1
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Mock JR, Tune MK, Bose PG, McCullough MJ, Doerschuk CM. Comparison of different methods of initiating lung inflammation and the sex-specific effects on inflammatory parameters. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L199-L210. [PMID: 36594854 PMCID: PMC9925158 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00118.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable is an essential element of preclinical research. Sex-specific differences in lung volume, alveolar number, body weight, and the relationship between lung and body weight result in important questions about generating equivalent injuries in males and females so that comparisons in their responses can be assessed. Few studies compare stimulus dosing methods for murine lung models investigating immune responses. To examine sex-specific effects, we explored several dosing techniques for three stimuli, LPS, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and influenza A, on survival, injury parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and immune cell numbers in single-cell lung suspensions after injury. These data demonstrate that body weight-based dosing produced fewer differences between sexes when compared with injury initiated with inocula containing the same number of organisms. Comparison of the lung and body weights showed that females had a greater lung-to-body weight ratio than males. However, in LPS-induced injury, adjusting the dose for sex differences in this ratio in addition to body weight provided no new information about sex differences compared with dosing by body weight alone, most likely due to the variability in measures of the immune response. Studies evaluating BAL volumes revealed that smaller but more lavages resulted in greater returns and lower protein concentrations, particularly in the smaller female lungs. Thus, designing dosing and measurement methods that generate equivalent injuries facilitates comparison of immune responses between sexes. Continued development of methods for both induction and evaluation of injury will likely facilitate identification of sex differences in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Mock
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Miriya K Tune
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pria G Bose
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Morgan J McCullough
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Airways Disease University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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2
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Creisher PS, Seddu K, Mueller AL, Klein SL. Biological Sex and Pregnancy Affect Influenza Pathogenesis and Vaccination. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:111-137. [PMID: 37695427 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Males and females differ in the outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, which depends significantly on age. During seasonal influenza epidemics, young children (< 5 years of age) and aged adults (65+ years of age) are at greatest risk for severe disease, and among these age groups, males tend to suffer a worse outcome from IAV infection than females. Following infection with pandemic strains of IAVs, females of reproductive ages (i.e., 15-49 years of age) experience a worse outcome than their male counterparts. Although females of reproductive ages experience worse outcomes from IAV infection, females typically have greater immune responses to influenza vaccination as compared with males. Among females of reproductive ages, pregnancy is one factor linked to an increased risk of severe outcome of influenza. Small animal models of influenza virus infection and vaccination illustrate that immune responses and repair of damaged tissue following IAV infection also differ between the sexes and impact the outcome of infection. There is growing evidence that sex steroid hormones, including estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone, directly impact immune responses during IAV infection and vaccination. Greater consideration of the combined effects of sex and age as biological variables in epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies of influenza pathogenesis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Creisher
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kumba Seddu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice L Mueller
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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3
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Yahfoufi N, Kadamani AK, Aly S, Al Sharani S, Liang J, Butcher J, Stintzi A, Matar C, Ismail N. Pubertal consumption of R. badensis subspecies acadiensis modulates LPS-induced immune responses and gut microbiome dysbiosis in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:62-75. [PMID: 36174885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development characterized by significant brain remodeling and increased vulnerability to immune challenges. Exposure to an immune challenge such as LPS during puberty can result in inflammation and gut dysbiosis which may lead to altered brain functioning and psychiatric illnesses later in life. However, treatment with probiotics during puberty has been found to mitigate LPS-induced peripheral and central inflammation, prevent LPS-induced changes to the gut microbiota and protect against enduring behavioural disorders in a sex-specific manner. Recent findings from our laboratory revealed that pubertal R. badensis subspecies acadiensis (R. badensis subsp. acadiensis) treatment prevents LPS-induced depression-like behavior and alterations in 5HT1A receptor expression in a sex-specific manner. