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Miao Y, Meng H. The involvement of α-synucleinopathy in the disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38216911 PMCID: PMC10785555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular deposition and intercellular transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) are shared pathological characteristics among neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of α-synucleinopathies remain unclear, recent findings indicate that disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining optimal neuronal function by ensuring a homeostatic environment, but this function is disrupted during the progression of α-syn pathology. The involvement of microglia in the accumulation, uptake, and clearance of aggregated proteins is critical for managing disease spread and progression caused by α-syn pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on the interrelationships between microglia and α-synucleinopathies, focusing on the remarkable ability of microglia to recognize and internalize extracellular α-syn through diverse pathways. Microglia process α-syn intracellularly and intercellularly to facilitate the α-syn neuronal aggregation and cell-to-cell propagation. The conformational state of α-synuclein distinctly influences microglial inflammation, which can affect peripheral immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes and may regulate the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies. We also discuss ongoing research efforts to identify potential therapeutic approaches targeting both α-syn accumulation and inflammation in PD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongrui Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Nakamura R, Tomizawa I, Iwai A, Ikeda T, Hirayama K, Chiu YW, Suzuki T, Tarutani A, Mano T, Iwata A, Toda T, Sohma Y, Kanai M, Hori Y, Tomita T. Photo-oxygenation of histidine residue inhibits α-synuclein aggregation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23311. [PMID: 37962096 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301533r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into amyloid is the pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. It is widely accepted that α-syn aggregation is associated with neurodegeneration, although the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the inhibition of α-syn aggregation is a potential therapeutic approach against these diseases. This study used the photocatalyst for α-syn photo-oxygenation, which selectively adds oxygen atoms to fibrils. Our findings demonstrate that photo-oxygenation using this photocatalyst successfully inhibits α-syn aggregation, particularly by reducing its seeding ability. Notably, we also discovered that photo-oxygenation of the histidine at the 50th residue in α-syn aggregates is responsible for the inhibitory effect. These findings indicate that photo-oxygenation of the histidine residue in α-syn is a potential therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reito Nakamura
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tomizawa
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Hirayama
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yung Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Airi Tarutani
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Schmit KJ, Garcia P, Sciortino A, Aho VTE, Pardo Rodriguez B, Thomas MH, Gérardy JJ, Bastero Acha I, Halder R, Cialini C, Heurtaux T, Ostahi I, Busi SB, Grandmougin L, Lowndes T, Singh Y, Martens EC, Mittelbronn M, Buttini M, Wilmes P. Fiber deprivation and microbiome-borne curli shift gut bacterial populations and accelerate disease in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113071. [PMID: 37676767 PMCID: PMC10548091 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, dopaminergic neuron loss, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) inclusions. Many PD risk factors are known, but those affecting disease progression are not. Lifestyle and microbial dysbiosis are candidates in this context. Diet-driven gut dysbiosis and reduced barrier function may increase exposure of enteric neurons to toxins. Here, we study whether fiber deprivation and exposure to bacterial curli, a protein cross-seeding with αSyn, individually or together, exacerbate disease in the enteric and central nervous systems of a transgenic PD mouse model. We analyze the gut microbiome, motor behavior, and gastrointestinal and brain pathologies. We find that diet and bacterial curli alter the microbiome and exacerbate motor performance, as well as intestinal and brain pathologies, but to different extents. Our results shed important insights on how diet and microbiome-borne insults modulate PD progression via the gut-brain axis and have implications for lifestyle management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Schmit
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Velma T E Aho
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie H Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Irati Bastero Acha
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Cialini
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Irina Ostahi
- National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Susheel B Busi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Léa Grandmougin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tuesday Lowndes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Hospital University Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Price DL, Khan A, Angers R, Cardenas A, Prato MK, Bani M, Bonhaus DW, Citron M, Biere AL. In vivo effects of the alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor minzasolmin supports clinical development in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:114. [PMID: 37460603 PMCID: PMC10352257 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct targeting of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) has emerged as a disease-modifying strategy for Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies which is being approached using both small molecule compounds and ASYN-targeted biologics. Minzasolmin (UCB0599) is an orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant small molecule ASYN misfolding inhibitor in clinical development as a disease-modifying therapeutic for Parkinson's disease. Herein the results of preclinical evaluations of minzasolmin that formed the basis for subsequent clinical development are described. Pharmacokinetic evaluations of intraperitoneal 1 and 5 mg/kg minzasolmin in wildtype mice revealed parallel and dose-proportional exposures in brain and plasma. Three-month administration studies in the Line 61 transgenic mouse model of PD were conducted to measure ASYN pathology and other PD-relevant endpoints including markers of CNS inflammation, striatal DAT labeling and gait. Reductions in ASYN pathology were correlated with improved aspects of gait and balance, reductions in CNS inflammation marker abundance, and normalized striatal DAT levels. These findings provide support for human dose determinations and have informed the translational strategy for clinical trial design and biomarker selection for the ongoing clinical studies of minzasolmin in patients living with early-stage Parkinson's disease (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04658186; EudraCT Number 2020-003265).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Khan
- Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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Xylaki M, Paiva I, Al-Azzani M, Gerhardt E, Jain G, Islam MR, Vasili E, Wassouf Z, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Fischer A, Outeiro TF. miR-101a-3p Impairs Synaptic Plasticity and Contributes to Synucleinopathy. J Parkinsons Dis 2023; 13:179-196. [PMID: 36744345 PMCID: PMC10041420 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synucleinopathies are disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (aSyn). Synaptic compromise is observed in synucleinopathies parallel to aSyn aggregation and is accompanied by transcript deregulation. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify microRNAs associated with synaptic processes that may contribute to synaptic dysfunction and degeneration in synucleinopathies. METHODS We performed small RNA-sequencing of midbrain from 6-month-old transgenic mice expressing A30P mutant aSyn, followed by comparative expression analysis. We then used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for validation. Functional analysis was performed in primary neurons by biochemical assays and imaging. RESULTS We found several deregulated biological processes linked to the synapse. miR-101a-3p was validated as a synaptic miRNA upregulated in aSyn Tg mice and in the cortex of dementia with Lewy bodies patients. Mice and primary cultured neurons overexpressing miR-101a-3p showed downregulation of postsynaptic proteins GABA Ab2 and SAPAP3 and altered dendritic morphology resembling synaptic plasticity impairments and/or synaptic damage. Interestingly, primary cultured neuron exposure to recombinant wild-type aSyn species efficiently increased miR-101a-3p levels. Finally, a dynamic role of miR-101a-3p in synapse plasticity was shown by identifying downregulation of miR-101a-3p in a condition of enhanced synaptic plasticity modelled in Wt animals housed in enriched environment. CONCLUSION To conclude, we correlated pathologic aSyn with high levels of miR-101a-3p and a novel dynamic role of the miRNA in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Xylaki
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptive Neuroscience, UMR 7364 (CNRS/ Strasbourg University), Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohammed Al-Azzani
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eftychia Vasili
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zinah Wassouf
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - André Fischer
- Department for Epigenetics and Systems Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Qadirifard MS, Kosari M, Naghsh N, Asgari taei A, Klegeris A, Dehghani M, Bahrami A, Taheri H, Mohamadkhani A, Hajibeygi R, Rezaei Tavirani M, Sayehmiri F. Pre-clinical Studies Identifying Molecular Pathways of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:855776. [PMID: 35912090 PMCID: PMC9327618 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.855776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by neuroinflammation, formation of Lewy bodies, and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. In this review, we summarize evidence obtained by animal studies demonstrating neuroinflammation as one of the central pathogenetic mechanisms of PD. We also focus on the protein factors that initiate the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Our targeted literature search identified 40 pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro studies written in English. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway is demonstrated as a common mechanism engaged by neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), as well as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The α-synuclein protein, which plays a prominent role in PD neuropathology, may also contribute to neuroinflammation by activating mast cells. Meanwhile, 6-OHDA models of PD identify microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) as one of the contributors to neuroinflammatory processes in this model. Immune responses are used by the central nervous system to fight and remove pathogens; however, hyperactivated and prolonged immune responses can lead to a harmful neuroinflammatory state, which is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Qadirifard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kosari
- The First Clinical College, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Dehghani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bahrami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Taheri
- Dental School, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Fatemeh Sayehmiri
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Moors TE, Mona D, Luehe S, Duran-Pacheco G, Spycher L, Mundigl O, Kaluza K, Huber S, Hug MN, Kremer T, Ritter M, Dziadek S, Dernick G, van de Berg WDJ, Britschgi M. Multi-platform quantitation of alpha-synuclein human brain proteoforms suggests disease-specific biochemical profiles of synucleinopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:82. [PMID: 35659116 PMCID: PMC9164351 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on immunostainings and biochemical analyses, certain post-translationally modified alpha-synuclein (aSyn) variants, including C-terminally truncated (CTT) and Serine-129 phosphorylated (pSer129) aSyn, are proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease with (PDD) and without dementia (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, quantitative information about aSyn proteoforms in the human brain in physiological and different pathological conditions is still limited. To address this, we generated sequential biochemical extracts of the substantia nigra, putamen and hippocampus from 28 donors diagnosed and neuropathologically-confirmed with different synucleinopathies (PD/PDD/DLB/MSA), as well as Alzheimer’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and aged normal subjects. The tissue extracts were used to build a reverse phase array including 65 aSyn antibodies for detection. In this multiplex approach, we observed increased immunoreactivity in donors with synucleinopathies compared to controls in detergent-insoluble fractions, mainly for antibodies against CT aSyn and pSer129 aSyn. In addition, despite of the restricted sample size, clustering analysis suggested disease-specific immunoreactivity signatures in patient groups with different synucleinopathies. We aimed to validate and quantify these findings using newly developed immunoassays towards total, 119 and 122 CTT, and pSer129 aSyn. In line with previous studies, we found that synucleinopathies shared an enrichment of post-translationally modified aSyn in detergent-insoluble fractions compared to the other analyzed groups. Our measurements allowed for a quantitative separation of PDD/DLB patients from other synucleinopathies based on higher detergent-insoluble pSer129 aSyn concentrations in the hippocampus. In addition, we found that MSA stood out due to enrichment of CTT and pSer129 aSyn also in the detergent-soluble fraction of the SN and putamen. Together, our results achieved by multiplexed and quantitative immunoassay-based approaches in human brain extracts of a limited sample set point to disease-specific biochemical aSyn proteoform profiles in distinct neurodegenerative disorders.
