1
|
Bouquet de Joliniere J, Major A, Ayoubi JM, Cabry R, Khomsi F, Lesec G, Frydman R, Feki A. It Is Necessary to Purpose an Add-on to the American Classification of Endometriosis? This Disease Can Be Compared to a Malignant Proliferation While Remaining Benign in Most Cases. EndoGram® Is a New Profile Witness of Its Evolutionary Potential. Front Surg 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 31231658 PMCID: PMC6566301 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a curious pathology that has been the topic of many international publications. Its etiology remains mysterious but seems to have multiple causes. It is a complex disease whose lesions are very heterogeneous in where they can occur (deep endometriosis, superficial, ovarian cyst), extent, associated symptoms, evolution or aggressiveness of the disease, and response to treatments. Furthermore, it evolves in pushes, remains autonomous, and is responsible for both superficial and deep lesions that explain its two most well know challenges: pain and infertility. It has always been classified by the size of its anatomical lesions—Acosta classification (1), revised by the American fertility society (AFS) (2), and the American society of reproductive medicine (ASRM) classification with a description of the disease at different stages: minimal (score of 1 to 5), mild (3–12), moderate (16 to 40), and severe (>40) (13). If this classification provides a complete repertoire of implants (anatomic) (10), the attribution of points is arbitrary. In fact, the size of the lesions is not synonymous with the difficulty to treat them surgically. Their location, if deep, is larger than the size of ovarian endometriomas. In addition, small anatomical but evaluative lesions will have a larger impact than big fibrous and stable lesions (Figure 1). Thus, attempts to explain their inflammatory side effects have been proposed (14, 15). The French classification nodule, ovaries, adhesions, tube, and inflammation (FOATI) (10) has had the merit of taking this phenomenon into account. In our opinion, we must go much further and propose an amendment in this classification, taking into account the evolution of the lesions and their deep molecular biology because in reality, the lesions are not at the same stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Major
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, HFR, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Friborg, Switzerland
| | - Jean Marc Ayoubi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Rosalie Cabry
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, HFR, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Friborg, Switzerland
| | - Fathi Khomsi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, HFR, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Friborg, Switzerland
| | - Guy Lesec
- Department of Anatomopathology, Unilabs, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Frydman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Anis Feki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, HFR, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Friborg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bulgurcuoglu-Kuran S, Ozsait-Selcuk B, Gungor-Ugurlucan F, Koksal G, Günay C, Faruk B. Higher follicular fluid glycodelin levels are negatively correlated with embryonic development in assisted reproduction. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:346-351. [PMID: 30264946 PMCID: PMC6210615 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible effect of follicular fluid glycodelin levels on the quality of developing oocytes and subsequent in vitro embryo development. METHODS Follicular fluid glycodelin levels of 145 patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment were analyzed and the correlation between glycodelin levels and ART outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS We found that glycodelin levels were negatively correlated with the number of high quality embryos on day 3 (r=-0.20, p=0.05). Additionally, higher glycodelin levels were correlated with higher FSH levels (r=0.18, p=0.04). However, glycodelin levels were not predictive for implantation (p=0.67) or ongoing pregnancy rates (p=0.99). CONCLUSION Glycodelin in the follicular environment might be one of the factors that influence the competence of growing oocytes and affect the quality of subsequent in vitro embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Bulgurcuoglu-Kuran
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Ozsait-Selcuk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Gungor-Ugurlucan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gözde Koksal
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Günay