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to gain mechanistic insights and to investigate the ability of R. badensis subsp. acadiensis consumption during puberty to mitigate the effects of LPS treatment on the immune system and the gut microbiome. Our results revealed that pubertal treatment with R. badensis subsp. acadiensis reduced sickness behaviors in females more than males in a time-specific manner. It also mitigated LPS-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and in TNFα mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of female mice. There were sex-dependent differences in microbiome composition that persisted after LPS injection or R. badensis subsp. acadiensis consumption. R. badensis subsp. acadiensis had greater impact on the microbiota of male mice but female microbiota's were more responsive to LPS treatment. This suggested that female mice microbiota's may be more prone to modulation by this probiotic. These findings emphasize the sex-specific effects of probiotic use during puberty on the structure of the gut microbiome and the immune system and highlight the critical role of gut colonization with probiotics during adolescence on immunomodulation and prevention of the enduring effects of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony K Kadamani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Aly
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Al Sharani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Prevalence of comorbidities and symptoms stratified by severity of illness amongst adult patients with COVID-19: a systematic review. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2022; 7:e5-e23. [PMID: 35582712 PMCID: PMC9081912 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2022.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We performed a systematic review of comorbidities and symptoms of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to evaluate comorbidities, symptoms, and severity. Material and methods We searched databases and extracted comorbidities and symptoms from the included studies. We stratified the similar signs and symptoms in groups and on the basis of severity and compared them with stratified analysis. Individual case reports and case series with < 5 patients were excluded. Results A total of 163 studies with 43,187 patients were included. Mean age was 54.6 years. There were significantly fewer women in the study (43.9% vs. 56.1%, p < 0.0001). Prevalent cardiovascular comorbidities were hypertension (31.9%), obesity (27.9%), hyperlipidemia (26.4%), smoking (18.9%), diabetes mellitus (17.2%), atherosclerotic disease (9.2%) and arrhythmia (5.0%). The most frequently reported constitutional symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (73.9%), fatigue (33.4%), malaise (29.9%), myalgia and/or arthralgia (19.2%), generalized weakness (19.0%), and chills (11.3%). For the cardiovascular system, chest pain and/or tightness were most often reported (19.6%), followed by palpitations (5.2%). Hypertension and diabetes were common in severe disease. Obesity and congestive heart failure were not observed in any non-severe cases. Severe cases compared to non-severe cases more frequently had fever (87.8% vs. 58.5%, p < 0.001), shortness of breath (47.4% vs. 20.6%, p < 0.001), cough (66.8% vs. 62.9%, p < 0.001), sputum production (35.4% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001) and rhinorrhea (32.2% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerotic diseases are common comorbidities across the world, with obesity as the second most common in the US and more common in men.
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Smith CJ, Bilbo SD. Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:633664. [PMID: 33692712 PMCID: PMC7937950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, our social networks are at risk of fracture and many are vulnerable to the negative consequences of social isolation. Importantly, infection itself leads to changes in social behavior as a component of "sickness behavior." Furthermore, as in the case of COVID-19, males and females often differ in their immunological response to infection, and, therefore, in their susceptibility to negative outcomes. In this review, we discuss the many ways in which infection changes social behavior-sometimes to the benefit of the host, and in some instances for the sake of the pathogen-in species ranging from eusocial insects to humans. We also explore the neuroimmune mechanisms by which these changes in social behavior occur. Finally, we touch upon the ways in which the social environment (group living, social isolation, etc.) shapes the immune system and its ability to respond to challenge. Throughout we emphasize how males and females differ in their response to immune activation, both behaviorally and physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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6
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Felgenhauer JL, Brune JE, Long ME, Manicone AM, Chang MY, Brabb TL, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Evaluation of Nutritional Gel Supplementation in C57BL/6J Mice Infected with Mouse-Adapted Influenza A/PR/8/34 Virus. Comp Med 2020; 70:471-486. [PMID: 33323164 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-990138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mice are a common animal model for the study of influenza virus A (IAV). IAV infection causes weight loss due to anorexia and dehydration, which can result in early removal of mice from a study when they reach a humane endpoint. To reduce the number of mice prematurely removed from an experiment, we assessed nutritional gel (NG) supplementation as a support strategy for mice infected with mouse-adapted Influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (A/PR/8/34; H1N1) virus. We hypothesized that, compared with the standard of care (SOC), supplementation with NG would reduce weight loss and increase survival in mice infected with IAV without impacting the initial immune response to infection. To assess the effects of NG, male