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Rayamajhi D, Ege M, Ukhanov K, Ringers C, Zhang Y, Jung I, D’Gama PP, Li SS, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Park HC, Yaksi E, Martens JR, Brody SL, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Roy S. The forkhead transcription factor Foxj1 controls vertebrate olfactory cilia biogenesis and sensory neuron differentiation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002468. [PMID: 38271330 PMCID: PMC10810531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, olfactory receptors localize on multiple cilia elaborated on dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Although olfactory cilia dysfunction can cause anosmia, how their differentiation is programmed at the transcriptional level has remained largely unexplored. We discovered in zebrafish and mice that Foxj1, a forkhead domain-containing transcription factor traditionally linked with motile cilia biogenesis, is expressed in OSNs and required for olfactory epithelium (OE) formation. In keeping with the immotile nature of olfactory cilia, we observed that ciliary motility genes are repressed in zebrafish, mouse, and human OSNs. Strikingly, we also found that besides ciliogenesis, Foxj1 controls the differentiation of the OSNs themselves by regulating their cell type-specific gene expression, such as that of olfactory marker protein (omp) involved in odor-evoked signal transduction. In line with this, response to bile acids, odors detected by OMP-positive OSNs, was significantly diminished in foxj1 mutant zebrafish. Taken together, our findings establish how the canonical Foxj1-mediated motile ciliogenic transcriptional program has been repurposed for the biogenesis of immotile olfactory cilia, as well as for the development of the OSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Rayamajhi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mert Ege
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christa Ringers
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yiliu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Inyoung Jung
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Percival P. D’Gama
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Summer Shijia Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jeffrey R. Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Bhat S, Dietz A, Senf K, Nietzsche S, Hirabayashi Y, Westermann M, Neuhaus EM. GPRC5C regulates the composition of cilia in the olfactory system. BMC Biol 2023; 21:292. [PMID: 38110903 PMCID: PMC10729543 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory sensory neurons detect odourants via multiple long cilia that protrude from their dendritic endings. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5C was identified as part of the olfactory ciliary membrane proteome, but its function and localization is unknown. RESULTS High-resolution confocal and electron microscopy revealed that GPRC5C is located at the base of sensory cilia in olfactory neurons, but not in primary cilia of immature neurons or stem cells. Additionally, GPRC5C localization in sensory cilia parallels cilia formation and follows the formation of the basal body. In closer examination, GPRC5C was found in the ciliary transition zone. GPRC5C deficiency altered the structure of sensory cilia and increased ciliary layer thickness. However, primary cilia were unaffected. Olfactory sensory neurons from Gprc5c-deficient mice exhibited altered localization of olfactory signalling cascade proteins, and of ciliary phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphat. Sensory neurons also exhibited increased neuronal activity as well as altered mitochondrial morphology, and knockout mice had an improved ability to detect food pellets based on smell. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that GPRC5C regulates olfactory cilia composition and length, thereby controlling odour perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bhat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - André Dietz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Senf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Martin Westermann
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Tian X, Zhao H, Zhou J. Organization, functions, and mechanisms of the BBSome in development, ciliopathies, and beyond. eLife 2023; 12:e87623. [PMID: 37466224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The BBSome is an octameric protein complex that regulates ciliary transport and signaling. Mutations in BBSome subunits are closely associated with ciliary defects and lead to ciliopathies, notably Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in elucidating the molecular organization and functions of the BBSome complex. An improved understanding of BBSome-mediated biological events and molecular mechanisms is expected to help advance the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for BBSome-related diseases. Here, we review the current literature on the structural assembly, transport regulation, and molecular functions of the BBSome, emphasizing its roles in cilium-related processes. We also provide perspectives on the pathological role of the BBSome in ciliopathies as well as how these can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Habif JC, Xie C, de Celis C, Ukhanov K, Green WW, Moretta JC, Zhang L, Campbell RJ, Martens JR. The role of a ciliary GTPase in the regulation of neuronal maturation of olfactory sensory neurons. Development 2023; 150:286702. [PMID: 36661357 PMCID: PMC10110495 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) form embryonically and mature perinatally, innervating glomeruli and extending dendrites with multiple cilia. This process and its timing are crucial for odor detection and perception and continues throughout life. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), differentiated OSNs proceed from an immature (iOSN) to a mature (mOSN) state through well-defined sequential morphological and molecular transitions, but the precise mechanisms controlling OSN maturation remain largely unknown. We have identified that a GTPase, ARL13B, has a transient and maturation state-dependent expression in OSNs marking the emergence of a primary cilium. Utilizing an iOSN-specific Arl13b-null murine model, we examined the role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs. The loss of Arl13b in iOSNs caused a profound dysregulation of the cellular homeostasis and development of the OE. Importantly, Arl13b null OSNs demonstrated a delay in the timing of their maturation. Finally, the loss of Arl13b resulted in severe deformation in the structure and innervation of glomeruli. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown role of ARL13B in the maturation of OSNs and development of the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carlos de Celis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jordan C Moretta
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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5
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Zawawi F, Dell S, Wolter NE, Papsin BC, Propst EJ. Olfaction and Gustation in Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. OTO Open 2023; 7:e28. [PMID: 36998551 PMCID: PMC10046730 DOI: 10.1002/oto2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder whereby abnormal cilia cause a wide array of respiratory tract manifestations including chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether olfaction and gustation are impaired in children with PCD. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary pediatric academic hospital. Methods Children with confirmed PCD based on having at least 1 of 3 approved diagnostic criteria as per The American Thoracic Society guidelines were recruited from The PCD Clinic in our tertiary care pediatric hospital. Odor identification ability was tested using the Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) test and taste threshold was measured using an electrogustometer. The main outcome of this study is to determine the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in children with PCD and investigate if there is an associated gustatory dysfunction. Results Twenty-five children participated (14 male, 11 female), The median age was 10.8 years (range: 4.1-17.9 years). Only 4/25 (16%) complained of olfactory dysfunction prior to testing. None of the patients complained of dysgeusia. However, 48% (12/25) scored less than 7 on the U-Sniff, signifying hyposmia or anosmia. In contrast, scores obtained by electrogustometry were in the normal range. There was no correlation between performance on the U-Sniff and electrogustometry testing. Conclusion Olfactory impairment in children with PCD is common but underrecognized by patients. This is not associated with abnormal gustation. Among other, this places children with PCD at an increased risk with respect to smelling a fire or detecting spoiled or poisonous food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zawawi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharon Dell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Nikolaus E. Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Blake C. Papsin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Evan J. Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