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Foley PB, Hare DJ, Double KL. A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:505-520. [PMID: 35534717 PMCID: PMC9188502 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron has a long and storied history in Parkinson disease and related disorders. This essential micronutrient is critical for normal brain function, but abnormal brain iron accumulation has been associated with extrapyramidal disease for a century. Precisely why, how, and when iron is implicated in neuronal death remains the subject of investigation. In this article, we review the history of iron in movement disorders, from the first observations in the early twentieth century to recent efforts that view extrapyramidal iron as a novel therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Foley PB, Hare DJ, Double KL. A brief history of brain iron accumulation in Parkinson disease and related disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:505-520. [PMID: 35534717 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-025055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron has a long and storied history in Parkinson disease and related disorders. This essential micronutrient is critical for normal brain function, but abnormal brain iron accumulation has been associated with extrapyramidal disease for a century. Precisely why, how, and when iron is implicated in neuronal death remains the subject of investigation. In this article, we review the history of iron in movement disorders, from the first observations in the early twentieth century to recent efforts that view extrapyramidal iron as a novel therapeutic target and diagnostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic J Hare
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kay L Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Cascella R, Bigi A, Cremades N, Cecchi C. Effects of oligomer toxicity, fibril toxicity and fibril spreading in synucleinopathies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:174. [PMID: 35244787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a general hallmark of protein deposition diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease, in which different types of aggregated species (oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils) are generated by the cells. Despite widespread interest, the relationship between oligomers and fibrils in the aggregation process and spreading remains elusive. A large variety of experimental evidences supported the idea that soluble oligomeric species of different proteins might be more toxic than the larger fibrillar forms. Furthermore, the lack of correlation between the presence of the typical pathological inclusions and disease sustained this debate. However, recent data show that the β-sheet core of the α-Synuclein (αSyn) fibrils is unable to establish persistent interactions with the lipid bilayers, but they can release oligomeric species responsible for an immediate dysfunction of the recipient neurons. Reversibly, such oligomeric species could also contribute to pathogenesis via neuron-to-neuron spreading by their direct cell-to-cell transfer or by generating new fibrils, following their neuronal uptake. In this Review, we discuss the various mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by αSyn, including oligomer toxicity, fibril toxicity and fibril spreading.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yue Y, Tian T. Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? Front Neurosci 2022; 15:799526. [PMID: 35185448 PMCID: PMC8854654 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.799526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is uncertain and progression difficult to monitor and predict. Currently, a possibility is that PD may be secondary to long lasting peripheral affectations. In this regard, it has been shown that retinal degeneration is present in PD patients. Although it is unknown if retinal degeneration precedes PD motor symptoms, the possibility exists since degeneration of peripheral organs (e.g., olfaction, gut) have already been proven to antedate PD motor symptoms. In this paper, we explore this possibility by introducing the anatomical and functional relationship of retina and brain and providing an overview of the physiopathological changes of retinal structure and visual function in PD. On the basis of the current status of visual deficits in individuals with PD, we discuss the modalities and pathological mechanism of visual function or morphological changes in the retina and focus on the correlation between visual impairment and some representative structural features with clinical significance. To consider retinal degeneration as a contributor to PD origin and progress is important because PD evolution may be monitored and predicted by retinal studies through state-of-the-art techniques of the retina. It is significant to integrally understand the role of retinal morphological and functional changes in the neurodegenerative process for the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhua Yue
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhua Yue,
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tian Tian,
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12
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Gadhe L, Sakunthala A, Mukherjee S, Gahlot N, Bera R, Sawner AS, Kadu P, Maji SK. Intermediates of α-synuclein aggregation: Implications in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106736. [PMID: 34923391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic deposition of aberrantly misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a common feature of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise pathogenic mechanism of α-Syn in synucleinopathies remains elusive. Emerging evidence has suggested that α-Syn may contribute to PD pathogenesis in several ways; wherein the contribution of fibrillar species, for exerting toxicity and disease transmission, cannot be neglected. Further, the oligomeric species could be the most plausible neurotoxic species causing neuronal cell death. However, understanding the structural and molecular insights of these oligomers are very challenging due to the heterogeneity and transient nature of the species. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the formation and role of α-Syn oligomers in PD pathogenesis. We also summarize the different types of α-Syn oligomeric species and potential mechanisms to exert neurotoxicity. Finally, we address the possible ways to target α-Syn as a promising approach against PD and the possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nitisha Gahlot
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Riya Bera
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ajay Singh Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Arsac JN, Sedru M, Dartiguelongue M, Vulin J, Davoust N, Baron T, Mollereau B. Chronic Exposure to Paraquat Induces Alpha-Synuclein Pathogenic Modifications in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11613. [PMID: 34769043 PMCID: PMC8584077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive accumulation of neuronal intracellular aggregates largely composed of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) protein. The process of αSyn aggregation is induced during aging and enhanced by environmental stresses, such as the exposure to pesticides. Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide which has been widely used in agriculture and associated with PD. PQ is known to cause an increased oxidative stress in exposed individuals but the consequences of such stress on αSyn conformation remains poorly understood. To study αSyn pathogenic modifications in response to PQ, we exposed Drosophila expressing human αSyn to a chronic PQ protocol. We first showed that PQ exposure and αSyn expression synergistically induced fly mortality. The exposure to PQ was also associated with increased levels of total and phosphorylated forms of αSyn in the Drosophila brain. Interestingly, PQ increased the detection of soluble αSyn in highly denaturating buffer but did not increase αSyn resistance to proteinase K digestion. These results suggest that PQ induces the accumulation of toxic soluble and misfolded forms of αSyn but that these toxic forms do not form fibrils or aggregates that are detected by the proteinase K assay. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Drosophila can be used to study the effect of PQ or other environmental neurotoxins on αSyn driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Arsac
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses) Laboratory of Lyon, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (J.-N.A.); (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Marianne Sedru
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Mireille Dartiguelongue
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses) Laboratory of Lyon, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (J.-N.A.); (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Johann Vulin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses) Laboratory of Lyon, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (J.-N.A.); (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Nathalie Davoust
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (N.D.)
| | - Thierry Baron
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses) Laboratory of Lyon, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (J.-N.A.); (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (N.D.)
