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Duko B, Bedaso A, Dachew BA, Newnham E, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema G, Einarsdottir K, Alati R, Pereira G. The effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107985. [PMID: 38367506 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies examining the prospective association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring academic achievement have reported conflicting results. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude and consistency of association reported by those studies. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was guided by the PRISMA protocol. Relevant epidemiological studies on the topic were extracted from four main databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. We conducted a narrative assessment of the studies that did not report effect estimates. Inverse variance-weighted random effect meta-analysis was used to combine studies reporting effect sizes to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350901). RESULTS Nineteen observational studies, published between 1973 and 2021 with a total of 1.25 million study participants were included in the final review. Of these, fifteen studies (79 %) reported reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. The eight primary studies (sample size = 723,877) included in the meta-analysis together suggested a 49 % higher risk of reduced academic achievement in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking when compared to non-exposed offspring (Pooled odds ratio = 1.49, 95 % CI:1.17-1.91). CONCLUSION Our review found a positive association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and offspring reduced academic achievement. However, variation in the adjustment of potential confounders and significant heterogeneity across included studies limited more conclusive inference. Mechanistic studies to identify causal pathways and specific academic impacts are needed to inform targeted developmental programs to assist child learning and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Australian Centre for Precision Health, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Asres Bedaso
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newnham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gizachew Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kristjana Einarsdottir
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Vatnsmýrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068 Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Fekom M, Nguyen TL, Lepeule J, Nakamura A, Keyes K, Martins S, Strandberg-Larsen K, Melchior M. Intergenerational transmission of tobacco smoking: The role of the child's behavioral difficulties. Data from the Danish National Birth cohort (DNBC). Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 255:111056. [PMID: 38128363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study explores the role of offspring behavioral difficulties in the intergeneration transmission of tobacco smoking. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study is based on children born in Denmark in 1996-2003 participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), followed-up until 18years of age. We included mother-child pairs with complete data regarding the exposure (4 trajectories of maternal daily smoking quantity during pregnancy: low, intermediate/stable, intermediate/decreasing and high), outcome (offspring daily smoking status at 18 years) and mediator (offspring symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention at 11 years), that is 24,588 mother-child pairs. RESULTS In our study population, during pregnancy respectively 86.2%, 6.80%, 4.08% and 2.97% mothers belonged to the low, intermediate/stable, intermediate/decreasing and high smoking trajectory groups. After controlling for covariates using propensity scores, the direct effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on offspring smoking in adolescence was statistically significant, especially when the mother belonged to the intermediate/stable smoking trajectory group (ORIPW = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.70 - 2.61) or to the high smoking trajectory group (ORIPW = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.52 - 3.11) compared to the low smoking trajectory group. None of the indirect effects of maternal smoking in pregnancy were statistically significant, and neither were the proportions mediated. CONCLUSION Maternal pregnancy smoking seems to have an influence on offspring smoking in early adulthood, which does not appear to be mediated by offspring behavioral difficulties. Women should be strongly encouraged to quit smoking in pregnancy to reduce both short and long-term health risks among their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Fekom
- Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Department of Social Epidemiology (ERES), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Tri-Long Nguyen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Nakamura
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria Melchior
- Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Department of Social Epidemiology (ERES), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France
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Ortega LA, Aragon-Carvajal DM, Cortes-Corso KT, Forero-Castillo F. Early developmental risks for tobacco addiction: A probabilistic epigenesis framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105499. [PMID: 38056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the relationships between early life psychobiological and environmental risk factors and the development of tobacco addiction. However, a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity in tobacco addiction phenotypes requires integrating research findings. The probabilistic epigenesis meta-theory offers a valuable framework for this integration, considering systemic, multilevel, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. In this paper, we critically review relevant research on early developmental risks associated with tobacco addiction and highlight the integrative heuristic value of the probabilistic epigenesis framework for this research. For this, we propose a four-level systems approach as an initial step towards integration, analyzing complex interactions among different levels of influence. Additionally, we explore a coaction approach to examine key interactions between early risk factors. Moreover, we introduce developmental pathways to understand interindividual differences in tobacco addiction risk during development. This integrative approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of tobacco addiction etiology and informing potentially effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Ortega
- Facultad de Psicologia, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.
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Onuzulu CD, Lee S, Basu S, Comte J, Hai Y, Hizon N, Chadha S, Fauni MS, Kahnamoui S, Xiang B, Halayko AJ, Dolinsky VW, Pascoe CD, Jones MJ. Early-life exposure to cigarette smoke primes lung function and DNA methylation changes at Cyp1a1 upon exposure later in life. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L552-L567. [PMID: 37642652 PMCID: PMC11068412 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and early-life exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has repeatedly been shown to induce stable, long-term changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) in offspring. It has been hypothesized that these changes might be functionally related to the known outcomes of prenatal and early-life CS exposure, which include impaired lung development, altered lung function, and increased risk of asthma and wheeze. However, to date, few studies have examined DNAm changes induced by prenatal CS in tissues of the lung, and even fewer have attempted to examine the specific influences of prenatal versus early postnatal exposures. Here, we have established a mouse model of CS exposure which isolates the effects of prenatal and early postnatal CS exposures in early life. We have used this model to measure the effects of prenatal and/or postnatal CS exposures on lung function and immune cell infiltration as well as DNAm and expression of Cyp1a1, a candidate gene previously observed to demonstrate DNAm differences on CS exposure in humans. Our study revealed that exposure to CS prenatally and in the early postnatal period causes long-lasting differences in offspring lung function, gene expression, and lung Cyp1a1 DNAm, which wane over time but are reestablished on reexposure to CS in adulthood. This study creates a testable mouse model that can be used to investigate the effects of prenatal and early postnatal CS exposures and will contribute to the design of intervention strategies to mediate these detrimental effects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we isolated effects of prenatal from early postnatal cigarette smoke and showed that exposure to cigarette smoke early in life causes changes in offspring DNA methylation at Cyp1a1 that last through early adulthood but not into late adulthood. We also showed that smoking in adulthood reestablished these DNA methylation patterns at Cyp1a1, suggesting that a mechanism other than DNA methylation results in long-term memory associated with early-life cigarette smoke exposures at this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonye Doris Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comte
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikho Hizon
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shivam Chadha
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria Shenna Fauni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shana Kahnamoui
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Meaghan J Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Jackson MA, Buykx P, Brown AL, Baker AL, Dunlop AJ, Gould GS. Using mixed methods to establish tobacco treatment acceptability from the perspective of clients and clinicians of antenatal substance use services. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:56. [PMID: 36195932 PMCID: PMC9531520 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 95% of pregnant women with alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems also smoke tobacco. Challenging psychosocial circumstances and a lack of targeted tobacco interventions contribute to low rates of prenatal abstinence and more effective treatment strategies are required. This study explores smoking in pregnant clients of AOD treatment services from a consumer and healthcare provider perspective to examine characteristics of behaviour change and the acceptability of evidence-based tobacco treatment strategies. Outcomes will support the design and implementation of a comprehensive tobacco intervention. Methods A mixed methods triangulated design was used. Thirteen women who smoked and attended antenatal AOD services in New South Wales, Australia, were interviewed and 28 clinicians from the same services were surveyed. Domains including experiences of tobacco smoking in pregnancy, motivators and barriers to cessation and evidence-based strategies to assist cessation during pregnancy were explored. Interviews were analysed using Iterative Categorization, with interpretation guided by Qualitative Description. Online surveys were analysed descriptively. A convergent-parallel mixed methods analysis was performed. Results Women and clinicians agreed that improving baby’s health outcomes was the primary motivation to stop smoking. Negative experiences with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), financial constraints and maternal contraindications restricted its uptake and effectiveness during pregnancy. Both groups agreed that other AOD use, stopping multiple substances concurrently, difficulty coping with stress and the influence of partners who smoke had the biggest impacts on cessation efforts. Clinicians favoured harm-reduction rather than abstinence-based tobacco interventions and women appeared satisfied with reduction efforts. Both views may influence the attainment of prenatal abstinence-based goals. Although previous evidence suggested the contrary, clinicians were willing to encourage simultaneous cessation of tobacco and other substances. Non-judgmental treatment approaches that provide extra support, education and motivation were important for women. Women and clinicians supported use of NRT despite concerns. Financial incentives, counselling, partner support and offering tobacco treatment with antenatal AOD care were considered acceptable treatment options. Conclusions NRT, incentives, counselling and partner support could be utilized in a tobacco intervention for pregnant women with substance use concerns. Non-judgmental education, motivation, and provision of NRT including instruction for correct use are important considerations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13722-022-00337-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Jackson
- Hunter New England Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Level 3, 670 Hunter Street, Newcastle, NSW, 2290, Australia.