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Habif JC, Xie C, Martens JR. Visualizing and Manipulating Olfactory Cilia Through Viral Delivery Coupled with En Face Imaging of Intact OE. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:1-18. [PMID: 37688720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory cilia are the obligate transducers of the odorant signal, and thus their study has been a focus of investigation in the olfactory field. Various methodologies have been established to visualize the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons; however, these approaches are limited to static imaging and often lack the ability to resolve individual cilia projecting from solitary neurons in the postnatal mouse. Here we detail a procedure of the visualization of olfactory cilia by ectopic expression of fluorescently tagged proteins. The procedure can be used for the observation and manipulation of the olfactory cilia and ciliary proteins in both static and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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7
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Ye D, Yuan J, Yang Y, Yue Y, Hu Z, Fadera S, Chen H. Incisionless targeted adeno-associated viral vector delivery to the brain by focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal administration. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104277. [PMID: 36152518 PMCID: PMC9508404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are currently the leading platform for gene therapy with the potential to treat a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. There are numerous methods for delivering AAVs to the CNS, such as direct intracranial injection (DI), intranasal delivery (IN), and intravenous injection with focused ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier disruption (FUS-BBBD). However, non-invasive and efficient delivery of AAVs to the brain with minimal systemic toxicity remain the major challenge. This study aims to investigate the potential of focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal delivery (FUSIN) in AAV delivery to brain. Methods Mice were intranasally administered with AAV5 encoding enhanced green fluorescence protein (AAV5-EGFP) followed by FUS sonication in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles. Mouse brains and other major organs were harvested for immunohistological staining, PCR quantification, and in situ hybridization. The AAV delivery outcomes were compared with those of DI, FUS-BBBD, and IN delivery. Findings FUSIN achieved safe and efficient delivery of AAV5-EGFP to spatially targeted brain locations, including a superficial brain site (cortex) and a deep brain region (brainstem). FUSIN achieved comparable delivery outcomes as the established DI, and displayed 414.9-fold and 2073.7-fold higher delivery efficiency than FUS-BBBD and IN. FUSIN was associated with minimal biodistribution in peripheral organs, which was comparable to that of DI. Interpretation Our results suggest that FUSIN is a promising technique for non-invasive, efficient, safe, and spatially targeted AAV delivery to the brain. Funding National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01EB027223, R01EB030102, R01MH116981, and UG3MH126861.
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8
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Cai M, Lin M, Lin N, Xu L, Huang H. Novel homozygous nonsense mutation associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome in fetuses with congenital renal malformation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30003. [PMID: 35960079 PMCID: PMC9371496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. BBS is more commonly reported in adults and children than in fetuses. Here, a retrospective study on 210 fetuses with congenital renal malformation was conducted. METHODS The fetuses were diagnosed using invasive prenatal tests, including chromosome karyotype analysis, whole exome sequencing (WES), and single-nucleotide polymorphism array. We found the intrauterine phenotype of a fetus presenting enlarged kidneys, enhanced echo, and oligohydramnios; therefore, the fetus was characterized to have BBS. RESULTS Chromosome karyotype analysis presented normal results. Analysis using an Affymetrix CytoScan 750K array revealed 2 homozygous regions. However, WES revealed a homozygous mutation of c.1177C>T (p.Arg393*) on exon 12 of BBS1 and a heterozygous variation of c.2704G>A (p.Asp902Asn) on exon 22 of CC2D2A. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines identified c.1177C>T and c.2704G>A as a pathogenic mutation and of uncertain significance, respectively. Sanger sequencing identified heterozygous mutation, that is, c.1177C>T and heterozygous variation, that is, c.2704G>A in the parents of the fetus. CONCLUSIONS WES identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.1177C>T in BBS1 of a Chinese fetus with congenital renal malformation. This finding provides insight into the BBS1 mutations in Asian populations in general and shows the necessity of genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Cai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Huang, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou 350001, China (e-mail: )
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Nasser F, Kohl S, Kurtenbach A, Kempf M, Biskup S, Zuleger T, Haack TB, Weisschuh N, Stingl K, Zrenner E. Ophthalmic and Genetic Features of Bardet Biedl Syndrome in a German Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071218. [PMID: 35886001 PMCID: PMC9322102 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the ophthalmic and genetic features of Bardet Biedl (BBS) syndrome in a cohort of patients from a German specialized ophthalmic care center. Sixty-one patients, aged 5−56 years, underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including visual acuity and color vision testing, electroretinography (ERG), visually evoked potential recording (VEP), fundus examination, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscopy was performed in five patients. All patients had received diagnostic genetic testing and were selected upon the presence of apparent biallelic variants in known BBS-associated genes. All patients had retinal dystrophy with morphologic changes of the retina. Visual acuity decreased from ~0.2 (decimal) at age 5 to blindness 0 at 50 years. Visual field examination could be performed in only half of the patients and showed a concentric constriction with remaining islands of function in the periphery. ERG recordings were mostly extinguished whereas VEP recordings were reduced in about half of the patients. The cohort of patients showed 51 different likely biallelic mutations—of which 11 are novel—in 12 different BBS-associated genes. The most common associated genes were BBS10 (32.8%) and BBS1 (24.6%), and by far the most commonly observed variants were BBS10 c.271dup;p.C91Lfs*5 (21 alleles) and BBS1 c.1169T>G;p.M390R (18 alleles). The phenotype associated with the different BBS-associated genes and genotypes in our cohort is heterogeneous, with diverse features without genotype−phenotype correlation. The results confirm and expand our knowledge of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Nasser
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
| | - Anne Kurtenbach
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
| | - Melanie Kempf
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
- Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Theresia Zuleger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (T.Z.); (T.B.H.)