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Atieh TB, Roth J, Yang X, Hoop CL, Baum J. DJ-1 Acts as a Scavenger of α-Synuclein Oligomers and Restores Monomeric Glycated α-Synuclein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101466. [PMID: 34680099 PMCID: PMC8533443 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation of α-synuclein (αSyn), as occurs with aging, has been linked to the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through the promotion of advanced glycation end-products and the formation of toxic oligomers that cannot be properly cleared from neurons. DJ-1, an antioxidative protein that plays a critical role in PD pathology, has been proposed to repair glycation in proteins, yet a mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we integrate solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques to characterize glycated N-terminally acetylated-αSyn (glyc-ac-αSyn) and its interaction with DJ-1. Glycation of ac-αSyn by methylglyoxal increases oligomer formation, as visualized by AFM in solution, resulting in decreased dynamics of the monomer amide backbone around the Lys residues, as measured using NMR. Upon addition of DJ-1, this NMR signature of glyc-ac-αSyn monomers reverts to a native ac-αSyn-like character. This phenomenon is reversible upon removal of DJ-1 from the solution. Using relaxation-based NMR, we have identified the binding site on DJ-1 for glycated and native ac-αSyn as the catalytic pocket and established that the oxidation state of the catalytic cysteine is imperative for binding. Based on our results, we propose a novel mechanism by which DJ-1 scavenges glyc-ac-αSyn oligomers without chemical deglycation, suppresses glyc-ac-αSyn monomer–oligomer interactions, and releases free glyc-ac-αSyn monomers in solution. The interference of DJ-1 with ac-αSyn oligomers may promote free ac-αSyn monomer in solution and suppress the propagation of toxic oligomer and fibril species. These results expand the understanding of the role of DJ-1 in PD pathology by acting as a scavenger for aggregated αSyn.
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Kayed R, Dettmer U, Lesné SE. Soluble endogenous oligomeric α-synuclein species in neurodegenerative diseases: Expression, spreading, and cross-talk. J Parkinsons Dis 2021; 10:791-818. [PMID: 32508330 PMCID: PMC7458533 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-201965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition in the field of neurodegenerative diseases that mixed proteinopathies are occurring at greater frequency than originally thought. This is particularly true for three amyloid proteins defining most of these neurological disorders, amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, and alpha-synuclein (αSyn). The co-existence and often co-localization of aggregated forms of these proteins has led to the emergence of concepts positing molecular interactions and cross-seeding between Aβ, tau, and αSyn aggregates. Amongst this trio, αSyn has received particular attention in this context during recent years due to its ability to modulate Aβ and tau aggregation in vivo, to interact at a molecular level with Aβ and tau in vivo and to cross-seed tau in mice. Here we provide a comprehensive, critical, and accessible review about the expression, role and nature of endogenous soluble αSyn oligomers because of recent developments in the understanding of αSyn multimerization, misfolding, aggregation, cross-talk, spreading and cross-seeding in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. We will also discuss our current understanding about the relative toxicity of endogenous αSyn oligomers in vivo and in vitro, and introduce potential opportunities to counter their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakez Kayed
- Departments of Neurology & Neuroscience & Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA,George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain E. Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Sylvain E. Lesné, PhD, University of Minnesota, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building (Room 4-114), 2101 Sixth Street SE, CDC 2641, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Tel.: +1 612 626 8341; E-mail: ; Website: https://lesnelab.org
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16
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Cukierman DS, Lázaro DF, Sacco P, Ferreira PR, Diniz R, Fernández CO, Outeiro TF, Rey NA. X1INH, an improved next-generation affinity-optimized hydrazonic ligand, attenuates abnormal copper(I)/copper(II)-α-Syn interactions and affects protein aggregation in a cellular model of synucleinopathy. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:16252-16267. [PMID: 32391542 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although normal aging presents an accumulation of copper and iron in the brain, this becomes more relevant in neurodegeneration. α-Synuclein (α-Syn) misfolding has long been linked with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Copper binding promotes aggregation of α-Syn, as well as generalized oxidative stress. In this sense, the use of therapies that target metal dyshomeostasis has been in focus in the past years. Metal-Protein Attenuating Compounds (MPACs) are moderate chelators that aim at disrupting specific, abnormal metal-protein interactions. Our research group has now established that N-acylhydrazones compose a set of truly encouraging MPACs for the bioinorganic management of metal-enhanced aggregopathies. In the present work, a novel ligand, namely 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (X1INH), is reported. We describe solution studies on the interaction and affinity of this compound for copper(ii) ions showing that a fine tuning of metal-affinity was achieved. A series of in vitro biophysical NMR experiments were performed in order to assess the X1INH ability to compete with α-Syn monomers for the binding of both copper(i) and copper(ii) ions, which are central in PD pathology. A preference for copper(i) has been observed. X1INH is less toxic to human neuroglioma (H4) cells in comparison to structure-related compounds. Finally, we show that treatment with X1INH results in a higher number of smaller, less compact inclusions in a well-established model of α-Syn aggregation. Thus, X1INH constitutes a promising MPAC for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne S Cukierman
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 22451-045, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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17
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Teng JS, Ooi YY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Immunotherapies for Parkinson's disease: Progression of Clinical Development. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:802-813. [PMID: 34042040 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210526160926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting the movement and wellbeing of most elderlies. The manifestations of Parkinson's disease often include resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia and muscular rigidity. The typical hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies in different compartments of the central nervous system. Due to various limitations to the currently available treatments, immunotherapies have emerged to be the new approach to Parkinson's disease treatment. This approach shows some positive outcomes on the efficacy in removing the aggregated species of alpha-synuclein, which is believed to be one of the causes of Parkinson's disease. In this review, an overview of how alpha-synuclein contributes to Parkinson's disease and the effects of a few new immunotherapeutic treatments, including BIIB054 (cinpanemab), MEDI1341, AFFITOPE and PRX002 (prasinezumab) that are currently under clinical development, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Shee Teng
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang X, Song D, Tian T. Advances of Mechanisms-Related Metabolomics in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614251. [PMID: 33613180 PMCID: PMC7887307 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by progressively debilitating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the striatum, along with various metabolic dysfunctions and molecular abnormalities. Metabolomics is an emerging study and has been demonstrated to play important roles in describing complex human diseases by integrating endogenous and exogenous sources of alterations. Recently, an increasing amount of research has shown that metabolomics profiling holds great promise in providing unique insights into molecular pathogenesis and could be helpful in identifying candidate biomarkers for clinical detection and therapies of PD. In this review, we briefly summarize recent findings and analyze the application of molecular metabolomics in familial and sporadic PD from genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysbacteriosis. We also review metabolic biomarkers to assess the functional stage and improve therapeutic strategies to postpone or hinder the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Fares MB, Jagannath S, Lashuel HA. Reverse engineering Lewy bodies: how far have we come and how far can we go? Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:111-31. [PMID: 33432241 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-00416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LBs) are α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich intracellular inclusions that are an important pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that the aggregation of α-syn has a central role in LB formation and is one of the key processes that drive neurodegeneration and pathology progression in Parkinson disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the formation of LBs, their biochemical composition and ultrastructural properties, how they evolve and spread with disease progression, and their role in neurodegeneration. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge of α-syn pathology, including the biochemical, structural and morphological features of LBs observed in different brain regions. We also review the most used cellular and animal models of α-syn aggregation and pathology spreading in relation to the extent to which they reproduce key features of authentic LBs. Finally, we provide important insights into molecular and cellular determinants of LB formation and spreading, and highlight the critical need for more detailed and systematic characterization of α-syn pathology, at both the biochemical and structural levels. This would advance our understanding of Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative diseases and allow the development of more-reliable disease models and novel effective therapeutic strategies.
