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Freitas GGD, Barbosa JM, Santana CJCD, Magalhães ACM, Macedo KWR, Souza JOD, Castro JSD, Vasconcelos IAD, Souza AA, Freitas SMD, Báo SN, Costa SR, Brand GD, Chaves IDM, Costa VV, Fontes W, Pires Júnior OR, Castro MS. Purification and Biological Properties of Raniseptins-3 and -6, Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Boana raniceps (Cope, 1862) Skin Secretion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030576. [PMID: 36979510 PMCID: PMC10046390 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has been growing in recent years, most of which is due to the inappropriate use of the commercial antibiotics that are currently available. The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance represents a serious global public health problem. Thus, it is necessary to search for and develop new drugs that can act as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides are a promising alternative for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Anurans' skin glands are a rich source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds and hylids, a large and diverse family of tree frogs, are known as an important source of antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, two novel antimicrobial peptides, named Raniseptins-3 and -6, were isolated from Boana raniceps skin secretion and their structural and biological properties were evaluated. Raniseptins-3 and -6 are cationic, rich in hydrophobic residues, and adopt an α-helix conformation in the presence of SDS (35 mM). Both peptides are active against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive pathogens, with low hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations. No activity was observed for yeasts, but the peptides are highly cytotoxic against B16F10 murine melanoma cells and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. None of the tested compounds showed improvement trends in the MTT and LDH parameters of MHV-3 infected cells at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonçalves de Freitas
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - João Martins Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Correia de Santana
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Keven Wender Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Jessica Schneider de Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alves de Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araújo Souza
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), National Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dotto Brand
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ian de Meira Chaves
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Center for Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
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Kumari S, Booth V. Antimicrobial Peptide Mechanisms Studied by Whole-Cell Deuterium NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052740. [PMID: 35269882 PMCID: PMC8910884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the work probing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mechanisms has focussed on how these molecules permeabilize lipid bilayers. However, AMPs must also traverse a variety of non-lipid cell envelope components before they reach the lipid bilayer. Additionally, there is a growing list of AMPs with non-lipid targets inside the cell. It is thus useful to extend the biophysical methods that have been traditionally applied to study AMP mechanisms in liposomes to the full bacteria, where the lipids are present along with the full complexity of the rest of the bacterium. This review focusses on what can be learned about AMP mechanisms from solid-state NMR of AMP-treated intact bacteria. It also touches on flow cytometry as a complementary method for measuring permeabilization of bacterial lipid membranes in whole bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
| | - Valerie Booth
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-864-4523
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3
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Panjla A, Kaul G, Chopra S, Titz A, Verma S. Short Peptides and Their Mimetics as Potent Antibacterial Agents and Antibiotic Adjuvants. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2731-2745. [PMID: 34779605 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been increasing unrelentingly worldwide, thus negatively impacting human health. The discovery and development of novel antibiotics is an urgent unmet need of the hour. However, it has become more challenging, requiring increasingly time-consuming efforts with increased commercial risks. Hence, alternative strategies are urgently needed to potentiate the existing antibiotics. In this context, short cationic peptides or peptide-based antimicrobials that mimic the activity of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could overcome the disadvantages of AMPs having evolved as potent antibacterial agents. Besides their potent antibacterial efficacy, short peptide conjugates have also gained attention as potent adjuvants to conventional antibiotics. Such peptide antibiotic combinations have become an increasingly cost-effective therapeutic option to tackle AMR. This Review summarizes the recent progress for peptide-based small molecules as promising antimicrobials and as adjuvants for conventional antibiotics to counter multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Panjla