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (T.Z.); (T.B.H.)
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
| | - Katarina Stingl
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
- Center for Rare Eye Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (S.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.); (K.S.); (E.Z.)
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Xie C, Habif JC, Ukhanov K, Uytingco CR, Zhang L, Campbell RJ, Martens JR. Reversal of ciliary mechanisms of disassembly rescues olfactory dysfunction in ciliopathies. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158736. [PMID: 35771640 PMCID: PMC9462494 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a class of genetic diseases resulting in cilia dysfunction in multiple organ systems, including the olfactory system. Currently, there are no available curative treatments for olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in ciliopathies. The loss or shortening of olfactory cilia, as seen in multiple mouse models of the ciliopathy Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS), results in olfactory dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of the olfactory cilia reduction is unknown, thus limiting the development of therapeutic approaches for BBS and other ciliopathies. Here, we demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a phosphoinositide typically excluded from olfactory cilia, aberrantly redistributed into the residual cilia of BBS mouse models, which caused F-actin ciliary infiltration. Importantly, PI(4,5)P2 and F-actin were necessary for olfactory cilia shortening. Using a gene therapeutic approach, the hydrolyzation of PI(4,5)P2 by overexpression of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E) restored cilia length and rescued odor detection and odor perception in BBS. Together, our data indicate that PI(4,5)P2/F-actin–dependent cilia disassembly is a common mechanism contributing to the loss of olfactory cilia in BBS and provide valuable pan-therapeutic intervention targets for the treatment of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
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11
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Van De Weghe JC, Gomez A, Doherty D. The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:301-329. [PMID: 35655331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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12
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Fajardo-Serrano A, Rico AJ, Roda E, Honrubia A, Arrieta S, Ariznabarreta G, Chocarro J, Lorenzo-Ramos E, Pejenaute A, Vázquez A, Lanciego JL. Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors as Versatile Tools for Neurological Disorders: Focus on Delivery Routes and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040746. [PMID: 35453499 PMCID: PMC9025350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is without doubt that the gene therapy field is currently in the spotlight for the development of new therapeutics targeting unmet medical needs. Thus, considering the gene therapy scenario, neurological diseases in general and neurodegenerative disorders in particular are emerging as the most appealing choices for new therapeutic arrivals intended to slow down, stop, or even revert the natural progressive course that characterizes most of these devastating neurodegenerative processes. Since an extensive coverage of all available literature is not feasible in practical terms, here emphasis was made in providing some advice to beginners in the field with a narrow focus on elucidating the best delivery route available for fulfilling any given AAV-based therapeutic approach. Furthermore, it is worth nothing that the number of ongoing clinical trials is increasing at a breath-taking speed. Accordingly, a landscape view of preclinical and clinical initiatives is also provided here in an attempt to best illustrate what is ongoing in this quickly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fajardo-Serrano
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.F.-S.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Alberto J. Rico
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Elvira Roda
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Sandra Arrieta
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Julia Chocarro
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Elena Lorenzo-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Pejenaute
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Lanciego
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.J.R.); (E.R.); (A.H.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (J.C.); (E.L.-R.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), 23038 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.F.-S.); (J.L.L.)
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13
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Husson H, Bukanov NO, Moreno S, Smith MM, Richards B, Zhu C, Picariello T, Park H, Wang B, Natoli TA, Smith LA, Zanotti S, Russo RJ, Madden SL, Klinger KW, Modur V, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O. Correction of cilia structure and function alleviates multi-organ pathology in Bardet-Biedl syndrome mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2508-2522. [PMID: 32620959 PMCID: PMC7471507 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy affecting multiple organs. The development of potential disease-modifying therapy for BBS will require concurrent targeting of multi-systemic manifestations. Here, we show for the first time that monosialodihexosylganglioside accumulates in Bbs2−/− cilia, indicating impairment of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism in BBS. Consequently, we tested whether BBS pathology in Bbs2−/− mice can be reversed by targeting the underlying ciliary defect via reduction of GSL metabolism. Inhibition of GSL synthesis with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor Genz-667161 decreases the obesity, liver disease, retinal degeneration and olfaction defect in Bbs2−/− mice. These effects are secondary to preservation of ciliary structure and signaling, and stimulation of cellular differentiation. In conclusion, reduction of GSL metabolism resolves the multi-organ pathology of Bbs2−/− mice by directly preserving ciliary structure and function towards a normal phenotype. Since this approach does not rely on the correction of the underlying genetic mutation, it might translate successfully as a treatment for other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Husson
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Nikolay O Bukanov
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Sarah Moreno
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Mandy M Smith
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Cheng Zhu
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Tyler Picariello
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Hyejung Park
- Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Thomas A Natoli
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Laurie A Smith
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Ryan J Russo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | | | - Vijay Modur
- Rare Diseases Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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14
