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Wu T, Wu Y, Li Y, Du Y, Feng S, Wang D, Zhou L. Genome-wide analysis of two different regions of brain reveals the molecular changes of fertility related genes in rln3a -/- mutants in male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 354:114543. [PMID: 38692521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Relaxin3 (rln3) has been associated with various emotional and cognitive processes, including stress, anxiety, learning, memory, motivational behavior, and circadian rhythm. Notably, previous report revealed that Rln3a played an indispensable role in testicular development and male fertility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found that Rln3a is expressed exclusively in the diencephalon* (Di*) of the brain. Deficiency of Rln3a resulted in a significant increase in serum dopamine level and an upregulation of gene expression of gnrh1 and kisspeptin2. To further elucidate the role of Rln3a in fish fertility, we collected two different regions of Di* and hypothalamus (Hyp) tissues for subsequent RNA-seq analysis of both wild-type (rln3a+/+) and rln3a-/- male tilapia. Upon the transcriptomic data, 1136 and 755 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the Di* and Hyp tissues, respectively. In Di*, the up-regulated genes were enriched in circadian rhythm, chemical carcinogenesis, while the down-regulated genes were enriched in type II diabetes mellitus, dopaminergic synapse, and other pathways. In Hyp, the up-regulated genes were enriched in circadian rhythm, pyrimidine metabolism, while the down-regulated genes were enriched in type I diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease, and other pathways. Subsequently, the results of both qRT-PCR and FISH assays highlighted a pronounced up-regulation of core circadian rhythm genes, cry1b and per3, whereas genes such as clocka, clockb, and arntl exhibited down-regulation. Furthermore, the genes associated with dopamine biosynthesis were significantly increased in the Hyp. In summary, the mutation of rln3a in male tilapia resulted in notable changes in circadian rhythm and disease-linked signaling pathways in the Di* and Hyp. These changes might account for the fertility defects observed in rln3a-/- male mutants in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - You Wu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Saining Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xu Q, Ye M, Su Y, Feng L, Zhou L, Xu J, Wang D. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male tilapia lacking a functional rln3b gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132165. [PMID: 38729472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Relaxin 3 is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in reproductive functions of mammals. Previous studies have confirmed that rln3a plays an important role in the male reproduction of tilapia. To further understand the significance of its paralogous gene rln3b in male fertility, we generated a homozygous mutant line of rln3b in Nile tilapia. Our findings indicated that rln3b mutation delayed spermatogenesis and led to abnormal testes structure. Knocking out rln3b gene resulted in a decrease in sperm count, sperm motility and male fish fertility. TUNEL detection revealed a small amount of apoptosis in the testes of rln3b-/- male fish at 390 days after hatching (dah). RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that mutation of rln3b gene caused a significant downregulation of steroid synthesis-related genes such as cyp17a1, cyp11b2, germ cell marker gene, Vasa, and gonadal somatic cell marker genes of amh and amhr2. Furthermore, we found a significant down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes, while a significantly up-regulation of the dopamine synthetase gene in the rln3b-/- male fish. Taken together, our data strongly suggested that Rln3b played a crucial role in the fertility of XY tilapia by regulating HPG axis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Xu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Maolin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Fisheries Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China.
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Tseng PW, Lin CJ, Tsao YH, Kuo WL, Chen HC, Dufour S, Wu GC, Chang CF. The effect of gonadal hormones on the gene expression of brain-pituitary in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 351:114482. [PMID: 38432348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), the brain-pituitary-testis (Gnrh-Gths-Dmrt1) axis plays a vital role in male fate determination and maintenance, and then inhibiting female development in further (puberty). However, the feedback of gonadal hormones on regulating brain signaling remains unclear. In this study, we conducted short-term sex steroid treatment and surgery of gonadectomy to evaluate the feedback regulation between the gonads and the brain. The qPCR results show that male phase had the highest gths transcripts; treatment with estradiol-17β (E2) or 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) resulted in the increased pituitary lhb transcripts. After surgery, apart from gnrh1, there is no difference in brain signaling genes between gonadectomy and sham fish. In the diencephalon/mesencephalon transcriptome, de novo assembly generated 283,528 unigenes; however, only 443 (0.16%) genes showed differentially expressed between sham and gonadectomy fish. In the present study, we found that exogenous sex steroids affect the gths transcription; this feedback control is related to the gonadal stage. Furthermore, gonadectomy may not affect gene expression of brain signaling (Gnrh-Gths axis). Our results support the communication between ovotestis and brain signaling (Gnrh-Gths-testicular Dmrt1) for the male fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Tseng
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Tsao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Fakriadis I, Meiri-Ashkenazi I, Bracha C, Rosenfeld H, Corriero A, Zupa R, Pousis C, Papadaki M, Mylonas CC. Gonadotropin expression, pituitary and plasma levels in the reproductive cycle of wild and captive-reared greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 350:114465. [PMID: 38336122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We compared the endocrine status of the pituitary-gonad axis of wild and captive-reared greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) during the reproductive cycle (April - July), reporting on the expression and release of the two gonadotropins for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. Ovaries from wild females were characterized histologically as DEVELOPING in early May and SPAWNING capable in late May-July, the latter having a 3 to 4-fold higher gonadosomatic index (GSI). SPAWNING capable wild females exhibited an increase in pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) content, plasma testosterone (T) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P), while almost a 10-fold increase was observed in pituitary luteinizing hormone (Lh) content. An increasing trend of plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) was also recorded between the two reproductive stages in wild females. Captive-reared females sampled during the reproductive cycle exhibited two additional reproductive categories, with REGRESSED females having extensive follicular atresia and fish in the REGENERATING stage having only primary oocytes in their ovaries. Pituitary content of Fsh and Lh, fshb and lhb expression and plasma levels of Fsh and Lh remained unchanged among the four reproductive stages in captive females, in contrast with plasma E2 and T that decreased in the REGENERATING stage, and 17,20β-P which increased after the DEVELOPING stage. In general, no significant hormonal differences were recorded between captive-reared and wild DEVELOPING females, in contrast to SPAWNING capable females, where pituitary Lh content, plasma Fsh and T were found to be lower in females in captivity. Overall, the captive females lagged behind in reproductive development compared to the wild ones and this was perhaps related to the multiple handling of the sea cages where all the sampled fish were maintained. Between wild males in the DEVELOPING and SPAWNING capable stages, pituitary Lh content, plasma T and 17,20β-P, and GSI exhibited 3 to 4-fold increases, while an increasing trend of pituitary Fsh content, lhb expression levels and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) was also observed, and an opposite trend was observed in plasma Lh. Captive males were allocated to one more category, with REGRESSED individuals having no spermatogenic capacity. During the SPAWNING capable phase, almost all measured parameters were lower in captive males compared to wild ones. More importantly, captive males showed significant differences from their wild counterparts throughout the reproductive season, starting already from the DEVELOPING stage. Therefore, it appears that captivity already exerted negative effects in males prior to the onset of the study and the multiple handling of the cage where sampled fish were reared. Overall, the present study demonstrated that female greater amberjack do undergo full vitellogenesis in captivity, albeit with some dysfunctions that may be related to the husbandry of the experiment, while males, on the other hand, may be more seriously affected by captivity even before the onset of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fakriadis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece; University of Crete, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece.
| | - Iris Meiri-Ashkenazi
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 88112, Israel
| | - Chen Bracha
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 88112, Israel
| | - Hanna Rosenfeld
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Center for Mariculture, Eilat 88112, Israel
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | | | - Maria Papadaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion, Crete 71003, Greece
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Wang B, Paullada-Salmerón JA, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its receptors in teleosts: Physiological roles and mechanisms of actions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 350:114477. [PMID: 38387532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was the first reported hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibiting reproduction in vertebrates. Since its discovery in the quail brain, its orthologs have been identified in a variety of vertebrate species and even protochordates. Depending on the species, the GnIH precursor polypeptides comprise two, three or four mature peptides of the RFamide family. It has been well documented that GnIH inhibits reproduction at the brain-pituitary-gonadal levels and participates in metabolism, stress response, and social behaviors in birds and mammals. However, most studies in fish have mainly been focused on the physiological roles of GnIH in the control of reproduction and results obtained are in some cases conflicting, leaving aside its potential roles in the regulation of other functions. In this manuscript we summarize the information available in fish with respect to the structural diversity of GnIH peptides and functional roles of GnIH in reproduction and other physiological processes. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of GnIH actions on target cells and possible interactions with other neuroendocrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - José A Paullada-Salmerón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Marine Research Institute (INMAR), Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Marine Research Institute (INMAR), Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Cádiz, Spain.
