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Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Bi H. Case Report: Multimodal Imaging in a Rare Case of Morning Glory Disc Anomaly Complicated With Choroidal Ossification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:826860. [PMID: 35652078 PMCID: PMC9149162 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.826860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The authors described a 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with morning glory disc (MGD) anomaly in the right eye via fundus examination. However, during the head CT examination, a hyperdense choroidal lesion was discovered around the optic disc. Comprehensive investigations revealed that the lesion's characteristics were extremely consistent with choroidal osteoma (CO), so the patient was diagnosed with MGD with CO on his second visit. However, in the subsequent follow-up, the author discovered pigmentary alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the patient's right eye. Finally, the diagnosis was corrected to MGD with choroidal ossification following a thorough etiological analysis. Meanwhile, the characteristics of choroidal ossification were described in detail through multimodal imaging in this article. Methods Retrospective review of a case note. Conclusions Similar to CO, choroidal ossification is the consequence of structured osseous tissue formation regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It consists of bone trabecular and vascular components and is difficult to be distinguished from CO on imaging examinations. In contrast to the congenital prevalence of CO, there are often incentives for the occurrence of choroidal ossification. These inducements will eventually mediate the inflammation in the eye, resulting in the activation of many cytokines and the production of choroidal ossification. Around one-third of patients with MGD will experience retinal detachment, and in certain cases, the subretinal fluid will be absorbed spontaneously, resulting in alterations to the RPE. These processes can activate inflammatory factors in the eye, bringing about a cascade of abnormalities, including the development of CO. Therefore, the proper diagnosis of disease should not be made exclusively on the basis of the imaging findings. A thorough analysis of the epidemiology and etiology is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xingrong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.,Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Chiou YR, Wang LC, Chou YB. Intraocular osseous metaplasia presenting as a solid mass in chronic retinal detachment: a case report. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021; 7:59. [PMID: 34645522 PMCID: PMC8513364 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-021-00331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraocular osseous metaplasia is a rare histological finding associated with benign cellular transformation. Its development requires inflammatory cytokines and the process takes many years. Previous case reports of intraocular ossification manifested as linear calcification or white plaques. In contrast, our case presented with a tumor-like solid mass, in which a long-standing chronic inflammatory stimulation may contribute to the stunning appearance. Case presentation This is a 48-year-old woman with past history of advanced Coat’s-like retinopathy and chronic retinal detachment in the left eye for 12 years. She underwent vitreoretinal surgery to prevent phthisis bulbi. During the operation, a 9 mm solid mass was found embedded within the proliferative tissue above the retina and was removed. Pathological findings revealed bone formation in the center of the mass surrounded by fibrous metaplasia and focal gliotic changes. Layers of cohesive cells were found lining on the external side of the mass, and further immuno-histochemical study suggested them retinal pigment epithelial cells. Postoperatively, the retina was attached with stable visual acuity and normal intraocular pressure. Conclusion To our knowledge, the appearance of a tumor-like mass representing intraocular osseous metaplasia in eyes with chronic inflammation or retinal detachment has not been reported in previous case reports. This case emphasizes the importance of considering osseous metaplasia as one of the differential diagnoses of an unknown intraocular mass, especially in eyes with great severity of chronic inflammation. Also, our immuno-histochemical study provided more evidence on the pathological role of retinal pigment epithelial cells in developing ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Chiou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Chi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Borgia A, Manara S, Balzarotti M, Vinciguerra P, Di Maria A. Small lymphocytic lymphoma in true trilineage hematopoietic tissue within heterotopic ossification in an enucleated blind painful eye: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:92. [PMID: 32635936 PMCID: PMC7341667 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The finding of hematological malignancies within bone marrow in heterotopic ossification has been reported only a handful of times previously in the literature. We described a case of true trilineage hematopoiesis in an excised area of heterotopic ossification from an enucleated blind painful eye. Case presentation A 70-year-old Caucasian man, positive for asymptomatic lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, presented with a blind painful right eye in our ophthalmology department to evaluate enucleation bulbi. After enucleation, a histopathologic examination revealed the presence of intertrabecular infiltration in the metaplastic bone marrow of non-Hodgkin B lymphoma, with small lymphocytes, with similar characteristics to the already known disease. Conclusion This uncommon case reveals the possibility of the localization of malignant cells within bone metaplasia of intraocular ossification in an enucleated blind painful eye. From a practical point of view, a careful systematic histopathological examination of all resected tissues in patients with a history of malignant neoplastic pathology is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and exclude occult malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Borgia
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy.