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Xie C, Habif JC, Uytingco CR, Ukhanov K, Zhang L, de Celis C, Sheffield VC, Martens JR. Gene therapy rescues olfactory perception in a clinically relevant ciliopathy model of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21766. [PMID: 34383976 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a hereditary genetic disorder that results in numerous clinical manifestations including olfactory dysfunction. Of at least 21 BBS-related genes that can carry multiple mutations, a pathogenic mutation, BBS1M390R, is the single most common mutation of clinically diagnosed BBS outcomes. While the deletion of BBS-related genes in mice can cause variable penetrance in different organ systems, the impact of the Bbs1M390R mutation in the olfactory system remains unclear. Using a clinically relevant knock-in mouse model homozygous for Bbs1M390R, we investigated the impact of the mutation on the olfactory system and tested the potential of viral-mediated, wildtype gene replacement therapy to rescue smell loss. The cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in Bbs1M390R/M390R mice were significantly shorter and fewer than those of wild-type mice. Also, both peripheral cellular odor detection and synaptic-dependent activity in the olfactory bulb were significantly decreased in the mutant mice. Furthermore, to gain insight into the degree to which perceptual features are impaired in the mutant mice, we used whole-body plethysmography to quantitatively measure odor-evoked sniffing. The Bbs1M390R/M390R mice showed significantly higher odor detection thresholds (reduced odor sensitivity) compared to wild-type mice; however, their odor discrimination acuity was still well maintained. Importantly, adenoviral expression of Bbs1 in OSNs restored cilia length and re-established both peripheral odorant detection and odor perception. Together, our findings further expand our understanding for the development of gene therapeutic treatment for congenital ciliopathies in the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julien C Habif
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carlos de Celis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Wang D, Zhou J. The Kinocilia of Cochlear Hair Cells: Structures, Functions, and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715037. [PMID: 34422834 PMCID: PMC8374625 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved and highly specialized organelles that protrude from cell membranes. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins can cause structural and functional ciliary defects and consequently multiple diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies. The mammalian auditory system is responsible for perceiving external sound stimuli that are ultimately processed in the brain through a series of physical and biochemical reactions. Here we review the structure and function of the specialized primary cilia of hair cells, termed kinocilia, found in the mammalian auditory system. We also discuss areas that might prove amenable for therapeutic management of auditory ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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16
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Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors as Versatile Tools for Parkinson's Research, Both for Disease Modeling Purposes and for Therapeutic Uses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126389. [PMID: 34203739 PMCID: PMC8232322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is without any doubt that precision medicine therapeutic strategies targeting neurodegenerative disorders are currently witnessing the spectacular rise of newly designed approaches based on the use of viral vectors as Trojan horses for the controlled release of a given genetic payload. Among the different types of viral vectors, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) rank as the ones most commonly used for the purposes of either disease modeling or for therapeutic strategies. Here, we reviewed the current literature dealing with the use of AAVs within the field of Parkinson’s disease with the aim to provide neuroscientists with the advice and background required when facing a choice on which AAV might be best suited for addressing a given experimental challenge. Accordingly, here we will be summarizing some insights on different AAV serotypes, and which would be the most appropriate AAV delivery route. Next, the use of AAVs for modeling synucleinopathies is highlighted, providing potential readers with a landscape view of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical initiatives pushing forward AAV-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies.
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17
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Corey EA, Zolotukhin S, Ache BW, Ukhanov K. Mixture interactions at mammalian olfactory receptors are dependent on the cellular environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9278. [PMID: 33927269 PMCID: PMC8085013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of mammalian olfactory receptors (ORs) remains a major challenge to ultimately understanding the olfactory code. Here, we compare the responses of the mouse Olfr73 ectopically expressed in olfactory sensory neurons using AAV gene delivery in vivo and expressed in vitro in cell culture. The response dynamics and concentration-dependence of agonists for the ectopically expressed Olfr73 were similar to those reported for the endogenous Olfr73, however the antagonism previously reported between its cognate agonist and several antagonists was not replicated in vivo. Expressing the OR in vitro reproduced the antagonism reported for short odor pulses, but not for prolonged odor exposure. Our findings suggest that both the cellular environment and the stimulus dynamics shape the functionality of Olfr73 and argue that characterizing ORs in 'native' conditions, rather than in vitro, provides a more relevant understanding of ligand-OR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Corey
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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18
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Pak TK, Carter CS, Zhang Q, Huang SC, Searby C, Hsu Y, Taugher RJ, Vogel T, Cychosz CC, Genova R, Moreira NN, Stevens H, Wemmie JA, Pieper AA, Wang K, Sheffield VC. A mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has impaired fear memory, which is rescued by lithium treatment. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009484. [PMID: 33886537 PMCID: PMC8061871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles present on most cells that regulate many physiological processes, ranging from maintaining energy homeostasis to renal function. However, the role of these structures in the regulation of behavior remains unknown. To study the role of cilia in behavior, we employ mouse models of the human ciliopathy, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). Here, we demonstrate that BBS mice have significant impairments in context fear conditioning, a form of associative learning. Moreover, we show that postnatal deletion of BBS gene function, as well as congenital deletion, specifically in the forebrain, impairs context fear conditioning. Analyses indicated that these behavioral impairments are not the result of impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation. However, our results indicate that these behavioral impairments are the result of impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. Two-week treatment with lithium chloride partially restores the proliferation of hippocampal neurons which leads to a rescue of context fear conditioning. Overall, our results identify a novel role of cilia genes in hippocampal neurogenesis and long-term context fear conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Pak
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Calvin S. Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sunny C. Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles Searby
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ying Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Taugher
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tim Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Cychosz
- Department of Orthopedics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rachel Genova
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nina N. Moreira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Hanna Stevens
- Neuroscience Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Neuroscience Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Neuroscience Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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19