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Kumar TP, Gireesh-Babu P, Vasudevan D, Pavan-Kumar A, Chaudhari A. Characterization of Kiss/Kissr system and expression profiling through developmental stages indicate kiss1 to be the active isotype in Clarias magur. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01343-4. [PMID: 38647980 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss) and kisspeptin receptor (Kissr) system is a key regulator of GnRH expression in several vertebrates. The Indian catfish, Clarias magur, is popular in the Indian sub-continent, and a neo-type of the Asian catfish, C. batrachus. Catfish breeding is constrained as males do not release milt captivity with/without stimulation. Magur Kiss/Kissr system comprising of kiss1, kiss2, kissr1, and kissr2 genes was characterized for the first time. Full-length mRNA was sequenced using RACE PCR. Neighbor-joining tree of predicted proteins shows one clade of teleost orthologs. Magur whole genome (NCBI GenBank) has single copies of each gene, though yet unannotated/misannotated. Anomalies in the nomenclature of earlier sequences in GenBank were noted. Relative gene expression was profiled during various ontogenic stages, in six tissues including brain and gonads at maturity, and also in brains and gonads of premature and spent fish. Expression of gnrh1, gnrhr1, and gnrhr2 was estimated concomitantly. The kiss1 was the first to be twofold upregulated (P < 0.05) at 12 h post fertilization. Kiss/Kissr genes expressed primarily in the brain, ovary, and testis. Though kiss2 was 10 times higher than kiss1, only kiss1 showed significant modulation across stages and appears to be the active isotype that regulates GnRH in magur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushar P Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | | | - Dileep Vasudevan
- RGCB-Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Annam Pavan-Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
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Fujimori C, Sugimoto K, Ishida M, Yang C, Kayo D, Tomihara S, Sano K, Akazome Y, Oka Y, Kanda S. Long-lasting redundant gnrh1/3 expression in GnRH neurons enabled apparent switching of paralog usage during evolution. iScience 2024; 27:109304. [PMID: 38464591 PMCID: PMC10924128 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Expressed subtype of paralogous genes in functionally homologous cells sometimes show differences across species, the reasons for which have not been explained. The present study examined hypophysiotropic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in vertebrates to investigate this mechanism. These neurons express either gnrh1 or gnrh3 paralogs, depending on the species, and apparent switching of the expressed paralogs in them occurred at least four times in vertebrate evolution. First, we found redundant expression of gnrh1 and gnrh3 in a single neuron in piranha and hypothesized that it may represent an ancestral GnRH system. Moreover, the gnrh1/gnrh3 enhancer of piranha induced reporter RFP/GFP co-expression in a single hypophysiotropic GnRH neuron in both zebrafish and medaka, whose GnRH neurons only express either gnrh3 or gnrh1. Thus, we propose that redundant expression of gnrh1/3 of relatively recent common ancestors may be the key to apparent switching of the paralog usage among present-day species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujimori
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Optics and Imaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Sugimoto
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Ishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daichi Kayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Soma Tomihara
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Akazome
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Shahjahan M, Rahman ML, Ohno Y, Zahangir MM, Ando H. Lunar Age-Dependent Oscillations in Expression of the Genes for Kisspeptin, GnIH, and Their Receptors in the Grass Puffer during the Spawning Season. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:97-104. [PMID: 38587522 DOI: 10.2108/zs230061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Grass puffer is a semilunar-synchronized spawner: spawning occurs on beaches only for several days of spring tide around new moon (lunar age 0) and full moon (lunar age 15) every 2 weeks from spring to early summer. To investigate the role of kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the semilunar-synchronized spawning, lunar age-dependent expression of the genes encoding kisspeptin (kiss2), kisspeptin receptor (kissr2), GnIH (gnih), GnIH receptor (gnihr), gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) (gnrh1), and three gonadotropin (GTH) subunits (gpa, fshb, lhb) was examined in the male grass puffer, which was kept in an aquarium under natural light condition in a lunar month during the spawning period. In the brain, both kiss2 and kissr2 showed lunar variations with a peak at lunar age 10, while both gnih and gnihr showed semilunar variations with two peaks at lunar age 0 and 20. On the other hand, gnrh1 showed semilunar variation with two peaks at lunar age 0 and 15. In the pituitary, kiss2, kissr2, gnih, and gnihr showed similar variations to those shown in the brain. The fshb and lhb mRNA levels showed semilunar variations with two peaks at lunar age 0 and 15. The present study shows lunar and semilunar oscillations of kiss2/kissr2 and gnih/gnihr expressions, respectively, with their peaks around spring tide in the brain and pituitary along with the semilunar expressions of gnrh1 and the pituitary GTH subunit genes. These results suggest that the lunar age-dependent expressions of the kisspeptin, GnIH, and their receptor genes may be primarily important in the control of the precisely timed semilunar spawning of the grass puffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lutfar Rahman
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Yuki Ohno
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
| | - Md Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
- Department of Fish Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Ando
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan,
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von Schalburg KR, Gowen BE, Christensen KA, Ignatz EH, Hall JR, Rise ML. The late-evolving salmon and trout join the GnRH1 club. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:517-539. [PMID: 37566258 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the whitefish, an ancient salmonid, expresses three distinct gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) forms in the brain, it has been thought that the later-evolving salmonids (salmon and trout) had only two types of GnRH: GnRH2 and GnRH3. We now provide evidence for the expression of GnRH1 in the gonads of Atlantic salmon by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. We examined six different salmonid genomes and found that each assembly has one gene that likely encodes a viable GnRH1 prepropeptide. In contrast to both functional GnRH2 and GnRH3 paralogs, the GnRH1 homeolog can no longer express the hormone. Furthermore, the viable salmonid GnRH1 mRNA is composed of only three exons, rather than the four exons that build the GnRH2 and GnRH3 mRNAs. Transcribed gnrh1 is broadly expressed (in 17/18 tissues examined), with relative abundance highest in the ovaries. Expression of the gnrh2 and gnrh3 mRNAs is more restricted, primarily to the brain, and not in the gonads. The GnRH1 proximal promoter presents composite binding elements that predict interactions with complexes that contain diverse cell fate and differentiation transcription factors. We provide immunological evidence for GnRH1 peptide in the nucleus of 1-year-old type A spermatogonia and cortical alveoli oocytes. GnRH1 peptide was not detected during other germ cell or reproductive stages. GnRH1 activity in the salmonid gonad may occur only during early stages of development and play a key role in a regulatory network that controls mitotic and/or meiotic processes within the germ cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian R von Schalburg
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada.
| | - Brent E Gowen
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Kris A Christensen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Eric H Ignatz
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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10
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Jan K, Ahmed I, Dar NA, Farah MA, Khan FR, Shah BA, Fazio F. LC-MS/MS based characterisation and differential expression of proteins in Himalayan snow trout, Schizothorax labiatus using LFQ technique. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10134. [PMID: 37349327 PMCID: PMC10287682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of fish muscle proteins are nowadays considered as a key component to understand the role of specific proteins involved in various physiological and metabolic processes including their up and down regulation in the organisms. Coldwater fish specimens including snow trouts hold different types of proteins which help them to survive in highly diversified temperatures fluctuating from 0 to 20 °C. So, in current study, the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using label free quantification technique has been used to investigate the muscle proteome profile of Schizothorax labiatus. For proteomic study, two weight groups of S. labiatus were taken from river Sindh. The proteomic analysis of group 1 revealed that a total of 235 proteins in male and 238 in female fish were recorded. However, when male and female S. labiatus were compared with each other on the basis of spectral count and abundance of peptides by ProteinLynx Global Server software, a total of 14 down-regulated and 22 up-regulated proteins were noted in this group. The highly down-regulated ones included homeodomain protein HoxA2b, retinol-binding protein 4, MHC class II beta chain and proopiomelanocortin while as the highly expressed up-regulated proteins comprised of gonadotropin I beta subunit, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, manganese superoxide dismutase, recombinase-activating protein 2, glycosyltransferase, chymotrypsin and cytochrome b. On the other hand, the proteomic characterisation of group 2 of S. labiatus revealed that a total of 227 proteins in male and 194 in female fish were recorded. When male and female S. labiatus were compared with each other by label free quantification, a total of 20 down-regulated and 18 up-regulated proteins were recorded. The down-regulated protein expression of group 2 comprised hepatic lipase, allograft inflammatory factor-1, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 and myostatin 1 while the highly expressed up-regulated proteins included glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta variant 2, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta variant 5, cholecystokinin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta variant 3 and cytochrome b. Significant (P < 0.05) difference in the expression of down-regulated and up-regulated proteins was also noted between the two sexes of S. labiatus in each group. According to MS analysis, the proteins primarily concerned with the growth, skeletal muscle development and metabolism were down-regulated in river Sindh, which indicates that growth of fish during the season of collection i.e., winter was slow owing to less food availability, gonad development and low metabolic activity. While, the proteins related to immune response of fish were also noted to be down-regulated thereby signifying that the ecosystem has less pollution loads, microbial, pathogenic and anthropogenic activities. It was also found that the proteins involved in glycogen metabolism, reproductive and metabolic processes, particularly lipid metabolism were up-regulated in S. labiatus. The significant expression of these proteins may be connected to pre-spawning, gonad development and use of stored food as source of energy. The information generated in this study can be applied to future research aimed at enhancing food traceability, food safety, risk management and authenticity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Jan
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190 006, India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190 006, India.