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), 38124, Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center for Nanoscience, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Oulas A, Zachariou M, Chasapis CT, Tomazou M, Ijaz UZ, Schmartz GP, Spyrou GM, Vlamis-Gardikas A. Putative Antimicrobial Peptides Within Bacterial Proteomes Affect Bacterial Predominance: A Network Analysis Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752674. [PMID: 34867874 PMCID: PMC8636115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominance of bacterial taxa in the gut, was examined in view of the putative antimicrobial peptide sequences (AMPs) within their proteomes. The working assumption was that compatible bacteria would share homology and thus immunity to their putative AMPs, while competing taxa would have dissimilarities in their proteome-hidden AMPs. A network-based method ("Bacterial Wars") was developed to handle sequence similarities of predicted AMPs among UniProt-derived protein sequences from different bacterial taxa, while a resulting parameter ("Die" score) suggested which taxa would prevail in a defined microbiome. T he working hypothesis was examined by correlating the calculated Die scores, to the abundance of bacterial taxa from gut microbiomes from different states of health and disease. Eleven publicly available 16S rRNA datasets and a dataset from a full shotgun metagenomics served for the analysis. The overall conclusion was that AMPs encrypted within bacterial proteomes affected the predominance of bacterial taxa in chemospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Oulas
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - George M Spyrou
- Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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5
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Wang Q, Miao J, Feng K, Liu J, Li W, Li J, Yang Z, Cao Y. Antibacterial action of peptide F1 against colistin resistance E. coli SHP45 ( mcr-1). Food Funct 2021; 11:10231-10241. [PMID: 33169751 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism (mcr-1) makes bacterial resistance to colistin increasingly serious. This mcr-1 mediated bacterial resistance to colicin is conferred primarily through modification of lipid A in lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In our previous research, antimicrobial peptide F1 was derived from Tibetan kefir and has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and other pathogenic bacteria. Based on this characteristic of antibacterial peptide F1, we speculated that it could inhibit the growth of the colicin-resistant E. coli SHP45 (mcr-1) and not easily produce drug resistance. Studies have shown that antimicrobial peptide F1 can destroy the liposome structure of the phospholipid bilayer by destroying the inner and outer membranes of bacteria, thereby significantly inhibiting the growth of E. coli SHP45 (mcr-1), but without depending on LPS. The results of this study confirmed our hypothesis, and we anticipate that antimicrobial peptide F1 will become a safe antibacterial agent that can assist in solving the problem of drug resistance caused by colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Lima B, Ricci M, Garro A, Juhász T, Szigyártó IC, Papp ZI, Feresin G, Garcia de la Torre J, Lopez Cascales J, Fülöp L, Beke-Somfai T, Enriz RD. New short cationic antibacterial peptides. Synthesis, biological activity and mechanism of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183665. [PMID: 34097861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a theoretical and experimental study on a new series of small-sized antibacterial peptides. Synthesis and bioassays for these peptides are reported here. In addition, we evaluated different physicochemical parameters that modulate antimicrobial activity (charge, secondary structure, amphipathicity, hydrophobicity and polarity). We also performed molecular dynamic simulations to assess the interaction between these peptides and their molecular target (the membrane). Biophysical characterization of the peptides was carried out with different techniques, such as circular dichroism (CD), linear dichroism (LD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy and TEM studies using model systems (liposomes) for mammalian and bacterial membranes. The results of this study allow us to draw important conclusions on three different aspects. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that small-sized peptides have a particular mechanism of action that is different to that of large peptides. These results provide additional support for a previously proposed four-step mechanism of action. The possible pharmacophoric requirement for these small-sized peptides is discussed. Furthermore, our results indicate that a net +4 charge is the adequate for 9 amino acid long peptides to produce antibacterial activity. The information reported here is very important for designing new antibacterial peptides with these structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Maria Ricci
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adriana Garro
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imola Csilla Szigyártó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita I Papp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Jose Garcia de la Torre
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Lopez Cascales
- Grupo de Bioinformática y Macromoléculas (BioMac), Área de Química Física, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Aulario II, ́ Campus de Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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7
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Alvares DDS, Martins IBS, Viegas TG, Palma MS, de Araujo AS, de Carvalho SJ, Ruggiero Neto J. Modulatory Effects of Acidic pH and Membrane Potential on the Adsorption of pH-Sensitive Peptides to Anionic Lipid Membrane. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050307. [PMID: 33922150 PMCID: PMC8143466 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anionic lipid membrane electrostatic potential and solution pH can influence cationic peptide adsorption to these bilayers, especially those containing simultaneously acid and basic residues. Here, we investigate the effects of the pH solution on MP1 (IDWKKLLDAAKQIL-NH2) adsorption to anionic (7POPC:3POPG) lipid vesicles in comparison to its analog H-MP1, with histidines substituting lysines. We used the association of adsorption isotherms and constant pH molecular dynamic simulations (CpHMD) to explore the effects of membrane potential and pH on peptides' adsorption on this lipid membrane. We analyzed the fluorescence and zeta potential adsorption isotherms using the Gouy-Chapman theory. In CpHMD simulations for the peptides in solution and adsorbed on the lipid bilayer, we used the conformations obtained by conventional MD simulations at a μs timescale. Non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations provided the protonation states of acidic and basic residues. CpHMD showed average pKa shifts of two to three units, resulting in a higher net charge for the analog than for MP1, strongly modulating the peptide adsorption. The fractions of the protonation of acidic and basic residues and the peptides' net charges obtained from the analysis of the adsorption isotherms were in reasonable agreement with those from CpHMD. MP1 adsorption was almost insensitive to solution pH. H-MP1 was much more sensitive to partitioning, at acidic pH, with an affinity ten times higher than in neutral ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane dos Santos Alvares