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Xie C, Martens JR. Potential Therapeutic Targets for Olfactory Dysfunction in Ciliopathies Beyond Single-Gene Replacement. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6159785. [PMID: 33690843 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a common disorder in the general population. There are multiple causes, one of which being ciliopathies, an emerging class of human hereditary genetic disorders characterized by multiple symptoms due to defects in ciliary biogenesis, maintenance, and/or function. Mutations/deletions in a wide spectrum of ciliary genes have been identified to cause ciliopathies. Currently, besides symptomatic therapy, there is no available therapeutic treatment option for olfactory dysfunction caused by ciliopathies. Multiple studies have demonstrated that targeted gene replacement can restore the morphology and function of olfactory cilia in olfactory sensory neurons and further re-establish the odor-guided behaviors in animals. Therefore, targeted gene replacement could be potentially used to treat olfactory dysfunction in ciliopathies. However, due to the potential limitations of single-gene therapy for polygenic mutation-induced diseases, alternative therapeutic targets for broader curative measures need to be developed for olfactory dysfunction, and also for other symptoms in ciliopathies. Here we review the current understanding of ciliogenesis and maintenance of olfactory cilia. Furthermore, we emphasize signaling mechanisms that may be involved in the regulation of olfactory ciliary length and highlight potential alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of ciliopathy-induced dysfunction in the olfactory system and even in other ciliated organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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20
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Adivitiya, Kaushik MS, Chakraborty S, Veleri S, Kateriya S. Mucociliary Respiratory Epithelium Integrity in Molecular Defense and Susceptibility to Pulmonary Viral Infections. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:95. [PMID: 33572760 PMCID: PMC7911113 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucociliary defense, mediated by the ciliated and goblet cells, is fundamental to respiratory fitness. The concerted action of ciliary movement on the respiratory epithelial surface and the pathogen entrapment function of mucus help to maintain healthy airways. Consequently, genetic or acquired defects in lung defense elicit respiratory diseases and secondary microbial infections that inflict damage on pulmonary function and may even be fatal. Individuals living with chronic and acute respiratory diseases are more susceptible to develop severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) illness and hence should be proficiently managed. In light of the prevailing pandemic, we review the current understanding of the respiratory system and its molecular components with a major focus on the pathophysiology arising due to collapsed respiratory epithelium integrity such as abnormal ciliary movement, cilia loss and dysfunction, ciliated cell destruction, and changes in mucus rheology. The review includes protein interaction networks of coronavirus infection-manifested implications on the molecular machinery that regulates mucociliary clearance. We also provide an insight into the alteration of the transcriptional networks of genes in the nasopharynx associated with the mucociliary clearance apparatus in humans upon infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adivitiya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Manish Singh Kaushik
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, India;
| | - Suneel Kateriya
- Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (A.); (M.S.K.); (S.C.)
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21
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Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are bipolar neurons, unusual because they turn over continuously and have a multiciliated dendrite. The extensive changes in gene expression accompanying OSN differentiation in mice are largely known, especially the transcriptional regulators responsible for altering gene expression, revealing much about how differentiation proceeds. Basal progenitor cells of the olfactory epithelium transition into nascent OSNs marked by Cxcr4 expression and the initial extension of basal and apical neurites. Nascent OSNs become immature OSNs within 24-48 h. Immature OSN differentiation requires about a week and at least 2 stages. Early-stage immature OSNs initiate expression of genes encoding key transcriptional regulators and structural proteins necessary for further neuritogenesis. Late-stage immature OSNs begin expressing genes encoding proteins important for energy production and neuronal homeostasis that carry over into mature OSNs. The transition to maturity depends on massive expression of one allele of one odorant receptor gene, and this results in expression of the last 8% of genes expressed by mature OSNs. Many of these genes encode proteins necessary for mature function of axons and synapses or for completing the elaboration of non-motile cilia, which began extending from the newly formed dendritic knobs of immature OSNs. The cilia from adjoining OSNs form a meshwork in the olfactory mucus and are the site of olfactory transduction. Immature OSNs also have a primary cilium, but its role is unknown, unlike the critical role in proliferation and differentiation played by the primary cilium of the olfactory epithelium's horizontal basal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S McClintock
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Correspondence to be sent to: Timothy S. McClintock, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. e-mail:
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Mainland JD, Barlow LA, Munger SD, Millar SE, Vergara MN, Jiang P, Schwob JE, Goldstein BJ, Boye SE, Martens JR, Leopold DA, Bartoshuk LM, Doty RL, Hummel T, Pinto JM, Trimmer C, Kelly C, Pribitkin EA, Reed DR. Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders: Gaps and Opportunities. Chem Senses 2020; 45:493-502. [PMID: 32556127 PMCID: PMC7545248 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical senses of taste and smell play a vital role in conveying information about ourselves and our environment. Tastes and smells can warn against danger and also contribute to the daily enjoyment of food, friends and family, and our surroundings. Over 12% of the US population is estimated to experience taste and smell (chemosensory) dysfunction. Yet, despite this high prevalence, long-term, effective treatments for these disorders have been largely elusive. Clinical successes in other sensory systems, including hearing and vision, have led to new hope for developments in the treatment of chemosensory disorders. To accelerate cures, we convened the "Identifying Treatments for Taste and Smell Disorders" conference, bringing together basic and translational sensory scientists, health care professionals, and patients to identify gaps in our current understanding of chemosensory dysfunction and next steps in a broad-based research strategy. Their suggestions for high-yield next steps were focused in 3 areas: increasing awareness and research capacity (e.g., patient advocacy), developing and enhancing clinical measures of taste and smell, and supporting new avenues of research into cellular and therapeutic approaches (e.g., developing human chemosensory cell lines, stem cells, and gene therapy approaches). These long-term strategies led to specific suggestions for immediate research priorities that focus on expanding our understanding of specific responses of chemosensory cells and developing valuable assays to identify and document cell development, regeneration, and function. Addressing these high-priority areas should accelerate the development of novel and effective treatments for taste and smell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Natalia Vergara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Cir Clinic 1F, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shannon E Boye