| | - Nazir Ahmad Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin Raza Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Basit Amin Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
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11
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Das BC, Ramanan P A, Gorakh SS, Pillai D, Vattiringal Jayadradhan RK. Sub-chronic exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to environmentally relevant concentrations of smaller microplastics: Accumulation and toxico-physiological responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131916. [PMID: 37402322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the accumulation and toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) of polystyrene MPs (1 µm) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) for 14 days. The results showed that 1 µm PS-MPs accumulated in the intestine, gills, liver, spleen, muscle, gonad and brain. RBC, Hb and HCT showed a significant decline, while WBC and PLT showed a significant increase after the exposure. Glucose, total protein, A/G ratio, SGOT, SGPT and ALP showed significant increments in 0.1 and 1 mg/L of PS-MPs treated groups. The increase in cortisol level and upregulation of HSP70 gene expression in response to MPs exposure indicate MPs-mediated stress in tilapia. MPs-induced oxidative stress is evident from reduced SOD activity, increased MDA levels and upregulated P53 gene expression. The immune response was enhanced by inducing respiratory burst activity, MPO activity and serum TNF-α and IgM levels. MPs exposure also led to down-regulation of CYP1A gene and decreased AChE activity, GNRH and vitellogenin levels, indicating the toxicity of MPs on the cellular detoxification mechanism, nervous and reproductive systems. The present study highlights the tissue accumulation of PS-MP and its effects on hematological, biochemical, immunological and physiological responses in tilapia with low environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini C Das
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aparna Ramanan P
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Satkar Sagar Gorakh
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
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12
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Lin W, Luo H, Wu J, Liu X, Cao B, Liu Y, Yang P, Yang J. Polystyrene microplastics enhance the microcystin-LR-induced gonadal damage and reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162664. [PMID: 36894083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of eutrophication and plastic pollution in the aquatic environment is becoming a realistic water pollution problem worldwide. To investigate the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) bioavailability and the underlying reproductive interferences in the presence of polystyrene microplastic (PSMPs), zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to individual MC-LR (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/L) and combined MC-LR + PSMPs (100 μg/L) for 60 d. Our results showed that the existence of PSMPs increased the accumulation of MC-LR in zebrafish gonads compared to the MC-LR-only group. In the MC-LR-only exposure group, seminiferous epithelium deterioration and widened intercellular spaces were observed in the testis, and basal membrane disintegration and zona pellucida invagination were noticed in the ovary. Moreover, the existence of PSMPs exacerbated these injuries. The results of sex hormone levels showed that PSMPs enhanced MC-LR-induced reproductive toxicity, which is tightly related to the abnormal increase of 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. The changes of gnrh2, gnrh3, cyp19a1b, cyp11a, and lhr mRNA levels in the HPG axis further proved that MC-LR combined with PSMPs aggravated reproductive dysfunction. Our results revealed that PSMPs could increase the MC-LR bioaccumulation by serving as a carrier and exaggerate the MC-LR-induced gonadal damage and reproductive endocrine disruption in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Organism Resources and Environmental Ecology, Changde 415000, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde 415000, China
| | - Pinhong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Organism Resources and Environmental Ecology, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Jifeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
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13
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Soloperto S, Olivier S, Poret A, Minier C, Halm-Lemeille MP, Jozet-Alves C, Aroua S. Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on the neuroendocrine gonadotropic system and behavior of European sea bass larvae ( Dicentrarchus labrax). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:198-215. [PMID: 36803253 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2177781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and other estrogenic endocrine disruptors, results in a continuous release of estrogenic compounds into aquatic environments. Xenoestrogens may interfere with the neuroendocrine system of aquatic organisms and may produce various adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to expose European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) to EE2 (0.5 and 50 nM) for 8 d and determine the expression levels of brain aromatase (cyp19a1b), gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrh3), kisspeptins (kiss1, kiss2) and estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a, esr2b, gpera, gperb). Growth and behavior of larvae as evidenced by locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors were measured 8 d after EE2 treatment and a depuration period of 20 d. Exposure to 0.5 nM EE2 induced a significant increase in cyp19a1b expression levels, while upregulation of gnrh2, kiss1, and cyp19a1b expression was noted after 8 d at 50 nM EE2. Standard length at the end of the exposure phase was significantly lower in larvae exposed to 50 nM EE2 than in control; however, this effect was no longer observed after the depuration phase. The upregulation of gnrh2, kiss1, and cyp19a1b expression levels was found in conjunction with elevation in locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors in larvae. Behavioral alterations were still detected at the end of the depuration phase. Evidence indicates that the long-lasting effects of EE2 on behavior might impact normal development and subsequent fitness of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soloperto
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - S Olivier
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - A Poret
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - C Minier
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - M P Halm-Lemeille
- Ifremer Port-en-Bessin, LaboratoireEnvironnement Ressources de Normandie, Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - C Jozet-Alves
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, Caen, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - S Aroua
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
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14
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Wang B, He S, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Editorial: Neuroendocrine regulation of feeding and reproduction in fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1160378. [PMID: 36875484 PMCID: PMC9983636 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - José A. Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Marine Research Institute (INMAR), Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Cádiz, Spain
- The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Cádiz, Spain
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15
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Magnuson JT, Fuller N, McGruer V, Huff Hartz KE, Acuña S, Whitledge GW, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. Effect of temperature and dietary pesticide exposure on neuroendocrine and olfactory responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120938. [PMID: 36572271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Projected water temperature increases based on predicted climate change scenarios and concomitant pesticide exposure raises concern about the responses of aquatic organisms. To better understand the effect of pesticide mixtures and influence of water temperature to fish, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were dietarily exposed to a mixture of legacy and current use pesticides (p,p'-DDE, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, and fipronil) at concentrations detected from field-collected prey items in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California (Delta) and exposed under current and predicted future water temperature scenarios, 11, 14, or 17 °C, for 14 days. The expression of a subset of genes (deiodinase 2-dio2, gonadotropin releasing hormone 2-gnrh2, and catechol-o-methyltransferase-comt) involved in neuroendocrine, dopaminergic, and olfactory function previously shown to be altered by individual pesticide exposures germane to this study were determined and olfactory function assessed using a Y-maze behavioral assay. When total body burdens of pesticides were measured, a significant decrease in dio2 expression was observed in Chinook salmon exposed at 14 °C compared to fish kept at 11 °C. Increases in gnrh2 expression were also observed in fish exposed to 14 °C. Similarly, increases in comt expression was noted at 14 and 17 °C. Additionally, altered expression of all transcripts was observed, showing interactions between temperature and individual pesticide concentrations. Chinook salmon spent significantly more time actively avoiding the odorant arm at baseline conditions of 11 °C in the Y-maze. At higher temperatures, Chinook spent significantly more time not making a choice between the odorant or clean arm following exposure to the low pesticide mixture, relative to 11 °C. These results suggest that dietary exposure to pesticide mixtures can potentially induce neuroendocrine effects and behavior. Impaired olfactory responses exhibited by Chinook salmon could have implications for predator avoidance in the wild under increased temperature scenarios and impact populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
| | - Neil Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, United States
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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16
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Paullada-Salmerón JA, Wang B, Muñoz-Cueto JA. Spexin in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Characterization, brain distribution, and interaction with Gnrh and Gnih neurons. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:314-335. [PMID: 36273249 PMCID: PMC10092896 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spexin (Spx) is a recently characterized neuropeptide implicated in multiple physiological processes in vertebrates, including reproduction, food intake, and regulation of anxiety and stress. Two orthologs (Spx1 and Spx2) are present in some nonmammalian vertebrates, including teleosts. However, information on the distribution of Spx in the brain and its interactions with other neuroendocrine systems in fish is still scarce. In this work, we cloned and sequenced the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Spx1, which included a 27 aa signal peptide and a mature peptide of 14 aa that is C-terminal amidated. spx1 transcripts were higher in the diencephalon/caudal preoptic area/hypothalamus and medulla but were also detected in the olfactory bulbs, telencephalon/rostral preoptic area, optic tectum/tegmentum, cerebellum/pons, and pituitary. The immunohistochemical study revealed Spx1-immunoreactive (ir) cells in different nuclei of the preoptic area, habenula, prethalamus, mesencephalic tegmentum and in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia of the pituitary. Spx1-ir fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain being particularly abundant in the midbrain and hindbrain, in close contact with tegmental gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 (Gnrh2) cells and isthmic gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (Gnih) cells of the secondary gustatory nucleus. Moreover, Gnih fibers were observed innervating Spx1-ir cells lying in several subdivisions of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and in the lateral nucleus of the valvula, whereas ventrolateral prethalamic Spx1-ir cells received immunopositive Gnrh2 fibers. In the pituitary, Gnrh1-ir fibers were observed closely associated with Spx1-ir cells of the PPD. These results suggest that Spx1 could be involved in both reproductive and nonreproductive (i.e., food intake, behavior) functions in sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Paullada-Salmerón
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Marine Research Institute (INMAR), Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - José A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Marine Research Institute (INMAR), Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR) and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Cádiz, Spain
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17
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Ahi EP, Sinclair-Waters M, Donner I, Primmer CR. A pituitary gene network linking vgll3 to regulators of sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111337. [PMID: 36341967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Age at maturity is a key life history trait and a significant contributor to life history strategy variation. The maturation process is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but specific causes of variation in maturation timing remain elusive. In many species, the increase in the regulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) marks the onset of puberty. Atlantic salmon, however, lacks the gnrh1 gene, suggesting gnrh3 and/or other regulatory factors are involved in the maturation process. Earlier research in Atlantic salmon has found a strong association between alternative alleles of vgll3 and maturation timing. Recently we reported strong induction of gonadotropin genes (fshb and lhb) in the pituitary of Atlantic salmon homozygous for the early maturation allele (E) of vgll3. The induction of gonadotropins was accompanied by increased expression of their direct upstream regulators, c-jun and sf1 (nr5a1b) but the regulatory connection between vgll3 and these regulators has never been investigated in any organism. In this study, we investigated the potential regulatory connection between vgll3 genotypes and these regulators through a stepwise approach of identifying a gene regulatory network (GRN) containing c-jun and sf1, and transcription factor motif enrichment analysis. We found a GRN containing c-jun with predicted upstream regulators, e2f1, egr1, foxj1 and klf4, to be differentially expressed in the pituitary. Finally, we suggest a vgll3 and Hippo pathway -dependent model for transcriptional regulation of c-jun and sf1 in the pituitary, which may have broader implications across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marion Sinclair-Waters
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France. https://twitter.com/Marionswaters