| | - Penny Buykx
- School of Humanities, Creative Industries and Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Hunter New England Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Level 3, 670 Hunter Street, Newcastle, NSW, 2290, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian J Dunlop
- Hunter New England Local Health District Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Level 3, 670 Hunter Street, Newcastle, NSW, 2290, Australia
| | - Gillian S Gould
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Liu L, Cheng S, Wen Y, Jia Y, Cheng B, Meng P, Yang X, Yao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li C, Pan C, Chen Y, Zhang F. Maternal smoking around birth may lower the protective effects of breastfeeding on anxiety, depression and neuroticism in adult offspring: a UK biobank study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:481-492. [PMID: 35962842 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aim to explore the combined effects of the smoking and breastfeeding on offspring mental health outcomes. We used data from UK biobank (N = 342,846) to evaluate joint effect of breastfeeding and maternal smoke during pregnancy (MSDP) on seven adult offspring mental health outcomes (self-reported depression, depression score, self-reported anxiety, anxiety score, neuroticism score, self-harm, suicide). We stratified individuals to MSDP group and non-MSDP group as well as breastfeeding group and non-breastfeeding group. Multiple linear regression and logistic regressions analysis were performed between independent variables (MSDP or breastfeeding) and dependent variables separately (seven mental health outcomes) in each stratum. Effect estimates were expressed as β values and OR values. Sex, age, 10 principle components of population structure, smoking, alcohol use, and Townsend deprivation index were examined as covariates. At MSDP grouping level, coefficients (odds ratio [OR]) for association of breastfed as a baby with self-reported anxiety (category variable) were 0.87 (95%CI, (0.82-0.93), P = 1.74 × 10-5) in the MSDP group and 0.83 (95%CI, (0.79-0.87), P = 2.76 × 10-17) in the non-MSDP group. At breastfeeding grouping level, OR for association of MSDP and self-reported anxiety were 1.15 (95%CI, (1.10-1.20), P = 5.36 × 10-11) in breastfeeding group and 1.12(95%CI, (1.06-1.20), P = 2.02 × 10-4) in non-breastfeeding group. At MSDP grouping level, negatively associations were found for breastfeeding and anxiety score (continuable variable) in MSDP group (-0.04 SD change per SD change in MSDP, 95% CI, (- 0.06, - 0.02), P = 2.42 × 10-3) and non-MSDP group (-0.06 SD change per SD change in MSDP, 95%CI, (- 0.07, - 0.04), P = 1.70 × 10-11). At breastfeeding grouping level, positive association was found for MSDP and anxiety score in the breastfeeding group (0.07 SD change per SD change in MSDP, 95%CI, (0.06-0.09), P = 1.49 × 10-20) and non-breastfeeding group (0.07 SD change per SD change in MSDP, 95%CI, (0.05-0.09), P = 7.19 × 10-8). Compared with non-MSDP group, the protective effect (reflected by coefficients) of breastfeeding on anxiety in the MSDP decreased. Our preliminary study found MSDP may lower the protective effect of breastfeeding on the adult offspring anxiety, depression and neuroticism, providing useful recommendations for health care service via quitting smoking during pregnancy and encouraging prolonged breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chune Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Duko B, Pereira G, Tait RJ, Betts K, Newnham J, Alati R. Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures and the risk of anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A population-based cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114466. [PMID: 35219268 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have linked prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures to internalizing behaviours in children and adolescents with inconsistent findings. Dearth of epidemiological studies have investigated the associations with the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood. METHODS Study participants (N = 1190) were from the Raine Study, a population-based prospective birth cohort based in Perth, Western Australia. Data on prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were available for the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood at age 20 years was measured by a short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21). Relative risk (RR) of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood for prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were estimated with log binomial regression. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed increased risks of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults exposed to prenatal tobacco in the first trimester [RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.06, p-value < 0.01] and third trimester [RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.13, p-value = 0.02]. However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between first trimester [RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.76-1.22, p-value = 0.90] and third trimester [RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80-1.34, p-value = 0.91] prenatal exposure to alcohol and the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults. There was a dose response association between prenatal tobacco exposure and increasing anxiety symptoms in offspring. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and risk of anxiety symptoms remains apparent into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley WA 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place Building 609, Level 2 Technology Park, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - John Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley WA 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068 Australia
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Corrêa ML, da Silva BGC, Wehrmeister FC, Horta BL, Gonçalves H, Anselmi L, Barros F, Menezes AMB. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient of offspring aged 18 and 30 years: Evidence from two birth cohorts in southern Brazil. Prev Med 2022; 156:106983. [PMID: 35150754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes several harmful effects, including deficits in the intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure associated with academic achievements and higher socioeconomic position. We aimed to measure the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's IQ in two birth cohorts from Pelotas, Brazil. Data from the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts were analyzed. Smoking during pregnancy was ascertained at the perinatal follow-up, and IQ was measured at 30 years (1982) and 18 years (1993). Simple and multiple linear regressions were used for crude and adjusted analysis. Mediation analysis was performed using birth weight and breastfeeding as possible mediators. Data analysis was conducted in 2020. There were 3611 and 4050 participants from the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, the inverse association between smoking during pregnancy and children's IQ remained significant in both cohorts. Offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy had an average of 1.32 less IQ points (95%CI: -2.23, -0.242) in the 1982 cohort, and an average of 1.66 less IQ points (95%CI: -2.42, -0.90) in the 1993 cohort. Neither cohort showed association with paternal smoking (negative controls) after adjustment. Breastfeeding's mediated effects accounted for 26.2% and 23.9% of the association in the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively, while birth weight's accounted for 6.8% and 30.1%, respectively; indirect effects were not significant. The inverse association between maternal smoking and IQ and the lack of association with paternal smoking reinforces our findings of a negative association between exposure and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lima Corrêa
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil; Centro de Epidemiologia Ufpel Dr. Amilcar Gigante, R. Mal. Deodoro, 1160 - Centro, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barros
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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Substance Use among Youth in Community and Residential Mental Health Care Facilities in Ontario, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031731. [PMID: 35162754 PMCID: PMC8835119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to improve the integration of substance use and mental health care for children and youth. This study examines risk and protective factors for substance use among youth with mental health conditions who received community-based or residential care services between 2012–2020 in Ontario, Canada. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to examine patterns and factors associated with substance use among youth (12–18 years) assessed in the community (n = 47,418) and residential (n = 700) mental health care facilities in Ontario, Canada. Youth were assessed with the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment (ChYMH). Substance use is identified by any substance use (including alcohol) 14 to 30 days prior to assessment. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to examine clinical, psychosocial, and environmental factors associated with substance use. This study shows that 22.3% of youth reported the use of substances in the community settings and 37% in residential settings. Older age group (Youth older than 16 years), being a victim of abuse, having experienced self-injurious ideation/attempt, being at risk of disrupted education, and having a parent/caregiver with addiction or substance use disorder were significantly associated with substance use. Several factors reduced the risk of substance use, including being a female, having anxiety symptoms, and having cognition problems. In conclusion, the study found that individual and parental factors increase youth’s risk of substance use, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach that includes consideration of social and biological risk factors to prevention/risk reduction, risk assessment, management, and recovery.
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10
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Cochran DM, Jensen ET, Frazier JA, Jalnapurkar I, Kim S, Roell KR, Joseph RM, Hooper SR, Santos HP, Kuban KCK, Fry RC, O’Shea TM. Association of prenatal modifiable risk factors with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder outcomes at age 10 and 15 in an extremely low gestational age cohort. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:911098. [PMID: 36337853 PMCID: PMC9630552 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.911098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in extremely preterm infants is well-documented. Better understanding of perinatal risk factors, particularly those that are modifiable, can inform prevention efforts. Methods We examined data from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study. Participants were screened for ADHD at age 10 with the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (N = 734) and assessed at age 15 with a structured diagnostic interview (MINI-KID) to evaluate for the diagnosis of ADHD (N = 575). We studied associations of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI), pregestational and/or gestational diabetes, maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) with 10-year and 15-year ADHD outcomes. Relative risks were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust error variance, adjusted for maternal age, maternal educational status, use of food stamps, public insurance status, marital status at birth, and family history of ADHD. We defined ADHD as a positive screen on the CSI-4 at age 10 and/or meeting DSM-5 criteria at age 15 on the MINI-KID. We evaluated the robustness of the associations to broadening or restricting the definition of ADHD. We limited the analysis to individuals with IQ ≥ 70 to decrease confounding by cognitive functioning. We evaluated interactions between maternal BMI and diabetes status. We assessed for mediation of risk increase by alterations in inflammatory or neurotrophic protein levels in the first week of life. Results Elevated maternal BMI and maternal diabetes were each associated with a 55-65% increase in risk of ADHD, with evidence of both additive and multiplicative interactions between the two exposures. MSDP and HDP were not associated with the risk of ADHD outcomes. There was some evidence for association of ADHD outcomes with high levels of inflammatory proteins or moderate levels of neurotrophic proteins, but there was no evidence that these mediated the risk associated with maternal BMI or diabetes. Conclusion Contrary to previous population-based studies, MSDP and HDP did not predict ADHD outcomes in this extremely preterm cohort, but elevated maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal diabetes, and perinatal inflammatory markers were associated with increased risk of ADHD at age 10 and/or 15, with positive interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Cochran
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Cochran,
| | - Elizabeth T. Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Isha Jalnapurkar
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sohye Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina School, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert M. Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hudson P. Santos
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Karl C. K. Kuban
- Division of Neurology (Pediatric Neurology), Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina School, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Ratsch A, Bogossian F, Burmeister EA, Steadman K. Central Australian Aboriginal women's placental and neonatal outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco, cigarette or no tobacco use. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 46:186-195. [PMID: 34821425 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the placental characteristics and neonatal outcomes of Central Australian Aboriginal women based on maternal self-report of tobacco use. METHODS Placental and neonatal variables were collected from a prospective maternal cohort of 19 smokeless tobacco chewers, 23 smokers and 31 no-tobacco users. RESULTS Chewers had the lowest placental weight (460 g) while the no-tobacco group had the heaviest placental weight (565 g). Chewers and the no-tobacco group had placental areas of similar size (285 cm2 and 288 cm2 , respectively) while the placentas of smokers were at least 13 cm2 smaller (272 cm2 ). There were two stillbirths in the study and more than one-third (36%) of neonates (newborns) were admitted to the Special Care Nursery, with the chewers' neonates having a higher admission rate compared with smokers' neonates (44% vs. 23%). The cohort mean birthweight (3348 g) was not significantly different between the groups. When stratified for elevated maternal glucose, the chewers' neonates had the lowest mean birthweight (2906 g) compared to the neonates of the no-tobacco group (3242 g) and smokers (3398 g). CONCLUSIONS This research is the first to demonstrate that the maternal use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (pituri) as smokeless tobacco may negatively impact placental and neonatal outcomes. Implications for public health: Maternal smokeless tobacco use is a potential source of placental and foetal nicotine exposure. Maternal antenatal screening should be expanded to capture a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products, and appropriate cessation support is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
| | - Elizabeth A Burmeister
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Queensland.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Queensland