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1200 Newell Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda M Bartoshuk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, MC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Edmund A Pribitkin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Dahmer-Heath M, Schriever V, Kollmann S, Schleithoff C, Titieni A, Cetiner M, Patzer L, Tönshoff B, Hansen M, Pennekamp P, Gerß J, Konrad M, König J. Systematic evaluation of olfaction in patients with hereditary cystic kidney diseases/renal ciliopathies. J Med Genet 2020; 58:629-636. [PMID: 32917769 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary cystic kidney diseases such as nephronophthisis, polycystic kidney disease and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are caused by a dysfunction of primary cilia. Cilia are involved in a variety of cellular functions and perceptions, with one of them being the sense of smell. Hyposmia is a typical feature found in patients with BBS. However, reports of olfactory dysfunction in other cystic kidney diseases are sparse. Here we provide a systematic survey on olfaction in a large cohort of patients displaying genetically determined renal ciliopathies. METHODS We performed a match-controlled systematic olfactory evaluation in a group of 75 patients with a defined genetic background using age adapted and validated odour identification tests. RESULTS Test results revealed a significant olfactory deficit in patients carrying TMEM67 variants (n=4), while all other genetic disorders causing nephronophthisis (n=25) or polycystic kidney disease (n=18) were not associated with an impaired sense of smell. Also in patients with BBS, olfactory performance was depending on the underlying molecular defect. While defects in the BBS1 gene (n=9) had no impact on the sense of smell, all other BBS gene disorders (n=19) were associated with significant hyposmia. Noteworthy, there was no correlation of the olfactory deficit with the level of renal impairment. CONCLUSION Hyposmia is a part of the clinical spectrum of BBS and of other renal ciliopathies. Depending on the genetic background, clinicians should be aware of this subtle and so far underappreciated symptom when clinically assessing patients with BBS or TMEM67 gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Valentin Schriever
- Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Kollmann
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Schleithoff
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Titieni
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Metin Cetiner
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Patzer
- Children's Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Petra Pennekamp
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Gerß
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Konrad
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens König
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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24
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Mast TG, Zuk K, Rinke A, Quasem K, Savard B, Brobbey C, Reiss J, Dryden M. Temporary Anosmia in Mice Following Nasal Lavage With Dilute Detergent Solution. Chem Senses 2020; 44:639-648. [PMID: 31363734 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory sensory deprivation induces anosmia and reduces tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels in the olfactory bulb. The behavioral consequences specific to the loss of olfactory bulb dopamine are difficult to determine because sensory deprivation protocols are either confounded by side effects or leave the animal anosmic. A new method to both induce sensory deprivation and to measure the behavioral and circuit consequences is needed. We developed a novel, recoverable anosmia protocol using nasal lavage with a dilute detergent solution. Detergent treatment did not damage the olfactory epithelium as measured by scanning electron microscopy, alcian blue histology, and acetylated tubulin immunohistochemistry. One treatment-induced anosmia that lasted 24 to 48 h. Three treatments over 5 days reduced olfactory bulb tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels indicating that anosmia persists between treatments. Importantly, even with multiple treatments, olfactory ability recovered within 48 h. This is the first report of a sensory deprivation protocol that induces recoverable anosmia and can be paired with biochemical, histological, and behavioral investigations of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerald Mast
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Kelsey Zuk
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Rinke
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Khaleel Quasem
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Bradley Savard
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Charles Brobbey
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Reiss
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Michael Dryden
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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25
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Yang D, Wu X, Zhou Y, Wang W, Wang Z. The microRNA/TET3/REST axis is required for olfactory globose basal cell proliferation and male behavior. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49431. [PMID: 32677323 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are persistently generated to replace lost neurons throughout an organism's lifespan. This process predominantly depends on the proliferation of globose basal cells (GBCs), the actively dividing stem cells in the MOE. Here, by using CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi coupled with adeno-associated virus (AAV) nose delivery approaches, we demonstrated that knockdown of miR-200b/a in the MOE resulted in supernumerary Mash1-marked GBCs and decreased numbers of differentiated OSNs, accompanied by abrogation of male behaviors. We further showed that in the MOE, miR-200b/a targets the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3, which cooperates with RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) to exert their functions. Deficiencies including proliferation, differentiation, and behaviors illustrated in miR-200b/a knockdown mice were rescued by suppressing either TET3 or REST. Our work describes a mechanism of coordination of GBC proliferation and differentiation in the MOE and olfactory male behaviors through miR-200/TET3/REST signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangbo Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Weina Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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26
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Uytingco CR, Green WW, Martens JR. Olfactory Loss and Dysfunction in Ciliopathies: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3103-3119. [PMID: 29303074 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180105102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies are a class of inherited pleiotropic genetic disorders in which alterations in cilia assembly, maintenance, and/or function exhibit penetrance in the multiple organ systems. Olfactory dysfunction is one such clinical manifestation that has been shown in both patients and model organisms. Existing therapies for ciliopathies are limited to the treatment or management of symptoms. The last decade has seen an increase in potential curative therapeutic options including small molecules and biologics. Recent work in multiciliated olfactory sensory neurons has demonstrated the capacity of targeted gene therapy to restore ciliation in terminally differentiated cells and rescue olfactory function. This review will discuss the current understanding of the penetrance of ciliopathies in the olfactory system. Importantly, it will highlight both pharmacological and biological approaches, and their potential therapeutic value in the olfactory system and other ciliated tissues. METHODS We undertook a structured and comprehensive search of peer-reviewed research literature encompassing in vitro, in vivo, model organism, and clinical studies. From these publications, we describe the olfactory system, and discuss the penetrance of ciliopathies and impact of cilia loss on olfactory function. In addition, we outlined the developing therapies for ciliopathies across different organ and cell culture systems, and discussed their potential therapeutic application to the mammalian olfactory system. RESULTS