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
| | - Ingrid Bernardes Santana Martins
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
| | - Taisa Giordano Viegas
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Basic and Applied Biology, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Rio Claro 13506-752, SP, Brazil;
| | - Alexandre Suman de Araujo
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
| | - Sidney Jurado de Carvalho
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
| | - João Ruggiero Neto
- IBILCE, Department of Physics, UNESP—São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil; (D.d.S.A.); (I.B.S.M.); (T.G.V.); (A.S.d.A.); (S.J.d.C.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Pirtskhalava M, Amstrong AA, Grigolava M, Chubinidze M, Alimbarashvili E, Vishnepolsky B, Gabrielian A, Rosenthal A, Hurt DE, Tartakovsky M. DBAASP v3: database of antimicrobial/cytotoxic activity and structure of peptides as a resource for development of new therapeutics. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D288-D297. [PMID: 33151284 PMCID: PMC7778994 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Database of Antimicrobial Activity and Structure of Peptides (DBAASP) is an open-access, comprehensive database containing information on amino acid sequences, chemical modifications, 3D structures, bioactivities and toxicities of peptides that possess antimicrobial properties. DBAASP is updated continuously, and at present, version 3.0 (DBAASP v3) contains >15 700 entries (8000 more than the previous version), including >14 500 monomers and nearly 400 homo- and hetero-multimers. Of the monomeric antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), >12 000 are synthetic, about 2700 are ribosomally synthesized, and about 170 are non-ribosomally synthesized. Approximately 3/4 of the entries were added after the initial release of the database in 2014 reflecting the recent sharp increase in interest in AMPs. Despite the increased interest, adoption of peptide antimicrobials in clinical practice is still limited as a consequence of several factors including side effects, problems with bioavailability and high production costs. To assist in developing and optimizing de novo peptides with desired biological activities, DBAASP offers several tools including a sophisticated multifactor analysis of relevant physicochemical properties. Furthermore, DBAASP has implemented a structure modelling pipeline that automates the setup, execution and upload of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of database peptides. At present, >3200 peptides have been populated with MD trajectories and related analyses that are both viewable within the web browser and available for download. More than 400 DBAASP entries also have links to experimentally determined structures in the Protein Data Bank. DBAASP v3 is freely accessible at http://dbaasp.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Pirtskhalava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Anthony A Amstrong
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maia Grigolava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Mindia Chubinidze
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | | | - Boris Vishnepolsky
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Andrei Gabrielian
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darrell E Hurt
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Tartakovsky
- Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Nielsen JE, Prévost SF, Jenssen H, Lund R. Impact of antimicrobial peptides on E. coli-mimicking lipid model membranes: correlating structural and dynamic effects using scattering methods. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:203-217. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using X-rays and neutrons we address the effect of AMPs on structure and dynamics of lipids in bacterial model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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10
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Figainin 1, a Novel Amphibian Skin Peptide with Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090625. [PMID: 32967114 PMCID: PMC7559428 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin secretions are abundant in bioactive compounds, especially antimicrobial peptides. These molecules are generally cationic and rich in hydrophobic amino acids, have an amphipathic structure and adopt an α-helical conformation when in contact with microorganisms membranes. In this work, we purified and characterized Figainin 1, a novel antimicrobial and antiproliferative peptide from the cutaneous secretion of the frog Boana raniceps. Figainin 1 is a cationic peptide with eighteen amino acid residues—rich in leucine and isoleucine, with an amidated C-terminus—and adopts an α-helical conformation in the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE). It displayed activity against Gram-negative and especially Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 µM, and showed an IC50 value of 15.9 µM against epimastigote forms of T. cruzi; however, Figanin 1 did not show activity against Candida species. This peptide also showed cytolytic effects against human erythrocytes with an HC50 of 10 µM, in addition to antiproliferative activity against cancer cells and murine fibroblasts, with IC50 values ranging from 10.5 to 13.7 µM. Despite its adverse effects on noncancerous cells, Figainin 1 exhibits interesting properties for the development of new anticancer agents and anti-infective drugs against pathogenic microorganisms.