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University (Cerrahpasa), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buyru Faruk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui J, Liu Y, Wang X. The Roles of Glycodelin in Cancer Development and Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29238349 PMCID: PMC5712544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is a kind of glycoprotein expressed in secretory endometrium, pregnancy deciduas, and amniotic fluid originally, which is vital for the maintenance of normal human reproductive activities. Recent researches have reported that glycodelin is specifically expressed in various malignancies, including female-specific cancers such as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and non-gender specific cancers including lung cancer, and colon cancer, and glycodelin expression correlates with the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. This review focuses on the expression of glycodelin in different cancers and its role in cancer development and progression. Glycodelin possesses the abilities to regulate cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion, promote cancer angiogenesis, and modulate the differentiation and function of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells, monocyte-macrophages, natural killer cells and B cells participating in cancer development. The expression of glycodelin can be regulated by stromal cells, lysophosphatidic acid, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and relaxin. In summary, glycodelin is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients, and depending on its distinct immunoregulatory effects, glycodelin can be a prospective target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cui
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu J, Berga SL, Johnston-MacAnanny EB, Sidell N, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK, Taylor RN. Endometrial Stromal Decidualization Responds Reversibly to Hormone Stimulation and Withdrawal. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2432-46. [PMID: 27035651 PMCID: PMC4891781 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human endometrial stromal decidualization is required for embryo receptivity, angiogenesis, and placentation. Previous studies from our laboratories established that connexin (Cx)-43 critically regulates endometrial stromal cell (ESC) differentiation, whereas gap junction blockade prevents it. The current study evaluated the plasticity of ESC morphology and Cx43 expression, as well as other biochemical markers of cell differentiation, in response to decidualizing hormones. Primary human ESC cultures were exposed to 10 nM estradiol, 100 nM progesterone, and 0.5 mM cAMP for up to 14 days, followed by hormone withdrawal for 14 days, mimicking a biphasic ovulatory cycle. Reversible differentiation was documented by characteristic changes in cell shape. Cx43 was reversibly up- and down-regulated after the estradiol, progesterone, and cAMP treatment and withdrawal, respectively, paralleled by fluctuations in prolactin, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-11, and glycodelin secretion. Markers of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), and its counterpart epithelial-mesenchymal transition, followed reciprocal patterns corresponding to the morphological changes. Incubation in the presence of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, an inhibitor of gap junctions, partially reversed the expression of decidualization and MET markers. In the absence of hormones, Cx43 overexpression promoted increases in vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-11 secretion, up-regulated MET markers, and reduced N-cadherin, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker. The combined results support the hypothesis that Cx43-containing gap junctions and endocrine factors cooperate to regulate selected biomarkers of stromal decidualization and MET and suggest roles for both phenomena in endometrial preparation for embryonic receptivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Sarah L Berga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Erika B Johnston-MacAnanny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Neil Sidell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Indrani C Bagchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Milan K Bagchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.Y., S.L.B., E.B.J.-M., R.N.T.), Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.Y., R.N.T.), and Molecular Medicine and Translational Sciences Program (R.N.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (N.S.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; and Departments of Comparative Biosciences (I.C.B.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (M.K.B.), University of Illinois Urbana/Champaign, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bastu E, Mutlu MF, Yasa C, Dural O, Nehir Aytan A, Celik C, Buyru F, Yeh J. Role of Mucin 1 and Glycodelin A in recurrent implantation failure. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:1059-1064.e2. [PMID: 25747132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the levels of Mucin 1 (MUC-1) and Glycodelin A (GdA) in precisely timed endometrial biopsies and blood samples taken from women with recurrent implantation failure, and women with proven fertility, in a control group. DESIGN Molecular studies in human blood and tissue. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Women with recurrent implantation failure and women with proven fertility. INTERVENTION(S) Primary endometrial cells and blood samples during the implantation "window" (between day 7 and day 9 after the surge in luteinizing hormone). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of MUC-1 and GdA in the human endometrium and in blood during the implantation window were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, MUC-1 and GdA levels in tissue were analyzed by western blot during the same period. RESULT(S) Both blood and tissue measurements of MUC-1 and GdA were significantly lower in women with recurrent implantation failure than in fertile women during the implantation window. In addition, we found a highly significant correlation between blood vs. tissue measurements of both MUC-1 and GdA. CONCLUSION(S) The present study reveals that blood and tissue levels of MUC-1 and GdA are much lower in women with RIF, compared with those in fertile women. Receptivity can be evaluated with noninvasive blood sampling, rather than more-invasive endometrium sampling, as the blood and tissue measurements of MUC-1 and GdA are correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Bastu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Cenk Yasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Nehir Aytan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Celik