and female C57BL/6J mice were infected with IAV at low, intermediate, or high doses. When compared with SOC, mice given NG showed a significant decrease in the maximal percent weight loss at all viral doses in males and at the intermediate dose for females. Mice supplemented with NG had no deaths for either sex at the intermediate dose and a significant increase in survival in males at the high viral dose. Supplementation with NG did not alter the viral titer or the pulmonary recruitment of immune cells as measured by cell counts and flow cytometry of cells recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in either sex. However, mice given NG had a significant reduction in IL6 and TNFα in BAL fluid and no significant differences in CCL2, IL4, IL10, CXCL1, CXCL2, and VEGF. The results of this study show that as compared with infected SOC mice, infected mice supplemented with NG have reduced weight loss and increased survival, with males showing a greater benefit. These results suggest that NG should be considered as a support strategy and indicate that sex is an important biologic variable in mice infected with IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Felgenhauer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew E Long
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M Manicone
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thea L Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington;,
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7
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Rogers LRK, de Los Campos G, Mias GI. Microarray Gene Expression Dataset Re-analysis Reveals Variability in Influenza Infection and Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2616. [PMID: 31787983 PMCID: PMC6854009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza, a communicable disease, affects thousands of people worldwide. Young children, elderly, immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women are at higher risk for being infected by the influenza virus. Our study aims to highlight differentially expressed genes in influenza disease compared to influenza vaccination, including variability due to age and sex. To accomplish our goals, we conducted a meta-analysis using publicly available microarray expression data. Our inclusion criteria included subjects with influenza, subjects who received the influenza vaccine and healthy controls. We curated 18 microarray datasets for a total of 3,481 samples (1,277 controls, 297 influenza infection, 1,907 influenza vaccination). We pre-processed the raw microarray expression data in R using packages available to pre-process Affymetrix and Illumina microarray platforms. We used a Box-Cox power transformation of the data prior to our down-stream analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. Statistical analyses were based on linear mixed effects model with all study factors and successive likelihood ratio tests (LRT) to identify differentially-expressed genes. We filtered LRT results by disease (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05) and used a two-tailed 10% quantile cutoff to identify biologically significant genes. Furthermore, we assessed age and sex effects on the disease genes by filtering for genes with a statistically significant (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05) interaction between disease and age, and disease and sex. We identified 4,889 statistically significant genes when we filtered the LRT results by disease factor, and gene enrichment analysis (gene ontology and pathways) included innate immune response, viral process, defense response to virus, Hematopoietic cell lineage and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Our quantile filtered gene lists comprised of 978 genes each associated with influenza infection and vaccination. We also identified 907 and 48 genes with statistically significant (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05) disease-age and disease-sex interactions, respectively. Our meta-analysis approach highlights key gene signatures and their associated pathways for both influenza infection and vaccination. We also were able to identify genes with an age and sex effect. This gives potential for improving current vaccines and exploring genes that are expressed equally across ages when considering universal vaccinations for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavida R K Rogers
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I Mias
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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8
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Jeon JH, Han M, Chang HE, Park SS, Lee JW, Ahn YJ, Hong DJ. Incidence and seasonality of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory infections in the Northern United Arab Emirates. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1378-1384. [PMID: 30900750 PMCID: PMC7166826 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The data on the seasonality of respiratory viruses helps to ensure the optimal vaccination period and to monitor the possible outbreaks of variant type. Objectives This study was designed to describe the molecular epidemiology and seasonality of acute respiratory infection (ARI)‐related respiratory viruses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods Both upper and lower respiratory specimens were collected for the analysis from all the patients who visited the Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital (SKSH) with ARI for over 2 years. The multiplex real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) test was used to detect respiratory viruses, which include human adenovirus, influenza virus (FLU) A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus, human enterovirus, human coronavirus, and human bocavirus. Results A total of 1,362 respiratory samples were collected from 733 (53.8%) male and 629 (46.2%) female patients with ARI who visited the SKSH between November 2015 and February 2018. The rRT‐PCR test revealed an overall positivity rate of 37.2% (507/1362). The positive rate increased during winter; it was highest in December and lowest in September. FLU was the most frequently detected virus (273/1362 [20.0%]), followed by human rhinovirus (146/1362 [10.7%]). The FLU positivity rate showed two peaks, which occurred in August and December. The peak‐to‐low ratio for FLU was 2.