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Coe RA, Lin HC. Light Response Curves in Land Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:27-39. [PMID: 38649564 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Light is the driving force for photosynthesis. Two techniques are commonly employed to help characterize the relationship between the light environment and photosynthesis in plants.Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis is used to examine both the capacity for and the efficiency of the conversion of absorbed light into energy for photosynthesis. Additionally, gas exchange analysis is used to assess the utilization of that energy for carbon fixation. These techniques are used either in isolation or in combination to acquire light response curves that measure the response of the plant to sequential changes in irradiance. Light response curves can help users understand photosynthetic mechanisms, evaluate how plants respond to light conditions, or assess the extent of physiological plasticity within plants. In this chapter, we provide a generalized method for acquiring light response curves suitable for both chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange techniques using commercially available apparatus. Depending on the equipment available, these methods can be applied individually or combined to acquire data simultaneously. The methods are broadly applicable to most land plants but are ideally suited to help those that are unfamiliar with these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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2
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Hoh D, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM. Redox regulation in chloroplast thylakoid lumen: The pmf changes everything, again. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 38111217 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth. However, if not well regulated, it can also generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause photodamage. Regulation of photosynthesis is highly dynamic, responding to both environmental and metabolic cues, and occurs at many levels, from light capture to energy storage and metabolic processes. One general mechanism of regulation involves the reversible oxidation and reduction of protein thiol groups, which can affect the activity of enzymes and the stability of proteins. Such redox regulation has been well studied in stromal enzymes, but more recently, evidence has emerged of redox control of thylakoid lumenal enzymes. This review/hypothesis paper summarizes the latest research and discusses several open questions and challenges to achieving effective redox control in the lumen, focusing on the distinct environments and regulatory components of the thylakoid lumen, including the need to transport electrons across the thylakoid membrane, the effects of pH changes by the proton motive force (pmf) in the stromal and lumenal compartments, and the observed differences in redox states. These constraints suggest that activated oxygen species are likely to be major regulatory contributors to lumenal thiol redox regulation, with key components and processes yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Hoh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Chen CI, Lin KH, Lin TC, Huang MY, Chen YC, Huang CC, Wang CW. Responses of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence during light induction in different seedling ages of Mahonia oiwakensis. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:5. [PMID: 36890306 PMCID: PMC9995626 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the actual state of the photosynthetic apparatus and exhibit distinguishable differences in the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) components in different seedling ages of M. oiwakensis plants subjected to different light intensity (LI). Potted 6-month-old greenhouse seedlings and field collected 2.4-year-old seedlings with 5 cm heights were selected and randomly separated into seven groups for photosynthesis measurements illuminated with 50, 100 (assigned as low LI), 300, 500, 1,000 (as moderate LI), 1,500 and 2,000 (as high LI) μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) treatments. RESULTS n 6-month-old seedlings, as LI increased from 50 to 2,000 PPFD, the values of non-photochemical quenching and photo-inhibitory quenching (qI) increased but potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII) values decreased. High electron transport rate and percentage of actual PSII efficiency by Fv/Fm values were observed in 2.4-year-old seedlings at high LI conditions. Furthermore, higher ΦPSII was detected under low LI conditions, with lower energy-dependent quenching (qE) and qI values and photo-inhibition % decreased as well. However, qE and qI increased as ΦPSII decreased and photo-inhibition% increased under high LI treatments. CONCLUSIONS These results could be useful for predicting the changes in growth and distribution of Mahonia species grown in controlled environments and open fields with various combinations of varying light illuminations, and ecological monitoring of their restoration and habitat creation is important for provenance conservation and helps to formulate better conservation strategies for the seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Chen
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chao Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji Township, No.1, Minsheng E. Rd, Nantou County, 55244, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou, 557, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ching Huang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji Township, No.1, Minsheng E. Rd, Nantou County, 55244, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Wang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji Township, No.1, Minsheng E. Rd, Nantou County, 55244, Taiwan.
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4
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Bru P, Steen CJ, Park S, Amstutz CL, Sylak-Glassman EJ, Lam L, Fekete A, Mueller MJ, Longoni F, Fleming GR, Niyogi KK, Malnoë A. The major trimeric antenna complexes serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation in plants. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102519. [PMID: 36152752 PMCID: PMC9615032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and algae are faced with a conundrum: harvesting sufficient light to drive their metabolic needs while dissipating light in excess to prevent photodamage, a process known as nonphotochemical quenching. A slowly relaxing form of energy dissipation, termed qH, is critical for plants’ survival under abiotic stress; however, qH location in the photosynthetic membrane is unresolved. Here, we tested whether we could isolate subcomplexes from plants in which qH was induced that would remain in an energy-dissipative state. Interestingly, we found that chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence lifetimes were decreased by qH in isolated major trimeric antenna complexes, indicating that they serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation and providing a natively quenched complex with physiological relevance to natural conditions. Next, we monitored the changes in thylakoid pigment, protein, and lipid contents of antenna with active or inactive qH but did not detect any evident differences. Finally, we investigated whether specific subunits of the major antenna complexes were required for qH but found that qH was insensitive to trimer composition. Because we previously observed that qH can occur in the absence of specific xanthophylls, and no evident changes in pigments, proteins, or lipids were detected, we tentatively propose that the energy-dissipative state reported here may stem from Chl–Chl excitonic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Bru
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Collin J Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia L Amstutz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily J Sylak-Glassman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lam Lam
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Fiamma Longoni
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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5
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Yu G, Hao J, Pan X, Shi L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Fan H, Xiao Y, Yang F, Lou J, Chang W, Malnoë A, Li M. Structure of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal region unveils C-terminal domain essential for negative regulation of photoprotective qH. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:840-855. [PMID: 35798975 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays an important role for phototrophs in decreasing photo-oxidative damage. qH is a sustained form of NPQ and depends on the plastid lipocalin (LCNP). A thylakoid membrane-anchored protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) prevents qH formation by inhibiting LCNP. SOQ1 suppresses qH with its lumen-located thioredoxin (Trx)-like and NHL domains. Here we report structural data, genetic modification and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal domains. Our results show that the Trx-like and NHL domains are associated together, with the cysteine motif located at their interface. Residue E859, required for SOQ1 function, is pivotal for maintaining the Trx-NHL association. Importantly, the C-terminal region of SOQ1 forms an independent β-stranded domain that has structural homology to the N-terminal domain of bacterial disulfide bond protein D and is essential for negative regulation of qH. Furthermore, SOQ1 is susceptible to cleavage at the loops connecting the neighbouring lumenal domains both in vitro and in vivo, which could be a regulatory process for its suppression function of qH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Hao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Fan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Chang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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6
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Bielczynski LW, Xu P, Croce R. PSII supercomplex disassembly is not needed for the induction of energy quenching (qE). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:275-281. [PMID: 35303236 PMCID: PMC9458576 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection by non-photochemical quenching is important for optimal growth and development, especially during dynamic changes of the light intensity. The main component responsible for energy dissipation is called qE. It has been proposed that qE involves the reorganization of the photosynthetic complexes and especially of Photosystem II. However, despite a number of studies, there are still contradictory results concerning the structural changes in PSII during qE induction. The main limitation in addressing this point is the very fast nature of the off switch of qE, since the illumination is usually performed in folio and the preparation of the thylakoids requires a dark period. To avoid qE relaxation during thylakoid isolation, in this work quenching was induced directly on isolated and functional thylakoids that were then solubilized in the light. The analysis of the quenched thylakoids in native gel showed only a small decrease in the large PSII supercomplexes (C2S2M2/C2S2M) which is most likely due to photoinhibition/light acclimation since it does not recover in the dark. This result indicates that qE rise is not accompanied by a structural disassembly of the PSII supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik W Bielczynski
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pengqi Xu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Long SP, Taylor SH, Burgess SJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, De Souza AP, Leonelli L, Wang Y. Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:617-648. [PMID: 35595290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Burgess
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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8