| | - Sofia Manara
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Monica Balzarotti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Paolo Vinciguerra
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Maria
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Objective: To report a case of intraocular ossification, describe its particularities and review some of the pathogenesis theories. Methods: We described the case of a 31-year-old woman with a history of perforating trauma ten years before, who presented in our clinic for right eye pain. The patient wanted a cosmetic improvement so an evisceration was proposed. An intraocular hard yellowish mass, which had a histopathological examination, was found intraoperatively. Results: We diagnosed the case as an intraocular ossification, based on the medical history and histopathological specimen examination, which proved to be an ossified structure. Conclusions: In spite of a rare occurrence, our case emphasized the theory that trauma and subsequent neurogenic inflammation could lead to osseous metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Maftei
- "Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Tudor Stanca
- "Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu" Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Jakobiec FA, Ma L, Wolkow N, Cameron JD, Maltry AC. Osseous and Adipocytic Differentiations in the Intraocular Lens and Vitreous. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 186:77-88. [PMID: 29191662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze 3 unusual mesenchymal transformations within the eye: adipose or osseous metaplasia of the lens and adipose tissue in the vitreous cavity. DESIGN Observational case series. METHODS Reevaluation of clinicopathologic diagnoses and histopathologic findings in sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction, and Masson trichrome method. RESULTS The 3 cases of mesenchymal transformation occurred in microphthalmic eyes with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (more recently termed persistent fetal vasculature). In 1 case there was total lens replacement with lamellar bone; in another, total replacement of the crystalline lens by adipose tissue; and in a third, an anomalous pocket of adipose tissue in the central vitreous. Multifocal remnants of the lens capsule were seen in the osseous case but were absent from the adipocytic cases. The vitreous adipose tissue was surrounded by an elaborate capillary plexus with an empty, collapsed PAS-positive lens capsule in the pupillary region. Anterior pigmented neuroectodermal disorganization, dysgenesis of angle structures, and a hypoplastic or disorganized iris were also observed in the 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS After review of the literature, it appears that lenticular osseous replacement occurs more often than adipocytic. In addition to vascularization of the lens through a capsular dehiscence, other causes are explored, including direct epithelial-mesenchymal transformations of the lens epithelium or, less likely, of the disorganized adjacent neuroectoderm. The focus of vitreous adipose tissue may represent a transformed luxated lens extruded from its capsule, which was left behind in the pupillary zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Lina Ma
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie Wolkow
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Douglas Cameron
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amanda C Maltry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota
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Shibuya K, Kinoshita K, Mizutani M, Oshima A, Yamashita R, Matsuda Y. Intraocular Ossification in the GSP/pe Chicken With Imperfect Albinism. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:688-91. [PMID: 25421422 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814559401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The eyes of 2 male and 2 female GSP/pe chickens, the imperfect albino strain, were investigated at 52 weeks of age. Aged chickens of the GSP/pe colony became blind with bilateral ocular enlargement and opaque lenses. Affected eyes (bilateral in 2 males and unilateral in 2 females) were hard and difficult to section; histologic specimens were processed after decalcification. A large portion of the posterior chamber was occupied by cancellous bone containing fibrous and cartilaginous foci. Osseous tissues developed adjacent to the choroid, and no retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was detected between osseous tissues and the choroid. Small segments of degenerate neuronal retina were scattered in the osseous tissue. The irises and ciliary bodies were deformed by osseous tissue, and the lenses had severe cataracts. These observations suggest that the intraocular osseous tissue may be derived from RPE in the hereditary incomplete-albino strain of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shibuya
- Research and Development Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kinoshita
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Mizutani
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Oshima
- Research and Development Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Yamashita
- Research and Development Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
Osseous metaplasia may occur in phthisis bulbi, usually caused by long-standing retinal detachment, ocular trauma, or inflammation. However, extensive intraocular bone formation is a rare phenomenon. We report a case with long-standing phthisis bulbi demonstrating subretinal extensive bone formation. Results of histopathologic examination revealed extensive bone formation overlying the choroid with accompanying bone marrow without hematopoiesis.
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Cebulla CM, Flynn HW. Calcification of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium over 15 years. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:1455-6. [PMID: 23090416 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Heterotopic secondary ossification of the eye usually affects intraocular tissues. Although calcium deposition in the scleral lamellae is not uncommonly observed, bone formation is only rarely associated with chromosomal abnormalities or colobomatous eyes. Herein two cases of both scleral and intraocular ossification in patients with long-standing ocular phthisis are reported. The cases of idiopathic scleral ossification, albeit exceedingly rare, suggest that osteogenic precursor cells may reside in the sclera, as well and though very rarely, these cells can also be stimulated to form heterotopic bone by a traumatic or inflammatory local event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pecorella
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shah
- Smt Kannuri Santhamma Retina-Vitreous Centre, Hyderabad, India
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Patterson-Kane JC, Schulman FY, Santiago N, McKinney L, Davis CJ. Mixed germ cell tumor in the eye of a dog. Vet Pathol 2001; 38:712-4. [PMID: 11732807 DOI: 10.1354/vp.38-6-712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old female neutered Staffordshire Bull Terrier presented with a mixed germ cell tumor involving the base of the iris and the ciliary body of the right eye. The tumor mass was composed primarily of packeted vacuolated, polygonal (hepatoid) cells and small round cells; epithelial cells lining tubuloacinar structures were a less prominent component. The hepatoid and round cells stained positively for alpha-fetoprotein and cytokeratin. The epithelial cells stained positively for cytokeratin only, and some contained cytoplasmic mucin droplets. The polygonal cells were interpreted as a hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor, and the epithelial cells were considered a teratomatous component. Trabeculae of bone were observed within the mass and may have been metaplastic or a teratomatous element. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare in dogs and have previously been reported only in the suprasellar region. This is the first report of this tumor type in the eye of a nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Patterson-Kane
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
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