| | - Iikki Donner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Xie Y, Xiao K, Cai T, Shi X, Zhou L, Du H, Yang J, Hu G. Neuropeptides and hormones in hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114135. [PMID: 36181879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus and pituitary serve as important neuroendocrine center, which is able to secrete a variety of neuropeptides and hormones to participate in the regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding in fish. Chinese sturgeon is a basal vertebrate lineage fish with a special evolutionary status, but the information on its neuroendocrine system is relatively scarce. Using the transcriptome data on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis of Chinese sturgeon as reference, we found out 46 hypothalamus neuropeptide genes, which were involved in regulation of reproduction, growth, stress and feeding. The results of sequence alignment showed that the neuroendocrine system of Chinese sturgeon evolves slowly, which confirms that Chinese sturgeon is a species with a slow phenotypic evolution rate. In addition, we also isolated six pituitary hormones genes from Chinese sturgeon, including reproductive hormones: follicle-stimulating homone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), growth-related hormones: growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PRL)/somatolactin (SL), and stress-related hormone gene: proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Similar to teleost, immunostaining localization analysis in Chinese sturgeon pituitary showed that LH and FSH were located in the pituitary proximal pars distalis, SL was located in the pituitary rostral pars distalis, and POMC was located in the pituitary pars intermedia and pituitary rostral pars distalis. This study will give a contribution to enrich our information on the neuroendocrine system in Chinese sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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19
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Nyuji M, Hamaguchi M, Shimizu A, Isu S, Yoneda M, Matsuyama M. Development of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for chub mackerel Scomber japonicus gonadotropins and regulation of their secretion in female reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114103. [PMID: 35940318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pituitary gonadotropins (Gths), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh), play critical roles in regulating gonadal development and sexual maturation in vertebrates. We developed non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure Fsh and Lh in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, which is a commercially important scombrid species. Mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for Fsh and Lh, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against both Gths were produced by immunization with hormones purified from chub mackerel pituitaries. These monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used as capture and detection antibodies in the developed sandwich ELISAs. The ELISAs were reproducible, sensitive, and specific for chub mackerel Fsh and Lh. Parallelism between the standard curve and serial dilutions of chub mackerel serum and pituitary extract was observed for both Fsh and Lh ELISAs. Comparison between vitellogenic and immature females revealed that Fsh is secreted during vitellogenesis and Lh is barely released during immaturity. After gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) injection, vitellogenic females showed increases in serum Lh, whereas serum levels of Fsh did not vary. Moreover, the serum steroid profiles revealed that estradiol-17β was continuously produced after GnRHa treatment, whereas 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one secretion was transiently induced. These results indicate that, in vitellogenic females, GnRHa stimulates the release of Lh, but not Fsh, which results in acceleration of vitellogenesis and induction of oocyte maturation via steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Nyuji
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
| | - Masami Hamaguchi
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hatsukaichi Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Sayoko Isu
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Michio Yoneda
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hakatajima Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Imabari 794-2305, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsuyama
- Aqua-Bioresource Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Song Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Tao B, Xu W, Huang Y, Li G, Zhu C, Hu W. Effects of Secretoneurin and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on the Spawning of Captive Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091457. [PMID: 36143493 PMCID: PMC9505948 DOI: 10.3390/life12091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), a pelagic marine species with a global distribution, has considerable worldwide potential as an aquaculture species. However, difficulties have been encountered in inducing spontaneous spawning in cultured fish stocks. In this study, we analysed the key regulatory factors, secretoneurin (SN) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), in greater amberjack. Active peptides of SN and GnRH, SdSNa, and SdGnRH, respectively, were obtained by comparative analysis of homologous proteins from different species. Amino acid substitutions of the SdGnRH decapeptide at position 6 with a dextrorotatory (D) amino acid and at position 10 with an ethylamide group yielded a super-active agonist (SdGnRHa). The injection of SdSNa and SdGnRHa elevated luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and oxytocin levels in the sera of sexually mature fish, whereas it reduced the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, in response to the SdSNa and SdGnRHa injections, we detected an increase in the expression of genes associated with oocyte development and spermatogenesis. We established that the greater amberjack cultured along the southern coast of China reached sexual maturity at three years of age, and its reproductive season extended from February to April. Spawning of the cultured greater amberjack was successfully induced with a single injection of SdGnRHa/SdSN/DOM/HCG. Our findings indicate that similar to GnRHa, SNa is a potential stimulator of reproduction that can be used to artificially induce spawning in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Song
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yinjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modem Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (W.H.)
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21
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Ahi EP, Sinclair-Waters M, Moustakas-Verho J, Jansouz S, Primmer CR. Strong regulatory effects of vgll3 genotype on reproductive axis gene expression in juvenile male Atlantic salmon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 325:114055. [PMID: 35580687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Age at maturity is a major contributor to the diversity of life history strategies in organisms. The process of maturation is influenced by both genetics and the environment, and includes changes in levels of sex hormones and behavior, but the specific factors leading to variation in maturation timing are poorly understood. gnrh1 regulates the transcription of gonadotropin genes at pubertal onset in many species, but this gene is lacking in certain teleost species including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which raises the possibility of the involvement of other important regulatory factors during this process. Earlier research has reported a strong association of alternative alleles of the vgll3 gene with maturation timing in Atlantic salmon, suggesting it as a potential candidate regulating reproductive axis genes. Here, we investigated the expression of reproductive axis genes in one-year-old Atlantic salmon males with immature gonads and different vgll3 genotypes during the spawning period. We detected strong vgll3 genotype-dependent differential expression of reproductive axis genes (such as fshb, lhb, amh and igf3) tested in the pituitary, and testis. In addition, we observed differential expression of jun (ap1) and nr5a1b (sf1), potential upstream regulators of gonadotropins in the pituitary, as well as axin2, id3, insl3, itch, ptgs2a and ptger4b, the downstream targets of amh and igf3 in the testis. Hereby, we provide evidence of strong vgll3 genotype-dependent transcriptional regulation of reproductive axis genes prior to sexual maturation and suggest alternative models for distinct actions of vgll3 genotypes on the related molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marion Sinclair-Waters
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacqueline Moustakas-Verho
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Shadi Jansouz
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland.
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22
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Miranda LA, Somoza GM. Effects of Anthropic Pollutants Identified in Pampas Lakes on the Development and Reproduction of Pejerrey Fish Odontesthes bonariensis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:939986. [PMID: 35899023 PMCID: PMC9310068 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.939986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropic activities can seriously affect the health of the organisms inhabiting them, and the observation of any alteration in the reproduction of fish could be associated with the presence of endocrine disruptors. In this manuscript we have collected information on the adverse effects of pollutants (heavy metals, environmental steroids, and agrochemicals), present in Chascomús lake, Argentina, either at environmentally relevant and pharmacological concentrations on reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival of pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis. During development, it has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) feminized and reduced larval survival, while 17α-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) not only feminized but also affected both embryo and larval survival. In adult male fish, treatments with EE2 and E2 + EE2 were able to increase mRNA abundance of gnrh3 and cyp19a1b and decreased those of gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhcgr). Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and copper negatively affected sperm quality, diminishing the motility. Also, a decrease in the percentage of hatching rate and larval survival was also observed with the same metals, highlighting zinc as the most detrimental metal. Furthermore, all these metals altered the expression of hypothalamic and pituitary genes related to reproduction in male pejerrey (gnrh1,2,3; cyp19a1b; fshb; lhb; fshr and, lhcgr). Moreover, in all cases pyknotic cells, corresponding to the degeneration of the germ cells, were observed in the testes of exposed fish. For agrochemicals, exposure of male pejerrey to environmental concentrations of glyphosate did not cause alterations on the endocrine reproductive axis. However, male pejerrey with gonadal abnormalities such as the presence of intersex (testis-ova) gonads were found in other Pampa´s lakes with high concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate associated with soybean and corn crops near their coasts. These types of studies demonstrate that pejerrey, an endemic species with economic importance inhabiting the Pampas shallow lakes, can be used as a sentinel species. It should be noted that increased pollution of aquatic ecosystems and the effects on the reproduction of organisms can lead to a decline in fish populations worldwide. Which, added to overfishing and other external factors such as global warming, could cause an eventual extinction of an emblematic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A. Miranda
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Leandro A. Miranda,
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), San Martín, Argentina
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23
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Sun A, Yan X, Sun J, Tian Z, Wang W, Hu H. Presence of GnRH3 in sturgeon and the roles of GnRH1 and GnRH2 on the regulation of LH/FSH in mature female sterlet Acipenser ruthenus in vitro. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114026. [PMID: 35395226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), ArGnRH1, ArGnRH2, and ArGnRH3, were identified in sterlet. Compared with their orthologue, ArGnRH1 and ArGnRH2 have conserved core decapeptide but show low identity in the signal peptide and the rest of the sequences. The existence of the GnRH3 paralogue of sturgeon was predicted for the first time with TBLASTN by using the amino acid sequences of catshark and whale shark GnRH3 precursor as queries against the whole genome and transcript data of sterlet. The predicted ArGnRH3 cDNA sequence was composed of three exons containing all the elements of the GnRH family. The successful molecular cloning of GnRH3 from sterlets verified its expression in the brain of sturgeons. The analysis of the ArGnRH3 amino acid sequence revealed a completely conserved decapeptide sequence that shows 100% identity with the sequence of teleosts and differs in one amino acid with that of the cartilaginous fish (catshark and whale shark) at the 5th position. The structure of the phylogenetic tree showed that a total of 52 vertebrate GnRH sequences were clustered into three main clades corresponding to GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3. The ArGnRH3 sequence is the oldest GnRH3 identified in teleosts. The tissue distribution analysis showed that ArGnRH1 was expressed in all the 13 examined tissues of females and in most of the tested tissues of male fish, with the highest expression in the pituitary and hypothalamus. ArGnRH2 is only expressed in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and gonads of both female and male sterlets. ArGnRH3 mRNA could be detected in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and gonad in both female and male fish. It is also present in the spleen, head kidney, and gill in female fish and in kidney and heart in male fish. However, the ArGnRH3 only showed weak expression in all the positive tissues. ArGnRH1 and ArGnRH2 active decapeptides were synthesized to investigate their roles on the regulation of LH/FSH using a mixed brain cell line from a sexually mature female sterlet. The results showed that ArGnRH1 and ArGnRH2 exerted different effects on the gene expression and release of gonadotropins. ArGnRH1 promoted the expression of fshβ significantly around 48 h, and the expression was suppressed when the treatment time was extended to 72 h. ArGnRH1 had no significant effects on the level of either mRNA or secreted lh in any of the tested treatment length or concentrations. Moreover, ArGnRH1 did not stimulate the activity of gonadotropins in the maturation stage of female sturgeons. ArGnRH2 promoted the expression of fshβ at 24 h and 48 h and increased mRNA level of lhβ at 6 h and 48 h, accompanied by the significant secretion of LH at 72 h, although the high mRNA level of fsh did not correlate with the secretion of FSH in ArGnRH2-treated groups. In conclusion, ArGnRH2 plays an important role in the maturation stage of female sterlets. Therefore, ArGnRH2 has the potential to induce ovulation and spermiation in sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sun
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaohui Tian
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China
| | - Hongxia Hu
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center (Beijing) & Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing 100068, China.
