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Lv X, Gao J, Yang J, Zou Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Song J, Liu Y, Wang L, Xia L, Yu S, Wei Z, Chen L, Hou X. Clinical and functional characterization of a novel KCNJ11 (c.101G > A, p.R34H) mutation associated with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus of the young type 13. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03873-6. [PMID: 38761346 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the clinical features, diagnostic and therapeutic course of a patient with MODY13 caused by KCNJ11 (c.101G > A, p.R34H) and how it contributes to the pathogenesis of MODY13, and to explore new therapeutic targets. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was used to screen prediagnosed individuals and family members with clinically suspected KCNJ11 mutations. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blotting, thallium flux of potassium channels, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the regulation of insulin secretion by the KCNJ11 mutant in MIN6 cells. Daily blood glucose levels were continuously monitored for 14 days in the proband using the ambulatory blood glucose meter (SIBIONICS). RESULTS Mutation screening of the entire exon of the gene identified a heterozygous KCNJ11 (c.101G > A, p.R34H) mutation in the proband and his mother. Cell-based GSIS assays after transfection of MIN6 using wild-type and mutant plasmids revealed that this mutation impaired insulin secretory function. Furthermore, we found that this impaired secretory function is associated with reduced functional activity of the mutant KCNJ11 protein and reduced expression of the insulin secretion-associated exocytosis proteins STXBP1 and SNAP25. CONCLUSION For the first time, we revealed the pathogenic mechanism of KCNJ11 (c.101G > A, p.R34H) associated with MODY13. This mutant can cause alterations in KATP channel activity, reduce sensitivity to glucose stimulation, and impair pancreatic β-cell secretory function by downregulating insulin secretion-associated exocytosis proteins. Therefore, oral sulfonylurea drugs can lower blood glucose levels through pro-insulinotropic effects and are more favorable for patients with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Longqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shijia Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zichun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Chen Y, Hu X, Zhao M. Clinical and genetic characteristics of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 13: A systematic review of the literature. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13520. [PMID: 38095268 PMCID: PMC10925878 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 13 (MODY13), a rare type of monogenic diabetes, is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. To improve early diagnosis and precise treatment, we performed a systematic review and analysis of the literature about MODY13. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese BioMedical (CBM) Literature Database, and Wanfang Database were searched using the following search terms: "MODY13," "KCNJ11 maturity-onset diabetes of the young," "KCNJ11-MODY," "maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 13," and "neonatal diabetes mellitus KCNJ11." The demography, clinical characteristics, and gene mutations of patients were expressed with descriptive statistical methods. RESULTS A total of 33 reports were included in this study, including 75 patients and 28 types of mutations. Thirty-six patients were male. The mean onset age was 25.20 ± 15.26 years. The averages of recorded body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting C-peptide were 23.45 ± 4.56kg/m2 , 10.07 ± 1.96%, and 0.31 ± 0.23nmol/L, respectively. Most of the mutation sites were located in the cytosolic region of N- and C-terminal domains of Kir6.2. Seven patients were reported to have diabetic chronic complications. CONCLUSION MODY13 was diagnosed later than other types of MODY and was associated with low fasting C-peptide. Mutation sites of MODY13 were mostly concentrated in N- and C-terminal intracellular domains. The majority of KCNJ11 gene mutations causing MODY 13 were from G to A. The incidence rates of chronic complications were lower than type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Blagov AV, Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, Popov MA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Inflammation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:11-21. [PMID: 37453498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the damage of insulin-secreting β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. To date, its etiology is not fully understood, despite decades of active search for root causes, and that underlines the complexity of the disease pathogenesis. It was found that mitophagy plays a regulatory role in the development of autoimmune response during T1DM pathogenesis by preventing the accumulation of defective/dysfunctional mitochondria in pancreatic cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to impaired mitophagy with the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to initiating an inflammatory response by elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines and interacting with receptors like those involved in the pathogen-associated response. Moreover, mtROS and mtDNA activate pathways leading to the development of chronic inflammation, which is tightly implicated in T1DM autoimmunity. In this review, we summarized the evidence highlighting the functional role of mitophagy and mitochondria in the development of immune response and chronic inflammation during T1DM pathogenesis. Several anti-inflammatory and mitophagy-related treatment options have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Blagov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), 61/2, Shchepkin Street, Moscow 129110, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3, Solyanka Street, Moscow 109240, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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Research Progress on the Construction and Application of a Diabetic Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065195. [PMID: 36982274 PMCID: PMC10048833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. With economic development and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing yearly. Thus, it has become an increasingly serious public health problem in countries around the world. The etiology of diabetes is complex, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not completely clear. The use of diabetic animal models is helpful in the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of drugs. The emerging vertebrate model of zebrafish has many advantages, such as its small size, large number of eggs, short growth cycle, simple cultivation of adult fish, and effective improvement of experimental efficiency. Thus, this model is highly suitable for research as an animal model of diabetes. This review not only summarizes the advantages of zebrafish as a diabetes model, but also summarizes the construction methods and challenges of zebrafish models of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes complications. This study provides valuable reference information for further study of the pathological mechanisms of diabetes and the research and development of new related therapeutic drugs.