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Ramalingam N, Dettmer U. Temperature is a key determinant of alpha- and beta-synuclein membrane interactions in neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100271. [PMID: 33428933 PMCID: PMC7949061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) leads to the hallmark neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. αS has been described to exist in both cytosolic and membrane-associated forms, the relative abundance of which has remained unsettled. To study αS under the most relevant conditions by a quantitative method, we cultured and matured rodent primary cortical neurons for >17 days and determined αS cytosol:membrane distribution via centrifugation-free sequential extractions based on the weak ionic detergent digitonin. We noticed that at lower temperatures (4 °C or room temperature), αS was largely membrane-associated. At 37 °C, however, αS solubility was markedly increased. In contrast, the extraction of control proteins (GAPDH, cytosolic; calnexin, membrane) was not affected by temperature. When we compared the relative distribution of the synuclein homologs αS and β-synuclein (βS) under various conditions that differed in temperature and digitonin concentration (200-1200 μg/ml), we consistently found αS to be more membrane-associated than βS. Both proteins, however, exhibited temperature-dependent membrane binding. Under the most relevant conditions (37 °C and 800 μg/ml digitonin, i.e., the lowest digitonin concentration that extracted cytosolic GAPDH to near completion), cytosolic distribution was 49.8% ± 9.0% for αS and 63.6% ± 6.6% for βS. PD-linked αS A30P was found to be largely cytosolic, confirming previous studies that had used different methods. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of cellular synuclein behavior and has important implications for protein-biochemical and cell-biological studies of αS proteostasis, such as testing the effects of genetic and pharmacological manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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21
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Tweedy C, Kindred N, Curry J, Williams C, Taylor JP, Atkinson P, Randall F, Erskine D, Morris CM, Reeve AK, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN. Hippocampal network hyperexcitability in young transgenic mice expressing human mutant alpha-synuclein. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 149:105226. [PMID: 33347975 PMCID: PMC7859835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal excitability in cortical networks has been reported in patients and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative conditions. Whether hyperexcitability is a core feature of alpha(α)-synucleinopathies, including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is unclear. To assess this, we used two murine models of DLB that express either human mutant α-synuclein (α-syn) the hA30P, or human wild-type α-syn (hWT-α-syn) mice. We observed network hyperexcitability in vitro in young (2–5 months), pre-symptomatic transgenic α-syn mice. Interictal discharges (IIDs) were seen in the extracellular local field potential (LFP) in the hippocampus in hA30P and hWT-α-syn mice following kainate application, while only gamma frequency oscillations occurred in control mice. In addition, the concentration of the GABAA receptor antagonist (gabazine) needed to evoke IIDs was lower in slices from hA30P mice compared to control mice. hA30P mice also showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test compared to control mice. Intracellular recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells showed a more depolarised resting membrane potential in hA30P mice. Quadruple immunohistochemistry for human α-syn, and the mitochondrial markers, porin and the complex IV enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) in parvalbumin (PV+)-expressing interneurons showed that 25% of PV+ cells contained human α-syn in hA30P mice. While there was no change in PV expression, COX1 expression was significantly increased in PV+ cells in hA30P mice, perhaps reflecting a compensatory change to support PV+ interneuron activity. Our findings suggest that hippocampal network hyperexcitability may be an important early consequence of α-syn-mediated impairment of neuronal/synaptic function, which occurs without any overt loss of PV interneurons. The therapeutic benefit of targeting network excitability early in the disease stage should be explored with respect to α-synucleinopathies such as DLB. Young transgenic α-syn mice exhibit network hyperexcitability in the hippocampus in vitro. Young transgenic α-syn mice have increased locomotor activity in an open field test. Hippocampal pyramidal cells are more depolarised in young transgenic α-syn mice. Increased mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) function in PV+ interneurons in young transgenic a-syn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Tweedy
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nathan Kindred
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Joshua Curry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Williams
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Peter Atkinson
- Eisai Hatfield Research Laboratories, Eisai Ltd., European Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9SN, UK
| | - Fiona Randall
- Previously Eisai AiM Institute, Eisai Inc., 4 Corporate Drive, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopheer M Morris
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Caputo A, Liang Y, Raabe TD, Lo A, Horvath M, Zhang B, Brown HJ, Stieber A, Luk KC. Snca-GFP Knock-In Mice Reflect Patterns of Endogenous Expression and Pathological Seeding. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO. [PMID: 32788297 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0007-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (aSyn) participates in synaptic vesicle trafficking and synaptic transmission but its misfolding is also strongly implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative synucleinopathies in which misfolded aSyn accumulates in different regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Although increased aSyn expression levels or altered aggregation propensities likely underlie familial PD with SNCA amplification or mutations, the majority of synucleinopathies arise sporadically, indicating that disease can develop under normal levels of wild-type (wt) aSyn. We report here the development and characterization of a mouse line expressing an aSyn-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein under the control of native Snca regulatory elements. Regional and subcellular localization of the aSyn-GFP fusion protein in brains and peripheral tissues of knock-in (KI) mice are indistinguishable from that of wt littermates. Importantly, similar to wt aSyn, aSyn-GFP disperses from synaptic vesicles on membrane depolarization, indicating that the tag does not alter normal aSyn dynamics at synapses. In addition, intracerebral injection of aSyn pre-formed fibrils into KI mice induced the formation of aSyn-GFP inclusions with a distribution pattern similar to that observed in wt mice, albeit with attenuated kinetics because of the GFP-tag. We anticipate that this new mouse model will facilitate in vitro and in vivo studies requiring in situ detection of endogenous aSyn, thereby providing new insights into aSyn function in health and disease.
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Liang T, Qian ZM, Mu MD, Yung WH, Ke Y. Brain Hepcidin Suppresses Major Pathologies in Experimental Parkinsonism. iScience 2020; 23:101284. [PMID: 32623334 PMCID: PMC7334576 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research on Parkinson disease (PD) for decades, this common neurodegenerative disease remains incurable. We hypothesize that abnormal iron accumulation is a common thread underlying the emergence of the hallmarks of PD, namely mitochondrial dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation. We investigated the powerful action of the main iron regulator hepcidin in the brain. In both the rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine models of PD, overexpression of hepcidin by means of a virus-based strategy prevented dopamine neuronal loss and suppressed major pathologies of Parkinsonism as well as motor deficits. Hepcidin protected rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficits by reducing cellular and mitochondrial iron accumulation. In addition, hepcidin decreased α-synuclein accumulation and promoted clearance of α-synuclein through decreasing iron content that leads to activation of autophagy. Our results not only pinpoint a critical role of iron-overload in the pathogenesis of PD but also demonstrate that targeting brain iron levels through hepcidin is a promising therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Institute of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ming-Dao Mu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Shin WH, Chung KC. Death-associated Protein Kinase 1 Phosphorylates α-Synuclein at Ser129 and Exacerbates Rotenone-induced Toxic Aggregation of α-Synuclein in Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells. Exp Neurobiol 2020; 29:207-218. [PMID: 32624505 PMCID: PMC7344377 DOI: 10.5607/en20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), intracellular filamentous inclusions, is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein is the main component of LBs and its abnormal accumulation contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Direct phosphorylation of α-synuclein at multiple Ser/Tyr residues is known to induce its aggregation, consequently promoting LB formation. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), originally identified as a positive mediator of γ-interferon-induced programmed cell death, possesses tumor-suppressive activity and mediates a wide range of cellular processes, including apoptosis and autophagy. Accumulating evidence suggests that DAPK1 is also associated with neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration. For example, DAPK1 phosphorylates tau and amyloid precursor protein, and induces tau aggregation and amyloid β production, respectively, in Alzheimer's disease. DAPK1 is also accumulated to a larger extent in a mouse model of PD, causing synucleinopathy and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. In this study, we attempted to determine whether DAPK1 phosphorylates α-synuclein and affects cell viability in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We demonstrated that DAPK1 directly phosphorylates α-synuclein at Ser129, and induces the formation of insoluble α-synuclein aggregates. We also showed that DAPK1 enhances rotenone-induced aggregation of α-synuclein, potentiating neuronal cell death. Taken together, these findings suggest that DAPK1 acts as a novel regulator of toxic α-synuclein aggregation, possibly affecting and playing a role in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lashuel HA. Do Lewy bodies contain alpha-synuclein fibrils? and Does it matter? A brief history and critical analysis of recent reports. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104876. [PMID: 32339655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence from neuropathological studies, human genetics, in vitro aggregation studies and cellular and animal models support the hypothesis that aSyn plays a central role in the formation of Lewy pathologies. These are cytoplasmic proteinaceous and lipid-rich inclusions that represent key pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as synucleinopathies. For decades, light microscopy and electron microscopy studies of these inclusions have consistently shown that they are rich in filamentous structures that exhibit distinct distribution and organizational patterns depending on where they occur in the brain (e.g., classical brain-stem Lewy bodies (LBs) and cortical LBs) and the type of synucleinopathies. Although the identity of the protein that form these filaments was a subject of debate for decades, the discovery of PD-linked aSyn mutations, the demonstration that LBs are enriched in insoluble forms of aSyn, and the ability of aSyn to form fibrils of similar dimensions have led to convergence on the hypothesis that aSyn fibrils are key components of LBs. In a recent study, Shahmoradian et al used a combination of advanced electron microscopy and immunofluorescence based imaging techniques to investigate the structure, composition, and architecture of LBs from postmortem brain tissues of individuals with PD or other synucleinopathies (Shahmoradian et al., 2019). The paper's main conclusions suggest that "lipid membrane fragments and distorted organelles together with a non-fibrillar form of αSyn are the main structural building blocks for the formation of Lewy pathology". Their proposal that LBs are devoid of aSyn fibrils or that LB formation occurs independently of aSyn fibril formation casts doubts on a substantial body of work that forms the foundation of many of the current basic and translational research programs in academia and industry. In this article, I present a critical analysis of their data and claims in the context of the existing literature In addition, I examine the extent to which their findings and proposed models of the mechanisms of LB formation are consistent with existing data and are supported by other experimental evidence. The results from this analysis caution against overinterpretation of observations from a single report, especially given the limitations of the techniques and experimental approaches used by Shahmoradian et al and for more collaborative and systematic efforts to revisit and characterize LBs and other aSyn pathologies in the brain pathologies at the biochemical, morphological and structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Lipids play a more significant role in Parkinson’s disease and its related brain disorders than is currently recognized, supporting a “lipid cascade”. The 14 kDa protein α-synuclein (αS) is strongly associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), other synucleinopathies such as multiple system atrophy, and even certain forms of Alzheimer’s disease. Rigorously deciphering the biochemistry of αS in native systems is the key to developing treatments. αS is highly expressed in the brain, the second most lipid-rich organ, and has been proposed to be a lipid-binding protein that physiologically interacts with phospholipids and fatty acids (FAs). αS-rich cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are the hallmark lesions of synucleinopathies. Excess αS–membrane interactions may trigger proteinaceous αS aggregation by stimulating its primary nucleation. However, αS may also exert its toxicity prior to or independent of its self-aggregation, e.g., via excessive membrane interactions, which may be promoted by certain lipids and FAs. A complex αS-lipid landscape exists, which comprises both physiological and pathological states of αS. As novel insights about the composition of Lewy lesions occur, new lipid-related PD drug candidates emerge, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) increasingly validate new hits in lipid-associated pathways, it seems timely to review our current knowledge of lipids in PD and consider the roles for these pathways in synucleinopathies.αS ↔ lipid interplay: aspects of cellular αS homeostasis (blue oval), aspects of lipid homeostasis (green oval), and overlapping aspects. Pathological states are labeled in red. Simplified schematic of both select αS and select lipid species. Several existing publications suggest αS effects on lipids and vice versa, as indicated by arrows. DG diglyceride, ER endoplasmic reticulum, FA fatty acid, LD, lipid droplet, TG triglyceride. ![]()
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Kilpeläinen T, Julku UH, Svarcbahs R, Myöhänen TT. Behavioural and dopaminergic changes in double mutated human A30P*A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson´s disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17382. [PMID: 31758049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is the main component of Lewy bodies, the histopathological marker in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and point mutations and multiplications of the aSyn coding SNCA gene correlate with early onset PD. Therefore, various transgenic mouse models overexpressing native or point-mutated aSyn have been developed. Although these models show highly increased aSyn expression they rarely capture dopaminergic cell loss and show a behavioural phenotype only at old age, whereas SNCA mutations are risk factors for PD with earlier onset. The aim of our study was to re-characterize a transgenic mouse strain carrying both A30P and A53T mutated human aSyn. Our study revealed decreased locomotor activity for homozygous transgenic mice starting from 3 months of age which was different from previous studies with this mouse strain that had behavioural deficits starting only after 7–9 months. Additionally, we found a decreased amphetamine response in locomotor activity and decreased extracellular dopaminergic markers in the striatum and substantia nigra with significantly elevated levels of aSyn oligomers. In conclusion, homozygous transgenic A30P*A53T aSyn mice capture several phenotypes of PD with early onset and could be a useful tool for aSyn studies.
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Keane PC, Hanson PS, Patterson L, Blain PG, Hepplewhite P, Khundakar AA, Judge SJ, Kahle PJ, LeBeau FEN, Morris CM. Trichloroethylene and its metabolite TaClo lead to degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones: Effects in wild type and human A30P mutant α-synuclein mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134437. [PMID: 31422098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised pathologically by degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of α-synuclein containing Lewy body inclusions. Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been suggested as a potential environmental chemical that may contribute to the development of PD, via conversion to the neurotoxin, 1-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (TaClo). We investigated the effect of an 8 week exposure to TCE or TaClo on wild type and, as an experimental model of PD, A30P mutant α-synuclein overexpressing mice using a combination of behaviour and pathology. TCE or TaClo exposure caused significant DA neuronal loss within the SNpc in both wild type and transgenic mice. Cell numbers were lower in A30P animals than wild type, however, no additive effect of TCE or TaClo exposure and A30P overexpression was found. TCE or TaClo did not appear to lead to acceleration of motor or cognitive deficits in either wild type or A30P mutant mice, potentially because of the modest reductions of DA neuronal number in the SNpc. Our results do however suggest that TCE exposure could be a possible factor in development of PD like changes following exposure.
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Yeboah F, Kim TE, Bill A, Dettmer U. Dynamic behaviors of α-synuclein and tau in the cellular context: New mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104543. [PMID: 31351173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) and tau have a lot in common. Dyshomeostasis and aggregation of both proteins are central in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multi-system atrophy and other 'synucleinopathies' in the case of αS; Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy and other 'tauopathies' in the case of tau. The aggregated states of αS and tau are found to be (hyper)phosphorylated, but the relevance of the phosphorylation in health or disease is not well understood. Both tau and αS are typically characterized as 'intrinsically disordered' proteins, while both engage in transient interactions with cellular components, thereby undergoing structural changes and context-specific folding. αS transiently binds to (synaptic) vesicles forming a membrane-induced amphipathic helix; tau transiently interacts with microtubules forming an 'extended structure'. The regulation and exact nature of the interactions are not fully understood. Here we review recent and previous insights into the dynamic, transient nature of αS and tau with regard to the mode of interaction with their targets, the dwell-time while bound, and the cis and trans factors underlying the frequent switching between bound and unbound states. These aspects are intimately linked to hypotheses on how subtle changes in the transient behaviors may trigger the earliest steps in the pathogenesis of the respective brain diseases. Based on a deeper understanding of transient αS and tau conformations in the cellular context, new therapeutic strategies may emerge, and it may become clearer why existing approaches have failed or how they could be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Yeboah
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anke Bill
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Gerez JA, Prymaczok NC, Rockenstein E, Herrmann US, Schwarz P, Adame A, Enchev RI, Courtheoux T, Boersema PJ, Riek R, Peter M, Aguzzi A, Masliah E, Picotti P. A cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase targets exogenous α-synuclein and inhibits Lewy body-like pathology. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau6722. [PMID: 31167929 PMCID: PMC10697662 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of neuronal α-synuclein (αSyn) inclusions called Lewy bodies. It is believed that Lewy bodies spread throughout the nervous system due to the cell-to-cell propagation of αSyn via cycles of secretion and uptake. Here, we investigated the internalization and intracellular accumulation of exogenous αSyn, two key steps of Lewy body pathogenesis, amplification and spreading. We found that stable αSyn fibrils substantially accumulate in different cell lines upon internalization, whereas αSyn monomers, oligomers, and dissociable fibrils do not. Our data indicate that the uptake-mediated accumulation of αSyn in a human-derived neuroblastoma cell line triggered an adaptive response that involved proteins linked to ubiquitin ligases of the S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), cullin-1 (Cul1), and F-box domain-containing protein (SCF) family. We found that SKP1, Cul1, and the F-box/LRR repeat protein 5 (FBXL5) colocalized and physically interacted with internalized αSyn in cultured cells. Moreover, the SCF containing the F-box protein FBXL5 (SCFFBXL5) catalyzed αSyn ubiquitination in reconstitution experiments in vitro using recombinant proteins and in cultured cells. In the human brain, SKP1 and Cul1 were recruited into Lewy bodies from brainstem and neocortex of patients with PD and related neurological disorders. In both transgenic and nontransgenic mice, intracerebral administration of exogenous αSyn fibrils triggered a Lewy body-like pathology, which was amplified by SKP1 or FBXL5 loss of function. Our data thus indicate that SCFFXBL5 regulates αSyn in vivo and that SCF ligases may constitute targets for the treatment of PD and other α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Gerez
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia C Prymaczok
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Uli S Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Radoslav I Enchev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Courtheoux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Boersema
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Candelise N, Schmitz M, Llorens F, Villar-Piqué A, Cramm M, Thom T, da Silva Correia SM, da Cunha JEG, Möbius W, Outeiro TF, Álvarez VG, Banchelli M, D'Andrea C, de Angelis M, Zafar S, Rabano A, Matteini P, Zerr I. Seeding variability of different alpha synuclein strains in synucleinopathies. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:691-703. [PMID: 30805957 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, the exact reasons why different α-synucleinopathies exhibit variable pathologies and phenotypes are still unknown. A potential explanation may be the existence of distinctive α-synuclein conformers or strains. Here, we intend to analyze the seeding activity of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) brain-derived α-synuclein seeds by real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and to investigate the structure and morphology of the α-synuclein aggregates generated by RT-QuIC. METHODS A misfolded α-synuclein-enriched brain fraction from frontal cortex and substantia nigra pars compacta tissue, isolated by several filtration and centrifugation steps, was subjected to α-synuclein/RT-QuIC analysis. Our study included neuropathologically well-characterized cases with DLB, PD, and controls (Ctrl). Biochemical and morphological analyses of RT-QuIC products were conducted by western blot, dot blot analysis, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Independently from the brain region, we observed different seeding kinetics of α-synuclein in the RT-QuIC in patients with DLB compared to PD and Ctrl. Biochemical characterization of the RT-QuIC product indicated the generation of a proteinase K-resistant and fibrillary α-synuclein species in DLB-seeded reactions, whereas PD and control seeds failed in the conversion of wild-type α-synuclein substrate. INTERPRETATION Structural variances of α-synuclein seeding kinetics and products in DLB and PD indicated, for the first time, the existence of different α-synuclein strains in these groups. Therefore, our study contributes to a better understanding of the clinical heterogeneity among α-synucleinopathies, offers an opportunity for a specific diagnosis, and opens new avenues for the future development of strain-specific therapies. Ann Neurol 2019;85:691-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Candelise