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12
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Wei LC. Smoking by pregnant mothers and risk of future tobacco use by offspring: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1967477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Chung Wei
- Department of Addiction Psychiatry, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Counseling and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, California, USA
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13
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Duko B, Pereira G, Tait RJ, Nyadanu SD, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal Tobacco Exposure and the Risk of Tobacco Smoking and Dependence in Offspring: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108993. [PMID: 34482031 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some compelling, though not comprehensive, epidemiological evidence which suggests an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and tobacco smoking/dependence in offspring. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco exposure and subsequent tobacco smoking/dependence in offspring. METHODS Using the PRISMA guideline, we systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Psych-INFO to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of all identified studies was checked by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inverse variance weighted random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We stratified outcomes by tobacco smoking initiation, lifetime tobacco smoking, current tobacco smoking and tobacco dependence. We further performed subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. The protocol of this review was registered in the PROSPERO. RESULTS Twenty-six cohort and one case-control study were included in the final meta-analysis. We found elevated pooled risks of tobacco smoking initiation [RR = 2.08, (95 % CI: 1.18-3.68)], ever tobacco smoking [RR = 1.21, (95 % CI: 1.05-1.38)], current tobacco smoking [RR = 1.70, (95 % CI: 1.48-1.95)] and tobacco dependence [RR = 1.50, (95 % CI: 1.31-1.73)] in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use compared to non-exposed. We also noted higher risk estimate of current tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to heavy prenatal tobacco smoking [RR = 1.68, (95 % CI: 1.26-2.23)] when compared to prenatal exposure to lighter tobacco use [RR = 1.39, (95 % CI: 1.09-1.78)]. There was no association observed between paternal smoking during pregnancy and tobacco smoking in offspring. CONCLUSION Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking are at an increased risk of tobacco smoking/dependence, indicating that tobacco smoking cessation during gestation may be imperative to reduce these risks in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawasaa, Ethiopia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place Building 609, Level 2 Technology Park, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
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14
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Duko B, Pereira G, Tait RJ, Newnham J, Betts K, Alati R. Prenatal tobacco exposure and the risk of conduct disorder symptoms in offspring at the age of 14 years: Findings from the Raine Study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:1-8. [PMID: 34304077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that offspring born to mothers who smoked tobacco during pregnancy may have elevated risk of developing conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. We examined associations between maternal and paternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy and CD symptoms in offspring at the age of 14 years. METHODS We obtained data from the Raine Study, a multi-generational cohort study based in Western Australia. DSM-oriented scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to measure CD symptoms in offspring. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the rate ratio (risks) (RR) of CD symptoms in offspring. We also produced the E-values to investigate the extent of unmeasured confounding. Paternal smoking during pregnancy was used as a proxy for environmental tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS Complete data were available for 1747 mother-offspring and 1711 father-offspring pairs. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found elevated risks (rates) of CD symptoms in offspring born to mothers smoking tobacco during the first trimester [RR 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.24-1.87)], third trimester [RR 1.36 (95 % CI: 1.09-1.69)] and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.50 (95 % CI: 1.19-1.90)]. The rates of CD symptoms in offspring increased with the level of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy. However, we noted insufficient statistical evidence for an association between paternal smoking during pregnancy and CD symptoms in offspring. CONCLUSION The associations we found for maternal but not paternal smoking may suggest a biological mechanism for intrauterine tobacco exposure on the risk of CD symptoms in offspring. Early interventions assisting pregnant mothers to quit tobacco smoking, or avoid smoking initiation, have potential to contribute health benefits to both mothers and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Tait
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place Building 609, Level 2 Technology Park, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - John Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland, 4068, Australia
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15
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Buck JM, Yu L, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA. DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:644-666. [PMID: 34270696 PMCID: PMC8444709 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an ensemble of neurodevelopmental consequences in children and therefore constitutes a pressing public health concern. Adding to this burden, contemporary epidemiological and especially animal model research suggests that grandmaternal smoking is similarly associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in grandchildren, indicative of intergenerational transmission of the neurodevelopmental impacts of maternal smoking. Probing the mechanistic bases of neurodevelopmental anomalies in the children of maternal smokers and the intergenerational transmission thereof, emerging research intimates that epigenetic changes, namely DNA methylome perturbations, are key factors. Altogether, these findings warrant future research to fully elucidate the etiology of neurodevelopmental impairments in the children and grandchildren of maternal smokers and underscore the clear potential thereof to benefit public health by informing the development and implementation of preventative measures, prophylactics, and treatments. To this end, the present review aims to encapsulate the burgeoning evidence linking maternal smoking to intergenerational epigenetic inheritance of neurodevelopmental abnormalities, to identify the strengths and weaknesses thereof, and to highlight areas of emphasis for future human and animal model research therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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16
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Berger K, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Li Y, DeGuzman J, She J, Behniwal P, Lyall K, Windham G. The association of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, quantified by serum cotinine, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:2017-2026. [PMID: 34165248 PMCID: PMC10752221 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on in utero exposure to maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or maternal active smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have not been entirely consistent, and no studies have examined in utero cotinine concentrations as an exposure classification method. We measured cotinine in stored second trimester maternal serum for 498 ASD cases and 499 controls born in California in 2011-2012. We also obtained self-reported maternal cigarette smoking during and immediately prior to pregnancy, as well as covariate data, from birth records. Using unconditional logistic regression, we found no association between log10 cotinine concentrations and odds for developing ASD among children of non-smokers (aOR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.69, 1.25] per ng/ml), which represents exposure to ETS, though there may be a possible interaction with race. We found no association between cotinine-defined smoking (≥3.08 ng/ml vs. <3.08 ng/ml) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.35, 1.54)) or self-reported smoking (aOR: 1.64 [95% CI: 0.65, 4.16]) and ASD. In one of the few studies of ETS and the first with measured cotinine, our results indicate no overall relationship between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke from maternal ETS exposure or active smoking, and development of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study found that women who smoke or are exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are not more likely to have children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This is the first ASD study to measure a chemical in the mother's blood during pregnancy to identify exposure to tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Pearl
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Marty Kharrazi
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Josephine DeGuzman
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Paramjit Behniwal
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gayle Windham
- Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
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17
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Buck JM, O'Neill HC, Stitzel JA. The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice. Behav Genet 2021; 51:665-684. [PMID: 34159514 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy constitutes developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) and is associated with nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in both children and grandchildren as well as animal models thereof. Genetic variants such as the CHRNA5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968, which leads to an aspartic acid to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 398 (D398N) in the alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, can also confer risk for nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in the absence of DNE. However, the degrees to which, the consequences of maternal smoking on offspring outcomes are influenced by genetic variants and interactions therewith are not well understood. Addressing this void in the literature, the present study utilizes a DNE mouse model engineered to possess the equivalent of the human D398N SNP in CHRNA5 (D397N SNP in mice) to assess how the N397 risk allele impacts the induction and intergenerational transmission of a range of neurodevelopmental disorder-related behavioral phenotypes in first- and second-generation DNE offspring. Results reveal that offspring possessing the N397 variant in the absence of DNE as well as DNE offspring and grand offspring possessing theD397 variant exhibit analogous neurodevelopmental disorder-like phenotypes including hyperactivity, risk-taking behaviors, aberrant rhythmicity of activity, and enhanced nicotine consumption. DNE amplified these behavioral anomalies in first-generation N397 progeny, but the severity of DNE-evoked behavioral perturbations did not significantly differ between first-generation D397 and N397 DNE mice for any measure. Remarkably, the behavioral profiles of second-generation N397 DNE progeny closely resembled DNE-naive D397 mice, suggesting that the N397 variant may protect against the intergenerational transmission of DNE-induced neurodevelopmental disorder-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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18
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Rissanen I, Paananen M, Harju T, Miettunen J, Oura P. Maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy predicts offspring's smoking and substance use - The Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101467. [PMID: 34194967 PMCID: PMC8237583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to characterize the association of maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy with offspring's smoking, alcohol and substance use behavior. We used the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 11,653 mothers and their offspring followed up from mothers' mid-pregnancy to age of 46 years. Main exposure was number of smoked cigarettes per day at each month of pregnancy. Outcome measures were offspring's smoking, alcohol and drug use at age 14, starting age of smoking, ever-smoking, and smoked pack-years until age 46. Four maternal smoking trajectories during pregnancy were identified with latent class trajectory modelling, namely "non-smokers" (86.0% of mothers), "early quitters" (2.0%), "late quitters" (2.1%), and "consistent smokers" (9.9%). In comparison to non-smokers, all maternal smoking was associated with offspring's increased odds of lifetime smoking adjusted for sex of the child, father's smoking, occupational status and place of residence of family, marital status and mood of mother, and desirability of pregnancy. The consistent smoker's class was associated with offspring's number of smoked pack years by midlife (median [interquartile range]: 8.3 [1.4-17.4] vs. 4.8 [0.0-13.0], p = 0.028), and alcohol use in young age (odds ratio 1.23 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.43]). Overall, to prevent parent-offspring transmission of smoking, the cessation support should target women planning pregnancy. Negative effects of maternal continuous smoking during pregnancy include all substance use and reach up to offspring's middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rissanen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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19
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von Ehrenstein OS, Cui X, Yan Q, Aralis H, Ritz B. Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A California Statewide Cohort and Sibling Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:728-737. [PMID: 32830844 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children in a statewide population-based cohort and sibling-comparison design using California birth records (n = 2,015,104) with information on maternal smoking, demographic factors, and pregnancy (2007-2010). ASD cases (n = 11,722) were identified through California Department of Developmental Services records with diagnoses based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR. We estimated odds ratios for ASD with and without intellectual disability in the full cohort using logistic regression and in a sibling comparison using conditional logistic regression. In the full cohort, the adjusted odds ratio for ASD and maternal smoking 3 months before/during pregnancy compared with nonsmoking was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.26), and it was similar in cases with (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.49) and without intellectual disability (odds ratio = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27). Heavy prenatal smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day in any trimester) was related to an odds ratio of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.98). In the sibling comparison, the odds ratio for heavy smoking was similarly elevated but the confidence interval was wide. Our findings are consistent with an increased risk for ASD in offspring of mothers who smoked ≥20 cigarettes/day during pregnancy; associations with lighter smoking were weaker.