- Bahceci Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Buyru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John Yeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tapia-Pizarro A, Figueroa P, Brito J, Marín JC, Munroe DJ, Croxatto HB. Endometrial gene expression reveals compromised progesterone signaling in women refractory to embryo implantation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:92. [PMID: 25248672 PMCID: PMC4181418 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial function is essential for embryo implantation. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression profiles from individual endometrial samples obtained from women with repeated implantation failure after IVF in oocyte donation programs. METHODS Seventeen volunteers were recruited: women who had previously participated as recipients in oocyte donation cycles and repeatedly exhibited implantation failure (Group A, study group, n = 5) or had at least one successful cycle (Group B, control group, n = 6) and spontaneously fertile women (Group C, normal fertility group, n = 6). An endometrial cycle was induced with exogenous estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) and an endometrial sample was collected on the seventh day of P treatment. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis showed 82 genes with consistent differential gene expression when comparing A vs. B and A vs. C. One hundred transcripts differentially expressed in group A vs. B have been shown to be regulated by P, suggesting compromised P signaling in the endometrium. The P receptor (PR) mutation PROGINS was not detected in women from group A. Semi-quantitation of immunoreactive PRA/B, PRB and Sp1 (a transcription factor related to P signaling) in paraffin-embedded endometrial sections, did not show statistically significant differences amongst groups. However immunostaining glycodelin was significantly decreased in endometrial samples from group A. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that some cases of repeated implantation failure could be associated with an aberrant gene expression profile. Compromised P signaling might be the underlying mechanism for such endometrial gene expression deregulation in women with repeated implantation failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tapia-Pizarro
- />Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Figueroa
- />Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- />Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - David J Munroe
- />Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701 USA
| | - Horacio B Croxatto
- />Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabbaa ZM, Zheng Y, Daftary GS. KLF11 epigenetically regulates glycodelin-A, a marker of endometrial biology via histone-modifying chromatin mechanisms. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:319-28. [PMID: 24060634 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial biology is characterized by programmed proliferation and differentiation that is synchronous with ovarian folliculogenesis to maximize the chance of pregnancy. Glycodelin-A, an endometrial secretory protein, promotes pregnancy mostly through immunomodulatory mechanisms. Glycodelin-A is repressed during the proliferative and early secretory phase and activated thereafter. Progesterone activates glycodelin via the Sp1 (Specificity Protein 1) transactivator. We identify a novel role for Kruppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) as a glycodelin-A repressor. Although KLF11 bound 2 distinct regulatory elements, it regulated glycodelin promoter activity differentially through each element. Whereas KLF11 weakly activated glycodelin promoter activity via a region that also bound Sp1, the dominant effect of KLF11 was repression of promoter activity, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression via a novel, specific binding element. KLF11 mediated this repression by recruiting the SIN3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressor complex to the glycodelin promoter. KLF11 may solely, or by competing with Sp1, repress glycodelin-A levels and thereby influence its role in the endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid M Tabbaa