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Wei C, Zhang Z, Fu Q, He Y, Yang T, Sun M. The reversible effects of free fatty acids on sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion are related to the expression and dynamin-mediated endocytosis of KATP channels in pancreatic β cells. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e220221. [PMID: 36398885 PMCID: PMC9782416 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cell-dysfunction results in decreased insulin secretion in response to multiple stimulus. In this study, we investigated the reversible effects of palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA) on insulin secretion and the relationship with pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Methods MIN6 cells were treated with PA and OA for 48 h and then washed out for 24 h to determine the changes in expression and endocytosis of the KATP channels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion (SU-SIS). Results MIN6 cells exposed to PA or OA showed both impaired GSIS and SU-SIS; the former was not restorable, while the latter was reversible with washout of PA or OA. Decreased expressions of both total and surface Kir6.2 and SUR1 and endocytosis of KATP channels were observed, which were also recoverable after washout. When MIN6 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) were cotreated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or dynasore, we found that endocytosis of KATP channels did not change significantly by AICAR but was almost completely blocked by dynasore. Meanwhile, the inhibition of endocytosis of KATP channels after washout could be activated by PIP2. The recovery of SU-SIS after washout was significantly weakened by PIP2, but the decrease of SU-SIS induced by FFAs was not alleviated by dynasore. Conclusions FFAs can cause reversible impairment of SU-SIS on pancreatic β cells. The reversibility of the effects is partial because of the changes of expression and endocytosis of Kir6.2 and SUR1 which was mediated by dynamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqiang He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pipatpolkai T, Usher SG, Vedovato N, Ashcroft FM, Stansfeld PJ. The dynamic interplay of PIP 2 and ATP in the regulation of the K ATP channel. J Physiol 2022; 600:4503-4519. [PMID: 36047384 PMCID: PMC9825998 DOI: 10.1113/jp283345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP ) channels couple the intracellular ATP concentration to insulin secretion. KATP channel activity is inhibited by ATP binding to the Kir6.2 tetramer and activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ). Here, we use molecular dynamics simulation, electrophysiology and fluorescence spectroscopy to show that ATP and PIP2 occupy different binding pockets that share a single amino acid residue, K39. When both ligands are present, simulations suggest that K39 shows a greater preference to co-ordinate with PIP2 than with ATP. They also predict that a neonatal diabetes mutation at K39 (K39R) increases the number of hydrogen bonds formed between K39 and PIP2 , potentially accounting for the reduced ATP inhibition observed in electrophysiological experiments. Our work suggests that PIP2 and ATP interact allosterically to regulate KATP channel activity. KEY POINTS: The KATP channel is activated by the binding of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) lipids and inactivated by the binding of ATP. K39 has the potential to bind to both PIP2 and ATP. A mutation to this residue (K39R) results in neonatal diabetes. This study uses patch-clamp fluorometry, electrophysiology and molecular dynamics simulation. We show that PIP2 competes with ATP for K39, and this reduces channel inhibition by ATP. We show that K39R increases channel affinity to PIP2 by increasing the number of hydrogen bonds with PIP2 , when compared with the wild-type K39. This therefore decreases KATP channel inhibition by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanadet Pipatpolkai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
- OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and DiseaseUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Applied PhysicsKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySolnaSweden
| | - Samuel G. Usher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
- OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and DiseaseUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Natascia Vedovato
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
| | - Frances M. Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUK
| | - Phillip J. Stansfeld
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryWarwickshireUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryWarwickshireUK
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Jha RM, Rani A, Desai SM, Raikwar S, Mihaljevic S, Munoz-Casabella A, Kochanek PM, Catapano J, Winkler E, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan R, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 in Central Nervous System Injury: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11899. [PMID: 34769328 PMCID: PMC8584331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel. Discovered approximately 20 years ago, this channel is normally absent in the CNS but is transcriptionally upregulated after CNS injury. A comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and role of SUR1 in the CNS was published in 2012. Since then, the breadth and depth of understanding of the involvement of this channel in secondary injury has undergone exponential growth: SUR1-TRPM4 inhibition has been shown to decrease cerebral edema and hemorrhage progression in multiple preclinical models as well as in early clinical studies across a range of CNS diseases including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, neuromalignancies, pain, liver failure, status epilepticus, retinopathies and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Given these substantial developments, combined with the timeliness of ongoing clinical trials of SUR1 inhibition, now, another decade later, we review advances pertaining to SUR1-TRPM4 pathobiology in this spectrum of CNS disease-providing an overview of the journey from patch-clamp experiments to phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Shashvat M. Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST—Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Raj Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Akyuz E, Villa C, Beker M, Elibol B. Unraveling the Role of Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in the Hippocampus of an Aβ (1-42)-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030058. [PMID: 32183098 PMCID: PMC7148495 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology and characterized by cognitive deficits and memory loss. The pathogenesis of AD is not yet completely elucidated, and no curative treatment is currently available. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels are important for playing a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and controlling cell excitability, being largely expressed in both excitable and non-excitable tissues, including neurons. Accordingly, the aim of the study is to investigate the role of neuronal Kir channels in AD pathophysiology. The mRNA and protein levels of neuronal Kir2.1, Kir3.1, and Kir6.2 were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis from the hippocampus of an amyloid-β(Aβ)(1-42)-infused rat model of AD. Extracellular deposition of Aβ was confirmed by both histological Congo red staining and immunofluorescence analysis. Significant decreased mRNA and protein levels of Kir2.1 and Kir6.2 channels were observed in the rat model of AD, whereas no differences were found in Kir3.1 channel levels as compared with controls. Our results provide in vivo evidence that Aβ can modulate the expression of these channels, which may represent novel potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Merve Beker
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (M.B.); (B.E.)
| | - Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (M.B.); (B.E.)
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Jha RM, Bell J, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan RK, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Role of Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 and Glibenclamide in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E409. [PMID: 31936452 PMCID: PMC7013742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema and contusion expansion are major determinants of morbidity and mortality after TBI. Current treatment options are reactive, suboptimal and associated with significant side effects. First discovered in models of focal cerebral ischemia, there is increasing evidence that the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1)-Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel plays a key role in these critical secondary injury processes after TBI. Targeted SUR1-TRPM4 channel inhibition with glibenclamide has been shown to reduce edema and progression of hemorrhage, particularly in preclinical models of contusional TBI. Results from small clinical trials evaluating glibenclamide in TBI have been encouraging. A Phase-2 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of intravenous glibenclamide (BIIB093) in brain contusion is actively enrolling subjects. In this comprehensive narrative review, we summarize the molecular basis of SUR1-TRPM4 related pathology and discuss TBI-specific expression patterns, biomarker potential, genetic variation, preclinical experiments, and clinical studies evaluating the utility of treatment with glibenclamide in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | | | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20121 Milan, Italy;
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo and Desio Hospitals, ASST-Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02108, USA;
| | - Raj K. Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d′Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08001 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d′Hebron University Hospital, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06501, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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10
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Boodhansingh KE, Kandasamy B, Mitteer L, Givler S, De Leon DD, Shyng S, Ganguly A, Stanley CA. Novel dominant K ATP channel mutations in infants with congenital hyperinsulinism: Validation by in vitro expression studies and in vivo carrier phenotyping. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2214-2227. [PMID: 31464105 PMCID: PMC6852436 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the genes encoding the two subunits of the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel, ABCC8 and KCNJ11, are the most common finding in children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI). Interpreting novel missense variants in these genes is problematic, because they can be either dominant or recessive mutations, benign polymorphisms, or diabetes mutations. This report describes six novel missense variants in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 that were identified in 11 probands with congenital HI. One of the three ABCC8 mutations (p.Ala1458Thr) and all three KCNJ11 mutations were associated with responsiveness to diazoxide. Sixteen family members carried the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutations; only two had hypoglycemia detected at birth and four others reported symptoms of hypoglycemia. Phenotype testing of seven adult mutation carriers revealed abnormal protein-induced hypoglycemia in all; fasting hypoketotic hypoglycemia was demonstrated in four of the seven. All of six mutations were confirmed to cause dominant pathogenic defects based on in vitro expression studies in COSm6 cells demonstrating normal trafficking, but reduced responses to MgADP and diazoxide. These results indicate a combination of in vitro and in vivo phenotype tests can be used to differentiate dominant from recessive KATP channel HI mutations and personalize management of children with congenital HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E. Boodhansingh