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Wang CW, Wong SL, Liao TS, Weng JH, Chen MN, Huang MY, Chen CI. Photosynthesis in response to salinity and submergence in two Rhizophoraceae mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1016-1028. [PMID: 34918132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to rising sea levels. When the sea level rises, the plants are exposed to increased salinity and tidal submergence. In Taiwan, the mangrove species Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa grow in different habitats and at different elevations. To understand the response of photosynthesis to salinity and submergence in mangroves adapted to different tidal elevations, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in K. obovata and R. stylosa under different salinity (20 and 40‰) and submergence treatments. The period of light induction of photosynthesis for the two mangrove species was >60 min. In the induction process, the increase in photosystem efficiency was faster than the increase in stomatal opening, but CO2 fixation efficiency was restricted by stomatal conductance. The constraint of stomatal opening speed is related to the conservative water-use strategy developed in response to mangrove environments. Submergence increased the photosynthetic rate of K. obovata, but not that of R. stylosa. Although R. stylosa was more salt tolerant than K. obovata, R. stylosa was not submergence tolerant in a high-salinity environment, which may be the reason for the higher intertidal elevations observed for R. stylosa in comparison with K. obovata. The photosynthetic rate and energy-dependent quenching (qE) of the two mangroves presented a negative relationship with photoinhibition, and high-salt treatment simultaneously reduced photosynthetic rate and qE. A decrease in the photosynthetic rate increased excess energy, whereas a decrease in qE decreased photoprotection; both increased photoinhibition. As the degree of photoinhibition can be easily measured in the field, it is a useful ecological monitoring index that provides a suitable reference for mangrove restoration, habitat construction and ecological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Wang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, No. 1, Minsheng E. Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County 55244, Taiwan
| | - S-L Wong
- Endemic Species Research Institute, No. 1, Minsheng E. Rd., Jiji Township, Nantou County 55244, Taiwan
| | - T-S Liao
- Department of Forestry, Tree Physiology and Silviculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - J-H Weng
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Ecophysiology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - M-N Chen
- Department of Agriculture, Taoyuan City Government, No.1, Xianfu Rd., Taoyuan City 330206, Taiwan
| | - M-Y Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Plant Ecophysiology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - C-I Chen
- Department of Forestry, Tree Physiology and Silviculture, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd. Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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9
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Uflewski M, Mielke S, Correa Galvis V, von Bismarck T, Chen X, Tietz E, Ruß J, Luzarowski M, Sokolowska E, Skirycz A, Eirich J, Finkemeier I, Schöttler MA, Armbruster U. Functional characterization of proton antiport regulation in the thylakoid membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2209-2229. [PMID: 33742682 PMCID: PMC8644300 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, energy is transiently stored as an electrochemical proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. The resulting proton motive force (pmf) is composed of a membrane potential (ΔΨ) and a proton concentration gradient (ΔpH) and powers the synthesis of ATP. Light energy availability for photosynthesis can change very rapidly and frequently in nature. Thylakoid ion transport proteins buffer the effects that light fluctuations have on photosynthesis by adjusting pmf and its composition. Ion channel activities dissipate ΔΨ, thereby reducing charge recombinations within photosystem II. The dissipation of ΔΨ allows for increased accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen, generating the signal that activates feedback downregulation of photosynthesis. Proton export from the lumen via the thylakoid K+ exchange antiporter 3 (KEA3), instead, decreases the ΔpH fraction of the pmf and thereby reduces the regulatory feedback signal. Here, we reveal that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) KEA3 protein homo-dimerizes via its C-terminal domain. This C-terminus has a regulatory function, which responds to light intensity transients. Plants carrying a C-terminus-less KEA3 variant show reduced feed-back downregulation of photosynthesis and suffer from increased photosystem damage under long-term high light stress. However, during photosynthetic induction in high light, KEA3 deregulation leads to an increase in carbon fixation rates. Together, the data reveal a trade-off between long-term photoprotection and a short-term boost in carbon fixation rates, which is under the control of the KEA3 C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Uflewski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sarah Mielke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | | | | | - Xiaoheng Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Enrico Tietz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jeremy Ruß
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Marcin Luzarowski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Ewelina Sokolowska
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca 14853, New York
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | | | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Author for communication:
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10
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Hikosaka K. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index in photoinhibited leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:815-826. [PMID: 33832552 DOI: 10.1071/fp20365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence (SIF) has been shown to be positively correlated with vegetation photosynthesis, suggesting that it is a useful signal for understanding of environmental responses and spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity at various scales from leaf to the globe. Photosynthesis is often inhibited in stressful environments (photoinhibition), but how photoinhibition influences the relationship between photosynthesis and chl fluorescence remains unclear. Here, I studied light energy allocation among photosynthesis, chl fluorescence and heat dissipation in photoinhibited leaves and tested whether photosynthesis in photoinhibited leaves can be evaluated from chl fluorescence and reflectance spectra in remote sensing. Chl fluorescence and reflection spectra were examined with the pulse amplified modulation (PAM) system and spectroradiometer, respectively. Photoinhibited leaves had lower photosynthetic rates and quantum yields of photochemistry (ΦP) and higher chl fluorescence yields. Consequently, photosynthesis was negatively correlated with chl fluorescence, which contrasts the positive relationships between photosynthesis and SIF observed in past remote sensing studies. This suggests that vegetation photosynthesis evaluated solely from chl fluorescence may be overestimated if the vegetation is dominated by severely photoinhibited leaves. When a model of energy allocation was applied, ΦP estimated from chl fluorescence and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) significantly correlated with the observed ΦP, suggesting that the model is useful to evaluate photosynthetic activities of photoinhibited leaves by remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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11
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Hikosaka K, Tsujimoto K. Linking remote sensing parameters to CO 2 assimilation rates at a leaf scale. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:695-711. [PMID: 34019204 PMCID: PMC8245396 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) are expected to be useful for remote sensing of photosynthetic activity at various spatial scales. This review discusses how chlorophyll fluorescence and PRI are related to the CO2 assimilation rate at a leaf scale. Light energy absorbed by photosystem II chlorophylls is allocated to photochemistry, fluorescence, and heat dissipation evaluated as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). PRI is correlated with NPQ because it reflects the composition of xanthophylls, which are involved in heat dissipation. Assuming that NPQ is uniquely related to the photochemical efficiency (quantum yield of photochemistry), photochemical efficiencies can be assessed from either chlorophyll fluorescence or PRI. However, this assumption may not be held under some conditions such as low temperatures and photoinhibitory environments. Even in such cases, photosynthesis may be estimated more accurately if both chlorophyll fluorescence and PRI are determined simultaneously. To convert from photochemical efficiency to CO2 assimilation, environmental responses in stomatal conductance also need to be considered. Models linking chlorophyll fluorescence and PRI with CO2 assimilation rates will contribute to understanding and future prediction of the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Katsuto Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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12
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Wu G, Ma L, Yuan C, Dai J, Luo L, Poudyal RS, Sayre RT, Lee CH. Formation of light-harvesting complex II aggregates from LHCII-PSI-LHCI complexes in rice plants under high light. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4938-4948. [PMID: 33939808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During low light- (LL) induced state transitions in dark-adapted rice (Oryza sativa) leaves, light-harvesting complex (LHC) II become phosphorylated and associate with PSI complexes to form LHCII-PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. When the leaves are subsequently transferred to high light (HL) conditions, phosphorylated LHCII complexes are no longer phosphorylated. Under the HL-induced transition in LHC phosphorylation status, we observed a new green band in the stacking gel of native green-PAGE, which was determined to be LHCII aggregates by immunoblotting and 77K chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Knockout mutants of protein phosphatase 1 (PPH1) which dephosphorylates LHCII failed to form these LHCII aggregates. In addition, the ability to develop non-photochemical quenching in the PPH1 mutant under HL was less than for wild-type plants. As determined by immunoblotting analysis, LHCII proteins present in LHCII-PSI-LHCI supercomplexes included the Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 proteins. In this study, we provide evidence suggesting that LHCII in the LHCII-PSI-LHCI supercomplexes are dephosphorylated and subsequently form aggregates to dissipate excess light energy under HL conditions. We propose that this LHCII aggregation, involving LHCII L-trimers, is a newly observed photoprotective light-quenching process operating in the early stage of acclimation to HL in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cai Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiahao Dai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lai Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roshan Sharma Poudyal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Choon-Hwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Gasulla F, del Campo EM, Casano LM, Guéra A. Advances in Understanding of Desiccation Tolerance of Lichens and Lichen-Forming Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:807. [PMID: 33923980 PMCID: PMC8073698 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic associations (holobionts) established between fungi (mycobionts) and certain groups of cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae (photobionts). This symbiotic association has been essential in the colonization of terrestrial dry habitats. Lichens possess key mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance (DT) that are constitutively present such as high amounts of polyols, LEA proteins, HSPs, a powerful antioxidant system, thylakoidal oligogalactolipids, etc. This strategy allows them to be always ready to survive drastic changes in their water content. However, several studies indicate that at least some protective mechanisms require a minimal time to be induced, such as the induction of the antioxidant system, the activation of non-photochemical quenching including the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, lipid membrane remodeling, changes in the proportions of polyols, ultrastructural changes, marked polysaccharide remodeling of the cell wall, etc. Although DT in lichens is achieved mainly through constitutive mechanisms, the induction of protection mechanisms might allow them to face desiccation stress in a better condition. The proportion and relevance of constitutive and inducible DT mechanisms seem to be related to the ecology at which lichens are adapted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Guéra