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11
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Chiroptical Properties and Conformation of Four Lasiocepsin-Related Antimicrobial Peptides: Structural Role of Disulfide Bridges. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an investigation of the role of disulfide bridges in the 27-residue antimicrobial peptide lasiocepsin (I) containing two disulfide groups (Cys8–Cys25, Cys17–Cys27) and three its analogs lacking one (II, III) or both (IV) native disulfides. Selective alternate incorporation of one or both disulfide bridges influences symmetry, conformation and biological properties of these peptides as demonstrated in their chiroptical (particularly Raman) properties. The effect of modifying the disulfide bridge pattern on the peptide secondary structure is investigated in water and in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate. A combination of experimental electronic and vibrational chiroptical data shows that both disulfide groups are necessary for stabilizing lasiocepsin secondary structure. While the Cys8–Cys25 disulfide group is important for sustaining lasiocepsin tertiary structure and maintaining its biological activity, the Cys17–Cys27 disulfide bridge has a supporting function consisting in reducing peptide flexibility.
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12
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Biswas K, Ilyas H, Datta A, Bhunia A. NMR Assisted Antimicrobial Peptide Designing: Structure Based Modifications and Functional Correlation of a Designed Peptide VG16KRKP. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1387-1404. [PMID: 31232231 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624090817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), within their realm incorporate a diverse group of structurally and functionally varied peptides, playing crucial roles in innate immunity. Over the last few decades, the field of AMP has seen a huge upsurge, mainly owing to the generation of the so-called drug resistant 'superbugs' as well as limitations associated with the existing antimicrobial agents. Due to their resilient biological properties, AMPs can very well form the sustainable alternative for nextgeneration therapeutic agents. Certain drawbacks associated with existing AMPs are, however, issues of major concern, circumventing which are imperative. These limitations mainly include proteolytic cleavage and hence poor stability inside the biological systems, reduced activity due to inadequate interaction with the microbial membrane, and ineffectiveness because of inappropriate delivery among others. In this context, the application of naturally occurring AMPs as an efficient prototype for generating various synthetic and designed counterparts has evolved as a new avenue in peptide-based therapy. Such designing approaches help to overcome the drawbacks of the parent AMPs while retaining the inherent activity. In this review, we summarize some of the basic NMR structure based approaches and techniques which aid in improving the activity of AMPs, using the example of a 16-residue dengue virus fusion protein derived peptide, VG16KRKP. Using first principle based designing technique and high resolution NMR-based structure characterization we validate different types of modifications of VG16KRKP, highlighting key motifs, which optimize its activity. The approaches and designing techniques presented can support our peers in their drug development work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Biswas
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Humaira Ilyas
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Aritreyee Datta
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII(M), Kolkata 700054, India
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13
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Interaction of the Anti-Proliferative GPER Inverse Agonist ERα17p with the Breast Cancer Cell Plasma Membrane: From Biophysics to Biology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020447. [PMID: 32075246 PMCID: PMC7072814 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide ERα17p, which corresponds to the 295-311 fragment of the hinge/AF2 domains of the human estrogen receptor α (ERα), exerts apoptosis in breast cancer cells through a mechanism involving the G protein-coupled estrogen-dependent receptor GPER. Besides this receptor-mediated mechanism, we have detected a direct interaction (Kd value in the micromolar range) of this peptide with lipid vesicles mimicking the plasma membrane of eukaryotes. The reversible and not reversible pools of interacting peptide may correspond to soluble and aggregated membrane-interacting peptide populations, respectively. By using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, we have shown that the interaction of the peptide with this membrane model was associated with its folding into β sheet. A slight leakage of the 5(6)-fluorescein was also observed, indicating lipid bilayer permeability. When the peptide was incubated with living breast cancer cells at the active concentration of 10 μM, aggregates were detected at the plasma membrane under the form of spheres. This insoluble pool of peptide, which seems to result from a fibrillation process, is internalized in micrometric vacuoles under the form of fibrils, without evidence of cytotoxicity, at least at the microscopic level. This study provides new information on the interaction of ERα17p with breast cancer cell membranes as well as on its mechanism of action, with respect to direct membrane effects.