- 1Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vargas MF, Tapia-Pizarro AA, Henríquez SP, Quezada M, Salvatierra AM, Noe G, Munroe DJ, Velasquez LA, Croxatto HB. Effect of single post-ovulatory administration of levonorgestrel on gene expression profile during the receptive period of the human endometrium. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:25-36. [PMID: 22052941 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that levonorgestrel (LNG) used as an emergency contraceptive interferes with endometrial receptivity remains unproven. We compared the endometrial gene expression profile during the receptive period after administering a single dose of LNG 1.5 mg or placebo on day 1 of the luteal phase. An endometrial biopsy was done on day LH+7 or LH+8 and samples were taken from seven volunteers, each one contributing with one cycle treated with placebo and another with LNG. The expression of 20 383 genes was determined using cDNA microarrays. Real-time RT-PCR was used 1) to confirm the differences found in DNA microarray analysis and 2) to determine the effect of LNG on transcript levels of C3, C4BPα, COX2, MAOA, S100A4, and SERPINB9, known to be upregulated during receptivity, and on cPLA2α, JAK1, JNK1, CTSL1, and GSTP1, known to respond to mifepristone. Additional endometrial biopsies were done during the pre-receptive (LH+3) and receptive (LH+7) period and samples were taken from eight untreated volunteers in order to determine the changes associated with acquisition of receptivity of 14 genes. Mean levels of PAEP, TGM2, CLU, IGF2, and IL6ST mRNAs increased after administering LNG while those of HGD, SAT1, EVA1, LOC90133, ANXA1, SLC25A29, CYB5A, CRIP1, and SLC39A14 decreased. Except for the level of ANXA1 transcript, all changes remained within the range observed in untreated controls, and none of the transcripts responding to mifepristone changed in response to LNG. Post-ovulatory administration of LNG caused minimal changes in gene expression profiling during the receptive period. Neither the magnitude nor the nature or direction of the changes endorses the hypothesis that LNG interferes with endometrial receptivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Vargas
- Universidad Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santi A, Felser RS, Mueller MD, Wunder DM, McKinnon B, Bersinger NA. Increased endometrial placenta growth factor (PLGF) gene expression in women with successful implantation. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:663-8. [PMID: 21762891 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the vascularization of the endometrium via hysteroscopy and to assess its correlation with angiogenic factor gene expression and embryo implantation rate. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Public university hospital. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing hysteroscopy for supposed infertility. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial quality assessment according to Sakumoto-Masamoto, performed in the early secretory phase of the cycle. Collection of an endometrial tissue biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and determination of gene expression of angiogenesis- and implantation-relevant factors using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Retrieval of pregnancy information from the medical records. RESULT(S) Good quantity/quality RNA with infertility history was obtained from 63 participating women. Those with a "good" endometrium and subsequent pregnancy showed increased gene expression for placenta growth factor when compared with patients with a "bad" endometrium and who did not succeed with pregnancy to date. Nonpregnant women with a "good" endometrium presented an intermediate result. No significant differences were observed for several other genes tested, but trends in the same direction were observed. CONCLUSION(S) This study demonstrates for the first time that endometrial PLGF expression corresponds to the hysteroscopic appearance of the endometrium, and therefore has potential as a clinically relevant prognosticator for infertility treatment success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bentin-Ley U, Lindhard A, Ravn V, Islin H, Sørensen S. Glycodelin in endometrial flushing fluid and endometrial biopsies from infertile and fertile women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156:60-6. [PMID: 21292383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in the natural cycle just before IVF, whether glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluid obtained days LH+1 and LH+7 can be used in predicting pregnancy in the following IVF cycle, and whether there are differences in women with tubal factor infertility compared to women with unexplained infertility and fertile controls. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational multicentre study of 21 fertile and 75 infertile women (25 showed abnormal tubes with no signs of hydrosalpinges, 18 had uni- or bi-lateral hydrosalpinges, 17 were salpingectomised because of hydrosalpinges, and 15 women had unexplained infertility). Endometrial flushing at days LH+1 and LH+7, endometrial biopsy, and blood sampling at day LH+7 were performed before down-regulation for IVF. Glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluids (EFF), biopsies, and plasma samples were related to tubal pathology, endometrial dating and IVF outcome. Furthermore, total protein concentration was measured in EFF to investigate the influence of normal endometrial maturation on protein concentrations from days LH+1 and LH+7. RESULTS At day LH+1, EFF glycodelin levels were higher in infertile women with abnormal tubes compared to fertile women, particularly in women conceiving after the following IVF. For women with unexplained infertility, a higher level at day LH+1 was present only in women not conceiving after the following IVF. ROC curve analysis showed that at day LH+1 EFF glycodelin levels had no predictive value for IVF outcome. At day LH+7, glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluids and biopsies depended on endometrial dating. CONCLUSIONS At day LH+1, glycodelin concentration is increased in endometrial flushing fluid from infertile women with abnormal tubes compared to fertile controls without being a valuable predictor of subsequent pregnancy. At day LH+7 the glycodelin level depends on endometrial dating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Bentin-Ley