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- CIBERNED (Network Center for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Health, Barcelona, Spain and IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), L'Hospitale de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Villar-Piqué
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Thom
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susana Margarida da Silva Correia
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Medicine Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Medicine Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina González Álvarez
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Banco de Tejidos (BT-CIEN), Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofíac, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cristiano D'Andrea
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marella de Angelis
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alberto Rabano
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Banco de Tejidos (BT-CIEN), Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofíac, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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Mehra S, Sahay S, Maji SK. α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation: Implications in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2019; 1867:890-908. [PMID: 30853581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) has been extensively studied for its structural and biophysical properties owing to its pathophysiological role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are the pathological hallmarks of PD and contain α-Syn aggregates as their major component. It was therefore hypothesized that α-Syn aggregation is actively associated with PD pathogenesis. The central role of α-Syn aggregation in PD is further supported by the identification of point mutations in α-Syn protein associated with rare familial forms of PD. However, the correlation between aggregation propensities of α-Syn mutants and their association with PD phenotype is not straightforward. Recent evidence suggested that oligomers, formed during the initial stages of aggregation, are the potent neurotoxic species causing cell death in PD. However, the heterogeneous and unstable nature of these oligomers limit their detailed characterization. α-Syn fibrils, on the contrary, are shown to be the infectious agents and propagate in a prion-like manner. Although α-Syn is an intrinsically disordered protein, it exhibits remarkable conformational plasticity by adopting a range of structural conformations under different environmental conditions. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional aspects of α-Syn and role of potential factors that may contribute to the underlying mechanism of synucleinopathies. This information will help to identify novel targets and develop specific therapeutic strategies to combat Parkinson's and other protein aggregation related neurodegenerative diseases.
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33
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Breger LS, Fuzzati Armentero MT. Genetically engineered animal models of Parkinson's disease: From worm to rodent. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:533-560. [PMID: 30552719 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by aberrant accumulation of insoluble proteins, including alpha-synuclein, and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The extended neurodegeneration leads to a drop of striatal dopamine levels responsible for disabling motor and non-motor impairments. Although the causes of the disease remain unclear, it is well accepted among the scientific community that the disorder may also have a genetic component. For that reason, the number of genetically engineered animal models has greatly increased over the past two decades, ranging from invertebrates to more complex organisms such as mice and rats. This trend is growing as new genetic variants associated with the disease are discovered. The EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) has promoted the creation of an online database aiming at summarising the different features of experimental models of Parkinson's disease. This review discusses available genetic models of PD and the extent to which they adequately mirror the human pathology and reflects on future development and uses of genetically engineered experimental models for the study of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine S Breger
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS UMR 5293, Centre Broca Nouvelle Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, France
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Kakinen A, Sun Y, Javed I, Faridi A, Pilkington EH, Faridi P, Purcell AW, Zhou R, Ding F, Lin S, Chun Ke P, Davis TP. Physical and Toxicological Profiles of Human IAPP Amyloids and Plaques. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 64:26-35. [PMID: 30662791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although much has been learned about the fibrillization kinetics, structure and toxicity of amyloid proteins, the properties of amyloid fibrils beyond the saturation phase are often perceived as chemically and biologically inert, despite evidence suggesting otherwise. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the physical and biological characteristics of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibrils that were aged up to two months. Not only did aging decrease the toxicity of IAPP fibrils, but the fibrils also sequestered fresh IAPP and suppressed their toxicity in an embryonic zebrafish model. The mechanical properties of IAPP fibrils in different aging stages were probed by atomic force microscopy and sonication, which displayed comparable stiffness but age-dependent fragmentation, followed by self-assembly of such fragments into the largest lamellar amyloid structures reported to date. The dynamic structural and toxicity profiles of amyloid fibrils and plaques suggest that they play active, long-term roles in cell degeneration and may be a therapeutic target for amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Kakinen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yunxiang Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ava Faridi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program & Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sijie Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn), eventually resulting in the formation of Lewy bodies and neurites in surviving neurons in the brain. Although α-Syn aggregation has been extensively studied in vitro, there is limited in vivo knowledge on α-Syn aggregation. Here, we used the powerful genetics of Drosophila melanogaster and developed an in vivo assay to monitor α-Syn accumulation by using a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. We found that both genetic and pharmacologic manipulations affected α-Syn accumulation. Interestingly, we also found that alterations in the cellular protein degradation mechanisms strongly influenced α-Syn accumulation. Administration of compounds identified as risk factors for Parkinson's disease, such as rotenone or heavy metal ions, had only mild or even no impact on α-Syn accumulation in vivo. Finally, we show that increasing phosphorylation of α-Syn at serine 129 enhances the accumulation and toxicity of α-Syn. Altogether, our study establishes a novel model to study α-Syn accumulation and illustrates the complexity of manipulating proteostasis in vivo.-Prasad, V., Wasser, Y., Hans, F., Goswami, A., Katona, I., Outeiro, T. F., Kahle, P. J., Schulz, J. B., Voigt, A. Monitoring α-synuclein multimerization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yasmine Wasser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Friederike Hans
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anand Goswami
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center of Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Gustafsson S, Lindström V, Ingelsson M, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Syvänen S. Intact blood-brain barrier transport of small molecular drugs in animal models of amyloid beta and alpha-synuclein pathology. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:482-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bengoa-Vergniory N, Roberts RF, Wade-Martins R, Alegre-Abarrategui J. Alpha-synuclein oligomers: a new hope. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:819-838. [PMID: 28803412 PMCID: PMC5663814 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is a protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease and thought to be one of the main pathological drivers in the disease, although it remains unclear how this protein elicits its neurotoxic effects. Recent findings indicate that the assembly of toxic oligomeric species of alpha-synuclein may be one of the key processes for the pathology and spread of the disease. The absence of a sensitive in situ detection method has hindered the study of these oligomeric species and the role they play in the human brain until recently. In this review, we assess the evidence for the toxicity and prion-like activity of oligomeric forms of alpha-synuclein and discuss the advances in our understanding of the role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease that may be brought about by the specific and sensitive detection of distinct oligomeric species in post-mortem patient brain. Finally, we discuss current approaches being taken to therapeutically target alpha-synuclein oligomers and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bengoa-Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Rosalind F Roberts
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Javier Alegre-Abarrategui
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Regensburger M, Schreglmann SR, Stoll S, Rockenstein E, Loskarn S, Xiang W, Masliah E, Winner B. Oligomer-prone E57K-mutant alpha-synuclein exacerbates integration deficit of adult hippocampal newborn neurons in transgenic mice. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1357-1368. [PMID: 29124353 PMCID: PMC5869938 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons are constantly added to the dentate gyrus. Adult neurogenesis is impaired in several neurodegenerative mouse models including α-synuclein (a-syn) transgenic mice. Among different a-syn species, a-syn oligomers were reported to be the most toxic species for neurons. Here, we studied the impact of wild-type vs. oligomer-prone a-syn on neurogenesis. We compared the wild-type a-syn transgenic mouse model (Thy1-WTS) to its equivalent transgenic for oligomer-prone E57K-mutant a-syn (Thy1-E57K). Transgenic a-syn was highly expressed within the hippocampus of both models, but was not present within adult neural stem cells and neuroblasts. Proliferation and survival of newly generated neurons were unchanged in both transgenic models. Thy1-WTS showed a minor integration deficit regarding mushroom spine density of newborn neurons, whereas Thy1-E57K exhibited a severe reduction of all spines. We conclude that cell-extrinsic a-syn impairs mushroom spine formation of adult newborn neurons and that oligomer-prone a-syn exacerbates this integration deficit. Moreover, our data suggest that a-syn reduces the survival of newborn neurons by a cell-intrinsic mechanism during the early neuroblast development. The finding of increased spine pathology in Thy1-E57K is a new pathogenic function of oligomeric a-syn and precedes overt neurodegeneration. Thus, it may constitute a readout for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- IZKF Junior Research Group III, and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R Schreglmann
- School of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Svenja Stoll
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- IZKF Junior Research Group III, and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Loskarn
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- IZKF Junior Research Group III, and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- IZKF Junior Research Group III, and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, FAU, Erlangen, Germany.