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Balamurugan Kandasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Lauren Mitteer
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Givler
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Diva D. De Leon
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Show‐Ling Shyng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of GeneticsThe Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Charles A. Stanley
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Department of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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11
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Han EH, Singh P, Lee IK, Urrutia R, Chi YI. ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) represses HNF4α-mediated transcription and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13983-13994. [PMID: 31362984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HNF4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α) is one of the master regulators of pancreatic β-cell development and function, and mutations in the HNF4α gene are well-known monogenic causes of diabetes. As a member of the nuclear receptor family, HNF4α exerts its gene regulatory function through various molecular interactions; however, there is a paucity of knowledge of the different functional complexes in which HNF4α participates. Here, to find HNF4α-binding proteins in pancreatic β-cells, we used yeast two-hybrid screening, a mammalian two-hybrid assay, and glutathione S-transferase pulldown approaches, which identified EBP1 (ErbB3-binding protein 1) as a factor that binds HNF4α in a LXXLL motif-mediated manner. In the β-cells, EBP1 suppressed the expression of HNF4α target genes that are implicated in insulin secretion, which is impaired in HNF4α mutation-driven diabetes. The crystal structure of the HNF4α ligand-binding domain in complex with a peptide harboring the EBP1 LXXLL motif at 3.15Å resolution hinted at the molecular basis of the repression. The details of the structure suggested that EBP1's LXXLL motif competes with HNF4α coactivators for the same binding pocket and thereby prevents recruitment of additional transcriptional coactivators. These findings provide further evidence that EBP1 plays multiple cellular roles and is involved in nuclear receptor-mediated gene regulation. Selective disruption of the HNF4α-EBP1 interaction or tissue-specific EBP1 inactivation can enhance HNF4α activities and thereby improve insulin secretion in β-cells, potentially representing a new strategy for managing diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912.,Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Puja Singh
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Young-In Chi
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912 .,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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12
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Zhancheng W, Wenhui J, Yun J, Lingli W, Huijun H, Yan S, Jin L. The dominant models of KCNJ11 E23K and KCNMB1 E65K are associated with essential hypertension (EH) in Asian: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15828. [PMID: 31169684 PMCID: PMC6571424 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The K channel, subfamily J, member-11 (KCNJ11) E23K and β1 subunit of large-conductance Ca-activated K channel (KCNMB1) E65K polymorphisms were shown to be associated with the risk of essential hypertension (EH). However, the results were inconclusive with relatively small sample size. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis to investigate the genetic association between KCNJ11 E23K and KCNMB1 E65K polymorphisms and essential hypertension risk. METHODS Relative studies were collected using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Embase databases. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of associations. RESULTS The dominant models of KCNJ11 E23K (P = .006, OR [95%CI] = 0.45 [0.25, 0.79]) and KCNMB1 E65K (P = .04, OR [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.83, 1.00]) were significantly associated with essential hypertension risk. No significant association was detected between the allelic and recessive models of KCNJ11 E23K and KCNMB1 E65K and the susceptibility of EH. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that the dominant model of KCNMB1 E65K was associated with EH risk in Asian population (P = .003, OR [95%CI] = 0.83 [0.74, 0.94]), but not in Caucasian (P = .74, OR [95%CI] = 1.02 [0.89, 1.18]). CONCLUSIONS The dominant model of KCNJ11 E23K and KCNMB1 E65K might be susceptible factors for essential hypertension. To confirm this result, large-scale case-control studies with more subjects are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhancheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
| | - Ji Wenhui
- Department of Internal medicine, Huajing Community Health Service Centre for Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
| | - Wang Lingli
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
| | - Huang Huijun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
| | - Shen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital
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13
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Mutation screening of INS and KCNJ11 genes in Taiwanese children with type 1B diabetic onset before the age of 5 years. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:734-737. [PMID: 29361385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency. T1D is a heterogeneous disease and is divided into two subtypes according to the presence or absence of pancreatic autoantibodies: type 1A (immune mediated) and type 1B (idiopathic). Genes such as KCNJ11 or INS, which play key roles in β-cell function, provide some insight into the pathogenesis of type 1B diabetes. In this study, we screened 110 Taiwanese children (61 males and 49 females) with T1D onset before the age of 5 years for mutations of INS and KCNJ11. We identified one missense heterozygous mutation in KCNJ11 (c.989A>G, p.Y330C) and no INS mutations among 28 probands. This is the first study to screen patients with autoantibody-negative T1D diagnosed before the age of 5 years for INS and KCNJ11 mutations in Taiwan. Although KCNJ11 mutations are always reported in patients with permanent neonatal diabetes, this gene mutation can be detected after 6 months of age. Further studies in other patients with type 1B diabetes and their families are required to elucidate the contributions of the KCNJ11 mutation to the T1D phenotype.
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14
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Martin GM, Kandasamy B, DiMaio F, Yoshioka C, Shyng SL. Anti-diabetic drug binding site in a mammalian K ATP channel revealed by Cryo-EM. eLife 2017; 6:31054. [PMID: 29035201 PMCID: PMC5655142 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylureas are anti-diabetic medications that act by inhibiting pancreatic KATP channels composed of SUR1 and Kir6.2. The mechanism by which these drugs interact with and inhibit the channel has been extensively investigated, yet it remains unclear where the drug binding pocket resides. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of a hamster SUR1/rat Kir6.2 channel bound to a high-affinity sulfonylurea drug glibenclamide and ATP at 3.63 Å resolution, which reveals unprecedented details of the ATP and glibenclamide binding sites. Importantly, the structure shows for the first time that glibenclamide is lodged in the transmembrane bundle of the SUR1-ABC core connected to the first nucleotide binding domain near the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Mutation of residues predicted to interact with glibenclamide in our model led to reduced sensitivity to glibenclamide. Our structure provides novel mechanistic insights of how sulfonylureas and ATP interact with the KATP channel complex to inhibit channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Balamurugan Kandasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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15
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Han YY, Wang LJ, Zhang L, Zhang WW, Ma KT, Li L, Si JQ. Association between potassium channel SNPs and essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazak Chinese patients. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1999-2006. [PMID: 28962116 PMCID: PMC5609208 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of β1 subunit of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCNMB1) and inwardly rectifying K+ channel, subfamily J, member-11 (KCNJ11) are associated with essential hypertension (EH) in Xinjiang Kazak Chinese patients. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to detect the distribution of selected alleles and genotype frequencies in a cohort of Xinjiang Kazak Chinese patients. Samples from 267 patients with EH and 259 normotensive (NT) controls were analyzed. An unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the risk factors that are associated with the development of EH. Genotype and allele frequency analyses revealed that the frequency of genotypes KCNJ11-rs2285676 and KCNMB1-rs11739136 was not significantly different between the EH and NT groups. Individuals carrying the GG genotype of KCNJ11-rs5219 had a 2.08 times higher risk of having EH than individuals carrying the GA+AA genotype of KCNJ11-rs5219. Furthermore, the G allele frequency of KCNJ11-rs5219 in the EH group was significantly higher than that of the NT group (P=0.048). Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that the body weight and GG genotype of KCNJ11-rs5219 were positively associated with EH in Xinjiang Kazak Chinese patients (P<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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16
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The shifting landscape of KATP channelopathies and the need for 'sharper' therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:789-802. [PMID: 27161588 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels play fundamental roles in the regulation of endocrine, neural and cardiovascular function. Small-molecule inhibitors (e.g., sulfonylurea drugs) or activators (e.g., diazoxide) acting on SUR1 or SUR2 have been used clinically for decades to manage the inappropriate secretion of insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinism and intractable hypertension. More recently, the discovery of rare disease-causing mutations in KATP channel-encoding genes has highlighted the need for new therapeutics for the treatment of certain forms of neonatal diabetes mellitus, congenital hyperinsulinism and Cantu syndrome. Here, we provide a high-level overview of the pathophysiology of these diseases and discuss the development of a flexible high-throughput screening platform to enable the development of new classes of KATP channel modulators.