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24
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Zahangir MM, Rahman ML, Ando H. Anomalous Temperature Interdicts the Reproductive Activity in Fish: Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Reproductive Function in Response to Water Temperature. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902257. [PMID: 35685278 PMCID: PMC9171195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are poikilotherm and small changes in water temperature can greatly affect physiological processes including reproduction, which is regulated by complex neuroendocrine mechanisms that respond to climatic events. This review provides evidence that anomalous high and low temperature may directly affect reproduction in fish by suppressing the expression of genes in the reproductive neuroendocrine system. The grass puffer, Takifugu alboplumbeus, is an excellent animal model for studying the thermal regulation of reproduction, for they exhibit periodic spawning activities, which are synchronized with seasonal, lunar and daily cycles. In the grass puffer, the expression of the genes encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 1, kisspeptin, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and their receptors were markedly suppressed in the diencephalon of fish exposed to high temperature (28°C) when compared to normal temperature (21°C), followed by the decrease in the pituitary mRNA levels for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH). On the other hand, the exposure to low temperature (14°C) also inhibited the expression of gnrh1, kiss2, gnih and their receptor genes in the brain and fshb, lhb, gh and prl in the pituitary. Taken together, it is plausible that anomalous high and low temperature may be a proximate driver of termination of reproduction by suppressing the activity of the reproductive GnRH/kisspeptin/GnIH system, possibly through direct action of temperature signals at transcription level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Japan
- Department of Fish Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lutfar Rahman
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Ando
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Japan
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25
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Tanaka S, Zmora N, Levavi-Sivan B, Zohar Y. Chemogenetic Depletion of Hypophysiotropic GnRH Neurons Does Not Affect Fertility in Mature Female Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105596. [PMID: 35628411 PMCID: PMC9143870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypophysiotropic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its neurons are crucial for vertebrate reproduction, primarily in regulating luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and ovulation. However, in zebrafish, which lack GnRH1, and instead possess GnRH3 as the hypophysiotropic form, GnRH3 gene knockout did not affect reproduction. However, early-stage ablation of all GnRH3 neurons causes infertility in females, implicating GnRH3 neurons, rather than GnRH3 peptides in female reproduction. To determine the role of GnRH3 neurons in the reproduction of adult females, a Tg(gnrh3:Gal4ff; UAS:nfsb-mCherry) line was generated to facilitate a chemogenetic conditional ablation of GnRH3 neurons. Following ablation, there was a reduction of preoptic area GnRH3 neurons by an average of 85.3%, which was associated with reduced pituitary projections and gnrh3 mRNA levels. However, plasma LH levels were unaffected, and the ablated females displayed normal reproductive capacity. There was no correlation between the number of remaining GnRH3 neurons and reproductive performance. Though it is possible that the few remaining GnRH3 neurons can still induce an LH surge, our findings are consistent with the idea that GnRH and its neurons are likely dispensable for LH surge in zebrafish. Altogether, our results resurrected questions regarding the functional homology of the hypophysiotropic GnRH1 and GnRH3 in controlling ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; (S.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nilli Zmora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; (S.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; (S.T.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Zohar Y, Zmora N, Trudeau VL, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Golan M. A half century of fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones: Breaking paradigms. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13069. [PMID: 34913529 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) is also celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. This review provides a chronological history of fish GnRH biology over the past five decades. It demonstrates how discoveries in fish regarding GnRH and GnRH receptor multiplicity, dynamic interactions between GnRH neurons, and additional neuroendocrine factors acting alongside GnRH, amongst others, have driven a paradigm shift in our understanding of GnRH systems and functions in vertebrates, including mammals. The role of technological innovations in enabling scientific discoveries is portrayed, as well as how fundamental research in fish GnRH led to translational outcomes in aquaculture. The interchange between fish and mammalian GnRH research is discussed, as is the value and utility of using fish models for advancing GnRH biology. Current challenges and future perspectives are presented, with the hope of expanding the dialogue and collaborations within the neuroendocrinology scientific community at large, capitalizing on diversifying model animals and the use of comparative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nilli Zmora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - José A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences and University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz and European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Matan Golan
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Letziyon, Israel
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27
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Sivalingam M, Ogawa S, Trudeau VL, Parhar IS. Conserved functions of hypothalamic kisspeptin in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 317:113973. [PMID: 34971635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin encoded by KISS1/Kiss1 gene emerged as a regulator of the reproductive axis in mammals following the discovery of the kisspeptin receptor (Kissr) and its role in reproduction. Kisspeptin-Kissr systems have been investigated in various vertebrates, and a conserved sequence of kisspeptin-Kissr has been identified in most vertebrate species except in the avian linage. In addition, multiple paralogs of kisspeptin sequences have been identified in the non-mammalian vertebrates. The allegedly conserved role of kisspeptin-Kissr in reproduction became debatable when kiss/kissr genes-deficient zebrafish and medaka showed no apparent effect on the onset of puberty, sexual development, maturation and reproductive capacity. Therefore, it is questionable whether the role of kisspeptin in reproduction is conserved among vertebrate species. Here we discuss from a comparative and evolutional aspect the diverse functions of kisspeptin and its receptor in vertebrates. Primarily this review focuses on the role of hypothalamic kisspeptin in reproductive and non-reproductive functions that are conserved in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mageswary Sivalingam
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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28
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Campo A, Dufour S, Rousseau K. Tachykinins, new players in the control of reproduction and food intake: A comparative review in mammals and teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1056939. [PMID: 36589829 PMCID: PMC9800884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1056939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the tachykinin system includes tachykinin genes, which encode one or two peptides each, and tachykinin receptors. The complexity of this system is reinforced by the massive conservation of gene duplicates after the whole-genome duplication events that occurred in vertebrates and furthermore in teleosts. Added to this, the expression of the tachykinin system is more widespread than first thought, being found beyond the brain and gut. The discovery of the co-expression of neurokinin B, encoded by the tachykinin 3 gene, and kisspeptin/dynorphin in neurons involved in the generation of GnRH pulse, in mammals, put a spotlight on the tachykinin system in vertebrate reproductive physiology. As food intake and reproduction are linked processes, and considering that hypothalamic hormones classically involved in the control of reproduction are reported to regulate also appetite and energy homeostasis, it is of interest to look at the potential involvement of tachykinins in these two major physiological functions. The purpose of this review is thus to provide first a general overview of the tachykinin system in mammals and teleosts, before giving a state of the art on the different levels of action of tachykinins in the control of reproduction and food intake. This work has been conducted with a comparative point of view, highlighting the major similarities and differences of tachykinin systems and actions between mammals and teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Campo
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsion, Israel
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit PhyMA Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation CNRS, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Karine Rousseau,
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Thompson WA, Vijayan MM. Antidepressants as Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895064. [PMID: 35784526 PMCID: PMC9245512 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As antidepressant usage by the global population continues to increase, their persistent detection in aquatic habitats from municipal wastewater effluent release has led to concerns of possible impacts on non-target organisms, including fish. These pharmaceuticals have been marketed as mood-altering drugs, specifically targeting the monoaminergic signaling in the brain of humans. However, the monoaminergic systems are highly conserved and involved in the modulation of a multitude of endocrine functions in vertebrates. While most studies exploring possible impact of antidepressants on fish have focused on behavioural perturbations, a smaller spotlight has been placed on the endocrine functions, especially related to reproduction, growth, and the stress response. The purpose of this review is to highlight the possible role of antidepressants as endocrine disruptors in fish. While studies linking the effects of environmentally relevant levels of antidepressant on the endocrine system in fish are sparse, the emerging evidence suggests that early-life exposure to these compounds have the potential to alter the developmental programming of the endocrine system, which could persist as long-term and multigenerational effects in teleosts.