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Rotermund C, Reolon GK, Leixner S, Boden C, Bilbao A, Kahle PJ. Enhanced motivation to alcohol in transgenic mice expressing human α-synuclein. J Neurochem 2017; 143:294-305. [PMID: 28833174 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSYN) is the neuropathological hallmark protein of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, the gene encoding αSYN (SNCA) is a major genetic contributor to PD. Interestingly, independent genome-wide association studies also identified SNCA as the most important candidate gene for alcoholism. Furthermore, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms have been associated with alcohol-craving behavior and alcohol-craving patients showed augmented αSYN expression in blood. To investigate the effect of αSYN on the addictive properties of chronic alcohol use, we examined consumption, motivation, and seeking responses induced by environmental stimuli and relapse behavior in transgenic mice expressing the human mutant [A30P]αSYN throughout the brain. The primary reinforcing effects of alcohol under operant self-administration conditions were increased, while consumption and the alcohol deprivation effect were not altered in the transgenic mice. The same mice were subjected to immunohistochemical measurements of immediate-early gene inductions in brain regions involved in addiction-related behaviors. Acute ethanol injection enhanced immunostaining for the phosphorylated form of cAMP response element binding protein in both amygdala and nucleus accumbens of αSYN transgenic mice, while in wild-type mice no effect was visible. However, at the same time, levels of cFos remain unchanged in both genotypes. These results provide experimental confirmation of SNCA as a candidate gene for alcoholism in addition to its known link to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Rotermund
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo K Reolon
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Leixner
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Boden
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Bilbao
- Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp J Kahle
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Larson ME, Greimel SJ, Amar F, LaCroix M, Boyle G, Sherman MA, Schley H, Miel C, Schneider JA, Kayed R, Benfenati F, Lee MK, Bennett DA, Lesné SE. Selective lowering of synapsins induced by oligomeric α-synuclein exacerbates memory deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4648-57. [PMID: 28533388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704698114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid proteins linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, or α-synuclein (αSyn) might be the major deleterious species for neuronal function in these diseases. Here, we found an abnormal accumulation of oligomeric αSyn species in AD brains by custom ELISA, size-exclusion chromatography, and nondenaturing/denaturing immunoblotting techniques. Importantly, the abundance of αSyn oligomers in human brain tissue correlated with cognitive impairment and reductions in synapsin expression. By overexpressing WT human αSyn in an AD mouse model, we artificially enhanced αSyn oligomerization. These bigenic mice displayed exacerbated Aβ-induced cognitive deficits and a selective decrease in synapsins. Following isolation of various soluble αSyn assemblies from transgenic mice, we found that in vitro delivery of exogenous oligomeric αSyn but not monomeric αSyn was causing a lowering in synapsin-I/II protein abundance. For a particular αSyn oligomer, these changes were either dependent or independent on endogenous αSyn expression. Finally, at a molecular level, the expression of synapsin genes SYN1 and SYN2 was down-regulated in vivo and in vitro by αSyn oligomers, which decreased two transcription factors, cAMP response element binding and Nurr1, controlling synapsin gene promoter activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that endogenous αSyn oligomers can impair memory by selectively lowering synapsin expression.
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Savolainen MH, Albert K, Airavaara M, Myöhänen TT. Nigral injection of a proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, induces widespread glial cell activation and shows various phenotypes of Parkinson's disease in young and adult mouse. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2189-202. [PMID: 28439627 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous inclusions, called Lewy bodies, are used as a pathological hallmark for Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies contain insoluble α-synuclein (aSyn) and many other ubiquitinated proteins, suggesting a role for protein degradation system failure in the PD pathogenesis. Indeed, proteasomal dysfunction has been linked to PD but commonly used in vivo toxin models, such as 6-OHDA or MPTP, do not have a significant effect on the proteasomal system or protein aggregation. Therefore, we wanted to study the characteristics of a proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, as a PD model on young and adult mice. To study this, we performed stereotactic microinjection of lactacystin above the substantia nigra pars compacta in young (2 month old) and adult (12-14 month old) C57Bl/6 mice. Motor behavior was measured by locomotor activity and cylinder tests, and the markers of neuroinflammation, aSyn, and dopaminergic system were assessed by immunohistochemistry and HPLC. We found that lactacystin induced a Parkinson's disease-like motor phenotype 5-7 days after injection in young and adult mice, and this was associated with widespread neuroinflammation based on glial cell markers, aSyn accumulation in substantia nigra, striatal dopamine decrease, and loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and terminals in the striatum. When comparing young and adult mice, adult mice were more sensitive for dopaminergic degeneration after lactacystin injection that further supports the use of adult mice instead of young when modeling neurodegeneration. Our data showed that lactacystin is useful in modeling various aspects of Parkinson's disease, and taken together, our findings emphasize the role of a protein degradation deficit in Parkinson's disease pathology, and support the use of proteasomal inhibitors as Parkinson's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke van Diggelen
- Crossbeta Biosciences; Padualaan 8 3584CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000C Aarhus Denmark
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Sanjeev A, Sahu RK, Mattaparthi VSK. Potential of mean force and molecular dynamics study on the transient interactions between α and β synuclein that drive inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3342-3353. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1254119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airy Sanjeev
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India
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Dahl R. A new target for Parkinson's disease: Small molecule SERCA activator CDN1163 ameliorates dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:53-57. [PMID: 27776889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is intimately linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. Disrupted intracellular calcium homeostasis is a major cause of the ER stress seen in dopaminergic neurons, leading to the cell death and subsequent loss of movement and coordination in patients. Dysfunctional calcium handling proteins play a major role in the promulgation of ER stress in PD. Specifically, compromised sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) has been identified as a major cause of ER stress and neuron loss in PD. We have identified a small molecule activator of SERCA that increases ER calcium content, rescues neurons from ER stress-induced cell death in vitro, and shows significant efficacy in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD. Together, these results support targeting SERCA activation as a viable strategy to develop disease-modifying therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Dahl
- Neurodon LLC, 5700 Tanager St., Schererville, IN 46375, USA.
