicle Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724310. [PMID: 34604224 PMCID: PMC8484716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal papillae are a target of androgen action in patients with androgenic alopecia, where androgen acts on the epidermis of hair follicles in a paracrine manner. To mimic the complexity of the dermal papilla microenvironment, a better culture model of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) is needed. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated two-dimensional (2D)- and 3D-cultured DPCs on hair follicle growth. 2D- and 3D-cultured DPC proliferation was inhibited after co-culturing with outer root sheath (ORS) cells under DHT treatment. Moreover, gene expression levels of β-catenin and neural cell adhesion molecules were significantly decreased and those of cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in 2D- and 3D-cultured DPCs with increasing DHT concentrations. ORS cell proliferation also significantly increased after co-culturing in the control-3D model compared with the control-2D model. Ki67 downregulation and cleaved caspase-3 upregulation in DHT-treated 2D and 3D groups significantly inhibited ORS cell proliferation. Sequencing showed an increase in the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix synthesis in the 3D model group. Additionally, the top 10 hub genes were identified, and the expression of nine chemokine-related genes in DHT-treated DPCs was found to be significantly increased. We also identified the interactions between transcription factor (TF) genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) with hub genes and the TF-miRNA coregulatory network. Overall, the findings indicate that 3D-cultured DPCs are more representative of in vivo conditions than 2D-cultured DPCs and contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying androgen-induced alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Xu L, Gao W, Bai S, Duan H, Pan X, Wu W. MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium: An effective method for in vitro culture of mouse dermal papilla cells with osteogenic differentiation potential. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:828. [PMID: 34149874 PMCID: PMC8200806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells are pluripotent and have a self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential in vitro. As hair follicle stem cells can be easily sampled from the skin and hair of clinical patients at a considerable quantity, these cells have potential applications in wound repair and skin tissue engineering. Effective approaches for the in vitro culture and amplification of mouse hair follicle stem cells, as well as the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and cell source when obtaining mouse-separated cells were examined. Serial subculture was performed in different culture systems. Cell source was detected based on the relevant surface markers derived from mouse hair follicles at the gene and protein levels, and the differential potential was determined. The proliferative ability of hair follicle-derived stem cells obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)/keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSF)-conditioned medium was the highest among all culture systems. The induced group had a stronger osteogenic differentiation potential compared with the non-induced group, indicating that the cells obtained from MEF/KSF-conditioned medium were cells derived from the hair follicle dermal papilla. Therefore, the strong osteogenic differentiation potential of the hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells was screened with MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium following amplification, and biological characteristics similar to those of hair follicle dermal papilla cells were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huichuan Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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16
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Deng Y, Huang F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Su G, Zhao Y. Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Cedrol Nanoemulsion in C57BL/6 Mice and Its Bioavailability. Molecules 2021; 26:1795. [PMID: 33806773 PMCID: PMC8004917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main component of Platycladus orientalis, cedrol has known germinal activity. A range of cedrol formulations have been developed to prevent hair-loss, but compliance remains key issues. In this study, we prepared cedrol nanoemulsion (CE-NE) and determined the particle size and PDI (polydispersion coefficient), investigated the hair growth activity and studied the bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the average particle size of CE-NE is 14.26 ± 0.16 nm, and the PDI value is 0.086 ± 0.019. In vitro drug release investigation and drug release kinetics analysis showed release profile of CE from nanoparticles demonstrates the preferred partition of CE in buffer pH 4.0, the release profile of CE-NE showed a first-order kinetics reaching around 36.7% after 6 h at 37 °C. We artificially depilated the back hair of C57BL/6 mice and compared the efficacy of a designed cedrol nanoemulsion to an existing ointment group. The hair follicles were imaged and quantified using a digital photomicrograph. The results showed that compared with the ointment, CE-NE had positive effects on hair growth, improved drug solubility. Compared with the ointment and 2% minoxidil groups, 50 mg/mL CE-NE led to more robust hair growth. Pharmacokinetics analysis showed that the AUC0-t of CE-NE was 4-fold higher than that of the ointment group, confirming that the bioavailability of the nanoemulsion was greater than that of the ointment. CE-NE also significantly reduced the hair growth time of model mice and significantly increased the growth rate of hair follicles. In conclusion, these data suggest that the nanoemulsion significantly improved the pharmacokinetic properties and hair growth effects cedrol, enhancing its efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Feixue Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiewen Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangyue Su
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (Y.D.); (F.H.); (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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