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
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Pfündel EE. Simultaneously measuring pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves at wavelengths shorter and longer than 700 nm. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:345-358. [PMID: 33528756 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PAM fluorescence of leaves of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) was measured simultaneously in the spectral range below 700 nm (sw) and above 700 nm (lw). A high-sensitivity photodiode was employed to measure the low intensities of sw fluorescence. Photosystem II (PSII) performance was analyzed by the saturation pulse method during a light response curve with subsequent dark phase. The sw fluorescence was more variable, resulting in higher PSII photochemical yields compared to lw fluorescence. The variations between sw and lw data were explained by different levels of photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence: the contribution of PSI fluorescence to minimum fluorescence (F0) was calculated to be 14% at sw wavelengths and 45% at lw wavelengths. With the results obtained, the validity of an earlier method for the quantification of PSI fluorescence (Genty et al. in Photosynth Res 26:133-139, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047085 ) was reconsidered. After subtracting PSI fluorescence from all fluorescence levels, the maximum PSII photochemical yield (FV/FM) in the sw range was 0.862 and it was 0.883 in the lw range. The lower FV/FM at sw wavelengths was suggested to arise from inactive PSII reaction centers in the outermost leaf layers. Polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP or OI1I2P kinetics) were recorded simultaneously at sw and lw wavelengths: the slowest phase of the kinetics (IP or I2P) corresponded to 11% and 13% of total variable sw and lw fluorescence, respectively. The idea that this difference is due to variable PSI fluorescence is critically discussed. Potential future applications of simultaneously recording fluorescence in two spectral windows include studies of PSI non-photochemical quenching and state I-state II transitions, as well as measuring the fluorescence from pH-sensitive dyes simultaneously with chlorophyll fluorescence.
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15
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Ferroni L, Colpo A, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S. In an ancient vascular plant the intermediate relaxing component of NPQ depends on a reduced stroma: Evidence from dithiothreitol treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112114. [PMID: 33385824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In plants, the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) induced by high light reveals the occurrence of a multiplicity of regulatory processes of photosynthesis, primarily devoted to photoprotection of photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII). The study of NPQ relaxation in darkness allows the separation of three kinetically distinct phases: the fast relaxing high-energy quenching qE, the intermediate relaxing phase and the nearly non-relaxatable photoinhibitory quenching. Several processes can underlie the intermediate phase. In the ancient vascular plant Selaginella martensii (Lycopodiophyta) this component, here termed qX, was previously proposed to reflect mainly a photoprotective energy-spillover from PSII to PSI. It is hypothesized that qX is induced by an over-reduced photosynthetic electron transport chain from PSII to final acceptors. To test this hypothesis the leaves were treated with the reductant dithiothreitol (DTT) and the chlorophyll fluorescence changes were analysed during the induction with high irradiance and the subsequent relaxation in darkness. DTT treatment caused the well-known decrease in NPQ induction and expectedly resulted in a disturbed photosynthetic electron flow. The relaxation curves of Y(NPQ), formally representing the quantum yield of the regulatory thermal dissipation, revealed a DTT dose-dependent decrease in amplitude not only of qE, but also of qX, up to the complete disappearance of the latter. Modelling of the relaxation curves under alternative scenarios led to the conclusion that DTT is permissive with respect to qX induction but suppresses its dark relaxation. The strong dependence of qX on the chloroplast redox state is discussed with respect to its proposed energy-spillover photoprotective significance in a lycophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Colpo
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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16
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Yanykin D, Sundyreva M, Khorobrykh A, Semenova G, Savchenko T. Functional characterization of the corticular photosynthetic apparatus in grapevine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148260. [PMID: 32679044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of functional characteristics of the grapevine leaf photosynthetic apparatus (LPA) and corticular photosynthetic apparatus (CPA) in chlorenchyma tissues of first-year lignified vine was performed. Obtained results demonstrate significant differences between the functional properties of the CPA and the LPA. CPA contains an increased proportion (about 2/3) of QB-non-reducing centers of photosystem II (PSII) that is confirmed by elevated O-J phase in fluorescence kinetics, high PSIIβ content, and slower QA-• reoxidation. CPA and LPA use different strategies to utilize absorbed light energy and to protect itself against excessive light. CPA dissipates a significant proportion of absorbed light energy as heat (regulated and non-regulated dissipation), and only a smaller part of the excitation energy is used in the dark stages of photosynthesis. The rate constant of photoinhibition and fluorescence quenching due to photoinhibition in CPA is almost three times higher than in LPA, while high-energy state fluorescence quenching value is twice lower. The saturation of vine chlorenchyma tissue with water increases the CPA tolerance to photoinhibition and promotes the ability to restore the photosynthetic activity after photoinhibition. The electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of intact plastids in vine chlorenchyma tissue, the interior space of plastids is filled with large starch grains while bands of stacked thylakoid membranes are mainly localized on the periphery. Analyzes showed that corticular plastids are specialized organelles combining features of chloroplasts, amyloplasts and gerontoplasts. Distinct structural organization of photosynthetic membranes and microenvironment predetermine distinctive functional properties of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yanykin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - M Sundyreva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Krasnodar 350072, Russia
| | - A Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - G Semenova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - T Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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17
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Gao S, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wang G. Slow zeaxanthin accumulation and the enhancement of CP26 collectively contribute to an atypical non-photochemical quenching in macroalga Ulva prolifera under high light. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:393-403. [PMID: 31849051 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants, which dissipates excess energy and further protects the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress. NPQ can be dissected into a number of components: qE, qZ, and qI. In general, NPQ is catalyzed by two independent mechanisms, with the faster-activated quenching catalyzed by the monomeric light-harvesting complex (LHCII) proteins and the slowly activated quenching catalyzed by LHCII trimers, both processes depending on zeaxanthin but to different extent. Here, we studied the NPQ of the intertidal green macroalga, Ulva prolifera, and found that the NPQ of U. prolifera lack the faster-activated quenching, and showed much greater sensitivity to dithiothreitol (DTT) than to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Further results suggested that the monomeric LHC proteins in U. prolifera included only CP29 and CP26, but lacked CP24, unlike Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, the expression levels of CP26 increased significantly following exposure to high light, but the concentrations of the two important photoprotective proteins (PsbS and light-harvesting complex stress-related [LhcSR]) did not change upon the same conditions. Analysis of the xanthophyll cycle pigments showed that, upon exposure to high light, zeaxanthin synthesis in U. prolifera was gradual and much slower than that in P. patens, and could effectively be inhibited by DTT. Based on these results, we speculate the enhancement of CP26 and slow zeaxanthin accumulation provide an atypical NPQ, making this green macroalga well adapted to the intertidal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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18
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Cho SM, Lee H, Hong SG, Lee J. Study of Ecophysiological Responses of the Antarctic Fruticose Lichen Cladonia borealis Using the PAM Fluorescence System under Natural and Laboratory Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E85. [PMID: 31936612 PMCID: PMC7020452 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic lichens have been used as indicators of climate change for decades, but only a few species have been studied. We assessed the photosynthetic performance of the fruticose lichen Cladonia borealis under natural and laboratory conditions using the PAM fluorescence system. Compared to that of sun-adapted Usnea sp., the photosynthetic performance of C. borealis exhibits shade-adapted lichen features, and its chlorophyll fluorescence does not occur during dry days without rain. To understand its desiccation-rehydration responses, we measured changes in the PSII photochemistry in C. borealis under the average light intensity of dawn light and daylight and the desiccating conditions of its natural microclimate. Interestingly, samples under daylight and rapid-desiccation conditions showed a delayed reduction in Fv'/Fm' and rETRmax, and an increase in Y(II) and Y(NPQ) levels. These results suggest that the photoprotective mechanism of C. borealis depends on sunlight and becomes more efficient with improved desiccation tolerance. Amplicon sequencing revealed that the major photobiont of C. borealis was Asterochloris irregularis, which has not been reported in Antarctica before. Collectively, these results from both field and laboratory could provide a better understanding of specific ecophysiological responses of shade-adapted lichens in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Mi Cho
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea;
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.L.); (S.G.H.)
- Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Soon Gyu Hong
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (H.L.); (S.G.H.)
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea;
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19
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Kalmatskaya OA, Karavaev VA, Tikhonov AN. Slow induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence excited by blue and red light in Tradescantia leaves acclimated to high and low light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:265-282. [PMID: 31435864 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tradescantia is a good model for assaying induction events in higher plant leaves. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence serves as a sensitive reporter of the functional state of photosynthetic apparatus in chloroplasts. The fluorescence time-course depends on the leaf growth conditions and actinic light quality. In this work, we investigated slow induction of Chl a fluorescence (SIF) excited by blue light (BL, λmax = 455 nm) or red light (RL, λmax = 630 nm) in dark-adapted leaves of Tradescantia fluminensis acclimated to high light (~ 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1; HL) or low light (~ 100 µmol photons m-2 s-1; LL). Our special interest was focused on the contribution of the avoidance response to SIF kinetics. Bearing in mind that BL and RL have different impacts on photoreceptors that initiate chloroplast movements within the cell (accumulation/avoidance responses), we have compared the SIF patterns during the action of BL and RL. The time-courses of SIF and kinetics of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl a fluorescence revealed a certain difference when leaves were illuminated by BL or RL. In both cases, the yield of fluorescence rose to the maximal level P and then, after the lag-phase P-S-M1, the fluorescence level decreased toward the steady state T (via the intermediate phases M1-M2 and M2-T). In LL-acclimated leaves, the duration of the P-S-M1 phase was almost two times longer that in HL-grown plants. In the case of BL, the fluorescence decay included the transient phase M1-M2. This phase was obscure during the RL illumination. Non-photochemical quenching of Chl a fluorescence has been quantified as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] stand for the fluorescence response to saturating pulses of light applied to dark-adapted and illuminated samples, respectively. The time-courses of such a formally determined NPQ value were markedly different during the action of RL and BL. In LL-grown leaves, BL induced higher NPQ as compared to the action of RL. In HL-grown plants, the difference between the NPQ responses to BL and RL illumination was insignificant. Comparing the peculiarities of Chl a fluorescence induced by BL and RL, we conclude that the avoidance response can provide a marked contribution to SIF and NPQ generation. The dependence of NPQ on the quality of actinic light suggests that chloroplast movements within the cell have a noticeable impact on the formally determined NPQ value. Analyzing kinetics of post-illumination decay of NPQ in the context of solar stress resistance, we have found that LL-acclimated Tradescantia leaves are more vulnerable to strong light than the HL-grown leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Bethmann S, Melzer M, Schwarz N, Jahns P. The zeaxanthin epoxidase is degraded along with the D1 protein during photoinhibition of photosystem II. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00185. [PMID: 31819921 PMCID: PMC6885522 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The xanthophyll zeaxanthin is synthesized in chloroplasts upon high light exposure of plants and serves central photoprotective functions. The reconversion of zeaxanthin to violaxanthin is catalyzed by the zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). ZEP shows highest activity after short and moderate high light periods, but becomes gradually down-regulated in response to increasing high light stress along with down-regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activity. ZEP activity and ZEP protein levels were studied in response to high light stress in four plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana, Pisum sativum, Nicotiana benthamiana and Spinacia oleracea. In all species, ZEP protein was degraded during photoinhibition of PSII in parallel with the D1 protein of PSII. In the presence of streptomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast protein synthesis, photoinhibition of PSII and ZEP activity as well as degradation of D1 and ZEP protein was strongly increased, indicating a close correlation of ZEP regulation with PSII photoinhibition and repair. The concomitant high light-induced inactivation/degradation of ZEP and D1 prevents the reconversion of zeaxanthin during photoinhibition and repair of PSII. This regulation of ZEP activity supports a coordinated degradation of D1 and ZEP during photoinhibition/repair of PSII and an essential photoprotective function of zeaxanthin during the PSII repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Nadine Schwarz
- Plant BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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21
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Feng S, Fu L, Xia Q, Tan J, Jiang Y, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence transition from dark-adapted state to light-adapted state. IET Syst Biol 2019; 12:289-293. [PMID: 30472693 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Green houses play a vital role in modern agriculture. Artificial light illumination is very important in a green house. While light is necessary for plant growth, excessive light in a green house may not bring more profit and even damages plants. Developing a plant-physiology-based light control strategy in a green house is important, which implies that a state-space model on photosynthetic activities is very useful because modern control theories and techniques are usually developed according to model structures in the state space. In this work, a simplified model structure on photosystem II activities was developed with seven state variables and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) as the observable variable. Experiments on ChlF were performed. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to estimate model parameters from experimental data. The model structure can fit experimental data with a small relative error (<2%). ChlF under different light intensities were simulated to show the effect of light intensity on ChlF emission. A simplified model structure with fewer state variables and model parameters will be more robust to perturbations and model parameter estimation. The model structure is thus expected useful in future green-house light control strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Feng
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiang Fu
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yongnian Jiang
- Jiangsu Zhongnong IoT Technology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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22
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Guidi L, Lo Piccolo E, Landi M. Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photoinhibition and Abiotic Stress: Does it Make Any Difference the Fact to Be a C3 or C4 Species? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 30838014 PMCID: PMC6382737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F m ratio has been largely used as a sensitive indicator of plant photosynthetic performance. Decreases of this index are indicative of the reduction of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, namely photoinhibition. In the last 20 years, application of chlorophyll fluorescence has been largely improved, and many other informative parameters have been established to detect PSII photochemical efficiency and the partitioning of light energy to alternative dissipative mechanisms (qE, energy-dependent quenching; qZ, zeaxanthin-dependent quenching and qI, photoinhibitory quenching; qH, sustained photoprotective antenna quenching; qM, quenching dependent to chloroplast movement; qT, light harvesting complexes II-I state-transition) such as the recently developed "photoprotective power" of non-photochemical quenching (pNPQ). This review reports a brief description of the main chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and a wide analysis of the current bibliography on the use of different parameters which are useful to detect events of PSII photoinhibition. In addition, in view of the inherent differences in morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical features between C3 and C4 metabolism, possible differences in terms of photoinhibition between C3 and C4 plant species under stress conditions are proposed. The attempt is to highlight the limits of their comparison in terms of susceptibility to photoinhibition and to propose direction of future research which, assisted by chlorophyll fluorescence, should improve the knowledge of the different sensitivity of C3 and C4 to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Climate Change Impacts, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ermes Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Matsuoka T, Onozawa A, Sonoike K, Kore-eda S. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Induction in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Can Be Estimated by Non-Photochemical Quenching upon Actinic Illumination During the Dark Period. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1966-1975. [PMID: 29917144 PMCID: PMC6178971 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, which switches the mode of photosynthesis from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) upon high salt stress, was shown here to exhibit diurnal changes in not only the CO2 fixation pathway but also Chl fluorescence parameters under CAM-induced conditions. We conducted comprehensive time course measurements of M. crystallinum leaf Chl fluorescence using the same leaf throughout the CAM induction period. By doing so, we were able to distinguish the effect of CAM induction from that of photoinhibition and avoid the possible effects of differences in foliar age. We found that the diurnal change in the status of electron transfer could be ascribed to the formation of a proton gradient across thylakoid membranes presumably resulting from diurnal changes in the ATP/ADP ratio reported earlier. The electron transport by actinic illumination thus became limited at the step of plastoquinol oxidation by the Cyt b6/f complex in the 'night' period upon CAM induction, resulting in high levels of non-photochemical quenching. The actinically induced non-photochemical quenching in the 'night' period correlated well with the degree of CAM induction. Chl fluorescence parameters, such as NPQ or qN, could be used as a simple indexing system for the CAM induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Matsuoka
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Onozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Kore-eda
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Coe RA, Chatterjee J, Acebron K, Dionora J, Mogul R, Lin H, Yin X, Bandyopadhyay A, Sirault XRR, Furbank RT, Quick WP. High-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence screening of Setaria viridis for mutants with altered CO 2 compensation points. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1017-1025. [PMID: 32291001 DOI: 10.1071/fp17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To assist with efforts to engineer a C4 photosynthetic pathway into rice, forward-genetic approaches are being used to identify the genes modulating key C4 traits. Currently, a major challenge is how to screen for a variety of different traits in a high-throughput manner. Here we describe a method for identifying C4 mutant plants with increased CO2 compensation points. This is used as a signature for decreased photosynthetic efficiency associated with a loss of C4 function. By exposing plants to a CO2 concentration close to the CO2 compensation point of a wild-type plant, individuals can be identified from measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence. We use this method to screen a mutant population of the C4 monocot Setaria viridis (L.)P.Beauv. generated using N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). Mutants were identified at a frequency of 1 per 157 lines screened. Forty-six candidate lines were identified and one line with a heritable homozygous phenotype selected for further characterisation. The CO2 compensation point of this mutant was increased to a value similar to that of C3 rice. Photosynthesis and growth was significantly reduced under ambient conditions. These data indicate that the screen was capable of identifying mutants with decreased photosynthetic efficiency. Characterisation and next-generation sequencing of all the mutants identified in this screen may lead to the discovery of novel genes underpinning C4 photosynthesis. These can be used to engineer a C4 photosynthetic pathway into rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Coe
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jolly Chatterjee
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Kelvin Acebron
- IBG-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Dionora
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Reychelle Mogul
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - HsiangChun Lin
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Xiaojia Yin
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Xavier R R Sirault
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, High Resolution Plant Phenomics GPO Box 1500, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, GPO Box 1500, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - W Paul Quick
- C Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
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Lou Y, Sun H, Wang S, Xu H, Li L, Zhao H, Gao Z. Expression and functional analysis of two PsbS genes in bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:459-471. [PMID: 29314045 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants have an array of photoprotection mechanisms alleviating the harmful effects of light. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is one of the photoprotective mechanisms, which dissipates the excess of light energy absorbed in the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) into thermal energy. The photosystem II subunit S (PsbS), a member of the LHC family thought to be present exclusively in higher plants, is supposed to activate NPQ through interactions with antenna proteins. However, the roles of PsbS in bamboo remain unclear. Here, two genes of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), PePsbS1 and PePsbS2, are investigated and functionally analyzed. PePsbS1 and PePsbS2 have a similar gene structure with three introns separated by two exons, which encode 269 and 268 amino acid residues, respectively. Tissue-specific analysis showed that PePsbS1 and PePsbS2 are highly expressed in leaf blade. Besides, they are both upregulated in the leaf blade when plantlets are submitted to an increased and prolonged light intensity, suggesting that they are light-induced. Western blot analysis indicated that the accumulation level of total PePsbSs is consistent with what obtained by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for PePsbS1 and PePsbS2. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PePsbS1 and PePsbS2 both displayed an enhanced photoprotection. Moreover, the expression of PePsbS1 and PePsbS2 could both rescue the NPQ of Arabidopsis npq4 mutant, indicating that the PsbSs are functionally conserved between monocots and dicots. These results indicated that both PePsbS1 and PePsbS2 could circumvent photoinhibition and enhance photoprotection, which are key factors for bamboo's adaptation to different light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Lou
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Sining Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lichao Li
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory on the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
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26
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Pfündel EE, Latouche G, Meister A, Cerovic ZG. Linking chloroplast relocation to different responses of photosynthesis to blue and red radiation in low and high light-acclimated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:105-128. [PMID: 29374806 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) and high light (HL)-acclimated plants of A. thaliana were exposed to blue (BB) or red (RR) light or to a mixture of blue and red light (BR) of incrementally increasing intensities. The light response of photosystem II was measured by pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and that of photosystem I by near infrared difference spectroscopy. The LL but not HL leaves exhibited blue light-specific responses which were assigned to relocation of chloroplasts from the dark to the light-avoidance arrangement. Blue light (BB and BR) decreased the minimum fluorescence ([Formula: see text]) more than RR light. This extra reduction of the [Formula: see text] was stronger than theoretically predicted for [Formula: see text] quenching by energy dissipation but actual measurement and theory agreed in RR treatments. The extra [Formula: see text] reduction was assigned to decreased light absorption of chloroplasts in the avoidance position. A maximum reduction of 30% was calculated. Increasing intensities of blue light affected the fluorescence parameters NPQ and qP to a lesser degree than red light. After correcting for the optical effects of chloroplast relocation, the NPQ responded similarly to blue and red light. The same correction method diminished the color-specific variations in qP but did not abolish it; thus strongly indicating the presence of another blue light effect which also moderates excitation pressure in PSII but cannot be ascribed to absorption variations. Only after RR exposure, a post-illumination overshoot of [Formula: see text] and fast oxidation of PSI electron acceptors occurred, thus, suggesting an electron flow from stromal reductants to the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard E Pfündel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik II der Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
- Heinz Walz GmbH, Eichenring 6, 91090, Effeltrich, Germany.