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17
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Coupling of olfactory receptor and ion channel for rapid and sensitive visualization of odorant response. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:1-7. [PMID: 25931017 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the human smell sensing system, there are about 390 kinds of olfactory receptors (ORs) which bind to various odorants with different affinities and specificities. Characterization and odorant binding pattern analysis of the ORs are essential for understanding of human olfaction and to mimic the olfactory system in various applications. Although various cell-based odorant screening systems have been developed for this purpose, many human ORs (hORs) still remain orphan because of the time-consuming and labor-intensive experimental procedures of the available screening methods. In this study, we constructed an ion channel-coupled hOR for simple odorant detection by rapidly visualizing the odorant response to overcome the limitations of conventional screening systems. The hORs were coupled to the Kir6.2 potassium channel and the fusion proteins were expressed in HEK293 cells. In this system, when an odorant binds to the hORs coupled to the ion channel, a conformational change in the OR occurs, which consequently opens the ion channel to result in ion influx into the cell. This ion influx was then visualized using a membrane potential dye. Cells expressing ion channel-coupled hORs showed high sensitivity and selectivity to their specific odorants, and the odorant-hOR binding pattern was visualized to identify the response of individual hORs to various odorants, as well as the response of various hORs to various odorants. These results indicate that the ion channel-coupled hOR system can be effectively used not only for simple and fast high-throughput odorant screening, but also to visualize the odorant-hOR response pattern.
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18
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Sunita R, Sadewa AH, Farmawati A. Lower HOMA-β values are detected among individuals with variant of E23K polymorphism of potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) gene. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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19
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Duoqi Z, Qing H, Yang H, Yanchun L, Yi X, Li W. Association Between KCNJ11 Gene E23K Polymorphism and Body Composition Together with its Response to Endurance Training. Open Biomed Eng J 2015; 9:121-5. [PMID: 26089990 PMCID: PMC4468587 DOI: 10.2174/1874120701509010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the Association between KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism of Chinese and body composition together with its response to endurance training. Method: 102 biologically unrelated Han nationality male new recruits from northern China volunteered to execute a 5000-m running programme, and the intensity is 95–105% individual lactate threshold. The protocol was lasted for 18 weeks, three times per week. The body composition index, including body weight (WT)、lean body weight (LBW), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (Fat%), was measured before and after training. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism. Results: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the frequency of genotypes in these subjects. Before training, WT, BMI and Fat% in KK group were significantly higher than those in EE and KK group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant difference in LBW among groups (P>0.05). After training, the changes of all body composition index in KK group were bigger significantly greater than those in EE and EK groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: KCNJ11 gene E23K polymorphism might contribute to individual body composition together with its response to endurance training. The body fat content at baseline in KK was more than those in EE and EK groups, and it may hinder that individual to eliminate their body fat during endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Duoqi
- Department of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, 246011, P.R. China
| | - He Qing
- Department of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, 246011, P.R. China
| | - Hu Yang
- Sport Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Li Yanchun
- Sport Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yi
- Sport Science Department, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Sport Science Department, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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20
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Liu NJ, Wu HH, Li YL, Yang Z, Tao XM, Du YP, Wang XC, Lu B, Zhang ZY, Hu RM, Wen J. An analysis of the association between a polymorphism of KCNJ11 and diabetic retinopathy in a Chinese Han population. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:3. [PMID: 25573672 PMCID: PMC4301311 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported that the polymorphism rs5219 of the potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given that diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of T2DM, GWAS have identified a number of potential susceptibility genes for DR. However, only a fraction of them have been replicated in different studies and show consistent genetic associations with the occurrence of DR. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether common variants of KCNJ11 confer DR in a cohort of the Chinese Han population. Methods A case–control study of 580 T2DM patients, including 105 T2DM with DR and 475 T2DM without DR was performed. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of KCNJ11 (rs5219) was genotyped, and its association with DR was explored using a dominant genetic model. Genotyping was performed by iPLEX technology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis controlling for confounders was conducted to evaluate the association between rs5219 and DR. Results The A allele frequency of rs5219 was significantly higher in DR patients than that in the patients without DR (49.01% versus 38.68%, P <0.05). We found the minor A allele could increase the risk to develop DR (ORint = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.139 to 2.192 for allele and P = 0.006, ORint = 1.607, 95% CI: 1.267 to 2.038 for genotype and P <0.001) in the Chinese Han population. Conclusions Our findings provided evidence that KCNJ11 was associated with DR in Chinese Han patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, NO. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200020, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hua Dong Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yan-Ping Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hua Dong Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xuan-Chun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zhao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, NO. 12 Wulumuqi Mid Road, Building 0#, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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21
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Li Q, Chen M, Zhang R, Jiang F, Wang J, Zhou J, Bao Y, Hu C, Jia W. KCNJ11E23K variant is associated with the therapeutic effect of sulphonylureas in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:748-54. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
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22
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Chang WL, Huang CJ, Lei TH, Niu DM, Chiu CY, Jap TS. A novel mutation of KCNJ11 gene in a patient with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 104:e29-32. [PMID: 24468099 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 4-month-old male baby was diagnosed with Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus. We identified a novel missense heterogeneous mutation in the KCNJ11 gene at codon 167 (aTC→tTC) in a region that corresponds to a predicted intracellular gate of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Jui Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsun-Hsiang Lei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Chiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tjin-Shing Jap
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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23
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Abstract
Ion channels are essential for basic cellular function and for processes including sensory perception and intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels facilitate dynamic cellular repolarization during an action potential, opening in response to membrane depolarization to facilitate K+ efflux. In both excitable and nonexcitable cells other, constitutively active, K+ channels provide a relatively constant repolarizing force to control membrane potential, ion homeostasis, and secretory processes. Of the forty known human Kv channel pore-forming α subunits that coassemble in various combinations to form the fundamental tetrameric channel pore and voltage sensor module, KCNQ1 is unique. KCNQ1 stands alone in having the capacity to form either channels that are voltage-dependent and require membrane depolarization for activation, or constitutively active channels. In mammals, KCNQ1 regulates processes including gastric acid secretion, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, salt and glucose homeostasis, and cell volume and in some species is required for rhythmic beating of the heart. In this review, the author discusses the unique functional properties, regulation, cell biology, diverse physiological roles, and involvement in human disease states of this chameleonic K+ channel.