One-hundred sixty-one manuscripts were included in the review, centering on the understanding of olfactory penetrance of ciliopathies, and discussing the potential therapeutic options for ciliopathies in the context of the mammalian olfactory system. Forty-four manuscripts were used to generate a table listing the known congenital causes of olfactory dysfunction, with the first ten listed are linked to ciliopathies. Twenty-three manuscripts were used to outline the potential of small molecules for the olfactory system. Emphasis was placed on HDAC6 inhibitors and lithium, both of which were shown to stabilize microtubule structures, contributing to ciliogenesis and cilia lengthening. Seventy-five manuscripts were used to describe gene therapy and gene therapeutic strategies. Included were the implementation of adenoviral, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentiviral vectors to treat ciliopathies across different organ systems and application toward the olfactory system. Thus far, adenoviral and AAVmeditated ciliary restoration demonstrated successful proof-of-principle preclinical studies. In addition, gene editing, ex vivo gene therapy, and transplantation could serve as alternative therapeutic and long-term approaches. But for all approaches, additional assessment of vector immunogenicity, specificity, and efficacy need further investigation. Currently, ciliopathy treatments are limited to symptomatic management with no curative options. However, the accessibility and amenability of the olfactory system to treatment would facilitate development and advancement of a viable therapy. CONCLUSION The findings of this review highlight the contribution of ciliopathies to a growing list of congenial olfactory dysfunctions. Promising results from other organ systems imply the feasibility of biologics, with results from gene therapies proving to be a viable therapeutic option for ciliopathies and olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.,University of Florida Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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27
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Kim YJ, Kim J. Therapeutic perspectives for structural and functional abnormalities of cilia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3695-3709. [PMID: 31147753 PMCID: PMC11105626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of hereditary disorders that result from structural or functional abnormalities of cilia. Recent intense research efforts have uncovered the genetic bases of ciliopathies, and our understanding of the assembly and functions of cilia has been improved significantly. Although mechanism-specific therapies for ciliopathies have not yet received regulatory approval, the use of innovative therapeutic modalities such as oligonucleotide therapy, gene replacement therapy, and gene editing in addition to symptomatic treatments are expected to provide valid treatment options in the near future. Moreover, candidate chemical compounds for developing small molecule drugs to treat ciliopathies have been identified. This review introduces the key features of cilia and ciliopathies, and summarizes the advances as well as the challenges that remain with the development of therapies for treating ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wiegering A, Rüther U, Gerhardt C. The Role of Primary Cilia in the Crosstalk between the Ubiquitin⁻Proteasome System and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030241. [PMID: 30875746 PMCID: PMC6468794 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation is a pivotal process for eukaryotic development and homeostasis. The majority of proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin⁻proteasome system and by autophagy. Recent studies describe a crosstalk between these two main eukaryotic degradation systems which allows for establishing a kind of safety mechanism. If one of these degradation systems is hampered, the other compensates for this defect. The mechanism behind this crosstalk is poorly understood. Novel studies suggest that primary cilia, little cellular protrusions, are involved in the regulation of the crosstalk between the two degradation systems. In this review article, we summarise the current knowledge about the association between cilia, the ubiquitin⁻proteasome system and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Wiegering
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Rüther
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christoph Gerhardt
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Hudry E, Vandenberghe LH. Therapeutic AAV Gene Transfer to the Nervous System: A Clinical Reality. Neuron 2019; 101:839-862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Uytingco CR, Williams CL, Xie C, Shively DT, Green WW, Ukhanov K, Zhang L, Nishimura DY, Sheffield VC, Martens JR. BBS4 is required for intraflagellar transport coordination and basal body number in mammalian olfactory cilia. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs222331. [PMID: 30665891 PMCID: PMC6432715 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Beidl syndrome (BBS) manifests from genetic mutations encoding for one or more BBS proteins. BBS4 loss impacts olfactory ciliation and odor detection, yet the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that Bbs4-/- mice exhibit shorter and fewer olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) cilia despite retaining odorant receptor localization. Within Bbs4-/- OSN cilia, we observed asynchronous rates of IFT-A/B particle movements, indicating miscoordination in IFT complex trafficking. Within the OSN dendritic knob, the basal bodies are dynamic, with incorporation of ectopically expressed centrin-2 and γ-tubulin occurring after nascent ciliogenesis. Importantly, BBS4 loss results in the reduction of basal body numbers separate from cilia loss. Adenoviral expression of BBS4 restored OSN cilia lengths and was sufficient to re-establish odor detection, but failed to rescue ciliary and basal body numbers. Our results yield a model for the plurality of BBS4 functions in OSNs that includes intraciliary and periciliary roles that can explain the loss of cilia and penetrance of ciliopathy phenotypes in olfactory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Corey L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dana T Shively
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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31
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Uytingco CR, Martens JR. Intranasal Delivery of Adenoviral and AAV Vectors for Transduction of the Mammalian Peripheral Olfactory System. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1950:283-297. [PMID: 30783981 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9139-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of solutions is a straightforward methodology for viral vector transduction and gene transfer to the epithelia within the nasal cavity. Beyond the simplicity of the technique, intranasal delivery has demonstrated restricted transduction of the olfactory and respiratory epithelial tissues. Here we outline the procedure of viral vector intranasal delivery in early postnatal and adult mice, as well as adult rats. The procedure allows for robust transduction and ectopic gene delivery that can be used for the visualization of cellular structures, protein distribution, and assessment of viral vector-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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32