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Gowen AM, Odegaard KE, Hernandez J, Chand S, Koul S, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. Role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of addiction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1637. [PMID: 33336550 PMCID: PMC8026578 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking despite adverse consequences. There are both heritable and epigenetic mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs regulate synaptic plasticity and related behaviors caused by substances of abuse. These ncRNAs modify gene expression and may contribute to the behavioral phenotypes of addiction. Among the ncRNAs, the most widely researched and impactful are miRNAs. The goal in this systematic review is to provide a detailed account of recent research involving the role of miRNAs in addiction. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Odegaard
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jordan Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sneh Koul
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Ratsch A, Bogossian F, Steadman K. Central Australian Aboriginal women's pregnancy, labour and birth outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco (pituri) use, cigarette use or no-tobacco use: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:814. [PMID: 33910555 PMCID: PMC8082654 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes related to maternal smoked tobacco (cigarette) use have been substantially examined over the past 50 years with resultant public health education targeted towards the reduction of use during pregnancy. However, worldwide the effects of maternal smokeless tobacco use have been less well explored and in Australia, there has been no examination of maternal outcomes in relation to the use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (tobacco plant) as a smokeless tobacco, colloquially known as pituri. The aim of this study is to describe the maternal outcomes of a group of central Australian Aboriginal women in relation to their self-reported tobacco use. METHODS Eligible participants were > 18 years of age, with a singleton pregnancy, > 28 weeks gestation, and who planned to birth at the Alice Springs Hospital (the major regional hospital for central Australia, in the Northern Territory, Australia). The sample consisted of 73 conveniently recruited women categorized by tobacco-use status as no-tobacco users (n = 31), pituri chewers (n = 19), and smokers (n = 23). RESULTS There were differences in the groups in relation to teenage pregnancies; 35% of no-tobacco users, compared with 5% of pituri users, and 13% of smokers were < 20 years of age. The chewers had a higher rate (48%) of combined pre-existing and pregnancy-related elevated glucose concentrations compared with smokers (22%) and no-tobacco users (16%).The pituri chewers had the lowest rate (14%) of clinically significant post-partum hemorrhage (> 1000 ml) compared with 22% of smokers and 36% of the no-tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS This is the first research to examine pituri use in pregnancy and the findings indicate possible associations with a range of adverse maternal outcomes. The use of smokeless tobacco needs to be considered in maternal healthcare assessment to inform antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care planning. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Female smokeless tobacco use is a global phenomenon and is particularly prevalent in low and middle income countries and in Indigenous populations. The findings contribute to the developing knowledge around maternal smokeless tobacco use and maternal outcomes. Maternal screening for a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products is required. NOTE TO READERS In this research, the central Australian Aboriginal women chose the term 'Aboriginal' to refer to themselves, and 'Indigenous' to refer to the broader First Peoples. That choice has been maintained in the reporting of the research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Wide Bay Hospital and Health Services, Hervey Bay, Queensland 4655 Australia
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- Professor of Practice Education in Health at the University of the Sunshine Coast (USC) and USC Academic Lead at the Sunshine Coast Health Institute (SCHI), Birtinya, Queensland 4575 Australia
| | - Kathryn Steadman
- Associate Professor School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102 Australia
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Linked patterns of biological and environmental covariation with brain structure in adolescence: a population-based longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4905-4918. [PMID: 32444868 PMCID: PMC7981783 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of major brain reorganization shaped by biologically timed and by environmental factors. We sought to discover linked patterns of covariation between brain structural development and a wide array of these factors by leveraging data from the IMAGEN study, a longitudinal population-based cohort of adolescents. Brain structural measures and a comprehensive array of non-imaging features (relating to demographic, anthropometric, and psychosocial characteristics) were available on 1476 IMAGEN participants aged 14 years and from a subsample reassessed at age 19 years (n = 714). We applied sparse canonical correlation analyses (sCCA) to the cross-sectional and longitudinal data to extract modes with maximum covariation between neuroimaging and non-imaging measures. Separate sCCAs for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes confirmed that each imaging phenotype was correlated with non-imaging features (sCCA r range: 0.30-0.65, all PFDR < 0.001). Total intracranial volume and global measures of cortical thickness and surface area had the highest canonical cross-loadings (|ρ| = 0.31-0.61). Age, physical growth and sex had the highest association with adolescent brain structure (|ρ| = 0.24-0.62); at baseline, further significant positive associations were noted for cognitive measures while negative associations were observed at both time points for prenatal parental smoking, life events, and negative affect and substance use in youth (|ρ| = 0.10-0.23). Sex, physical growth and age are the dominant influences on adolescent brain development. We highlight the persistent negative influences of prenatal parental smoking and youth substance use as they are modifiable and of relevance for public health initiatives.
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Piffer S, Mazza A, Dell'Anna L. Serological screening for hepatitis C during pregnancy: Seroprevalence and maternal and neonatal outcomes in 45,000 pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:195-199. [PMID: 33017709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study evaluates the trend over time and the results of serological screening for hepatitis C infection in pregnancy and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN It is a retrospective observational study of all pregnant women delivered in maternity units in Trento province, North East Italy, between 2009-2018. Serological screening data for hepatitis C virus were collected through the birth attendance certificate that is the mandatory tool in Italy for the birth report and the monitoring of the pregnancy, childbirth and health of the newborn. We also used the informations collected in the Hospital information system in order to get, for confirmed positive cases, the data of the entire serological profile. On this basis, we calculated the coverage of serological screening, the seroprevalence of the infection and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS A total of 45,493 pregnant women were analysed, 75.5% Italians and 24.5% foreigners. The mean coverage for serological HCV screening in pregnancy was 99.4%. 177 women tested positive for HCV antibodies (107 Italian and 70 foreign women). Mean overall seroprevalence in pregnant women was 3.9‰ (95% CI: 3.8-4.0); amongst Italians it was 3.2‰ (95% CI: 3.0-3.4) and amongst foreigners it was 6.1‰ (95% CI: 5.9-6.2). The highest seroprevalence was recorded in mothers coming from Asian countries. HCV positive mothers present an excess risk for intrahepatic cholestasis and gestational diabetes compared to HCV negative mothers. The neonatal outcomes considered bring to light a statistically significant increase in preterm births, low birth weight, elective Caesarean births, hospitalisation at birth and bottle- or mixed-feeding vs breast-only feeding. There are differences in obstetric and neonatal outcomes in relation to the HCV positive subgroup of the mother defined in particular by exposure to smoke and/or opioids. CONCLUSIONS The availability and integration of current information sources allows you to verify compliance with national recommendations on the serological screening of hepatitis C virus infection, to determine infection seroprevalence, the characteristics of the cases and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Only part of the maternal and neonatal outcomes studied can be attributed to the presence of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Piffer
- Servizio epidemiologia clinica e valutativa [Clinical & Evaluational Epidemiology Service], Provincial Health Authority, Centro per i Servizi Sanitari, Viale Verona, 38123, Trento I, Italy.
| | - Antonio Mazza
- u.o. pediatria [Paediatrics Unit], Ospedale di Cavalese, Provincial Health Authority, Via Dossi 21, 38033, Cavalese, (TN) - I, Italy.
| | - Laura Dell'Anna
- u.o. ostetricia e ginecologia [Obstetrics & Gynaecology Unit], Ospedale S. Chiara Trento, Provincial Health Authority, Largo Medaglie d'oro 9, 38122, Trento I, Italy.