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Li W, Du R, Xia C, Zhang H, Xie Y, Gao X, Ouyang Y, Yin Z, Hu G. Novel pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost: The link between reproduction and feeding regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:982297. [PMID: 36303873 PMCID: PMC9595134 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.982297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), as a vital hypothalamic neuropeptide, was a key regulator for pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the vertebrate. However, little is known about the other pituitary actions of GnRH in teleost. In the present study, two GnRH variants (namely, GnRH2 and GnRH3) and four GnRH receptors (namely, GnRHR1, GnRHR2, GnRHR3, and GnRHR4) had been isolated from grass carp. Tissue distribution displayed that GnRHR4 was more highly detected in the pituitary than the other three GnRHRs. Interestingly, ligand-receptor selectivity showed that GnRHR4 displayed a similar and high binding affinity for grass carp GnRH2 and GnRH3. Using primary culture grass carp pituitary cells as model, we found that both GnRH2 and GnRH3 could not only significantly induce pituitary reproductive hormone gene (GtHα, LHβ, FSHβ, INHBa, secretogranin-2) mRNA expression mediated by AC/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways but also reduce dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) mRNA expression via the Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathway. Interestingly, GnRH2 and GnRH3 could also stimulate anorexigenic peptide (POMCb, CART2, UTS1, NMBa, and NMBb) mRNA expression via AC/PKA, PLC/IP3/PKC, and Ca2+/CaM/CaMK-II pathways in grass carp pituitary cells. In addition, food intake could significantly induce brain GnRH2 mRNA expression. These results indicated that GnRH should be the coupling factor to integrate the feeding metabolism and reproduction in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixin Du
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhui Xia
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Gao
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Yin, ; Guangfu Hu,
| | - Guangfu Hu
- Hubei Province Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan Yin, ; Guangfu Hu,
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31
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Hypothalamic kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptors: Species variation in reproduction and reproductive behaviours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 64:100951. [PMID: 34757093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by the KISS1 gene, was first discovered as a potential metastasis suppressor gene. The prepro-kisspeptin precursor is cleaved into shorter mature bioactive peptides of varying sizes that bind to the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (=KISS1R). Over the last two decades, multiple types of Kiss and KissR genes have been discovered in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species, but they are remarkably absent in birds. Kiss neuronal populations are distributed mainly in the hypothalamus. The KissRs are widely distributed in the brain, including the hypothalamic and non-hypothalamic regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and habenula. The role of KISS1-KISS1R in humans and Kiss1-Kiss1R in rodents is associated with puberty, gonadal maturation, and the reproductive axis. However, recent gene deletion studies in zebrafish and medaka have provided controversial results, suggesting that the reproductive role of kiss is dispensable. This review highlights the evolutionary history, localisation, and significance of Kiss-KissR in reproduction and reproductive behaviours in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates.
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32
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Wang B, Mechaly AS, Somoza GM. Overview and New Insights Into the Diversity, Evolution, Role, and Regulation of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors in Teleost Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:862614. [PMID: 35392133 PMCID: PMC8982144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.862614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, kisspeptin (Kiss) has been identified as an important player in the regulation of reproduction and other physiological functions in vertebrates, including several fish species. To date, two ligands (Kiss1, Kiss2) and three kisspeptin receptors (Kissr1, Kissr2, Kissr3) have been identified in teleosts, likely due to whole-genome duplication and loss of genes that occurred early in teleost evolution. Recent results in zebrafish and medaka mutants have challenged the notion that the kisspeptin system is essential for reproduction in fish, in marked contrast to the situation in mammals. In this context, this review focuses on the role of kisspeptins at three levels of the reproductive, brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis in fish. In addition, this review compiled information on factors controlling the Kiss/Kissr system, such as photoperiod, temperature, nutritional status, sex steroids, neuropeptides, and others. In this article, we summarize the available information on the molecular diversity and evolution, tissue expression and neuroanatomical distribution, functional significance, signaling pathways, and gene regulation of Kiss and Kissr in teleost fishes. Of particular note are recent advances in understanding flatfish kisspeptin systems, which require further study to reveal their structural and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
| | - Alejandro S. Mechaly
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
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Zahangir MM, Shahjahan M, Ando H. Kisspeptin Exhibits Stimulatory Effects on Expression of the Genes for Kisspeptin Receptor, GnRH1 and GTH Subunits in a Gonadal Stage-Dependent Manner in the Grass Puffer, a Semilunar-Synchronized Spawner. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917258. [PMID: 35909525 PMCID: PMC9334799 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin has an important role in the regulation of reproduction by directly stimulating the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in mammals. In non-mammalian vertebrates, there are multiple kisspeptins (Kiss1 and Kiss2) and kisspeptin receptor types, and the two kisspeptins in teleosts have different effects depending on fish species and reproductive stages, serving reproductive and non-reproductive functions. In the grass puffer, Takifugu alboplumbeus, which has only a single pair of kiss2 and kissr2, both genes display seasonal, diurnal, and circadian oscillations in expression in association with the periodic changes in reproductive functions. To elucidate the role of kisspeptin in this species, homologous kisspeptin peptide (gpKiss2) was administered at different reproductive stages (immature, mature and regressed) and the expression levels of the genes that constitute hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were examined in male grass puffer. gpKiss2 significantly elevated the expression levels of kissr2 and gnrh1 in the brain and kissr2, fshb and lhb in the pituitary of the immature and mature fish. No noticeable effect was observed for kiss2, gnih, gnihr, gnrh2 and gnrh3 in the brain and gpa in the pituitary. In the regressed fish, gpKiss2 was ineffective in stimulating the expression of the gnrh1 and GTH subunit genes, while it stimulated and downregulated the kissr2 expression in the brain and pituitary, respectively. The present results indicate that Kiss2 has a stimulatory role in the expression of GnRH1/GTH subunit genes by upregulating the kissr2 expression in the brain and pituitary at both immature and mature stages, but this role is mostly ineffective at regressed stage in the grass puffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Md. Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Ando
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hironori Ando,
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Wang B, Wang K, Tian Z, Cui A, Liu X, Jin Z, Liu X, Jiang Y, Xu Y. New evidence for SPX2 in regulating the brain-pituitary reproductive axis of half-smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984797. [PMID: 35979437 PMCID: PMC9376245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide, which was first identified in human proteome by data mining. Two orthologs (SPX1 and SPX2) are present in some non-mammalian species, including teleosts. It has been demonstrated that SPX1 is involved in reproduction and food intake, whereas the functional role of SPX2 is still absent in any vertebrate. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the actions of intraperitoneal injection of endogenous SPX2 peptide on the expression levels of some key reproductive genes of the brain-pituitary axis in half-smooth tongue sole. Our data showed an inhibitory action of SPX2 on brain gnih, spx1, tac3 and pituitary gthα, lhβ mRNA levels. However, SPX2 had no significant effect on brain gnihr, gnrh2, gnrh3, kiss2, kiss2r, spx2 expression or pituitary gh expression. On the other hand, SPX2 induced an increase in pituitary fshβ expression. Taken together, our results provide initial evidence for the involvement of SPX2 in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates, which is in accordance with previous studies on SPX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Kaijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering Research Center For Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhenfang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science , Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Engineering Research Center For Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjiang Xu,
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35
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Trudeau VL. Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Teleost Fish: Concepts and Controversies. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:107-130. [PMID: 34788545 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020420-042015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During the teleost radiation, extensive development of the direct innervation mode of hypothalamo-pituitary communication was accompanied by loss of the median eminence typical of mammals. Cells secreting follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone cells are directly innervated, distinct populations in the anterior pituitary. So far, ∼20 stimulatory and ∼10 inhibitory neuropeptides, 3 amines, and 3 amino acid neurotransmitters are implicated in the control of reproduction. Positive and negative sex steroid feedback loops operate in both sexes. Gene mutation models in zebrafish and medaka now challenge our general understanding of vertebrate neuropeptidergic control. New reproductive neuropeptides are emerging. These include but are not limited to nesfatin 1, neurokinin B, and the secretoneurins. A generalized model for the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is proposed. Hopefully, this will serve as a research framework on diverse species to help explain the evolution of neuroendocrine control and lead to the discovery of new hormones with novel applications. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ,
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36