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Lewis WR, Bales KL, Revell DZ, Croyle MJ, Engle SE, Song CJ, Malarkey EB, Uytingco CR, Shan D, Antonellis PJ, Nagy TR, Kesterson RA, Mrug MM, Martens JR, Berbari NF, Gross AK, Yoder BK. Mks6 mutations reveal tissue- and cell type-specific roles for the cilia transition zone. FASEB J 2018; 33:1440-1455. [PMID: 30133325 PMCID: PMC6355093 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition zone (TZ) is a domain at the base of the cilium that is involved in maintaining ciliary compartment-specific sensory and signaling activity by regulating cilia protein composition. Mutations in TZ proteins result in cilia dysfunction, often causing pleiotropic effects observed in a group of human diseases classified as ciliopathies. The purpose of this study is to describe the importance of the TZ component Meckel-Grüber syndrome 6 ( Mks6) in several organ systems and tissues regarding ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance using congenital and conditional mutant mouse models. Similar to MKS, congenital loss of Mks6 is embryonic lethal, displaying cilia loss and altered cytoskeletal microtubule modifications but only in specific cell types. Conditional Mks6 mutants have a variable cystic kidney phenotype along with severe retinal degeneration with mislocalization of phototransduction cascade proteins. However, other phenotypes, such as anosmia and obesity, which are typically associated with cilia and TZ dysfunction, were not evident. These data indicate that despite Mks6 being a core TZ component, it has tissue- or cell type-specific functions important for cilia formation and cilia sensory and signaling activities. Lewis, W. R., Bales, K. L., Revell, D. Z., Croyle, M. J., Engle, S. E., Song, C. J., Malarkey, E. B., Uytingco, C. R., Shan, D., Antonellis, P. J., Nagy, T. R., Kesterson, R. A., Mrug, M. M., Martens, J. R., Berbari, N. F., Gross, A. K., Yoder, B. K. Mks6 mutations reveal tissue- and cell type-specific roles for the cilia transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Lewis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katie L Bales
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dustin Z Revell
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mandy J Croyle
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Cheng Jack Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Erik B Malarkey
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dan Shan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michal M Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alecia K Gross
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Peripheral Gene Therapeutic Rescue of an Olfactory Ciliopathy Restores Sensory Input, Axonal Pathfinding, and Odor-Guided Behavior. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7462-7475. [PMID: 30061191 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0084-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are the primary site of odor binding; hence, their loss results in anosmia, a clinical manifestation of pleiotropic ciliopathies for which there are no curative therapies. We used OSN-specific Ift88 knock-out mice (Ift88osnKO) of both sexes to examine the mechanisms of ciliopathy-induced olfactory dysfunction and the potential for gene replacement to rescue odorant detection, restore olfactory circuitry, and restore odor-guided behaviors. Loss of OSN cilia in Ift88osnKO mice resulted in substantially reduced odor detection and odor-driven synaptic activity in the olfactory bulb (OB). Defects in OSN axon targeting to the OB were also observed in parallel with aberrant odor-guided behavior. Intranasal gene delivery of wild-type IFT88 to Ift88osnKO mice rescued OSN ciliation and peripheral olfactory function. Importantly, this recovery of sensory input in a limited number of mature OSNs was sufficient to restore axonal targeting in the OB of juvenile mice, and with delayed onset in adult mice. In addition, restoration of sensory input re-established course odor-guided behaviors. These findings highlight the spare capacity of the olfactory epithelium and the plasticity of primary synaptic input into the central olfactory system. The restoration of peripheral and central neuronal function supports the potential for treatment of ciliopathy-related anosmia using gene therapy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ciliopathies, for which there are no curative therapies, are genetic disorders that alter cilia morphology and/or function in numerous tissue types, including the olfactory system, leading to sensory dysfunction. We show that in vivo intranasal gene delivery restores peripheral olfactory function in a ciliopathy mouse model, including axonal targeting in the juvenile and adult olfactory bulb. Gene therapy also demonstrated restoration of olfactory perception by rescuing odor-guided behaviors. Understanding the therapeutic window and viability for gene therapy to restore odor detection and perception may facilitate translation of therapies to ciliopathy patients with olfactory dysfunctions.
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Assaying sensory ciliopathies using calcium biosensor expression in zebrafish ciliated olfactory neurons. Cilia 2018; 7:2. [PMID: 29568513 PMCID: PMC5856005 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-018-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary cilia mediate signal transduction by acting as an organizing scaffold for receptors, signalling proteins and ion channels. Ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) organize olfactory receptors and ion channels on cilia and generate a calcium influx as a primary signal in odourant detection. In the zebrafish olfactory placode, ciliated OSNs and microvillus OSNs constitute the major OSN cell types with distinct odourant sensitivity. Methods Using transgenic expression of the calcium biosensor GCaMP5 in OSNs, we analysed sensory cilia-dependent odour responses in live zebrafish, at individual cell resolution. oval/ift88 mutant and ift172 knockdown zebrafish were compared with wild-type siblings to establish ciliated OSN sensitivity to different classes of odourants. Results oval/ift88 mutant and ift172 knockdown zebrafish showed fewer and severely shortened OSN cilia without a reduction in OSN number. The fraction of responding OSNs and response amplitudes to bile acids and food odour, both sensed by ciliated OSNs, were significantly reduced in ift88 mutants and ift172-deficient embryos, while the amino acids responses were not significantly changed. Conclusions Our approach presents a quantitative model for studying sensory cilia signalling using zebrafish OSNs. Our results also implicate ift172-deficiency as a novel cause of hyposmia, a reduced sense of smell, highlighting the value of directly assaying sensory cilia signalling in vivo and supporting the idea that hyposmia can be used as a diagnostic indicator of ciliopathies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13630-018-0056-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Forsythe E, Kenny J, Bacchelli C, Beales PL. Managing Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-Now and in the Future. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:23. [PMID: 29487844 PMCID: PMC5816783 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder caused by defects in genes encoding for proteins that localize to the primary cilium/basal body complex. Twenty-one disease-causing genes have been identified to date. It is one of the most well-studied conditions in the family of diseases caused by defective cilia collectively known as ciliopathies. In this review, we provide an update on diagnostic developments, clinical features, and progress in the management of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Advances in diagnostic technologies including exome and whole genome sequencing are expanding the spectrum of patients who are diagnosed with Bardet-Biedl syndrome and increasing the number of cases with diagnostic uncertainty. As a result of the diagnostic developments, a small number of patients with only one or two clinical features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome are being diagnosed. Our understanding of the syndrome-associated renal disease has evolved and is reviewed here. Novel interventions are developing at a rapid pace and are explored in this review including genetic therapeutics such as gene therapy, exon skipping therapy, nonsense suppression therapy, and gene editing. Other non-genetic therapies such as gene repurposing, targeted therapies, and non-pharmacological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Forsythe
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Kenny
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Bacchelli
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L Beales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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