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Kazemi T, Huang S, Avci NG, Waits CMK, Akay YM, Akay M. Investigating the influence of perinatal nicotine and alcohol exposure on the genetic profiles of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA using miRNA-mRNA analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15016. [PMID: 32929144 PMCID: PMC7490691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol are two of the most commonly used and abused recreational drugs, are often used simultaneously, and have been linked to significant health hazards. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with dependence on one drug are highly likely to be dependent on the other. Several studies have shown the effects of each drug independently on gene expression within many brain regions, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the dopamine reward pathway originate from the VTA, which is believed to be central to the mechanism of addiction and drug reinforcement. Using a well-established rat model for both nicotine and alcohol perinatal exposure, we investigated miRNA and mRNA expression of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the VTA in rat pups following perinatal alcohol and joint nicotine-alcohol exposure. Microarray analysis was then used to profile the differential expression of both miRNAs and mRNAs from DA neurons of each treatment group to further explore the altered genes and related biological pathways modulated. Predicted and validated miRNA-gene target pairs were analyzed to further understand the roles of miRNAs within these networks following each treatment, along with their post transcription regulation points affecting gene expression throughout development. This study suggested that glutamatergic synapse and axon guidance pathways were specifically enriched and many miRNAs and genes were significantly altered following alcohol or nicotine-alcohol perinatal exposure when compared to saline control. These results provide more detailed insight into the cell proliferation, neuronal migration, neuronal axon guidance during the infancy in rats in response to perinatal alcohol/ or nicotine-alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kazemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shuyan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Naze G Avci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Charlotte Mae K Waits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yasemin M Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Rauschert S, Melton PE, Heiskala A, Karhunen V, Burdge G, Craig JM, Godfrey KM, Lillycrop K, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Oddy WH, Pennell C, Järvelin MR, Sebert S, Huang RC. Machine Learning-Based DNA Methylation Score for Fetal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Development and Validation in Samples Collected from Adolescents and Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:97003. [PMID: 32930613 PMCID: PMC7491641 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with the development of noncommunicable diseases in the offspring. Maternal smoking may induce such long-term effects through persistent changes in the DNA methylome, which therefore hold the potential to be used as a biomarker of this early life exposure. With declining costs for measuring DNA methylation, we aimed to develop a DNA methylation score that can be used on adolescent DNA methylation data and thereby generate a score for in utero cigarette smoke exposure. METHODS We used machine learning methods to create a score reflecting exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy. This score is based on peripheral blood measurements of DNA methylation (Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip). The score was developed and tested in the Raine Study with data from 995 white 17-y-old participants using 10-fold cross-validation. The score was further tested and validated in independent data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) (16-y-olds) and 1966 (NFBC1966) (31-y-olds). Further, three previously proposed DNA methylation scores were applied for comparison. The final score was developed with 204 CpGs using elastic net regression. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity values for the best performing previously developed classifier ("Reese Score") were 88% and 72% for Raine, 87% and 61% for NFBC1986 and 72% and 70% for NFBC1966, respectively; corresponding figures using the elastic net regression approach were 91% and 76% (Raine), 87% and 75% (NFBC1986), and 72% and 78% for NFBC1966. CONCLUSION We have developed a DNA methylation score for exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy, outperforming the three previously developed scores. One possible application of the current score could be for model adjustment purposes or to assess its association with distal health outcomes where part of the effect can be attributed to maternal smoking. Further, it may provide a biomarker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Burdge
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Craig Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Genomic Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Maternal body mass index, smoking status and small for gestational age: an Australian retrospective cohort study. Public Health 2020; 185:381-385. [PMID: 32755729 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking during pregnancy have been associated with a range of adverse maternal and infant birth outcomes. This study aimed to identify whether these independent variables had an interacting relationship with small for gestational age in an Australian obstetric cohort. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort design used data from the Birthing Outcomes System of a major tertiary hospital in Australia. METHODS A total of 14,487 singleton births between January 2008 and December 2013 were included in the analysis. Chi-squared tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for the comparison of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated to determine the association of smoking status with the outcome variable of interest, and these are reported for each maternal BMI category. RESULTS Of the 14,487 women, 716 (4.9%) were underweight (BMI ≤18 kg/m2), 7268 (50.2%) had healthy weight (BMI = 19-24 kg/m2), 3658 (25.3%) were overweight (BMI = 25-29 kg/m2), 1558 (10.8%) had class I obesity (BMI = 30-34 kg/m2), 711 (4.9%) had class II obesity (BMI = 35-39 kg/m2) and 576 (3.9%) had class III obesity (BMI = 40+ kg/m2). Of all women, 10.8% reported being current smokers, 82.0% reported to have never smoked and 4.0% reported to have stopped smoking during or before pregnancy. Smokers with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 were 4.5 (AOR = 4.508; 95% confidence interval: 2.068-9.828) times more likely to give birth to a small-for-gestational-age infant than non-smokers within the same BMI category. This increased risk was not observed in women who ceased smoking before or during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the efficacy of antismoking policies within maternal public health. In addition, greater support with respect to smoking cessation is indicated for women during pregnancy with an elevated BMI.
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Chen J, Bacelis J, Sole-Navais P, Srivastava A, Juodakis J, Rouse A, Hallman M, Teramo K, Melbye M, Feenstra B, Freathy RM, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, Murray JC, Williams SM, Jacobsson B, Muglia LJ, Zhang G. Dissecting maternal and fetal genetic effects underlying the associations between maternal phenotypes, birth outcomes, and adult phenotypes: A mendelian-randomization and haplotype-based genetic score analysis in 10,734 mother-infant pairs. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003305. [PMID: 32841251 PMCID: PMC7447062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many maternal traits are associated with a neonate's gestational duration, birth weight, and birth length. These birth outcomes are subsequently associated with late-onset health conditions. The causal mechanisms and the relative contributions of maternal and fetal genetic effects behind these observed associations are unresolved. METHODS AND FINDINGS Based on 10,734 mother-infant duos of European ancestry from the UK, Northern Europe, Australia, and North America, we constructed haplotype genetic scores using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated with adult height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using these scores as genetic instruments, we estimated the maternal and fetal genetic effects underlying the observed associations between maternal phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes. We also used infant-specific birth weight genetic scores as instrument and examined the effects of fetal growth on pregnancy outcomes, maternal BP, and glucose levels during pregnancy. The maternal nontransmitted haplotype score for height was significantly associated with gestational duration (p = 2.2 × 10-4). Both maternal and paternal transmitted height haplotype scores were highly significantly associated with birth weight and length (p < 1 × 10-17). The maternal transmitted BMI scores were associated with birth weight with a significant maternal effect (p = 1.6 × 10-4). Both maternal and paternal transmitted BP scores were negatively associated with birth weight with a significant fetal effect (p = 9.4 × 10-3), whereas BP alleles were significantly associated with gestational duration and preterm birth through maternal effects (p = 3.3 × 10-2 and p = 4.5 × 10-3, respectively). The nontransmitted haplotype score for FPG was strongly associated with birth weight (p = 4.7 × 10-6); however, the glucose-increasing alleles in the fetus were associated with reduced birth weight through a fetal effect (p = 2.2 × 10-3). The haplotype scores for T2D were associated with birth weight in a similar way but with a weaker maternal effect (p = 6.4 × 10-3) and a stronger fetal effect (p = 1.3 × 10-5). The paternal transmitted birth weight score was significantly associated with reduced gestational duration (p = 1.8 × 10-4) and increased maternal systolic BP during pregnancy (p = 2.2 × 10-2). The major limitations of the study include missing and heterogenous phenotype data in some data sets and different instrumental strength of genetic scores for different phenotypic traits. CONCLUSIONS We found that both maternal height and fetal growth are important factors in shaping the duration of gestation: genetically elevated maternal height is associated with longer gestational duration, whereas alleles that increase fetal growth are associated with shorter gestational duration. Fetal growth is influenced by both maternal and fetal effects and can reciprocally influence maternal phenotypes: taller maternal stature, higher maternal BMI, and higher maternal blood glucose are associated with larger birth size through maternal effects; in the fetus, the height- and metabolic-risk-increasing alleles are associated with increased and decreased birth size, respectively; alleles raising birth weight in the fetus are associated with shorter gestational duration and higher maternal BP. These maternal and fetal genetic effects may explain the observed associations between the studied maternal phenotypes and birth outcomes, as well as the life-course associations between these birth outcomes and adult phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pol Sole-Navais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julius Juodakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amy Rouse
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mikko Hallman
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Teramo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GZ); (LJM)
| | - Ge Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GZ); (LJM)
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Torchin H, Le Lous M, Houdouin V. [In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Impact on the Child from Birth to Adulthood - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines for Smoking Management during Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:567-577. [PMID: 32247092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal passive smoking. It is associated with several obstetrical complications and is a major modifiable factor of maternal and fetal morbidity. Long-term consequences also exist but are less well known to health professionals and in the general population. METHODS Consultation of the Medline® database. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in the offspring with sudden infant death syndrome (NP2), impaired lung function (NP2), lower respiratory infections and asthma (NP2), overweight and obesity (NP2), cancers (NP3), risk of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and early smoking initiation (NP2). Unadjusted analyses show associations between in utero tobacco exposure and cognitive deficits (NP3), impaired school performance (NP3) and behavioral disorders in children (NP2), which are in a large part explained by environmental factors. There is a cross-generational effect of smoking during pregnancy. For example, an increased risk of asthma is observed in the grandchildren of smoking women (NP4). The respective roles of ante- and post-natal smoking remain difficult to assess. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of prevention measures against tobacco use in the general population, as well as screening measures and support for smoking cessation before or at the beginning of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torchin
- Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, INRA, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Houdouin
- Service de pneumologie, allergologie et CRCM pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Inserm UMR S 976, immunologie humaine, physiologie et immunothérapie, faculté Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
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Traccis F, Frau R, Melis M. Gender Differences in the Outcome of Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Drugs of Abuse. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:72. [PMID: 32581736 PMCID: PMC7291924 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great efforts to warn pregnant women that drugs of abuse impact development of the embryo and the fetus, the use of legal and illegal drugs by childbearing women is still a major public health concern. In parallel with well-established teratogenic effects elicited by some drugs of abuse, epidemiological studies show that certain psychoactive substances do not induce birth defects but lead to subtle neurobehavioral alterations in the offspring that manifest as early as during infancy. Although gender differences in offspring susceptibility have not been fully investigated, a number of longitudinal studies indicate that male and female progeny exposed in utero to drugs of abuse show different vulnerabilities to deleterious effects of these substances in cognitive, executive, and behavioral domains. Here, we briefly review the existing literature focusing on gender differences in the neurobehavioral consequences of maternal exposure to drugs of abuse. Overall, the data strongly indicate that male exposed progeny are more susceptible than female to dysfunctions in cognitive processing and emotional regulation. However, insights into the mechanisms determining this natural phenomenon are not currently available. Our analysis prompts future investigations to implement clinical studies including the influence of gender/sex as a biological variable in the outcome of offspring prenatally exposed to drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Burns JJ, Livingston R, Amin R. The Proximity of Spatial Clusters of Low Birth Weight and Risk Factors: Defining a Neighborhood for Focused Interventions. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1065-1072. [PMID: 32350727 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity and remains a significant preventable problem. Risk factors include socioeconomic, demographics, and characteristics of the environment. Spatial analysis can uncover unusual frequencies of health problems in neighborhoods, eventually leading to insights for targeted interventions. OBJECTIVES This study's goals were to 1. Evaluate the geographic distribution of spatial clusters of LBW births and maternal risk factors. 2. Determine the spatial relationship between risk factors and LBW. METHODS This study obtained data on LBW newborns and risk factors from 19,013 births over 5 years (2012-2016) for Escambia County Census Tracts, extracted from FloridaCharts.com. Software was used to detect significant spatial clusters; these clusters were then plotted on a map. Poisson regression determined the statistical relationship between Census Tract risk factors and LBW. A separate analysis of the LBW cluster controlling for risk factors was also performed. RESULTS All risk factor clusters resided in similar locations as the LBW cluster. The multiple Poisson regression model containing all risk factors fully explained the LBW cluster. On bivariate Poisson regression all risk factors in the Census Tract were significantly related to LBW whereas in multivariable Poisson regression, the proportion of births to African American women in the Census Tract remained significant after adjusting for other risk factors (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Clusters of LBW and risk factors were located in the same region of the county, with the proportion of births to African American women in the Census Tract remaining significant on multiple Poisson Regression. Targeted interventions should be directed at the geographic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Studer Family Children's Hospital, 5153 North Ninth Avenue, Pensacola, FL, 32504, USA.