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Bock SL, Chow MI, Forsgren KL, Lema SC. Widespread alterations to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling underlie high temperature reproductive inhibition in the eurythermal sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111447. [PMID: 34469772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish experiencing abnormally high or prolonged elevations in temperature can exhibit impaired reproduction, even for species adapted to warm water environments. Such high temperature inhibition of reproduction has been linked to diminished gonadal steroidogenesis, but the mechanisms whereby hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis signaling is impacted by high temperature are not fully understood. Here, we characterized differences in HPG status in adult sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), a eurythermal salt marsh and estuarine species of eastern North America, exposed for 14 d to temperatures of 27 °C or 37 °C. Males and females at 37 °C had lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) values compared to fish at 27 °C, and females at 37 °C had fewer spawning capable eggs and lower circulating 17β-estradiol (E2). Gene transcripts encoding gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-3 (gnrh3) were higher in relative abundance in the hypothalamus of both sexes at 37 °C. While pituitary mRNAs for the β-subunits of follicle-stimulating hormone (fshβ) and luteinizing hormone (lhβ) were lowered only in males at 37 °C, Fsh and Lh receptor mRNA levels in the gonads were at lower relative levels in both the ovary and testis of fish at 37 °C. Females at 37 °C also showed reduced ovarian mRNA levels for steroid acute regulatory protein (star), P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (cyp11a1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βhsd), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd17β3), and ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a). Females at the higher 37 °C temperature also had a lower liver expression of mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor α (esr1) and several vitellogenin and choriogenin genes, but elevated mRNA levels for hepatic sex hormone-binding globulin (shbg). Our results substantiate prior findings that exposure of fish to high temperature can inhibit gonadal steroidogenesis and oogenesis, and point to declines in reproductive performance emerging from alterations at several levels of HPG axis signaling including increased hypothalamic Gnih expression, depressed gonadal steroidogenesis, and reduced egg yolk and egg envelope protein production in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Bock
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Michelle I Chow
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Kristy L Forsgren
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
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37
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Vissio PG, Di Yorio MP, Pérez-Sirkin DI, Somoza GM, Tsutsui K, Sallemi JE. Developmental aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary network related to reproduction in teleost fish. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100948. [PMID: 34678303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is the main system that regulates reproduction in vertebrates through a complex network that involves different neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and pituitary hormones. Considering that this axis is established early on life, the main goal of the present work is to gather information on its development and the actions of its components during early life stages. This review focuses on fish because their neuroanatomical characteristics make them excellent models to study neuroendocrine systems. The following points are discussed: i) developmental functions of the neuroendocrine components of this network, and ii) developmental disruptions that may impact adult reproduction. The importance of the components of this network and their susceptibility to external/internal signals that can alter their specific early functions and/or even the establishment of the reproductive axis, indicate that more studies are necessary to understand this complex and dynamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G Vissio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María P Di Yorio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Pérez-Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Julieta E Sallemi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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38
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Li Y, Zhao T, Liu Y, Lin H, Li S, Zhang Y. Knockout of tac3 genes in zebrafish shows no impairment of reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 311:113839. [PMID: 34181932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of reproduction in vertebrates. However, whether this neuropeptide is dispensable for reproduction in teleosts remains unknown. In order to reveal its authentic functions in fish, in this study, two tachykinin 3 (tac3) genes encoding Nkbs were functional mutated in zebrafish using the Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALEN) technology. We established tac3a-/-, tac3b-/- and tac3a-/-;tac3b-/- mutant lines, and investigated their reproductive performance and ontogeny. According to our study, spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis were not impaired in tac3a-/-, tac3b-/- and tac3a-/-;tac3b-/- mutant lines, but changes in the expression of genes related to reproductive axis were observed after loss of Tac3, suggesting that possible compensatory response was activated to maintained the reproductive function in zebrafish. In summary, our results indicate that mutation of tac3 genes do not disrupt the reproduction in zebrafish unlike in mammals, revealing the plasticity of reproductive neuroendocrine system in the brain of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - TingTing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Rodríguez Gabilondo A, Hernández Pérez L, Martínez Rodríguez R. Hormonal and neuroendocrine control of reproductive function in teleost fish. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.02.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is one of the important physiological events for the maintenance of the species. Hormonal and neuroendocrine regulation of teleost requires multiple and complex interactions along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. Within this axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Steroidogenesis drives reproduction function in which the development and differentiation of gonads. In recent years, new neuropeptides have become the focus of reproductive physiology research as they are involved in the different regulatory mechanisms of these species' growth, metabolism, and reproduction. However, especially in fish, the role of these neuropeptides in the control of reproductive function is not well studied. The study of hormonal and neuroendocrine events that regulate reproduction is crucial for the development and success of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodríguez Gabilondo
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Liz Hernández Pérez
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rebeca Martínez Rodríguez
- Metabolic Modifiers for Aquaculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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Jiang P, Pan X, Zhang W, Dai Z, Lu W. Neuromodulatory effects of GnRH on the caudal neurosecretory Dahlgren cells in female olive flounder. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 307:113754. [PMID: 33711313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is considered a key player in reproduction. The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a unique neurosecretory structure of fish that may be involved in osmoregulation, nutrition, reproduction, and stress-related responses. However, a direct effect of GnRH on Dahlgren cells remains underexplored. Here, we examined the electrophysiological response of Dahlgren cell population of the CNSS to GnRH analog LHRH-A2 and the transcription of related key genes of CNSS. We found that GnRH increased overall firing frequency and may be changed the firing pattern from silent to burst or phasic firing in a subpopulation of Dahlgren cells. The effect of GnRH on a subpopulation of Dahlgren cells firing activity was blocked by the GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) antagonist cetrorelix. A positive correlation was observed between the UII and GnRH-R mRNA levels in CNSS or gonadosomatic index (GSI) during the breeding season. These findings are the first demonstration of the ability of GnRH acts as a modulator within the CNSS and add to our understanding of the physiological role of the CNSS in reproduction and seasonal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Jiang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xinbei Pan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiqi Dai
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
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42
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Marvel M, Levavi-Sivan B, Wong TT, Zmora N, Zohar Y. Gnrh2 maintains reproduction in fasting zebrafish through dynamic neuronal projection changes and regulation of gonadotropin synthesis, oogenesis, and reproductive behaviors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6657. [PMID: 33758252 PMCID: PMC7987954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Restricted food intake, either from lack of food sources or endogenous fasting, during reproductive periods is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom. Considering previous studies show the canonical upstream regulator of reproduction in vertebrates, the hypothalamic Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh), is inhibited in some fasting animals, we sought to understand the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in fasted states. Here, we explore the roles of the midbrain neuropeptide, Gnrh2, in inducing reproduction via its pituitary prevalence, gonadotropin synthesis, gametogenesis, and reproductive outputs in the zebrafish model undergoing different feeding regimes. We discovered a fasting-induced four-fold increase in length and abundance of Gnrh2 neuronal projections to the pituitary and in close proximity to gonadotropes, whereas the hypothalamic Gnrh3 neurons are reduced by six-fold in length. Subsequently, we analyzed the functional roles of Gnrh2 by comparing reproductive parameters of a Gnrh2-depleted model, gnrh2-/-, to wild-type zebrafish undergoing different feeding conditions. We found that Gnrh2 depletion in fasted states compromises spawning success, with associated decreases in gonadotropin production, oogenesis, fecundity, and male courting behavior. Gnrh2 neurons do not compensate in other circumstances by which Gnrh3 is depleted, such as in gnrh3-/- zebrafish, implying that Gnrh2 acts to induce reproduction specifically in fasted zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Marvel
- grid.266673.00000 0001 2177 1144Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ten-Tsao Wong
- grid.266673.00000 0001 2177 1144Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Nilli Zmora
- grid.266673.00000 0001 2177 1144Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Yonathan Zohar
- grid.266673.00000 0001 2177 1144Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
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Zahangir MM, Matsubara H, Ogiso S, Suzuki N, Ueda H, Ando H. Expression dynamics of the genes for the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) at different reproductive stages. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113660. [PMID: 33189658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, a commercially important long-distance migratory fish, return to specific spawning grounds for reproduction. To clarify reproductive neuroendocrine system of the tiger puffer, the changes in the expression levels of the genes encoding three gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), GnIH receptor (GnIH-R), kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the brain and gonadotropin (GTH) subunits, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in the pituitary were examined in the tiger puffer captured in the wild at different reproductive stages, namely immature and mature fish of both sexes, and post-ovulatory females that were obtained by hormonal treatment. The amounts of three gnrh mRNAs, gnih, gnih-r, fshb and lhb were substantially increased in the mature fish compared to the immature fish, especially in the females, and these augmented expressions were drastically decreased in the post-ovulatory females. gh expression showed a slight increase in the mature males. In contrast, kiss2, kiss2r and prl did not show significant changes in the males but significantly decreased in the post-ovulatory females. The present results demonstrate the expression dynamics of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis genes associated with the reproductive conditions and the possible involvement of the GnRH/GnIH/GTH system in the regulation of the sexual maturation and spawning in the wild tiger puffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahiuddin Zahangir
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
| | - Shouzo Ogiso
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Hokkaido University and Hokkaido Aquaculture Promotion Corporation, Sapporo 003-0874, Japan
| | - Hironori Ando
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Island Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan.