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24
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Ragia G, Tavridou A, Petridis I, Manolopoulos VG. Association of KCNJ11 E23K gene polymorphism with hypoglycemia in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:119-24. [PMID: 22591706 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In addition to sulfonylurea-induced severe hypoglycemia, which however is not common in T2DM patients treated solely with oral hypoglycemic drugs, mild hypoglycemia is a frequent adverse event affecting many patients treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs and has a serious impact in patient adherence to therapy and everyday clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism with incidence of sulfonylurea-induced mild hypoglycemic events. METHODS 176 T2DM patients receiving sulfonylurea were included in the study, including 92 that had experienced drug-associated hypoglycemia and 84 that had never experienced hypoglycemia while on sulfonylurea treatment. KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism was detected by use of PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Frequencies of KCNJ11 E23K genotypes and alleles were not different between hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic T2DM patients (p=0.35 and p=0.47, respectively). In logistic regression analysis before and after adjustment for other factors known to affect this condition (age, body mass index, sulfonylurea mean daily dose, duration of T2DM, renal function and CYP2C9 genotype) KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism did not affect hypoglycemia risk. CONCLUSIONS KCNJ11 E23K polymorphism is not associated with increased risk of mild hypoglycemia in sulfonylurea-treated T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece.
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25
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Han EH, Rha GB, Chi YI. MED25 is a mediator component of HNF4α-driven transcription leading to insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44007. [PMID: 22952853 PMCID: PMC3431373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique nuclear receptor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) is an essential transcriptional regulator for early development and proper function of pancreatic ß-cells, and its mutations are monogenic causes of a dominant inherited form of diabetes referred to as Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young 1 (MODY1). As a gene-specific transcription factor, HNF4α exerts its function through various molecular interactions, but its protein recruiting network has not been fully characterized. Here we report the identification of MED25 as one of the HNF4α binding partners in pancreatic ß-cells leading to insulin secretion which is impaired in MODY patients. MED25 is one of the subunits of the Mediator complex that is required for induction of RNA polymerase II transcription by various transcription factors including nuclear receptors. This HNF4α-MED25 interaction was initially identified by a yeast-two-hybrid method, confirmed by in vivo and in vitro analyses, and proven to be mediated through the MED25-LXXLL motif in a ligand-independent manner. Reporter-gene based transcription assays and siRNA/shRNA-based gene silencing approaches revealed that this interaction is crucial for full activation of HNF4α-mediated transcription, especially expression of target genes implicated in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Selected MODY mutations at the LXXLL motif binding pocket disrupt these interactions and cause impaired insulin secretion through a 'loss-of-function' mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Geun Bae Rha
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Young-In Chi
- Section of Structural Biology, Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Li JY, Li ZB, Zhu M, Liu YQ, Li Y, Wang SW, Zhu QL. Mutational analysis of KCNJ11 in Chinese elderly essential hypertensive patients. J Geriatr Cardiol 2012; 9:153-7. [PMID: 22916062 PMCID: PMC3418905 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1263.2011.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the distribution of KCNJ11 polymorphisms between elderly Chinese population with and without hypertension. Methods We examined the mutation of KCNJ11 gene by directly sequencing. Data for the present study were obtained from 250 hypertensive subjects (60 to 83 years old) as well as 250 normotensive subjects (60 to 86 years old). Results We found nine different mutations in KCNJ11, including six novel mutations (I131M, L147I, L147V, L147L, Q235H, G245C). None of the novel mutations were found in the normotensive subjects, and all the residues were conserved in other species. These sequence variants in Chinese population indicate the diversity of the human library and the complexity of hypertension. Conclusions The consistent finding of our present study provided a basis for the development of new strategies to diagnosis and treat hypertension in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Li
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
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27
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Pattnaik BR, Asuma MP, Spott R, Pillers DAM. Genetic defects in the hotspot of inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels and their metabolic consequences: a review. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:64-72. [PMID: 22079268 PMCID: PMC3253982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels are essential for maintaining normal potassium homeostasis and the resting membrane potential. As a consequence, mutations in Kir channels cause debilitating diseases ranging from cardiac failure to renal, ocular, pancreatic, and neurological abnormalities. Structurally, Kir channels consist of two trans-membrane domains, a pore-forming loop that contains the selectivity filter and two cytoplasmic polar tails. Within the cytoplasmic structure, clusters of amino acid sequences form regulatory domains that interact with cellular metabolites to control the opening and closing of the channel. In this review, we present an overview of Kir channel function and recent progress in the characterization of selected Kir channel mutations that lie in and near a C-terminal cytoplasmic 'hotspot' domain. The resultant molecular mechanisms by which the loss or gain of channel function leads to organ failure provide potential opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions for this important group of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Department of Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Matti P. Asuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Ryan Spott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - De-Ann M. Pillers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Department of Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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28
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Bruederle CE, Gay J, Shyng SL. A role of the sulfonylurea receptor 1 in endocytic trafficking of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Traffic 2011; 12:1242-56. [PMID: 21649805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP) ) channel consisting of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and inward-rectifier potassium channel 6.2 (Kir6.2) has a well-established role in insulin secretion. Mutations in either subunit can lead to disease due to aberrant channel gating, altered channel density at the cell surface or a combination of both. Endocytic trafficking of channels at the plasma membrane is one way to influence surface channel numbers. It has been previously reported that channel endocytosis is dependent on a tyrosine-based motif in Kir6.2, while SUR1 alone is unable to internalize. In this study, we followed endocytic trafficking of surface channels in real time by live-cell imaging of channel subunits tagged with an extracellular minimal α-bungarotoxin-binding peptide labeled with a fluorescent dye. We show that SUR1 undergoes endocytosis independent of Kir6.2. Moreover, mutations in the putative endocytosis motif of Kir6.2, Y330C, Y330A and F333I are unable to prevent channel endocytosis. These findings challenge the notion that Kir6.2 bears the sole endocytic signal for K(ATP) channels and support a role of SUR1 in this trafficking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin E Bruederle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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29