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46
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Wrasidlo W, Tsigelny IF, Price DL, Dutta G, Rockenstein E, Schwarz TC, Ledolter K, Bonhaus D, Paulino A, Eleuteri S, Skjevik ÅA, Kouznetsova VL, Spencer B, Desplats P, Gonzalez-Ruelas T, Trejo-Morales M, Overk CR, Winter S, Zhu C, Chesselet MF, Meier D, Moessler H, Konrat R, Masliah E. A de novo compound targeting α-synuclein improves deficits in models of Parkinson's disease. Brain 2016; 139:3217-3236. [PMID: 27679481 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation and propagation of the neuronal protein α-synuclein has been hypothesized to underlie the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Here we report a de novo-developed compound (NPT100-18A) that reduces α-synuclein toxicity through a novel mechanism that involves displacing α-synuclein from the membrane. This compound interacts with a domain in the C-terminus of α-synuclein. The E83R mutation reduces the compound interaction with the 80-90 amino acid region of α-synuclein and prevents the effects of NPT100-18A. In vitro studies showed that NPT100-18A reduced the formation of wild-type α-synuclein oligomers in membranes, reduced the neuronal accumulation of α-synuclein, and decreased markers of cell toxicity. In vivo studies were conducted in three different α-synuclein transgenic rodent models. Treatment with NPT100-18A ameliorated motor deficits in mThy1 wild-type α-synuclein transgenic mice in a dose-dependent manner at two independent institutions. Neuropathological examination showed that NPT100-18A decreased the accumulation of proteinase K-resistant α-synuclein aggregates in the CNS and was accompanied by the normalization of neuronal and inflammatory markers. These results were confirmed in a mutant line of α-synuclein transgenic mice that is prone to generate oligomers. In vivo imaging studies of α-synuclein-GFP transgenic mice using two-photon microscopy showed that NPT100-18A reduced the cortical synaptic accumulation of α-synuclein within 1 h post-administration. Taken together, these studies support the notion that altering the interaction of α-synuclein with the membrane might be a feasible therapeutic approach for developing new disease-modifying treatments of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wrasidlo
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,2 San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diana L Price
- 3 Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Garima Dutta
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1769, USA
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy Paulino
- 3 Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Simona Eleuteri
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Åge A Skjevik
- 2 San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,6 Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Brian Spencer
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tania Gonzalez-Ruelas
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Cassia R Overk
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Chunni Zhu
- 4 Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1769, USA
| | | | - Dieter Meier
- 3 Neuropore Therapies, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA .,9 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Scheffold A, Holtman IR, Dieni S, Brouwer N, Katz SF, Jebaraj BMC, Kahle PJ, Hengerer B, Lechel A, Stilgenbauer S, Boddeke EWGM, Eggen BJL, Rudolph KL, Biber K. Telomere shortening leads to an acceleration of synucleinopathy and impaired microglia response in a genetic mouse model. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:87. [PMID: 27550225 PMCID: PMC4994259 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly and ageing hence described to be a major risk factor. Telomere shortening as a result of the inability to fully replicate the ends of linear chromosomes is one of the hallmarks of ageing. The role of telomere dysfunction in neurological diseases and the ageing brain is not clarified and there is an ongoing discussion whether telomere shortening is linked to Parkinson’s disease. Here we studied a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (Thy-1 [A30P] α-synuclein transgenic mouse model) in the background of telomere shortening (Terc knockout mouse model). α-synuclein transgenic mice with short telomeres (αSYNtg/tg G3Terc-/-) developed an accelerated disease with significantly decreased survival. This accelerated phenotype of mice with short telomeres was characterized by a declined motor performance and an increased formation of α-synuclein aggregates. Immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA expression studies revealed that the disease end-stage brain stem microglia showed an impaired response in αSYNtg/tg G3Terc-/- microglia animals. These results provide the first experimental data that telomere shortening accelerates α-synuclein pathology that is linked to limited microglia function in the brainstem.
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48
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Fellner L, Kuzdas-Wood D, Levin J, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Griesinger C, Giese A, Wenning GK, Stefanova N. Anle138b Partly Ameliorates Motor Deficits Despite Failure of Neuroprotection in a Model of Advanced Multiple System Atrophy. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:99. [PMID: 27013960 PMCID: PMC4785146 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative disorder multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia and parkinsonism in any combination associated with predominantly oligodendroglial α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates (glial cytoplasmic inclusions = GCIs). To date, there is no effective disease modifying therapy. Previous experiments have shown that the aggregation inhibitor anle138b reduces neurodegeneration, as well as behavioral deficits in both transgenic and toxin mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we analyzed whether anle138b improves motor skills and reduces neuronal loss, as well as oligodendroglial α-syn aggregation in the PLP-α-syn transgenic mouse challenged with the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) to model full-blown MSA. Following 1 month of treatment with anle138b, MSA mice showed signs of motor improvement affecting stride length, but not pole, grip strength, and beam test performance. Loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons and Purkinje cells was not attenuated and GCI density remained unchanged. These data suggest that the pathology in transgenic PLP-α-syn mice receiving 3-NP might be too advanced to detect significant effects of anle138b treatment on neuronal loss and intracytoplasmic α-syn inclusion bodies. However, the partial motor amelioration may indicate potential efficacy of anle138b treatment that may be mediated by its actions on α-syn oligomers or may reflect improvement of neuronal dysfunction in neural at risk populations. Further studies are required to address the efficacy of anle138b in transgenic α-syn models of early-stage MSA and in the absence of additional toxin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fellner
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Kuzdas-Wood
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany; DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the BrainGöttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany; DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the BrainGöttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- NMR based structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingen, Germany; DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the BrainGöttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
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49
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Van der Perren A, Casteels C, Van Laere K, Gijsbers R, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V. Development of an Alpha-synuclein Based Rat Model for Parkinson's Disease via Stereotactic Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector. J Vis Exp 2016:53670. [PMID: 26967677 PMCID: PMC4828209 DOI: 10.3791/53670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the molecular pathways of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to develop novel therapeutic strategies, scientific investigators rely on animal models. The identification of PD-associated genes has led to the development of genetic PD models. Most transgenic α-SYN mouse models develop gradual α-SYN pathology but fail to display clear dopaminergic cell loss and dopamine-dependent behavioral deficits. This hurdle was overcome by direct targeting of the substantia nigra with viral vectors overexpressing PD-associated genes. Local gene delivery using viral vectors provides an attractive way to express transgenes in the central nervous system. Specific brain regions can be targeted (e.g. the substantia nigra), expression can be induced in the adult setting and high expression levels can be achieved. Further, different vector systems based on various viruses can be used. The protocol outlines all crucial steps to perform a viral vector injection in the substantia nigra of the rat to develop a viral vector-based alpha-synuclein animal model for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Van der Perren
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven
| | - Cindy Casteels
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven University Hospital - KU Leuven
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Leuven University Hospital - KU Leuven
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven; Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven;
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50
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Kuzdas-Wood D, Fellner L, Premstaller M, Borm C, Bloem B, Kirik D, Wenning GK, Stefanova N. Overexpression of α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes does not increase susceptibility to focal striatal excitotoxicity. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:86. [PMID: 26627686 PMCID: PMC4667489 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by α-synuclein (α-syn) positive oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions. The latter are associated with a neuronal multisystem neurodegeneration targeting central autonomic, olivopontocerebellar and striatonigral pathways, however the underlying mechanisms of neuronal cell death are poorly understood. Previous experiments have shown that oligodendroglial α-syn pathology increases the susceptibility to mitochondrial stress and proteasomal dysfunction leading to enhanced MSA-like neurodegeneration. Here we analyzed whether oligodendroglial α-syn overexpression in a transgenic mouse model of MSA synergistically interacts with focal neuronal excitotoxic damage generated by a striatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) to affect the degree of striatal neuronal loss. Results QA injury led to comparable striatal neuronal loss and optical density of astro- and microgliosis in the striatum of transgenic and control mice. Respectively, no differences were identified in drug-induced rotation behavior or open field behavior between the groups. Conclusions The failure of oligodendroglial α-syn pathology to exacerbate striatal neuronal loss resulting from QA excitotoxicity contrasts with enhanced striatal neurodegeneration due to oxidative or proteolytic stress, suggesting that enhanced vulnerability to excitotoxicity does not occur in oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy like MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kuzdas-Wood
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/G2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lisa Fellner
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/G2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Melanie Premstaller
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/G2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Carlijn Borm
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Center Nijmegen (ParC), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Center Nijmegen (ParC), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D11, Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (BRAINS), Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/G2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/G2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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