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koistinen H, Hautala LC, Seppälä M, Stenman U, Laakkonen P, Koistinen R. The role of glycodelin in cell differentiation and tumor growth. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 69:452-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00365510903056023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura C Hautala
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Molecular Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Koistinen
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders account for a significant percentage of gynecologic disease, particularly in reproductive age women. Inflammation is a basic method by which we respond to infection, irritation, or injury. Inflammation is now recognized as a type of nonspecific immune response, either acute or chronic. In gynecology, inflammation leads to anatomic disorders primarily as a result of infectious disease; however inflammation can affect ovulation and hormone production as well as be associated with endometriosis. Similarly, immune cell trafficking is an important component of cyclic endometrial development in each menstrual cycle. These immune cells are required for endometrial function, producing a vast array of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation alters endometrial receptivity, however it may also play a role in tissue repair and remodeling. Finally, inflammation affects the trophoblast and trophoblast-endometrial interaction. Some components of the immune response are required for optimal fertility and normal tissue remodeling. A better understanding of the necessary role of inflammation in reproduction will allow more rational and targeted treatment of inflammatory disorders in reproductive medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Weiss
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kunert-Keil C, Jeschke U, Simms G, Kasper M. Increased expression of glycodelin mRNA and protein in rat lungs during ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 131:383-90. [PMID: 19002700 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness. Asthmatic inflammation is characterized by the expression of multiple genes for inflammatory mediators. Glycodelin is a glycoprotein with several functions in cell recognition and differentiation. There is substantial evidence that glycodelin may be a mediator for immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects on several human tissues. To determine the potential role of glycodelin in the pulmonary immune response, we examined the distribution of the glycodelin mRNA and protein in an experimental rat model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. The experimental model developed an airway response to inhaled nebulized ovalbumin in adult rats. Two groups of rats (ovalbumin and saline) were challenged for 3 weeks, lungs were fixed and embedded, and sections were studied for expression of glycodelin mRNA by in situ hybridization and protein by immunohistochemistry. Glycodelin is expressed in Clara cells of bronchial epithelium, type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages. Densitometric analyses show a significant increase of the glycodelin mRNA and protein expression in rat lungs after ovalbumin challenge. Induced glycodelin amounts in tissue, particularly in Clara cells and alveolar macrophages were found. The altered expression pattern of glycodelin may contribute to the pulmonary immune response in asthmatic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kunert-Keil
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bersinger NA, von Roten S, Wunder DM, Raio L, Dreher E, Mueller MD. PAPP-A and osteoprotegerin, together with interleukin-8 and RANTES, are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:103-8. [PMID: 16635455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, glycodelin, osteoprotegerin, and soluble CD163 are possible peritoneal fluid markers for endometriosis and to compare them with the established chemokine markers interleukin-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted. STUDY DESIGN Determination of the concentrations of interleukin-8, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, glycodelin, CD163, osteoprotegerin, and progesterone in the peritoneal fluid collected from women undergoing laparoscopy. RESULTS From a total of 132 women, 77 women were diagnosed with endometriosis, and 55 women were free of the disease and served as control subjects. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and osteoprotegerin showed significantly (P < 0.05) elevated peritoneal fluid concentrations as a function of the severity of the disease, together with interleukin-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (P < .001). Glycodelin and CD163 did not differ between cases and control subjects. Many of these marker concentrations were intercorrelated strongly. CONCLUSION Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and osteoprotegerin may play a role in the inflammation process of endometriosis, but interleukin-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted are superior peritoneal fluid markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick A Bersinger