| | - Gwendal Latouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Zoran G Cerovic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
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27
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Townsend AJ, Ware MA, Ruban AV. Dynamic interplay between photodamage and photoprotection in photosystem II. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1098-1112. [PMID: 29210070 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoinhibition is the light-induced reduction in photosynthetic efficiency and is usually associated with damage to the D1 photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre protein. This damage must either be repaired, through the PSII repair cycle, or prevented in the first place by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Both NPQ and D1 repair contribute to light tolerance because they ensure the long-term maintenance of the highest quantum yield of PSII. However, the relative contribution of each of these processes is yet to be elucidated. The application of a pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence methodology, called protective NPQ, enabled us to evaluate of the protective effectiveness of the processes. Within this study, the contribution of NPQ and D1 repair to the photoprotective capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana was elucidated by using inhibitors and mutants known to affect each process. We conclude that NPQ contributes a greater amount to the maintenance of a high PSII yield than D1 repair under short periods of illumination. This research further supports the role of protective components of NPQ during light fluctuations and the value of protective NPQ and qPd as unambiguous fluorescence parameters, as opposed to qI and Fv /Fm , for quantifying photoinactivation of reaction centre II and light tolerance of photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Townsend
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E14NS, UK
| | - Maxwell A Ware
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E14NS, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E14NS, UK
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28
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Morales A, Kaiser E, Yin X, Harbinson J, Molenaar J, Driever SM, Struik PC. Dynamic modelling of limitations on improving leaf CO 2 assimilation under fluctuating irradiance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:589-604. [PMID: 29243271 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic model of leaf CO2 assimilation was developed as an extension of the canonical steady-state model, by adding the effects of energy-dependent non-photochemical quenching (qE), chloroplast movement, photoinhibition, regulation of enzyme activity in the Calvin cycle, metabolite concentrations, and dynamic CO2 diffusion. The model was calibrated and tested successfully using published measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence on Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and several photosynthetic mutants and transformants affecting the regulation of Rubisco activity (rca-2 and rwt43), non-photochemical quenching (npq4-1 and npq1-2), and sucrose synthesis (spsa1). The potential improvements on CO2 assimilation under fluctuating irradiance that can be achieved by removing the kinetic limitations on the regulation of enzyme activities, electron transport, and stomatal conductance were calculated in silico for different scenarios. The model predicted that the rates of activation of enzymes in the Calvin cycle and stomatal opening were the most limiting (up to 17% improvement) and that effects varied with the frequency of fluctuations. On the other hand, relaxation of qE and chloroplast movement had a strong effect on average low-irradiance CO2 assimilation (up to 10% improvement). Strong synergies among processes were found, such that removing all kinetic limitations simultaneously resulted in improvements of up to 32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Morales
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Molenaar
- Biometris, Mathematical and Statistical Methods Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Rudenko NN, Fedorchuk TP, Vetoshkina DV, Zhurikova EM, Ignatova LK, Ivanov BN. Influence of knockout of At4g20990 gene encoding α-CA4 on photosystem II light-harvesting antenna in plants grown under different light intensities and day lengths. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:69-78. [PMID: 28643084 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Effect of knockout of the At4g20990 gene encoding α-carbonic anhydrase 4 (α-CA4) in Arabidopsis thaliana in plants grown in low light (LL, 80 μmol photons m-2 s-1) or in high light (HL, 400 μmol photons m-2 s-1) under long (LD, 16 h) or short (SD, 8 h) day length was studied. In α-CA4 knockout plants, under all studied conditions, the non-photochemical quenching was lower; the decrease was more pronounced under HL. This pointed to α-CA4 implication in the processes leading to energy dissipation in PSII antenna. In this context the content of major antenna proteins Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 was lower in α-CA4 knockouts than in wild-type (WT) plants under all growth conditions. The expression level of lhcb2 gene was also lower in mutants grown under LD, LL and HL in comparison to WT. At the same time, this level was higher in mutants grown under SD, LL and it was the same under SD, HL. Overall, the data showed that the knockout of the At4g20990 gene affected both the contents of proteins of PSII light-harvesting complex and the expression level of genes encoding these proteins, with peculiarities dependent on day length. These data together with the fact of a decrease of non-photochemical quenching of leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence in α-CA4-mut as compared with that in WT plants implied that α-CA4 participates in acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to light intensity, possibly playing important role in the photoprotection. The role of this CA can be especially important in plants growing under high illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Tatyana P Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Elena M Zhurikova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Lyudmila K Ignatova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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30
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Abstract
Light-response curves reveal the photosynthetic properties of plants. Depending upon the methodology selected they can be used to characterize CO2 assimilation, photochemistry, photoacclimation, photoinhibition, and kinetics of photoprotective mechanisms in response to changing light conditions. They are widely used to describe the ontogeny and range in physiological plasticity of plants. Here we describe methods for acquiring light-response curves using CO2 gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements that are applicable to a wide range of land plants.
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31
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Ogawa T, Misumi M, Sonoike K. Estimation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria by pulse-amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorescence: problems and solutions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:63-73. [PMID: 28283890 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and widely used for photosynthetic research as model organisms. Partly due to their prokaryotic nature, however, estimation of photosynthesis by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements is sometimes problematic in cyanobacteria. For example, plastoquinone pool is reduced in the dark-acclimated samples in many cyanobacterial species so that conventional protocol developed for land plants cannot be directly applied for cyanobacteria. Even for the estimation of the simplest chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, F v/F m, some additional protocol such as addition of DCMU or illumination of weak blue light is necessary. In this review, those problems in the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in cyanobacteria are introduced, and solutions to those problems are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ogawa
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Misumi
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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32
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Esquível MG, Matos A.R, Marques Silva J. Rubisco mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii display divergent photosynthetic parameters and lipid allocation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5569-5580. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Christa G, Cruz S, Jahns P, de Vries J, Cartaxana P, Esteves AC, Serôdio J, Gould SB. Photoprotection in a monophyletic branch of chlorophyte algae is independent of energy-dependent quenching (qE). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1132-1144. [PMID: 28152190 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic organisms need to ensure high photosynthetic performance whilst suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress occurring under excess light conditions. The xanthophyll cycle (XC), related to the high-energy quenching component (qE) of the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of excitation energy, is considered to be an obligatory component of photoprotective mechanisms. The pigment composition of at least one representative of each major clade of Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta) was investigated. We searched for a light-dependent conversion of pigments and investigated the NPQ capacity with regard to the contribution of XC and the qE component when grown under different light conditions. A XC was found to be absent in a monophyletic group of Ulvophyceae, the Bryopsidales, when cultivated under low light, but was triggered in one of the 10 investigated bryopsidalean species, Caulerpa cf. taxifolia, when cultivated under high light. Although Bryopsidales accumulate zeaxanthin (Zea) under high-light (HL) conditions, NPQ formation is independent of a XC and not related to qE. qE- and XC-independent NPQ in the Bryopsidales contradicts the common perception regarding its ubiquitous occurrence in Chloroplastida. Zea accumulation in HL-acclimated Bryopsidales most probably represents a remnant of a functional XC. The existence of a monophyletic algal taxon that lacks qE highlights the need for broad biodiversity studies on photoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Christa
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Serôdio
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sven B Gould
- Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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34
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Ferroni L, Goltsev V, Guidi L, Jajoo A, Li P, Losciale P, Mishra VK, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Pollastrini M, Suresh K, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M, Cetner MD, Samborska IA, Stirbet A, Olsovska K, Kunderlikova K, Shelonzek H, Rusinowski S, Bąba W. Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:13-66. [PMID: 27815801 PMCID: PMC5357263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122:121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additional Chl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of F V /F M values for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge from different Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr.Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P. 452 001 India
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Pasquale Losciale
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria [Research Unit for Agriculture in Dry Environments], 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vinod K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera sn., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dt., Andhra Pradesh 534 450 India
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Magdalena D. Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela A. Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Henry Shelonzek
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