| | - Riley Livingston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Studer Family Children's Hospital, 5153 North Ninth Avenue, Pensacola, FL, 32504, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Lowder Building, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233-1771, AL, UK
| | - Raid Amin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Building 4, Room 336, 1111 University Parkway, Pensacola, USA
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Association of maternal anthropometry, hemoglobin and serum zinc concentration during pregnancy with birth weight. Early Hum Dev 2020; 142:104949. [PMID: 31923646 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low birthweight (LBW) infants in general are at greater risk of early mortality. Evidence also suggests increased risk of lifelong adverse health and social consequences of LBW. Several bio-psychosocial variables influence birth weight; identifying significant influencers is important to develop effective interventions. Pregnant women (n = 341), in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, visiting antenatal care units in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were recruited and followed until delivery. Socio-demographic and economic condition, parity, household food security, dietary intake, iron-folic acid supplementation, and maternal anthropometric measurement were captured. In addition, hemoglobin and serum zinc concentration were determined. Furthermore, birth weight was recorded. During the first trimester, 10.9% participants were underweight, 19.4% were overweight, and 3.5% were obese. Low serum zinc was found in 36.7% of women. In addition, 18.4% of women were anemic. Two-third of women had less than the minimum adequate dietary diversity. Of the newborns (n = 329), 13.4% were underweight. Maternal mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), serum zinc and hemoglobin concentration, and amount of money spent on food were positively correlated with birth weight (p < 0.05).The odds of LBW were greater among women with low hemoglobin concentration [AOR 4.8, 95% CI 1.7-13.4, p = 0.002] or MUAC <23 cm [AOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-11.0, p = 0.03] in the first trimester, and those not taking iron-folic acid supplement during the second trimester [AOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.02-0.4, p < 0.001]. Various maternal and household factors were associated with the odds of LBW, and intervention studies are required to determine causality.
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Lee JY, Kim W, Brook JS, Finch SJ, Brook DW. Adolescent risk and protective factors predicting triple trajectories of substance use from adolescence into adulthood. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2020; 29:403-412. [PMID: 33311966 PMCID: PMC7731617 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the number of individuals who use substances in the United States has markedly increased every year, substance use is a significant public health concern. The current study examines the possible risk and protective factors associated with triple comorbid trajectories of longitudinal alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use from age 14 to 36. METHODS A community sample of 674 participants (53% African Americans and 47% Puerto Ricans; 60% females) were recruited from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between the risk (low self-control, peer drug use) and protective (parent-child attachment, family church attendance) factors at age 14 and membership in the triple trajectory groups derived from a multivariate growth mixture model. RESULTS Low self-control and peer drug use were associated with an increased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group (i.e., low alcohol, no tobacco, and no cannabis use). On the other hand, parent-child attachment and family church attendance were associated with a decreased likelihood of being a member in the triple comorbid trajectory groups compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment programs for adolescents who use substances may be more helpful if their parents and/or friends could also participate together with the adolescent, rather than only the adolescent participates in the treatment programs. Further research is needed to gain a greater understanding of the conceptual nature of the relationship between earlier risk and protective factors and later substance use patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lee
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wonkuk Kim
- Chung-Ang University, Department of Applied Statistics, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith S. Brook
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen J. Finch
- Stony Brook University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David W. Brook
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Jackson MA, Brown AL, Baker AL, Gould GS, Dunlop AJ. The Incentives to Quit tobacco in Pregnancy (IQuiP) protocol: piloting a financial incentive-based smoking treatment for women attending substance use in pregnancy antenatal services. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032330. [PMID: 31753890 PMCID: PMC6886985 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While tobacco smoking prevalence is falling in many western societies, it remains elevated among high-priority cohorts. Rates up to 95% have been reported in women whose pregnancy is complicated by other substance use. In this group, the potential for poor pregnancy outcomes and adverse physical and neurobiological fetal development are elevated by tobacco smoking. Unfortunately, few targeted and effective tobacco dependence treatments exist to assist cessation in this population. The study will trial an evidence-based, multicomponent tobacco smoking treatment tailored to pregnant women who use other substances. The intervention comprises financial incentives for biochemically verified abstinence, psychotherapy delivered by drug and alcohol counsellors, and nicotine replacement therapy. It will be piloted at three government-based, primary healthcare facilities in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, Australia. The study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the treatment when integrated into routine antenatal care offered by substance use in pregnancy antenatal services. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study will use a single-arm design with pre-post comparisons. One hundred clients will be recruited from antenatal clinics with a substance use in pregnancy service. Women must be <33 weeks' gestation, ≥16 years old and a current tobacco smoker. The primary outcomes are feasibility, assessed by recruitment and retention and the acceptability of addressing smoking among this population. Secondary outcomes include changes in smoking behaviours, the comparison of adverse maternal outcomes and neonatal characteristics to those of a historical control group, and a cost-consequence analysis of the intervention implementation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Protocol approval was granted by Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference 17/04/12/4.05), with additional ethical approval sought from the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW (Reference 1249/17). Findings will be disseminated via academic conferences, peer-reviewed publications and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (Ref: ACTRN12618000576224).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Jackson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Brown
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gillian S Gould
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian J Dunlop
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug & Alcohol Clinical Research & Improvement Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jackson MA, Baker AL, McCarter KL, Brown AL, Gould GS, Dunlop AJ. Interventions for pregnant women who use tobacco and other substances: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032449. [PMID: 31719091 PMCID: PMC6858244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of tobacco smoking in pregnancy remains elevated in some disadvantaged populations of women. One group is those who use alcohol and/or other psychoactive substances during pregnancy, with tobacco use prevalence estimates ranging from 71% to 95%. Although effective evidence-based cessation treatments exist, few women with co-occurring substance use problems successfully stop smoking during pregnancy. There is limited information about treatments that specifically target this group and a summary of the available research is required to assist and enhance the development of innovative cessation interventions. This article describes a protocol for a comprehensive review of studies that have trialled behavioural and/or pharmacological tobacco cessation interventions in populations of pregnant women who are nicotine dependent and use alcohol and/or other psychoactive substances. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The review will undertake literature searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and ProQuest databases, as well as the grey literature. Studies of any design methodology will be included if they describe changes to tobacco smoking behaviours in quantitative terms. No restriction on year of publication or published language will apply. Participants include pregnant women of any age, who smoke tobacco, who are seeking or having treatment, or in post-treatment recovery for the use of psychoactive substances. Interventions are any psychological, behavioural or pharmacological treatments used to treat tobacco use. Outcome measures are any that quantitatively report abstinence or reductions in participant tobacco consumption. Key details and tobacco-related outcomes from included studies will be extracted and tabulated before being narratively synthesised. The systematic review protocol has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed literature, conference presentations, media and social media. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018108777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Jackson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen L McCarter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda L Brown
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gillian S Gould
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian J Dunlop
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug & Alcohol Clinical Research & Improvement Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Rauschert S, Melton PE, Burdge G, Craig JM, Godfrey KM, Holbrook JD, Lillycrop K, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Oddy WH, Pennell C, Huang RC. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Induces Persistent Epigenetic Changes Into Adolescence, Independent of Postnatal Smoke Exposure and Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk. Front Genet 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31616461 PMCID: PMC6764289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown effects of current and maternal smoking during pregnancy on DNA methylation of CpG sites in newborns and later in life. Here, we hypothesized that there are long-term and persistent epigenetic effects following maternal smoking during pregnancy on adolescent offspring DNA methylation, independent of paternal and postnatal smoke exposure. Furthermore, we explored the association between DNA methylation and cardiometabolic risk factors at 17 years of age. Materials and Methods: DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip in whole blood from 995 participants attending the 17-year follow-up of the Raine Study. Linear mixed effects models were used to identify differential methylated CpGs, adjusting for parental smoking during pregnancy, and paternal, passive, and adolescent smoke exposure. Additional models examined the association between DNA methylation and paternal, adolescent, and passive smoking over the life course. Offspring CpGs identified were analyzed against cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, triacylglycerols (TG), high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and body mass index). Results: We identified 23 CpGs (genome-wide p level: 1.06 × 10-7) that were associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, including associated genes AHRR (cancer development), FTO (obesity), CNTNAP2 (developmental processes), CYP1A1 (detoxification), MYO1G (cell signalling), and FRMD4A (nicotine dependence). A sensitivity analysis showed a dose-dependent relationship between maternal smoking and offspring methylation. These results changed little following adjustment for paternal, passive, or offspring smoking, and there were no CpGs identified that associated with these variables. Two of the 23 identified CpGs [cg00253568 (FTO) and cg00213123 (CYP1A1)] were associated with either TG (male and female), diastolic blood pressure (female only), or HDL-C (male only), after Bonferroni correction. Discussion: This study demonstrates a critical timing of cigarette smoke exposure over the life course for establishing persistent changes in DNA methylation into adolescence in a dose-dependent manner. There were significant associations between offspring CpG methylation and adolescent cardiovascular risk factors, namely, TG, HDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure. Future studies on current smoking habits and DNA methylation should consider the importance of maternal smoking during pregnancy and explore how the persistent DNA methylation effects of in utero smoke exposure increase cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rauschert
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Graham Burdge
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Early Life Epigenetics Group, MCRI, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna D. Holbrook