- Endometriosis Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stavreus-Evers A, Mandelin E, Koistinen R, Aghajanova L, Aghajnova L, Hovatta O, Seppälä M. Glycodelin is present in pinopodes of receptive-phase human endometrium and is associated with down-regulation of progesterone receptor B. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:1803-11. [PMID: 16759928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that glycodelin is localized on pinopodes and correlates with temporal immunostaining of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor (LIFR), and progesterone receptor B (PRB). DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING Hospital-based reproductive health unit and research laboratories. PATIENT(S) Twenty-five healthy fertile women with normal menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from healthy fertile women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunohistochemical staining of glycodelin, ultrastructural immunostaining of glycodelin, and double staining of glycodelin and PRB. RESULT(S) Glycodelin is present in the glands when pinopodes appear. Glycodelin is localized on pinopodes but is also secreted from luminal epithelial cells regardless of pinopode formation. There was a negative correlation between glycodelin secretion from the glands and PRB staining. A weak correlation between the presence of LIFR (but not LIF) and glycodelin was found. CONCLUSION(S) Pinopode appearance, intense staining of LIFR in pinopodes and glycodelin staining in the glands are synchronized events. Down-regulation of PRB in the endometrium is concomitant with the presence of glycodelin in the endometrium, suggesting interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mueller MD, Vigne JL, Streich M, Tee MK, Raio L, Dreher E, Bersinger NA, Taylor RN. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin increases glycodelin gene and protein expression in human endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:4809-15. [PMID: 15886252 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glycodelin (GdA) is an immunosuppressive endometrial glycoprotein critical for embryonic implantation and pregnancy establishment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dioxin [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)] on GdA production in human endometrial cells. DESIGN Controlled endometrial explant (EE) and cell cultures were used in this study. SETTING Work was conducted at university hospital research laboratories in Bern, Switzerland, and in San Francisco, California. PATIENTS Ovulatory women provided endometrial biopsies in the proliferative or secretory phase. INTERVENTION(S) EEs and cells were cultured without and with TCDD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) GdA protein and gene expression were quantified. RESULTS A 2.5-fold increase in GdA production was demonstrated in EEs treated with 10 nm TCDD for 9 d. Fluorography revealed a 3- to 4-fold increase in new GdA biosynthesis and secretion in TCDD-treated endometrial epithelial cells. Because the action of dioxin is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), we ascertained that primary epithelial and Ishikawa cells express AhR. Dose responses to TCDD and expressed AhR were established in transiently transfected Ishikawa cells using luciferase fusion vectors containing 1.0 kb of 5' flanking DNA relative to the GdA transcriptional start site but not when shorter promoter constructs were used. A dioxin response element was mapped to nucleotides -539 to -533 of the gene promoter and verified by site-directed mutagenesis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a direct AhR-mediated effect of dioxin on GdA gene transcription and protein secretion that might influence human female fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mueller
- Endometriosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Effingerstrasse 102, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramachandran S, Song MQ, Lowe E, Dominguez CE, Parthasarathy S, Murphy AA. RU486 inhibits expression of lysophosphatidic acid induced glycodelin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:1285-93; discussion 1293-4. [PMID: 15846221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to provide evidence for the mode of action of RU486 on glycodelin produced in K562 cells. To show that histiocytes may be a source of glycodelin in leiomyoma. STUDY DESIGN With the use of K562, a leukemia cell line, the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), RU486, antioxidants, and ZK112,993 on glycodelin protein and gene expression was studied. Immunocytochemistry for glycodelin and HAM-56 (macrophage) was performed on leiomyoma and myometrium. RESULTS Incubation of K562 cells with LPA, progesterone, ZK112,933 and RU486 significantly induced the expression of glycodelin protein and messenger RNA. The addition of RU486 to LPA activated cells markedly reduced expression of glycodelin. Addition of ZK112,993, an antiprogestin without antioxidant properties, to LPA activated cells did not reduce glycodelin. Histiocytes in leiomyoma and myometrium co-localize with glycodelin. CONCLUSION RU486, partly acting as an antioxidant, markedly reduces LPA stimulated glycodelin production. Histiocytes in leiomyoma and myometrium immunostain for glycodelin and suggests a source for glycodelin in leiomyoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumathi Ramachandran