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Flagg TP, Enkvetchakul D, Koster JC, Nichols CG. Muscle KATP channels: recent insights to energy sensing and myoprotection. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:799-829. [PMID: 20664073 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are present in the surface and internal membranes of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells and provide a unique feedback between muscle cell metabolism and electrical activity. In so doing, they can play an important role in the control of contractility, particularly when cellular energetics are compromised, protecting the tissue against calcium overload and fiber damage, but the cost of this protection may be enhanced arrhythmic activity. Generated as complexes of Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 pore-forming subunits with regulatory sulfonylurea receptor subunits, SUR1 or SUR2, the differential assembly of K(ATP) channels in different tissues gives rise to tissue-specific physiological and pharmacological regulation, and hence to the tissue-specific pharmacological control of contractility. The last 10 years have provided insights into the regulation and role of muscle K(ATP) channels, in large part driven by studies of mice in which the protein determinants of channel activity have been deleted or modified. As yet, few human diseases have been correlated with altered muscle K(ATP) activity, but genetically modified animals give important insights to likely pathological roles of aberrant channel activity in different muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Flagg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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30
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Hibino H, Inanobe A, Furutani K, Murakami S, Findlay I, Kurachi Y. Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:291-366. [PMID: 20086079 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1081] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels allow K(+) to move more easily into rather than out of the cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location. There are seven Kir channel subfamilies that can be classified into four functional groups: classical Kir channels (Kir2.x) are constitutively active, G protein-gated Kir channels (Kir3.x) are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors, ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (Kir6.x) are tightly linked to cellular metabolism, and K(+) transport channels (Kir1.x, Kir4.x, Kir5.x, and Kir7.x). Inward rectification results from pore block by intracellular substances such as Mg(2+) and polyamines. Kir channel activity can be modulated by ions, phospholipids, and binding proteins. The basic building block of a Kir channel is made up of two transmembrane helices with cytoplasmic NH(2) and COOH termini and an extracellular loop which folds back to form the pore-lining ion selectivity filter. In vivo, functional Kir channels are composed of four such subunits which are either homo- or heterotetramers. Gene targeting and genetic analysis have linked Kir channel dysfunction to diverse pathologies. The crystal structure of different Kir channels is opening the way to understanding the structure-function relationships of this simple but diverse ion channel family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hibino
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Zhang R, Wang Z, Ling B, Liu Y, Liu C. Docking and molecular dynamics studies on the interaction of four imidazoline derivatives with potassium ion channel (Kir6.2). MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020903141035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Flanagan SE, Clauin S, Bellanné-Chantelot C, de Lonlay P, Harries LW, Gloyn AL, Ellard S. Update of mutations in the genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell K(ATP) channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (ABCC8) in diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinism. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:170-80. [PMID: 18767144 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel is a key component of stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic beta-cell. The channel couples metabolism to membrane electrical events bringing about insulin secretion. Given the critical role of this channel in glucose homeostasis it is therefore not surprising that mutations in the genes encoding for the two essential subunits of the channel can result in both hypo- and hyperglycemia. The channel consists of four subunits of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.2 and four subunits of the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1). It has been known for some time that loss of function mutations in KCNJ11, which encodes for Kir6.2, and ABCC8, which encodes for SUR1, can cause oversecretion of insulin and result in hyperinsulinism of infancy, while activating mutations in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 have recently been described that result in the opposite phenotype of diabetes. This review focuses on reported mutations in both genes, the spectrum of phenotypes, and the implications for treatment on diagnosing patients with mutations in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
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33
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Aittoniemi J, Fotinou C, Craig TJ, de Wet H, Proks P, Ashcroft FM. Review. SUR1: a unique ATP-binding cassette protein that functions as an ion channel regulator. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:257-67. [PMID: 18990670 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUR1 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter with a novel function. In contrast to other ABC proteins, it serves as the regulatory subunit of an ion channel. The ATP-sensitive (KATP) channel is an octameric complex of four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and four regulatory SUR1 subunits, and it links cell metabolism to electrical activity in many cell types. ATPase activity at the nucleotide-binding domains of SUR results in an increase in KATP channel open probability. Conversely, ATP binding to Kir6.2 closes the channel. Metabolic regulation is achieved by the balance between these two opposing effects. Precisely how SUR1 talks to Kir6.2 remains unclear, but recent studies have identified some residues and domains that are involved in both physical and functional interactions between the two proteins. The importance of these interactions is exemplified by the fact that impaired regulation of Kir6.2 by SUR1 results in human disease, with loss-of-function SUR1 mutations causing congenital hyperinsulinism and gain-of-function SUR1 mutations leading to neonatal diabetes. This paper reviews recent data on the regulation of Kir6.2 by SUR1 and considers the molecular mechanisms by which SUR1 mutations produce disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Aittoniemi
- Department of Physiology, Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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34
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Moreau CJ, Dupuis JP, Revilloud J, Arumugam K, Vivaudou M. Coupling ion channels to receptors for biomolecule sensing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 3:620-625. [PMID: 18839002 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale electrical biosensors are promising tools for diagnostics and high-throughput screening systems. The electrical signal allows label-free assays with a high signal-to-noise ratio and fast real-time measurements. The challenge in developing such biosensors lies in functionally connecting a molecule detector to an electrical switch. Advances in this field have relied on synthetic ion-conducting pores and modified ion channels that are not yet suitable for biomolecule screening. Here we report the design and characterization of a novel bioelectric-sensing platform engineered by coupling an ion channel, which serves as the electrical probe, to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell. These ion-channel-coupled receptors may potentially detect a wide range of ligands recognized by natural or altered GPCRs, which are known to be major pharmaceutical targets. This could form a unique platform for label-free drug screening.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biosensing Techniques/methods
- Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Electric Conductivity
- Humans
- Ion Transport/drug effects
- Ligands
- Mice
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Potassium Channels/genetics
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/agonists
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe J Moreau
- Laboratoire des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Structurale (CEA, CNRS, UJF), 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble, France
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35
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Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are composed of four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and four regulatory SUR1 subunits. Binding of ATP to Kir6.2 leads to inhibition of channel activity. Because there are four subunits and thus four ATP-binding sites, four binding events are possible. ATP binds to both the open and closed states of the channel and produces a decrease in the mean open time, a reduction in the mean burst duration, and an increase in the frequency and duration of the interburst closed states. Here, we investigate the mechanism of interaction of ATP with the open state of the channel by analyzing the single-channel kinetics of concatenated Kir6.2 tetramers containing from zero to four mutated Kir6.2 subunits that possess an impaired ATP-binding site. We show that the ATP-dependent decrease in the mean burst duration is well described by a Monod-Wyman-Changeux model in which channel closing is produced by all four subunits acting in a single concerted step. The data are inconsistent with a Hodgkin-Huxley model (four independent steps) or a dimer model (two independent dimers). When the channel is open, ATP binds to a single ATP-binding site with a dissociation constant of 300 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Craig