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Schumann T, Paul S, Melzer M, Dörmann P, Jahns P. Plant Growth under Natural Light Conditions Provides Highly Flexible Short-Term Acclimation Properties toward High Light Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:681. [PMID: 28515734 PMCID: PMC5413563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient acclimation to different growth light intensities is essential for plant fitness. So far, most studies on light acclimation have been conducted with plants grown under different constant light regimes, but more recent work indicated that acclimation to fluctuating light or field conditions may result in different physiological properties of plants. Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) was grown under three different constant light intensities (LL: 25 μmol photons m-2 s-1; NL: 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1; HL: 500 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and under natural fluctuating light (NatL) conditions. We performed a thorough characterization of the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties focusing on photo-protective mechanisms. Our analyses corroborated the known properties of LL, NL, and HL plants. NatL plants, however, were found to combine characteristics of both LL and HL grown plants, leading to efficient and unique light utilization capacities. Strikingly, the high energy dissipation capacity of NatL plants correlated with increased dynamics of thylakoid membrane reorganization upon short-term acclimation to excess light. We conclude that the thylakoid membrane organization and particularly the light-dependent and reversible unstacking of grana membranes likely represent key factors that provide the basis for the high acclimation capacity of NatL grown plants to rapidly changing light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schumann
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suman Paul
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Melzer
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Seeland, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology/Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Jahns
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36
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Kenta T, Edwards JEM, Butlin RK, Burke T, Quick WP, Urwin P, Davey MP. Tissue Culture as a Source of Replicates in Nonmodel Plants: Variation in Cold Response in Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:3817-3823. [PMID: 27729439 PMCID: PMC5144953 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While genotype-environment interaction is increasingly receiving attention by ecologists and evolutionary biologists, such studies need genetically homogeneous replicates-a challenging hurdle in outcrossing plants. This could be potentially overcome by using tissue culture techniques. However, plants regenerated from tissue culture may show aberrant phenotypes and "somaclonal" variation. Here, we examined somaclonal variation due to tissue culturing using the response to cold treatment of photosynthetic efficiency (chlorophyll fluorescence measurements for Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', and ΦPSII, representing maximum efficiency of photosynthesis for dark- and light-adapted leaves, and the actual electron transport operating efficiency, respectively, which are reliable indicators of photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic electron transport system). We compared this to variation among half-sibling seedlings from three different families of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea Somaclonal variation was limited, and we could detect within-family variation in change in chlorophyll fluorescence due to cold shock successfully with the help of tissue-culture derived replicates. Icelandic and Norwegian families exhibited higher chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting higher performance after cold shock, than a Swedish family. Although the main effect of tissue culture on Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', and ΦPSII was small, there were significant interactions between tissue culture and family, suggesting that the effect of tissue culture is genotype-specific. Tissue-cultured plantlets were less affected by cold treatment than seedlings, but to a different extent in each family. These interactive effects, however, were comparable to, or much smaller than the single effect of family. These results suggest that tissue culture is a useful method for obtaining genetically homogenous replicates for studying genotype-environment interaction related to adaptively-relevant phenotypes, such as cold response, in nonmodel outcrossing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaka Kenta
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - W Paul Quick
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew P Davey
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Zhurikova EM, Ignatova LK, Rudenko NN, Mudrik VA, Vetoshkina DV, Ivanov BN. Participation of two carbonic anhydrases of the alpha family in photosynthetic reactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:1182-1187. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Ishikawa N, Takabayashi A, Noguchi K, Tazoe Y, Yamamoto H, von Caemmerer S, Sato F, Endo T. NDH-Mediated Cyclic Electron Flow Around Photosystem I is Crucial for C4 Photosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2020-2028. [PMID: 27497446 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis exhibits efficient CO2 assimilation in ambient air by concentrating CO2 around ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) through a metabolic pathway called the C4 cycle. It has been suggested that cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI mediated by chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH), an alternative pathway of photosynthetic electron transport (PET), plays a crucial role in C4 photosynthesis, although the contribution of NDH-mediated CEF is small in C3 photosynthesis. Here, we generated NDH-suppressed transformants of a C4 plant, Flaveria bidentis, and showed that the NDH-suppressed plants grow poorly, especially under low-light conditions. CO2 assimilation rates were consistently decreased in the NDH-suppressed plants under low and medium light intensities. Measurements of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence, the oxidation state of the reaction center of PSI (P700) and the electrochromic shift (ECS) of pigment absorbance indicated that proton translocation across the thylakoid membrane is impaired in the NDH-suppressed plants. Since proton translocation across the thylakoid membrane induces ATP production, these results suggest that NDH-mediated CEF plays a role in the supply of ATP which is required for C4 photosynthesis. Such a role is more crucial when the light that is available for photosynthesis is limited and the energy production by PET becomes rate-determining for C4 photosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that the physiological contribution of NDH-mediated CEF is greater in C4 photosynthesis than in C3 photosynthesis, suggesting that the mechanism of PET in C4 photosynthesis has changed from that in C3 photosynthesis accompanying the changes in the mechanism of CO2 assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Present address: Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819 Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1, Amamiya-machi, Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Matuszyńska A, Heidari S, Jahns P, Ebenhöh O. A mathematical model of non-photochemical quenching to study short-term light memory in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1860-1869. [PMID: 27620066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants are permanently exposed to rapidly changing environments, therefore it is evident that they had to evolve mechanisms enabling them to dynamically adapt to such fluctuations. Here we study how plants can be trained to enhance their photoprotection and elaborate on the concept of the short-term illumination memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. By monitoring fluorescence emission dynamics we systematically observe the extent of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) after previous light exposure to recognise and quantify the memory effect. We propose a simplified mathematical model of photosynthesis that includes the key components required for NPQ activation, which allows us to quantify the contribution to photoprotection by those components. Due to its reduced complexity, our model can be easily applied to study similar behavioural changes in other species, which we demonstrate by adapting it to the shadow-tolerant plant Epipremnum aureum. Our results indicate that a basic mechanism of short-term light memory is preserved. The slow component, accumulation of zeaxanthin, accounts for the amount of memory remaining after relaxation in darkness, while the fast one, antenna protonation, increases quenching efficiency. With our combined theoretical and experimental approach we provide a unifying framework describing common principles of key photoprotective mechanisms across species in general, mathematical terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matuszyńska
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Somayyeh Heidari
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry and Stress Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Institute for Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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Ikeuchi M, Sato F, Endo T. Allocation of Absorbed Light Energy in Photosystem II in NPQ Mutants of Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1484-1494. [PMID: 27076397 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To analyze changes of energy allocation in PSII at non-steady state photosynthesis, the induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence was re-evaluated with the use of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in which the ability to induce non-photochemical quenching was either enhanced (npq2) or suppressed (npq1 and npq4). When dark-treated leaves of the wild type (WT) were illuminated, very high Φf,D, which represents the loss of excitation energy via non-regulated dissipation, at the beginning of light illumination was gradually decreased to the steady-state level. In contrast, ΦNPQ, representing regulated energy dissipation in PSII, was relatively constant after a significant change in the first 10 min. In npq1 and npq4 mutants, lower ΦNPQ resulted in much higher Φf,D than in the WT. Comparison of npq1 and npq4 mutants showed a kinetic difference of two types of non-photochemical quenching. Because non-photochemical quenching calculated as NPQ = Fm - Fm')/Fm' was determined by the interplay between ΦNPQ and Φf,D, NPQ and ΦNPQ, both of which represent regulatory heat dissipation, were not linearly correlated. We showed that the kinetics of NPQ formation in the light and relaxation in the dark were affected by drastic changes in Φf,D We discuss the nature of a high level of Φf,D at the dark-light transition. We also point out an unavoidable problem of applying the energy allocation model when the Fv/Fm value changes during a photoinhibiotry illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikeuchi
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Endo
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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41
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Kalmatskaya OA, Karavaev VA. The fluorescent indices of bean leaves treated with sodium fluoride. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350915050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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42
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Trubitsin BV, Vershubskii AV, Priklonskii VI, Tikhonov AN. Short-term regulation and alternative pathways of photosynthetic electron transport in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:400-15. [PMID: 26300376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Tikhonov AN. Induction events and short-term regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts: an overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:65-94. [PMID: 25680580 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport at different levels of structural and functional organization of photosynthetic apparatus provides efficient performance of oxygenic photosynthesis in plants. This review begins with a brief overview of the chloroplast electron transport chain. Then two noninvasive biophysical methods (measurements of slow induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence and EPR signals of oxidized P700 centers) are exemplified to illustrate the possibility of monitoring induction events in chloroplasts in vivo and in situ. Induction events in chloroplasts are considered and briefly discussed in the context of short-term mechanisms of the following regulatory processes: (i) pH-dependent control of the intersystem electron transport; (ii) the light-induced activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle; (iii) optimization of electron transport due to fitting alternative pathways of electron flow and partitioning light energy between photosystems I and II; and (iv) the light-induced remodeling of photosynthetic apparatus and thylakoid membranes.