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mueller MD, Vigne JL, Pritts EA, Chao V, Dreher E, Taylor RN. Progestins activate vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:386-92. [PMID: 12568850 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether progestins activate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. DESIGN In vitro study. SETTING University reproductive biology laboratories. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) Ishikawa cells were transfected with VEGF promoter-luciferase reporter constructs and expression vectors encoding human progesterone receptors (hPR) A or B. The cells were treated with different progestins and antiprogestins, and luciferase activity was compared with controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Three functional progesterone response elements (PREs) in the VEGF promoter were identified by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and different constructs were created to assess each PRE. RESULT(S) In cells expressing hPRA or B, treatment with 10 nM R5020 or 100 nM medroxyprogesterone acetate statistically significantly increased luciferase activity (3.3- to 4.8-fold). Pretreatment with 100 nM RU486 blunted the effect of 10 nM R5020, resulting only in a slight, statistically nonsignificant increase in luciferase activity (1.3- to 1.7-fold). Although three different functional PREs could be identified, no single PRE accounted for the preponderance of the luciferase activity. Full VEGF promoter activation required all three PREs. CONCLUSION(S) Progestins have a direct effect on VEGF gene transcription. However, hPR-mediated transcriptional regulation of the VEGF promoter is complex and cannot be localized to confined PRE sequences. Other response element motifs are likely to play a contributory role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Seppälä M, Taylor RN, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Milgrom E. Glycodelin: a major lipocalin protein of the reproductive axis with diverse actions in cell recognition and differentiation. Endocr Rev 2002; 23:401-30. [PMID: 12202458 DOI: 10.1210/er.2001-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycodelin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. Depending on glycosylation, glycodelin appears in various isoforms. In the uterus, glycodelin-A is the major progesterone-regulated glycoprotein secreted into uterine luminal cavity by secretory/decidualized endometrial glands. The other tissues expressing glycodelin include fallopian tubes, ovary, breast, seminal vesicle, bone marrow, and eccrine glands. Glycodelin-A potently and dose-dependently inhibits human sperm-egg binding, whereas differently glycosylated glycodelin-S from seminal plasma has no such effect. Absence of contraceptive glycodelin-A in the uterus during periovulatory midcycle is consistent with an open "fertile window." Glycodelin induced by local or systemic administration of progestogens may potentially reduce the fertilizing capacity of sperm in any phase of the menstrual cycle. Glycodelin also has immunosuppressive activity. Its high concentration at the fetomaternal interface may contribute to protection of the embryonic semiallograft. Besides being an epithelial differentiation marker, glycodelin appears to play a role in glandular morphogenesis, as transfection of glycodelin cDNA into a glycodelin-negative breast cancer cells resulted in formation of gland-like structures, restricted proliferation, and induction of other epithelial markers. These various properties, as well as the chemistry, biology, and clinical aspects of glycodelin, continue to be areas of active investigation reviewed in this communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markku Seppälä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mandelin E, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Arola J, Affandi B, Seppälä M. Endometrial expression of glycodelin in women with levonorgestrel-releasing subdermal implants. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:474-8. [PMID: 11532467 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether subdermal levonorgestrel implants induce endometrial expression of glycodelin. DESIGN Cross-sectional, blinded study. SETTING University clinic. PATIENT(S) One hundred and eight women with subdermal implants and 19 postmenopausal women. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial biopsies, curettages, and hysterectomies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometrial glycodelin expression was examined through immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and morphologic endometrial dating. RESULT(S) Overall, 80% of the endometrial specimens obtained from women with subdermal levonorgestrel implants stained positive for glycodelin. Endometrial morphology of these women showed proliferative (71%), inactive/weakly proliferative (19%), menstrual or regenerating (6.5%), and other patterns (2.8%). Of these, 79%, 71%, 100%, and 100% were glycodelin positive, respectively. Nineteen specimens were obtained during the midcycle when glycodelin is not normally expressed: of these, 89% stained positive for glycodelin. Implant-related amenorrhea was associated with endometrial glycodelin expression in 58% of the women, whereas the endometrium specimens obtained from women with postmenopausal hypoestrogenic amenorrhea contained no detectable glycodelin. CONCLUSION(S) Subdermal levonorgestrel implant use is often associated with endometrial expression of glycodelin. Because glycodelin has been shown to inhibit sperm-egg binding, the induction of glycodelin may contribute to the contraceptive activity of the implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mandelin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vigne JL, Hornung D, Mueller MD, Taylor RN. Purification and characterization of an immunomodulatory endometrial protein, glycodelin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:17101-5. [PMID: 11278680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010451200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human glycodelin is synthesized by endometrial cells in the late secretory phase and early pregnancy under hormonal regulation. Whereas the precise physiological functions of glycodelin are unknown, its expression during embryonic nidation and its inhibition of T cell proliferation suggest an immunomodulatory role. We purified human glycodelin from first trimester human decidual cytosol by using a rapid two-step high-performance liquid chromatography method and investigated its effects on human monocyte migration. Human U937 cells were used as a model of monocyte chemotaxis in Boyden chamber migration assays. N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and the beta-chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) were used as monocyte chemoattractants. Purified glycodelin inhibited monocyte migration in a dose-dependent fashion (IC50 = 550 nm). Glycodelin activity was totally reversed by heat inactivation (95 degrees C x 15 min) and neutralized by pretreatment with specific anti-glycodelin antibodies. Deglycosylated glycodelin was equipotent to intact glycodelin in the monocyte migration assay. 125I-Glycodelin binding to whole U937 cells revealed a single, saturable site with a Kd = 48 +/- 21 nm by Scatchard analysis. Cross-linking studies indicated that glycodelin binds to a high molecular mass (approximately 250 kDa) protein complex at the monocyte cell surface. Our findings support the hypothesis that glycodelin reduces the local maternal inflammatory response toward the implantation of a semiallogeneic conceptus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Vigne
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0556, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao J, Mazella J, Seppala M, Tseng L. Ligand activated hPR modulates the glycodelin promoter activity through the Sp1 sites in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 176:97-102. [PMID: 11369448 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human endometrium produces glycodelin-A (GdA). The GdA mRNA is highly expressed in progestin-sensitized human endometrial glandular epithelial cells. The mechanism of GdA gene expression, however, is not clear. To understand the cell specific GdA gene transcription, our first approach was to identify the cis-element in the GdA promoter using transfection assay in a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (HEC-1B, a cell line originally derived from the glandular component of the endometrium). The GdA promoter (-1900 to +20 bp) was linked to the luciferase reporter gene to construct p1900Luc, along with two shorter promoter constructs, p1100Luc and p304Luc. Deletion analysis showed that the basal promoter activity was derived from the region between -304 to +20 bp. This region contains three putative Sp1 binding sites (Sp1-1, -243 to -238 bp; Sp1-2, -207 to -202 bp; and Sp1-3, -56 to -49 bp). Mutation analysis at the Sp1 sites showed that p304Spm2Luc and p304Spm3Luc reduced the activity by 80%, while p304Spm1-2-3Luc reduced the activity by 95%. Sp1-1 mutation, however, had no effect. These results showed that two of the three Sp1 cis-elements mediate the basal promoter activity of the GdA gene. Electrophoretic gel mobility shift showed that at least two specific binding proteins in the nuclear extracts of HEC-1B cells bound to the oligo containing Sp1-2 or Sp1-3 cis-element. Sp1 antibody reduced the specific binding complex by 70% suggesting that Sp1 transcription factor regulates GdA gene expression. In addition, over expression of Sp1 increased the promoter activity. To determine whether progestin would modulate the promoter activity, HEC-1B cells were transfected with p304Luc and with progesterone receptor (either hPR-A or hPR-B) expression vector. Medroxyprogesterone acetate increased the promoter activity (3-fold) derived from p304Luc but not from the mutant, p304Spm1-2-3Luc. In contrast, the promoter activity was slightly reduced in cells treated with estradiol and co-transfected with estrogen receptor expression vector. These data indicate that ligand-activated PR stimulates GdA gene expression mediated through the functional Sp1 sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|