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy H. Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Schilling L, Schneider S, Karlheim C, Maul H, Tallarek M, Spallek J. Perceived threats, benefits and barriers of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. A qualitative analysis of risk perception within existing threads in online discussion forums. Midwifery 2019; 79:102533. [PMID: 31499382 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that e-cigarettes are perceived as being less harmful than tobacco cigarettes by pregnant women and might be used to quit smoking during pregnancy. Our aim was to further explore and characterise perceived threats, benefits and barriers of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. METHODS Our STudy on E-cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP) was, among others, based on a netnographic approach of analysing existing threads in German-speaking online discussion forums dealing with perceived threats and benefits of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. For the analysis, we used an inductive-deductive qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Based on 25 online discussion threads containing 1552 posts, we identified perceived threats, perceived benefits and perceived barriers to e-cigarette use during pregnancy, among others, as main themes. Subthemes identified within the main theme perceived threats were severe nicotine related health risks, potential health risks of additional ingredients, relative risks and lack of knowledge and research studies. As perceived benefits, we identified possibility and facilitation of smoking cessation, harm reduction and financial benefits. Perceived barriers were lack of satisfaction and social stigma. CONCLUSION Our qualitative results suggest that the perception of the health threats related to e-cigarette use during pregnancy varies according to the nicotine content and the perception of relative risks compared with tobacco cigarettes. In addition to this, risk perception is defined through further health and non-health related barriers and benefits (e.g. suitability of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid, social stigma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schilling
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany; Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sven Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Marie Tallarek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology, Senftenberg, Germany
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Perico N, Askenazi D, Cortinovis M, Remuzzi G. Maternal and environmental risk factors for neonatal AKI and its long-term consequences. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 14:688-703. [PMID: 30224767 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication in critically ill neonates. Gestational risk factors for AKI include premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction and low birthweight, which are associated with poor nephron development and are often the consequence of pre-gestational and gestational factors, such as poor nutritional status. Our understanding of how to best optimize renal development and prevent AKI is in its infancy; however, the identification of pre-gestational and gestational factors that increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and the implementation of interventions, such as improving nutritional status early in pregnancy, have the potential to optimize fetal growth and reduce the risk of preterm birth, thereby improving kidney health. The overall risk of AKI among critically ill and premature neonates is exacerbated postnatally as these infants are often exposed to dehydration, septic shock and potentially nephrotoxic medications. Strategies to improve outcomes - for example, through careful evaluation of nephrotoxic drugs - may reduce the incidence of AKI and its consequences among this population. Management strategies and updated technology that will support neonates with AKI are greatly needed. Extremely premature infants and those who survive an episode of AKI should be screened for chronic kidney disease until early adulthood. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of neonatal AKI, focusing on its relationship to preterm birth and growth restriction. We describe factors that prevent optimal nephrogenesis during pregnancy and provide a framework for future explorations designed to maximize outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - David Askenazi
- Pediatric and Infant Center for Acute Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Monica Cortinovis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy. .,Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy. .,L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Reduced adolescent risk-assessment and lower nicotinic beta-2 expression in rats exposed to nicotine through lactation by forcedly drinking dams. Neuroscience 2019; 413:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ratsch A, Steadman K, Ryu B, Bogossian F. Tobacco and Pituri Use in Pregnancy: A Protocol for Measuring Maternal and Perinatal Exposure and Outcomes in Central Australian Aboriginal Women. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E47. [PMID: 31181680 PMCID: PMC6632177 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoking is a recognized risk behavior that has adverse impacts onmaternal and fetal health. However, in some populations, the use of smokeless tobacco exceeds theuse of smoked tobacco. In central Australia, Aboriginal populations utilize wild tobacco plants(Nicotiana spp.) as a smokeless product. These plants are known by a variety of names, one of whichis pituri. The plants are masticated and retained in the oral cavity for extended periods of time andtheir use continues throughout pregnancy, birth, and lactation. In contrast to the evidence related tocombusted tobacco use, there is no evidence as to the effects of pituri use in pregnancy. CentralAustralian Aboriginal women who were at least 28 weeks pregnant were stratified into three tobaccoexposure groups: (a) Pituri chewers, (b) smokers, and (c) non-tobacco users. Routine antenatal andbirth information, pre-existing and pregnancy-related maternal characteristics, fetal characteristics,and biological samples were collected and compared. The biological samples were analysed fortobacco and nicotine metabolite concentrations. Samples from the mother included venous blood,urine, hair and colostrum and/or breast milk. From the neonate, this included Day 1 and Day 3 urineand meconium, and from the placenta, arterial and venous cord blood following delivery. This is thefirst study to correlate the pregnancy outcomes of central Australian Aboriginal women with differenttobacco exposures. The findings will provide the foundation for epidemiological data collection inrelated studies. Note to readers: In this article, the term "Aboriginal" was chosen by central Australianwomen to refer to both themselves and the Aboriginal people in their communities. "Indigenous" waschosen to refer to the wider Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ratsch
- Research Education, Development and Support, Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service,Hervey Bay 4655, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Steadman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Fiona Bogossian
- School of Health & Sports Science and School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore 4558, Australia.
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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McNally S, McCrory C, Quigley J, Murray A. Decomposing the social gradient in children's vocabulary skills at 3 years of age: A mediation analysis using data from a large representative cohort study. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101326. [PMID: 31125856 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in children's expressive language by socio-economic status are evident early in childhood and impact children's development and educational attainment. This study investigated the processes by which maternal education, as a powerful indicator for socio-economic status, affects early expressive language. A nationally representative cohort study of 8,062 children resident in the Republic of Ireland were assessed on the British Ability Scales (BAS) Naming Vocabulary Test at 36 months. A significant difference of almost six points was found between the mean vocabulary test scores of children whose mothers had completed the minimum level of educational attainment compared with children whose mothers had a degree-level qualification. Mediation analysis revealed that 78% of the difference was explained by mediating variables, with differences in household income, parental practice, and material resources accounting for most of the variation. The findings support interventions which redress gaps in maternal education, income, and caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad McNally
- Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jean Quigley
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling Murray
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
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Kirişci M. Comparison of artificial neural network and logistic regression model for factors affecting birth weight. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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42
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Malanchini M, Smith-Woolley E, Ayorech Z, Rimfeld K, Krapohl E, Vuoksimaa E, Korhonen T, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TC, Rose RJ, Lundström S, Anckarsäter H, Kaprio J, Lichtenstein P, Boomsma DI, Plomin R. Aggressive behaviour in childhood and adolescence: the role of smoking during pregnancy, evidence from four twin cohorts in the EU-ACTION consortium. Psychol Med 2019; 49:646-654. [PMID: 29886849 PMCID: PMC6378412 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been linked to offspring's externalizing problems. It has been argued that socio-demographic factors (e.g. maternal age and education), co-occurring environmental risk factors, or pleiotropic genetic effects may account for the association between MSDP and later outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the association between MSDP and a single harmonized component of externalizing: aggressive behaviour, measured throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS Data came from four prospective twin cohorts - Twins Early Development Study, Netherlands Twin Register, Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden, and FinnTwin12 study - who collaborate in the EU-ACTION consortium. Data from 30 708 unrelated individuals were analysed. Based on item level data, a harmonized measure of aggression was created at ages 9-10; 12; 14-15 and 16-18. RESULTS MSDP predicted aggression in childhood and adolescence. A meta-analysis across the four samples found the independent effect of MSDP to be 0.4% (r = 0.066), this remained consistent when analyses were performed separately by sex. All other perinatal factors combined explained 1.1% of the variance in aggression across all ages and samples (r = 0.112). Paternal smoking and aggressive parenting strategies did not account for the MSDP-aggression association, consistent with the hypothesis of a small direct link between MSDP and aggression. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal factors, including MSDP, account for a small portion of the variance in aggression in childhood and adolescence. Later experiences may play a greater role in shaping adolescents' aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Malanchini
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Emily Smith-Woolley
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ziada Ayorech
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Krapohl
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, United States
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health and the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health and the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Buck JM, Sanders KN, Wageman CR, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA, O'Neill HC. Developmental nicotine exposure precipitates multigenerational maternal transmission of nicotine preference and ADHD-like behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic anomalies in adolescent mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:66-82. [PMID: 30742847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, a form of developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), is associated with increased nicotine use and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD in children. Here, we characterize the behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic consequences of DNE in the F1 (first) and F2 (second) generation adolescent offspring of mice exposed to nicotine prior to and throughout breeding. We assessed the effects of passive oral methylphenidate (MPH) administration and voluntary nicotine consumption on home cage activity rhythms and activity and risk-taking behaviors in the open field. Results imply a multigenerational predisposition to nicotine consumption in DNE mice and demonstrate ADHD-like diurnal and nocturnal hyperactivity and anomalies in the rhythmicity of home cage activity that are reversibly rescued by MPH and modulated by voluntary nicotine consumption. DNE mice are hyperactive in the open field and display increased risk-taking behaviors that are normalized by MPH. Pharmacological characterization of nicotinic and dopaminergic systems in striatum and frontal cortex reveals altered expression and dysfunction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), hypersensitivity to nicotine-induced nAChR-mediated dopamine release, and impaired dopamine transporter (DAT) function in DNE mice. Global DNA methylation assays indicate DNA methylome deficits in striatum and frontal cortex of DNE mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DNE enhances nicotine preference, elicits hyperactivity and risk-taking behaviors, perturbs the rhythmicity of activity, alters nAChR expression and function, impairs DAT function, and causes DNA hypomethylation in striatum and frontal cortex of both first and second-generation adolescent offspring. These findings recapitulate multiple domains of ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States.