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Lazár D. Parameters of photosynthetic energy partitioning. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 175:131-47. [PMID: 25569797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Almost every laboratory dealing with plant physiology, photosynthesis research, remote sensing, and plant phenotyping possesses a fluorometer to measure a kind of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction (FLI). When the slow Chl FLI is measured with addition of saturating pulses and far-red illumination, the so-called quenching analysis followed by the so-called relaxation analysis in darkness can be realized. These measurements then serve for evaluation of the so-called energy partitioning, that is, calculation of quantum yields of photochemical and of different types of non-photochemical processes. Several theories have been suggested for photosynthetic energy partitioning. The current work aims to summarize all the existing theories, namely their equations for the quantum yields, their meaning and their assumptions. In the framework of these theories it is also found here that the well-known NPQ parameter ( [Formula: see text] ; Bilger and Björkman, 1990) equals the ratio of the quantum yield of regulatory light-induced non-photochemical quenching to the quantum yield of constitutive non-regulatory non-photochemical quenching (ΦNPQ/Φf,D). A similar relationship is also found here for the PQ parameter (ΦP/Φf,D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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45
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Hoffmann AM, Noga G, Hunsche M. Acclimations to light quality on plant and leaf level affect the vulnerability of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to water deficit. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:295-306. [PMID: 25626402 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of light quality on the vulnerability of pepper plants to water deficit. For this purpose plants were cultivated either under compact fluorescence lamps (CFL) or light-emitting diodes (LED) providing similar photon fluence rates (95 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) but distinct light quality. CFL emit a wide-band spectrum with dominant peaks in the green and red spectral region, whereas LEDs offer narrow band spectra with dominant peaks at blue (445 nm) and red (665 nm) regions. After one-week acclimation to light conditions plants were exposed to water deficit by withholding irrigation; this period was followed by a one-week regeneration period and a second water deficit cycle. In general, plants grown under CFL suffered more from water deficit than plants grown under LED modules, as indicated by the impairment of the photosynthetic efficiency of PSII, resulting in less biomass accumulation compared to respective control plants. As affected by water shortage, plants grown under CFL had a stronger decrease in the electron transport rate (ETR) and more pronounced increase in heat dissipation (NPQ). The higher amount of blue light suppressed plant growth and biomass formation, and consequently reduced the water demand of plants grown under LEDs. Moreover, pepper plants exposed to high blue light underwent adjustments at chloroplast level (e.g., higher Chl a/Chl b ratio), increasing the photosynthetic performance under the LED spectrum. Differently than expected, stomatal conductance was comparable for water-deficit and control plants in both light conditions during the stress and recovery phases, indicating only minor adjustments at the stomatal level. Our results highlight the potential of the target-use of light quality to induce structural and functional acclimations improving plant performance under stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hoffmann
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation - Horticultural Science, University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 6, 53121, Bonn, Germany,
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Marutani Y, Yamauchi Y, Miyoshi A, Inoue K, Ikeda KI, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Regulation of photochemical energy transfer accompanied by structural changes in thylakoid membranes of heat-stressed wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23042-58. [PMID: 25514410 PMCID: PMC4284753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystems of higher plants alleviate heat-induced damage in the presence of light under moderate stressed conditions; however, in the absence of light (i.e., in the dark), the same plants are damaged more easily. (Yamauchi and Kimura, 2011) We demonstrate that regulating photochemical energy transfer in heat-treated wheat at 40 °C with light contributed to heat tolerance of the photosystem. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis using heat-stressed wheat seedlings in light showed increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was due to thermal dissipation that was increased by state 1 to state 2 transition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed structural changes in thylakoid membranes, including unstacking of grana regions under heat stress in light. It was accompanied by the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins such as D1 and D2 proteins and the light harvesting complex II proteins Lhcb1 and Lhcb2. These results suggest that heat stress at 40 °C in light induces state 1 to state 2 transition for the preferential excitation of photosystem I (PSI) by phosphorylating thylakoid proteins more strongly. Structural changes of thylakoid membrane also assist the remodeling of photosystems and regulation of energy distribution by transition toward state 2 probably contributes to plastoquione oxidation; thus, light-driven electrons flowing through PSI play a protective role against PSII damage under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Marutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ken-ichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan.
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Endo T, Uebayashi N, Ishida S, Ikeuchi M, Sato F. Light energy allocation at PSII under field light conditions: how much energy is lost in NPQ-associated dissipation? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:115-120. [PMID: 24726274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the field, plants are exposed to fluctuating light, where photosynthesis occurs under conditions far from a steady state. Excess energy dissipation associated with energy quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qE) functions as an efficient photo-protection mechanism in photosystem II. PsbS is an important regulator of qE, especially for the induction phase of qE. Beside the regulatory energy dissipation, some part of energy is lost through relaxation of excited chlorophyll molecules. To date, several models to quantify energy loss through these dissipative pathways in PSII have been proposed. In this short review, we compare and evaluate these models for PSII energy allocation when they are applied to non-steady state photosynthesis. As a case study, an investigation on energy allocation to qE-associated dissipation at PSII under non-steady state photosynthesis using PsbS-deficient rice transformants is introduced. Diurnal and seasonal changes in PSII energy allocation in rice under natural light are also presented. Future perspective of studies on PSII energy allocation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Uebayashi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeuchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Sato R, Ohta H, Masuda S. Prediction of respective contribution of linear electron flow and PGR5-dependent cyclic electron flow to non-photochemical quenching induction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:190-6. [PMID: 24725611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, regulated formation of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) is important for controlling non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), which is crucial for plants to perform photosynthesis under fluctuating light conditions. The ΔpH is generated by two electron flows: the linear electron flow (LEF) and the cyclic electron flow (CEF). The Arabidopsis CEF mutant, pgr5, showed significantly lower NPQ values than those observed in WT, indicating that ΔpH, generated by the PGR5-dependent CEF, has a crucial role in controlling NPQ. However, the respective significance of LEF and CEF for ΔpH formation is largely unknown. Here we applied computer simulation to reproduce NPQ induction kinetics and estimate the respective contribution of LEF and PGR5-dependent CEF to the dynamics of ΔpH formation. The results indicate that the contribution of CEF to total ΔpH formation for induction of NPQ varies from 60-80%. The simulation also suggested a role of the PGR5-dependent CEF in accelerating electron transfer in the cytochrome b6f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Ikeuchi M, Uebayashi N, Sato F, Endo T. Physiological functions of PsbS-dependent and PsbS-independent NPQ under naturally fluctuating light conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1286-95. [PMID: 24850835 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The PsbS protein plays an important role in dissipating excess light energy as heat in photosystem II (PSII). However, the physiological importance of PsbS under naturally fluctuating light has not been quantitatively estimated. Here we investigated energy allocation in PSII in PsbS-suppressed rice transformants (ΔpsbS) under both naturally fluctuating and constant light conditions. Under constant light, PsbS was essential for inducing the rapid formation of light-inducible thermal dissipation (Φ(NPQ)), which consequently suppressed the rapid formation of basal intrinsic decay (Φ(f,D)), while the quantum yield of electron transport (Φ(II)) did not change. In the steady state phase, the difference between the wild type (WT) and ΔpsbS was minimized. Under regularly fluctuating light, the reduced PsbS resulted in higher Φ(II) upon the transition from high light to low light and in lower Φ(II) upon the transition from low light to high light, indicating that Φ(II) was, to some extent, controlled by PsbS. Under naturally fluctuating light in a greenhouse, rapid changes in Φ(II) were compensated by Φ(NPQ) in the WT, but by Φ(f,D) in ΔpsbS. As a consequence, a significantly lower ΣNPQ integrated Φ(NPQ) over a whole day) and higher Σf,D were found in ΔpsbS. Furthermore, thermal dissipation associated with photoinhibtion was enhanced in ΔpsbS. These results suggest that PsbS plays an important role in photoprotective process at the induction phase of photosynthesis as well as under field conditions. The physiological relevance of PsbS as a photoprotection mechanism and the identities of Φ(NPQ) and Φ(f,D) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikeuchi
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nozomu Uebayashi
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Endo
- Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Kono M, Noguchi K, Terashima I. Roles of the Cyclic Electron Flow Around PSI (CEF-PSI) and O2-Dependent Alternative Pathways in Regulation of the Photosynthetic Electron Flow in Short-Term Fluctuating Light in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:990-1004. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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