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14
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Blood Compatibility-An Important but Often Forgotten Aspect of the Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides for Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215426. [PMID: 31683553 PMCID: PMC6862080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylation of antimicrobial peptides mimics the structure of the natural lipopeptide polymyxin B, and increases antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing activities. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin-based LF11 peptides as well as blood compatibility as a function of acyl chain length were investigated. Beyond the classical hemolysis test, the biocompatibility was determined with human leukocytes and platelets, and the influence of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on the plasmatic coagulation and the complement system was investigated. The results of this study show that the acylation of cationic peptides significantly reduces blood tolerance. With increasing acyl chain length, the cytotoxicity of LF11 peptides to human blood cells also increased. This study also shows that acylated cationic antimicrobial peptides are inactivated by the presence of heparin. In addition, it could be shown that the immobilization of LF11 peptides leads to a loss of their antimicrobial properties.
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15
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Interaction of SNARE Mimetic Peptides with Lipid bilayers: Effects of Secondary Structure, Bilayer Composition and Lipid Anchoring. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7708. [PMID: 31118479 PMCID: PMC6531448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil forming peptides 'K' enriched in lysine and 'E' enriched in glutamic acid have been used as a minimal SNARE mimetic system for membrane fusion. Here we describe atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the interactions of these peptides with lipid bilayers for two different compositions. For neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) bilayers the peptides experience a strong repulsive barrier against adsorption, also observed in potential of mean force (PMF) profiles calculated with umbrella sampling. For peptide K, a minimum of -12 kBT in the PMF provides an upper bound for the binding free energy whereas no stable membrane bound state could be observed for peptide E. In contrast, the electrostatic interactions with negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids lead to fast adsorption of both peptides at the head-water interface. Experimental data using fluorescently labeled peptides confirm the stronger binding to PG containing bilayers. Lipid anchors have little effect on the peptide-bilayer interactions or peptide structure, when the peptide also binds to the bilayer in the absence of a lipid anchor. For peptide E, which does not bind to the PC bilayer without a lipid anchor, the presence of such an anchor strengthens the electrostatic interactions between the charged side chains and the zwitterionic head-groups and leads to a stabilization of the peptide's helical fold by the membrane.