| | - Kelsey N Sanders
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Charles R Wageman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, United States
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
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Comparison between dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA following chronic nicotine exposure during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:445. [PMID: 30679632 PMCID: PMC6345743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine during pregnancy through maternal smoking or nicotine replacement therapy is associated with adverse birth outcomes as well as several cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Several studies have shown that nicotine produces long-lasting effects on gene expression within many brain regions, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which is the origin of dopaminergic neurons and the dopamine reward pathway. Using a well-established rat model for perinatal nicotine exposure, we sought to investigate altered biological pathways using mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (non-DA) neurons in this highly-valuable area. Putative miRNA-gene target interactions were assessed as well as miRNA-pathway interactions. Our results indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions were significantly altered in DA and non-DA neurons due to chronic nicotine exposure during pregnancy. They also show that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was enriched in DA neurons with multiple significant miRNA-gene targets, but the same changes were not seen in non-DA neurons. We speculate that nicotine exposure during pregnancy could differentially affect the gene expression of DA and non-DA neurons in the VTA.
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Keller RF, Kanlikilicer P, Dragomir A, Fan Y, Akay YM, Akay M. Investigating the Effect of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure on Dopaminergic Neurons in the VTA Using miRNA Expression Profiles. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 16:843-849. [PMID: 29364128 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2776841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with developmental, cognitive, and behavioral disorders, including low birth weight, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and drug abuse later in life. Nicotine activates the reward-driven behavior characteristic of drug abuse. Dopaminergic (DA) neurons originating from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain, which are stimulated by nicotine and other stimuli, are widely implicated in the natural reward pathway that is known to contribute to addiction. In recent years, microRNAs have been implicated in disrupting regulatory mechanisms due to their capability of targeting multiple genes and thus inducing downstream effects along many pathways. In order to investigate miRNA expression of dopaminergic neurons from the VTA, we employed patch clamping to identify and harvest both DA and non-DA neurons from rats perinatally exposed to nicotine for use in single-cell RT-qPCR. Our data indicated that miR-140-5p and miR-140-3p were upregulated in DA neurons; while miR-140-3p and miR-212 were differentially expressed in non-DA neurons. A functional enrichment analysis was also performed on our miRNA-gene prediction network and predicted that our miRNAs target genes involved in drug response and neuroplasticity.
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De Genna NM, Goldschmidt L, Richardson GA, Cornelius MD, Day NL. Trajectories of pre- and postnatal co-use of cannabis and tobacco predict co-use and drug use disorders in adult offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 70:10-17. [PMID: 30227199 PMCID: PMC6239951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-use of cannabis and tobacco is increasingly common among women and is associated with tobacco and cannabis dependence and poorer cessation outcomes. However, no study has examined maternal patterns of co-use over time, or the impact of maternal co-use on co-use and drug problems in adult offspring. Pregnant women (M age = 23, range = 18-42; 52% African American, 48% White) were asked about substance use during each trimester of pregnancy, and at 8 and 18 months, 3, 6, 10, 14, 16, and 22 years postpartum. We examined patterns of any maternal cigarette and cannabis use during pregnancy and the postpartum years. As young adults (M age = 22.8 years, range = 21-26), 603 offspring completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to identify four maternal trajectories through 16 years postpartum: (1) no co-use (66%), (2) decreasing co-use (16%), (3) postpartum-only co-use (11%), and (4) chronic co-use (7%). Offspring whose mothers were in the decreasing co-use group (co-users primarily during prenatal and preschool periods) were more likely to be co-users than the offspring of non-co-users. Offspring whose mothers were chronic co-users of cigarettes and cannabis were more than twice as likely to have a drug use disorder than young adults whose mothers were not co-users. The results of this study highlight the heterogeneity in maternal co-use of tobacco and cannabis over time, with some women quitting during pregnancy but resuming co-use in the postpartum, and other women co-using during pregnancy but desisting co-use over time. Maternal trajectories of co-use were associated with inter-generational transfer of risk for substance use and dependence in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha M De Genna
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Lidush Goldschmidt
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC) at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Gale A Richardson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Marie D Cornelius
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Nancy L Day
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Tsai PH, Yu KH, Chou IJ, Luo SF, Tseng WY, Huang LH, Kuo CF. Risk of autism spectrum disorder in children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:599-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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48
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Keller RF, Dragomir A, Yantao F, Akay YM, Akay M. Investigating the genetic profile of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA in response to perinatal nicotine exposure using mRNA-miRNA analyses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13769. [PMID: 30213973 PMCID: PMC6137108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developmental, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. Nicotine, the primary addictive component in tobacco, has been shown to modulate changes in gene expression when exposure occurs during neurodevelopment. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is believed to be central to the mechanism of addiction because of its involvement in the reward pathway. The purpose of this study was to build a genetic profile for dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA and investigate the disruptions to the molecular pathways after perinatal nicotine exposure. Initially, we isolated the VTA from rat pups treated perinatally with either nicotine or saline (control) and collected DA neurons using fluorescent-activated cell sorting. Using microarray analysis, we profiled the differential expression of mRNAs and microRNAs from DA neurons in the VTA in order to explore potential points of regulation and enriched pathways following perinatal nicotine exposure. Furthermore, mechanisms of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation were investigated using predicted and validated miRNA-gene targets in order to demonstrate the role of miRNAs in the mesocorticolimbic DA pathway. This study provides insight into the genetic profile as well as biological pathways of DA neurons in the VTA of rats following perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F Keller
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Fan Yantao
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yasemin M Akay
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Metin Akay
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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El-Khoury Lesueur F, Sutter-Dallay AL, Panico L, Azria E, Van der Waerden J, Regnault Vauvillier N, Charles MA, Melchior M. The perinatal health of immigrant women in France: a nationally representative study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:1027-1036. [PMID: 30097678 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the healthy migrant effect, immigrants and descendants of immigrants face health challenges and socio-economic difficulties. The objective of this study is to examine the perinatal health of women of migrant origin. METHODS The nationwide French ELFE (Etude Longitudinale Française Depuis l'Enfance) birth cohort study recruited approximately 18,000 women. We studied pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as tobacco, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy according to migrant status and region of origin. RESULTS Women from North Africa and Turkey had a higher risk of pre-pregnancy overweight and GDM, while women from Eastern Europe and Asia had a lower risk of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, but a higher risk of GDM compared to non-immigrants. Women from Sub-Saharan Africa had a higher risk of being overweight or obese pre-pregnancy. Compared to non-immigrants, immigrants-but not descendants of immigrants-had lower levels of tobacco smoking, while descendants of immigrants were less likely to drink alcohol during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women of migrant origin have particular health needs and should benefit from a medical follow-up which addresses those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Sutter-Dallay
- University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lidia Panico
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), Paris, France
| | - Elie Azria
- Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Team (EPOPé), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, INSERM, UMR 1153, DHU Risk in Pregnancy, Paris, France.,Department of Obstetrics, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Judith Van der Waerden
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Early ORigin of the Child's Health and Development Team (ORCHAD), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), INSERM, UMR1153, Paris Descartes University, France, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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50
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De Genna NM, Richardson GA, Goldschmidt L, Day NL, Cornelius MD. Prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis: Associations with adult electronic cigarette use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:209-215. [PMID: 29778775 PMCID: PMC6038701 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis are associated with combustible cigarette use. This study evaluated pathways from these prenatal exposures to adult electronic cigarette use. We tested whether there were indirect effects of these prenatal exposures via childhood behavior dysregulation, early tobacco use, and adolescent tobacco dependence. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with 427 adult offspring (22-33 years old) from 3 prenatal cohorts with trimester-specific data on exposures to tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. The offspring were 59% Black and 41% White (61% female). Prenatal exposures included quantity/frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use by mothers during the first trimester. Using logistic regression and structural equation modeling, we examined the effects of gestational exposures on adult electronic cigarette use via early cigarette use (prior to age 14), controlling for covariates of combustible and electronic cigarette use. RESULTS There were no effects of childhood behavioral dysregulation on electronic cigarette use. However, there was a significant indirect effect of prenatal exposures to tobacco and cannabis on electronic cigarette use via early adolescent combustible cigarette use and adolescent risk for tobacco dependence. CONCLUSIONS One implication of these findings is that the inter-generational risk for tobacco use conferred via gestational exposures to tobacco and cannabis generalizes to novel products such as electronic cigarettes. These results have implications for public health, as more women use cannabis and co-use cigarettes and cannabis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha M De Genna
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Gale A Richardson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Lidush Goldschmidt
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC) at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Nancy L Day
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Marie D Cornelius
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (WPIC), 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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