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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36
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Tammaro P, Flanagan SE, Zadek B, Srinivasan S, Woodhead H, Hameed S, Klimes I, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Ashcroft FM. A Kir6.2 mutation causing severe functional effects in vitro produces neonatal diabetes without the expected neurological complications. Diabetologia 2008; 51:802-10. [PMID: 18335204 PMCID: PMC2292422 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Heterozygous activating mutations in the pancreatic ATP-sensitive K+ channel cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). This results from a decrease in the ability of ATP to close the channel, which thereby suppresses insulin secretion. PNDM mutations that cause a severe reduction in ATP inhibition may produce additional symptoms such as developmental delay and epilepsy. We identified a heterozygous mutation (L164P) in the pore-forming (Kir6.2) subunit of the channel in three unrelated patients and examined its functional effects. METHODS The patients (currently aged 2, 8 and 20 years) developed diabetes shortly after birth. The two younger patients attempted transfer to sulfonylurea therapy but were unsuccessful (up to 1.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). They remain insulin dependent. None of the patients displayed neurological symptoms. Functional properties of wild-type and mutant channels were examined by electrophysiology in Xenopus oocytes. RESULTS Heterozygous (het) and homozygous L164P K(ATP) channels showed a marked reduction in channel inhibition by ATP. Consistent with its predicted location within the pore, L164P enhanced the channel open state, which explains the reduction in ATP sensitivity. HetL164P currents exhibited greatly increased whole-cell currents that were unaffected by sulfonylureas. This explains the inability of sulfonylureas to ameliorate the diabetes of affected patients. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results provide the first demonstration that mutations such as L164P, which produce a severe reduction in ATP sensitivity, do not inevitably cause developmental delay or neurological problems. However, the neonatal diabetes of these patients is unresponsive to sulfonylurea therapy. Functional analysis of PNDM mutations can predict the sulfonylurea response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tammaro
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - S. E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - B. Zadek
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - S. Srinivasan
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales Australia
| | - H. Woodhead
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Hameed
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - I. Klimes
- DIABGENE and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - A. T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S. Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - F. M. Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
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37
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Wulff H, Zhorov BS. K+ channel modulators for the treatment of neurological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1744-73. [PMID: 18476673 PMCID: PMC2714671 DOI: 10.1021/cr078234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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38
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Bahi-Buisson N, El Sabbagh S, Soufflet C, Escande F, Boddaert N, Valayannopoulos V, Bellané-Chantelot C, Lascelles K, Dulac O, Plouin P, de Lonlay P. Myoclonic absence epilepsy with photosensitivity and a gain of function mutation in glutamate dehydrogenase. Seizure 2008; 17:658-64. [PMID: 18321734 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), de novo or dominantly inherited, are responsible for the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome. Epilepsy has been frequently reported in association with mutations in GDH, but the epilepsy phenotype has not been clearly determined. Here, we describe a family with a dominantly inherited mutation in GDH. The mother, brother and both sisters had myoclonic absence seizures, but only the mother and one sister had the complete HI/HA pattern. For the two sisters with myoclonic absences, epilepsy started during the second year of life while the brother, it started at 6 years. All 3 children showed the same EEG pattern characterized by photosensitive generalized and irregular spike-wave discharges and runs of multiple spikes. The mother's EEG recordings were normal without photosensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) were normal. A direct effect of the GDH mutation, perhaps in combination with recurrent hypoglycemia and chronic hyperammonemia could provide a pathophysiological explanation for the epilepsy observed in this syndrome and these are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pediatrique et Maladies Metaboliques, Departement de Pediatrie, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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39
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Abstract
The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels which extensively distribute in diverse tissues (e.g. vascular smooth muscle, cardiac cells, and pancreas) are well-established for characteristics like vasodilatation, myocardial protection against ischemia, and insulin secretion. The aim of this review is to get insight into the novel roles of K(ATP) channels in Parkinson's disease (PD), with consideration of the specificities K(ATP) channels in the central nervous system (CNS), such as the control of neuronal excitability, action potential, mitochondrial function and neurotransmitter release.
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Soundarapandian MM, Zhong X, Peng L, Wu D, Lu Y. Role of KATPchannels in protection against neuronal excitatory insults. J Neurochem 2007; 103:1721-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Ashcroft FM. The Walter B. Cannon Physiology in Perspective Lecture, 2007. ATP-sensitive K+ channels and disease: from molecule to malady. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E880-9. [PMID: 17652156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00348.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This essay is based on a lecture given to the American Physiological Society in honor of Walter B. Cannon, an advocate of homeostasis. It focuses on the role of the ATP-sensitive potassium K(+) (K(ATP)) channel in glucose homeostasis and, in particular, on its role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. The beta-cell K(ATP) channel comprises pore-forming Kir6.2 and regulatory SUR1 subunits, and mutations in either type of subunit can result in too little or too much insulin release. Here, I review the latest information on the relationship between K(ATP) channel structure and function, and consider how mutations in the K(ATP) channel genes lead to neonatal diabetes or congenital hyperinsulinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Ashcroft
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Univ. of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Haider S, Tarasov AI, Craig TJ, Sansom MSP, Ashcroft FM. Identification of the PIP2-binding site on Kir6.2 by molecular modelling and functional analysis. EMBO J 2007; 26:3749-59. [PMID: 17673911 PMCID: PMC1952224 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels couple cell metabolism to electrical activity by regulating K(+) fluxes across the plasma membrane. Channel closure is facilitated by ATP, which binds to the pore-forming subunit (Kir6.2). Conversely, channel opening is potentiated by phosphoinositol bisphosphate (PIP(2)), which binds to Kir6.2 and reduces channel inhibition by ATP. Here, we use homology modelling and ligand docking to identify the PIP(2)-binding site on Kir6.2. The model is consistent with a large amount of functional data and was further tested by mutagenesis. The fatty acyl tails of PIP(2) lie within the membrane and the head group extends downwards to interact with residues in the N terminus (K39, N41, R54), transmembrane domains (K67) and C terminus (R176, R177, E179, R301) of Kir6.2. Our model suggests how PIP(2) increases channel opening and decreases ATP binding and channel inhibition. It is likely to be applicable to the PIP(2)-binding site of other Kir channels, as the residues identified are conserved and influence PIP(2) sensitivity in other Kir channel family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozeb Haider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tim J Craig
- Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Stanik J, Gasperikova D, Paskova M, Barak L, Javorkova J, Jancova E, Ciljakova M, Hlava P, Michalek J, Flanagan SE, Pearson E, Hattersley AT, Ellard S, Klimes I. Prevalence of permanent neonatal diabetes in Slovakia and successful replacement of insulin with sulfonylurea therapy in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutation carriers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1276-82. [PMID: 17213273 PMCID: PMC7611849 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell K(ATP) channel have recently been shown to be the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). Information regarding the frequency of PNDM has been based mainly on nonpopulation or short-term collections only. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the incidence of PNDM in Slovakia and to switch patients to sulfonylurea (SU) where applicable. DESIGN We searched for PNDM patients in the Slovak Children Diabetes Registry. In insulin-treated patients who matched the clinical criteria for PNDM, the KCNJ11 or ABCC8 genes were sequenced, and mutation carriers were invited for replacement of insulin with SU. RESULTS Eight patients with diabetes onset before the sixth month of life without remission were identified since 1981, which corresponds to the PNDM incidence in Slovakia of one case in 215,417 live births. In four patients, three different KCNJ11 mutations were found (R201H, H46Y, and L164P). Three patients with the KCNJ11 mutations (R201H and H46Y) were switched from insulin to SU, decreasing their glycosylated hemoglobin from 9.3-11.0% on insulin to 5.7-6.6% on SU treatment. One patient has a novel V86A mutation in the ABCC8 gene and was also substituted with SU. CONCLUSIONS PNDM frequency in Slovakia is much higher (one in 215,417 live births) than previously suggested from international estimates (about one in 800,000). We identified one ABCC8 and four KCNJ11 mutation carriers, of whom four were successfully transferred to SU, dramatically improving their diabetes control and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Stanik
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, SK 833 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Mankouri J, Taneja TK, Smith AJ, Ponnambalam S, Sivaprasadarao A. Kir6.2 mutations causing neonatal diabetes prevent endocytosis of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. EMBO J 2006; 25:4142-51. [PMID: 16902404 PMCID: PMC1560363 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple the metabolic status of a cell to its membrane potential-a property that endows pancreatic beta-cells with the ability to regulate insulin secretion in accordance with changes in blood glucose. The channel comprises four subunits each of Kir6.2 and the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1). Here, we report that KATP channels undergo rapid internalisation from the plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. We present several lines of evidence to demonstrate that endocytosis is mediated by a tyrosine based signal (330YSKF333) located in the carboxy-terminus of Kir6.2 and that SUR1 has no direct role. We show that genetic mutations, Y330C and F333I, which cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, disrupt this motif and abrogate endocytosis of reconstituted mutant channels. The resultant increase in the surface density of KATP channels would predispose beta-cells to hyperpolarise and may account for reduced insulin secretion in these patients. The data imply that endocytosis of KATP channels plays a crucial role in the (patho)-physiology of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Mankouri
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Tarvinder K Taneja
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. Tel.: +44 0 113 343 4326; Fax: +44 0 113 343 4228; E-mail:
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Flanagan SE, Edghill EL, Gloyn AL, Ellard S, Hattersley AT. Mutations in KCNJ11, which encodes Kir6.2, are a common cause of diabetes diagnosed in the first 6 months of life, with the phenotype determined by genotype. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1190-7. [PMID: 16609879 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11, which encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel, cause both permanent and transient neonatal diabetes. A minority of patients also have neurological features. The identification of a KCNJ11 mutation has important therapeutic implications, as many patients can replace insulin injections with sulfonylurea tablets. We aimed to determine the age of presentation of patients with KCNJ11 mutations and to examine if there was a relationship between genotype and phenotype. SUBJECTS AND METHODS KCNJ11 was sequenced in 239 unrelated patients from 21 countries, who were diagnosed with permanent diabetes before 2 years of age. RESULTS Thirty-one of the 120 patients (26%) diagnosed in the first 26 weeks of life had a KCNJ11 mutation; no mutations were found in the 119 cases (0%) diagnosed after this age. Fourteen different heterozygous mutations were identified, with the majority resulting from de novo mutations. These include seven novel mutations: H46Y, R50Q, G53D C166Y, K170T, L164P and Y330S. All 11 probands with the most common mutation, R201H, had isolated diabetes. In contrast, developmental delay in addition to diabetes was seen in four of five probands with the V59M mutation and two of four with the R201C mutation. Five patients with developmental delay, epilepsy and neonatal diabetes (DEND) syndrome had unique mutations not associated with other phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION KCNJ11 mutations are a common cause of permanent diabetes diagnosed in the first 6 months and all patients diagnosed in this age group should be tested. There is a strong genotype-phenotype relationship with the mutation being an important determinant of associated neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX25DW, UK
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Zünkler BJ. Human ether-a-go-go-related (HERG) gene and ATP-sensitive potassium channels as targets for adverse drug effects. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:12-37. [PMID: 16647758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Torsades de pointes (TdP) arrhythmia is a potentially fatal form of ventricular arrhythmia that occurs under conditions where cardiac repolarization is delayed (as indicated by prolonged QT intervals from electrocardiographic recordings). A likely mechanism for QT interval prolongation and TdP arrhythmias is blockade of the rapid component of the cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr), which is encoded by human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG). Over 100 non-cardiovascular drugs have the potential to induce QT interval prolongations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) or TdP arrhythmias. The binding site of most HERG channel blockers is located inside the central cavity of the channel. An evaluation of possible effects on HERG channels during the development of novel drugs is recommended by international guidelines. During cardiac ischaemia activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels contributes to action potential (AP) shortening which is either cardiotoxic by inducing re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias or cardioprotective by inducing energy-sparing effects or ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). KATP channels are formed by an inward-rectifier K+ channel (Kir6.0) and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit: Kir6.2 and SUR2A in cardiac myocytes, Kir6.2 and SUR1 in pancreatic beta-cells. Sulfonylureas and glinides stimulate insulin secretion via blockade of the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel. Clinical studies about cardiotoxic effects of sulfonylureas are contradictory. Sulfonylureas and glinides differ in their selectivity for pancreatic over cardiovascular KATP channels, being either selective (tolbutamide, glibenclamide) or non-selective (repaglinide). The possibility exists that non-selective KATP channel inhibitors might have cardiovascular side effects. Blockers of the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunit are insulin secretagogues and might have cardioprotective or cardiotoxic effects during cardiac ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd J Zünkler
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
In responding to cytoplasmic nucleotide levels, ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel activity provides a unique link between cellular energetics and electrical excitability. Over the past ten years, a steady drumbeat of crystallographic and electrophysiological studies has led to detailed structural and kinetic models that define the molecular basis of channel activity. In parallel, the uncovering of disease-causing mutations of K(ATP) has led to an explanation of the molecular basis of disease and, in turn, to a better understanding of the structural basis of channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Conti LR, Vandenberg CA. ERADication of ion channels destined for the plasma membrane. Focus on “Role of ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway in biogenesis efficiency of β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C1072-4. [PMID: 16210426 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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