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.52‐3.35). Conclusions The pattern of FLU in the UAE parallels to that of temperate countries. The trend of the small peak of FLU in the summer suggests a possibility of semi‐seasonal pattern in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Department of Infectious Disease, Division of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health System Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minje Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Eun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Lee
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Jin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Sharma R, Kearns MM, Sarr F, Ismail N. The adaptive immune and stress responses of adult female CD1 mice following exposure to a viral mimetic. Immunol Lett 2019; 208:30-38. [PMID: 30880119 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a bacterial endotoxin during puberty induces long-term changes to reproductive and non-reproductive behaviours. While the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, we have recently shown that there are age and sex differences in acute immune and stress responses following immune challenge. Given that it is unclear whether viral infections result in similar age and sex differences, the objective of this study was to examine the acute immune and stress responses following exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a viral mimetic, in CD1 mice and to investigate the role of gonadal hormones in these responses. CD1 male and female mice underwent sham-surgery or gonadectomy at 5 or 9 weeks of age. Following one week of recovery, at 6 (pubertal group) or 10 (adult group) weeks of age, mice were treated with either saline or poly(I:C). Poly(I:C) treatment induced greater sickness behaviour in males compared to females and increased peripheral corticosterone in adult mice relative to their pubertal counterparts. Changes in body temperature and central c-Fos expression were more prominent in adult females. Gonadectomy worsened poly(I:C)-induced sickness behaviour and altered body temperature in both sexes. The results demonstrate that adult females display the most pronounced acute changes in body temperature, corticosterone release, and c-Fos expression but show the fastest recovery in sickness behavior, indicating that, compared to males, females display an adaptive physiological response following immune stress due to higher circulating estradiol and progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Sharma
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Fatou Sarr
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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10
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Sex differences in the peripheral and central immune responses following lipopolysaccharide treatment in pubertal and adult CD‐1 mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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Shen J, Guo T, Wang T, Zhen Y, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang ZX, Cai JP, Mao W, Zhu FM, Li JP, Wang ZL, Zhang DM, Liu ML, Shan XY, Zhang BW, Zhu CF, Deng ZH, Yu WJ, Chen Q, Li GL, Yang T, Lu S, Pan QQ, Fan S, Wang XY, Zhao X, Bi XY, Qiao YH, Su PC, Lv R, Li GY, Li HC, Pei B, Jiao LX, Shen G, Liu J, Feng ZH, Su YP, Xie YB, Di WY, Wang XY, Liu X, Zhang XP, Du D, Liu Q, Han Y, Chen JW, Gu M, Baier LJ. HLA-B*07, HLA-DRB1*07, HLA-DRB1*12, and HLA-C*03:02 Strongly Associate With BMI: Data From 1.3 Million Healthy Chinese Adults. Diabetes 2018; 67:861-871. [PMID: 29483183 PMCID: PMC6463754 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strong associations between HLA alleles and infectious and autoimmune diseases are well established. Although obesity is also associated with these diseases, the relationship between HLA and obesity has not been systematically investigated in a large cohort. In the current study, we analyzed the association of HLA alleles with BMI using data from 1.3 million healthy adult donors from the Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP). We found 23 HLA alleles, including 12 low-resolution and 11 high-resolution alleles, were significantly associated with BMI after correction for multiple testing. Alleles associated with high BMI were enriched in haplotypes that were common in both Chinese and European populations, whereas the alleles associated with low BMI were enriched in haplotypes common only in Asians. Alleles B*07, DRB1*07, DRB1*12, and C*03:02 provided the strongest associations with BMI (P = 6.89 × 10-10, 1.32 × 10-9, 1.52 × 10-9, and 4.45 × 10-8, respectively), where B*07 and DRB1*07 also had evidence for sex-specific effects (Pheterogeneity = 0.0067 and 0.00058, respectively). These results, which identify associations between alleles of HLA-B, DRB1, and C with BMI in Chinese young adults, implicate a novel biological connection between HLA alleles and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Yisong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhang
- HLA Laboratory, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- Quality Control Laboratory, China Bone Marrow Program, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Mao
- HLA Laboratory, Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Fa-Ming Zhu
- HLA Laboratory, Zhejiang Blood Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- HLA Laboratory, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen-Lei Wang