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Zhao Y, Chen K, Liu F, Jiang M, Chen Z, Chen H, Song Y, Tao B, Cui X, Li Y, Zhu Z, Chen J, Hu W, Luo D. Dynamic Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing Events Demonstrate Co-Regulation of Testicular Differentiation and Maturation by the Brain and Gonad in Common Carp. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:820463. [PMID: 35222265 PMCID: PMC8867607 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.820463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) accounts for approximately 10% of the annual freshwater aquaculture production and is an ideal model to study cyprinidae reproduction. Female common carp grow faster than the males; therefore, related research presents an opportunity with high application value. Although we have a detailed understanding of common carp's early gonadal differentiation process, information about genome-wide gene expression, regulation, and underlying molecular mechanisms during this process remain limited. Here, time-course data comprising six key stages during testicular differentiation and maturation were investigated to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the testicular development in cyprinid species. After integrating these time-series data sets, common carp genome, including 98,345 novel transcripts and 3,071 novel genes were re-annotated and precisely updated. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway was essential for metabolism during testicular differentiation in the endocrine system of C. carpio. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that genes mainly related to amino acid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis were relatively highly expressed at the testicular undifferentiation stages, whereas genes associated with cell cycle and meiosis were expressed from the beginning of testicular differentiation until maturation. The dynamics of alternative splicing events demonstrated that exon skipping accounted for majority of the alternative splicing events in the testis and the brain during gonad development. Notably, several potential male-specific genes (fanci and sox30) and brain-specific genes (oxt, gad2, and tac1, etc.) were identified. Importantly, we traversed beyond the level of transcription to test for stage- and gonad-specific alternative splicing patterns between the brain and testis. This study is the first to describe a comprehensive landscape of alternative splicing events and gene expression patterns during gonadogenesis in common carp. This work is extremely valuable to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gonadal differentiation in Cyprinidae as well as other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mouyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zonggui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Wei Hu, ; Daji Luo,
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Wei Hu, ; Daji Luo,
| | - Daji Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ji Chen, ; Wei Hu, ; Daji Luo,
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45
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Zohar Y. Fish reproductive biology - Reflecting on five decades of fundamental and translational research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113544. [PMID: 32615136 PMCID: PMC7324349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the broad diversity of species and physiologies and by reproduction-related bottlenecks in aquaculture, the field of fish reproductive biology has rapidly grown over the last five decades. This review provides my perspective on the field during this period, integrating fundamental and applied developments and milestones. Our basic understanding of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis led to overcoming the failure of farmed fish to ovulate and spawn in captivity, allowing us to close the fish life cycle and establish a predictable, year-round production of eggs. Dissecting the molecular and hormonal mechanisms associated with sex determination and differentiation drove technologies for producing better performing mono-sex and reproductively-sterile fish. The growing contingent of passionate fish biologists, together with the availability of innovative platforms such as transgenesis and gene editing, as well as new models such as the zebrafish and medaka, have generated many discoveries, also leading to new insights of reproductive biology in higher vertebrates including humans. Consequently, fish have now been widely accepted as vertebrate reproductive models. Perhaps the best testament of the progress in our discipline is demonstrated at the International Symposia on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ISRPF), at which our scientific family has convened every four years since the grandfather of the field, the late Ronald Billard, organized the inaugural 1977 meeting in Paimpont, France. As the one person who has been fortunate enough to attend all of these meetings since their inception, I have witnessed first-hand the astounding evolution of our field as we capitalized on the molecular and biotechnological revolutions in the life sciences, which enabled us to provide a higher resolution of fish reproductive and endocrine processes, answer more questions, and dive into deeper comprehension. Undoubtedly, the next (five) decades will be similarly exciting as we continue to integrate physiology with genomics, basic and translational research, and the small fish models with the aquacultured species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
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46
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Chaube R, Sharma S, Senthilkumaran B, Bhat SG, Joy KP. Expression profile of kisspeptin2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone2 mRNA during photo-thermal and melatonin treatments in the female air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2403-2419. [PMID: 33030711 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In seasonally breeding vertebrates, extrinsic factors like photoperiod and temperature are major determinants, controlling the annual reproductive cycle. In teleosts, kisspeptin, which occurs in two molecular forms: kisspeptin1 (Kiss1) and kisspetin2 (Kiss2), has been reported to alter gonadotropin (Lh and Fsh) secretion but its effect on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) secretion is not unequivocally proved. In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, we isolated and characterized kiss2 and gnrh2 cDNAs and the present work reports effects of altered photo-thermal conditions and melatonin (MT, a pineal hormone) on their expressions in the brain. The exposure of the catfish to long photoperiod (LP, 16 h light) at normal temperature (NT) or high temperature (HT, 28 °C) at normal photoperiod (NP) for 14 or 28 days stimulated both kiss2 and gnrh2 expression in both gonad resting and preparatory phases with the combination of LP + HT eliciting maximal effects. Short photoperiod (SP, 8 h light) under NT or HT altered the gene expression according to the reproductive phase and temperature. MT that mediates photo-thermal signals to the brain inhibited brain kiss2 and gnrh2 gene expression in the NP + HT, LP + NT, and SP + NT groups. The altered photo-thermal conditions elicited changes in steroidogenic pathway as evident from changes in plasma E2, progesterone, and testosterone levels. The results show that brain kiss2-gnrh2 signaling is involved in photo-thermal-mediated mechanisms controlling reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - B Senthilkumaran
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - S G Bhat
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India
| | - K P Joy
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682022, India.
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Somoza GM, Mechaly AS, Trudeau VL. Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113568. [PMID: 32710898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) has a key role in reproduction by regulating the synthesis and release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland of all vertebrates. About 25 years ago, another neuropeptide, kisspeptin (Kiss1) was discovered as a metastasis suppressor of melanoma cell lines and then found to be essential for mammalian reproduction as a stimulator of hypothalamic Gnrh and regulator of puberty onset. Soon after, a kisspeptin receptor (kissr) was found in the teleost brain. Nowadays, it is known that in most teleosts the kisspeptin system is composed of two ligands, kiss1 and kiss2, and two receptors, kiss2r and kiss3r. Even though both kisspeptin peptides, Kiss1 and Kiss2, have been demonstrated to stimulate gonadotropin synthesis and secretion in different fish species, their actions appear not to be mediated by Gnrh neurons as in mammalian models. In zebrafish and medaka, at least, hypophysiotropic Gnrh neurons do not express Kiss receptors. Furthermore, kisspeptinergic nerve terminals reach luteinizing hormone cells in some fish species, suggesting a direct pituitary action. Recent studies in zebrafish and medaka with targeted mutations of kiss and/or kissr genes reproduce relatively normally. In zebrafish, single gnrh mutants and additionally those having the triple gnrh3 plus 2 kiss mutations can reproduce reasonably well. In these fish, other neuropeptides known to affect gonadotropin secretion were up regulated, suggesting that they may be involved in compensatory responses to maintain reproductive processes. In this context, the present review explores and presents different possibilities of interactions between Kiss, Gnrh and other neuropeptides known to affect reproduction in teleost fish. Our intention is to stimulate a broad discussion on the relative roles of kisspeptin and Gnrh in the control of teleost reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires B7130IWA, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro S Mechaly
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires 7600, Argentina.
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Chehade C, Amaral FG, Branco GS, Cassel M, De Jesus LWO, Costa FG, Bordin SA, Moreira RG, Borella MI. Molecular characterization of different preproGnRHs in Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes): Effects of GnRH on female reproduction. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:720-734. [PMID: 32418283 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key molecule in the initiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Thus, knowledge about GnRH may contribute to the effectiveness of species reproduction. Using a Neotropical tetra Astyanax altiparanae as a fish model species, the GnRH forms were characterized at the molecular level and the role of injected GnRHs in vivo was evaluated. The full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of preproGnRH2 (612 bp) and preproGnRH3 (407 bp) of A. altiparanae were obtained, and the GnRH1 form was not detected. The cDNA sequences of preproGnRH2 and preproGnRH3 were found to be conserved, but a change in the amino acid at position 8 of the GnRH3 decapeptide of A. altiparanae was observed. All the injected GnRHs stimulated lhβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression but not fshβ mRNA expression, and only GnRH2 was able to increase maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) levels and possibly stimulate oocyte release. Furthermore, only GnRH2 was able to start the entire reproductive hormonal cascade and induce spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayrra Chehade
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Amaral
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana S Branco
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cassel
- Department of Education - Bachelor of Science in Animal Science, Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology (IFMT)-Alta Floresta Campus, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Lázaro W O De Jesus
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Morphophysiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiano G Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvana A Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I Borella
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Li J, Ge W. Zebrafish as a model for studying ovarian development: Recent advances from targeted gene knockout studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110778. [PMID: 32142861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian development is a complex process controlled by precise coordination of multiple factors. The targeted gene knockout technique is a powerful tool to study the functions of these factors. The successful application of this technique in mice in the past three decades has significantly enhanced our understanding on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development. Recently, with the advent of genome editing techniques, targeted gene knockout research can be carried out in many species. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model system to study the control of ovarian development. Dozens of genes related to ovarian development have been knocked out in zebrafish in recent years. Much new information and perspectives on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development have been obtained from these mutant zebrafish. Some findings have challenged conventional views. Several genes have been identified for the first time in vertebrates to control ovarian development. Focusing on ovarian development, the purpose of this review is to briefly summarize recent findings using these gene knockout zebrafish models, and compare these findings with mammalian models. These established mutants and rapid development of gene knockout techniques have prompted zebrafish as an ideal animal model for studying ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730070.
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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