- HLA Laboratory, Hebei Blood Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - De-Mei Zhang
- HLA Laboratory, Taiyuan Red Cross Blood Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng-Li Liu
- HLA Laboratory, Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shan
- HLA Laboratory, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Wei Zhang
- HLA Laboratory, Henan Blood Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuan-Fu Zhu
- HLA Laboratory, Shandong Blood Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Jian Yu
- HLA Laboratory, Dalian Red Cross Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- HLA Laboratory, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Liang Li
- HLA Laboratory, Jiangxi Blood Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Health Education, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Qin Pan
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Fan
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yun Bi
- The Center of Immunological Genetics and HLA Typing, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Hui Qiao
- HLA Laboratory, Xinjiang Blood Center, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pin-Can Su
- HLA Laboratory, Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Lv
- HLA Laboratory, Hefei Red Cross Blood Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ying Li
- HLA Laboratory, Gansu Red Cross Blood Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Heng-Cong Li
- HLA Laboratory, Nanning Blood Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Pei
- HLA Laboratory, Xiamen Blood Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Xin Jiao
- HLA Laboratory, Changchun Blood Center, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gang Shen
- HLA Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Liu
- HLA Laboratory, Harbin Red Cross Blood Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Feng
- HLA Laboratory, Qingdao Blood Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Ping Su
- HLA Laboratory, Yueyang Red Cross Blood Center, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Bin Xie
- HLA Laboratory, Changsha Blood Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Ying Di
- HLA Laboratory, Soochow Red Cross Blood Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- HLA Laboratory, CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- HLA Laboratory, Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of HLA Technology, China Bone Marrow Program, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of HLA Technology, China Bone Marrow Program, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of HLA Technology, China Bone Marrow Program, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Increased symptoms of illness following prenatal stress: Can it be prevented by fluoxetine? Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Pathogen-Host Defense in the Evolution of Depression: Insights into Epidemiology, Genetics, Bioregional Differences and Female Preponderance. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:5-27. [PMID: 27629366 PMCID: PMC5143499 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant attention has been paid to the potential adaptive value of depression as it relates to interactions with people in the social world. However, in this review, we outline the rationale of why certain features of depression including its environmental and genetic risk factors, its association with the acute phase response and its age of onset and female preponderance appear to have evolved from human interactions with pathogens in the microbial world. Approaching the relationship between inflammation and depression from this evolutionary perspective yields a number of insights that may reveal important clues regarding the origin and epidemiology of the disorder as well as the persistence of its risk alleles in the modern human genome.
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14
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Prenatal fluoxetine exposure affects cytokine and behavioral response to an immune challenge. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 284:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Hammer C, Stepniak B, Schneider A, Papiol S, Tantra M, Begemann M, Sirén AL, Pardo LA, Sperling S, Mohd Jofrry S, Gurvich A, Jensen N, Ostmeier K, Lühder F, Probst C, Martens H, Gillis M, Saher G, Assogna F, Spalletta G, Stöcker W, Schulz TF, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1143-9. [PMID: 23999527 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype, has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy, cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB, conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status. For mechanistic insight and documentation of AB functionality, in vivo experiments involving mice with deficient blood-brain barrier (ApoE(-/-)) and in vitro endocytosis assays in primary cortical neurons were performed. In 10.5% of subjects, NMDAR-AB (NR1 subunit) of any immunoglobulin isotype were detected, with no difference in seroprevalence, titer or in vitro functionality between patients and healthy controls. Administration of extracted human serum to mice influenced basal and MK-801-induced activity in the open field only in ApoE(-/-) mice injected with NMDAR-AB-positive serum but not in respective controls. Seropositive schizophrenic patients with a history of neurotrauma or birth complications, indicating an at least temporarily compromised blood-brain barrier, had more neurological abnormalities than seronegative patients with comparable history. A common genetic variant (rs524991, P=6.15E-08) as well as past influenza A (P=0.024) or B (P=0.006) infection were identified as predisposing factors for NMDAR-AB seropositivity. The >10% overall seroprevalence of NMDAR-AB of both healthy individuals and patients is unexpectedly high. Clinical significance, however, apparently depends on association with past or present perturbations of blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schneider
- 1] Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [3] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Tantra
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A-L Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L A Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sperling
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Mohd Jofrry
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gurvich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Jensen
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Ostmeier
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Lühder
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Gillis
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Assogna
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - W Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K-A Nave
- 1] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Nguyen AM, Noymer A. Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64198. [PMID: 23717567 PMCID: PMC3661470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2009, the most recent pandemic of influenza A began. We present the first estimates of pandemic mortality based on the newly-released final data on deaths in 2009 and 2010 in the United States. METHODS We obtained data on influenza and pneumonia deaths from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Age- and sex-specific death rates, and age-standardized death rates, were calculated. Using negative binomial Serfling-type methods, excess mortality was calculated separately by sex and age groups. RESULTS In many age groups, observed pneumonia and influenza cause-specific mortality rates in October and November 2009 broke month-specific records since 1959 when the current series of detailed US mortality data began. Compared to the typical pattern of seasonal flu deaths, the 2009 pandemic age-specific mortality, as well as influenza-attributable (excess) mortality, skewed much younger. We estimate 2,634 excess pneumonia and influenza deaths in 2009-10; the excess death rate in 2009 was 0.79 per 100,000. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic influenza mortality skews younger than seasonal influenza. This can be explained by a protective effect due to antigenic cycling. When older cohorts have been previously exposed to a similar antigen, immune memory results in lower death rates at older ages. Age-targeted vaccination of younger people should be considered in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Nguyen
- Palomar Health, Escondido, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Noymer
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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17
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Avitsur R, Maayan R, Weizman A. Neonatal stress modulates sickness behavior: role for proinflammatory cytokines. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 257:59-66. [PMID: 23489747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal stress increased the duration and augmented symptoms of sickness behavior induced by influenza virus infection or endotoxin challenge in mice. Since proinflammatory cytokines were implicated in sickness behavior, the present study sought to determine the effect of neonatal stress on cytokines-induced sickness behavior and on proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Data indicate that separation of mouse pups from the dams at an early age (maternal separation, MSP) increased the duration and augmented some of the symptoms of sickness behavior induced by proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, MSP partially suppressed cytokine and corticosterone secretion in response to endotoxin administration. These data may suggest that MSP increased sensitivity to the effects of proinflammatory cytokines on sickness behavior following an immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Avitsur
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Yaffo, Israel.
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18
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Xiao CT, Giménez-Lirola LG, Halbur PG, Opriessnig T. Increasing porcine PARV4 prevalence with pig age in the U.S. pig population. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:290-6. [PMID: 22728123 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel parvovirus in pigs currently known as porcine PARV4 was recently discovered in pigs in Asia and Europe. The objective of this study was to investigate if porcine PARV4 is present in the U.S. pig population using a newly developed quantitative real-time PCR assay. Lung tissues obtained from 483 pigs across five different age groups with varying disease manifestations (reproductive failure/abortion, enteritis, respiratory disease, systemic/central nervous disease) were tested. While porcine PARV4 DNA was not detected in fetuses (0/28) or suckling pigs (0/15), it was detected in pigs from 10 of 16 states with increasing prevalence rates in the older pigs. Specifically, porcine PARV4 DNA was detected in 5.6% (10/178) of the nursery pigs, 18.7% (44/235) of the grow-finish pigs and 22.2% (6/27) of the mature pigs tested. Genome sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of U.S. porcine PARV4s confirmed that they have similar genomic characteristics and 97.6-99.1% sequence identities to available porcine PARV4 sequences from China, Romania, and the U.K. Porcine PARV4 was identified in 14.4% of respiratory cases and in 11.6% of cases with a history of systemic/central nervous system disease. As strict non-diseased controls were not included in this study, a possible role of porcine PARV4 in these disease manifestations remains inconclusive. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of porcine PARV4 in the U.S. pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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