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16
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Mercurio FA, Scaloni A, Caira S, Leone M. The antimicrobial peptides casocidins I and II: Solution structural studies in water and different membrane-mimetic environments. Peptides 2019; 114:50-58. [PMID: 30243923 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent crucial components of the natural immune defense machinery of different organisms. Generally, they are short and positively charged, and bind to and destabilize bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, ultimately leading to cell death. Natural proteolytic cleavage of αs2-casein in bovine milk generates the antimicrobial peptides casocidin I and II. In the current study, we report for the first time on a detailed structure characterization of casocidins in solution by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Structural studies were conducted in H2O and different membrane mimetic environments, including 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and lipid anionic and zwitterionic vesicles. For both peptides, results indicate a mainly disordered conformation in H2O, with a few residues in a partial helical structure. No wide increase of order occurs upon interaction with lipid vesicles. Conversely, peptide conformation becomes highly ordered in presence of TFE, with both casocidins presenting a large helical content. Our data point out a preference of casocidins to interact with model anionic membranes. These results are compatible with possible mechanisms of action underlying the antimicrobial activity of casocidins that ultimately may affect membrane bilayer stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council & Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council & Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Interaction of Halictine-Related Antimicrobial Peptides with Membrane Models. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030631. [PMID: 30717183 PMCID: PMC6387077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated structural changes of peptides related to antimicrobial peptide Halictine-1 (HAL-1) induced by interaction with various membrane-mimicking models with the aim to identify a mechanism of the peptide mode of action and to find a correlation between changes of primary/secondary structure and biological activity. Modifications in the HAL-1 amino acid sequence at particular positions, causing an increase of amphipathicity (Arg/Lys exchange), restricted mobility (insertion of Pro) and consequent changes in antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, led to different behavior towards model membranes. Secondary structure changes induced by peptide-membrane interaction were studied by circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results were complemented by molecular dynamics calculations. An α-helical structure has been found to be necessary but not completely sufficient for the HAL-1 peptides antimicrobial action. The role of alternative conformations (such as β-sheet, PPII or 310-helix) also seems to be important. A mechanism of the peptide mode of action probably involves formation of peptide assemblies (possibly membrane pores), which disrupt bacterial membrane and, consequently, allow membrane penetration.
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18
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Kohut G, Sieradzan A, Zsila F, Juhász T, Bősze S, Liwo A, Samsonov SA, Beke-Somfai T. The molecular mechanism of structural changes in the antimicrobial peptide CM15 upon complex formation with drug molecule suramin: a computational analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10644-10659. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00471h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of helical conformations of CM15 upon interactions with suramin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kohut
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Eötvös Loránd University
- H-1518 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | | | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
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19
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Catte A, Wilson MR, Walker M, Oganesyan VS. Antimicrobial action of the cationic peptide, chrysophsin-3: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2796-2807. [PMID: 29595197 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic proteins that are able to destabilize a lipid bilayer structure through one or more modes of action. In this study, we investigate the processes of peptide aggregation and pore formation in lipid bilayers and vesicles by the highly cationic AMP, Chrysophsin-3 (chrys-3), using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations and potential of mean force calculations. We study long 50 μs simulations of chrys-3 at different concentrations, both at the surface of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers, and also interacting within the interior of the lipid membrane. We show that aggregation of peptides at the surface, leads to pronounced deformation of lipid bilayers, leading in turn to lipid protrusions for peptide : ligand ratios > 1 : 12. In addition, aggregation of chrys-3 peptides within the centre of a lipid bilayer leads to spontaneous formation of pores and aggregates. Both mechanisms of interaction are consistent with previously reported experimental data for chrys-3. Similar results are observed also in POPC vesicles and mixed lipid bilayers composed of the zwitterionic lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and the negatively charged lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). The latter are employed as models of the bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catte
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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20
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Kumar P, Kizhakkedathu JN, Straus SK. Antimicrobial Peptides: Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility In Vivo. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E4. [PMID: 29351202 PMCID: PMC5871973 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is projected as one of the greatest threats to human health in the future and hence alternatives are being explored to combat resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown great promise, because use of AMPs leads bacteria to develop no or low resistance. In this review, we discuss the diversity, history and the various mechanisms of action of AMPs. Although many AMPs have reached clinical trials, to date not many have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to issues with toxicity, protease cleavage and short half-life. Some of the recent strategies developed to improve the activity and biocompatibility of AMPs, such as chemical modifications and the use of delivery systems, are also reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Centre for Blood Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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21
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Ciumac D, Campbell RA, Clifton LA, Xu H, Fragneto G, Lu JR. Influence of Acyl Chain Saturation on the Membrane-Binding Activity of a Short Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7482-7492. [PMID: 30023555 PMCID: PMC6044940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different bacterial types and their living environments can lead to different saturations in the chains of their membrane lipids. Such structural differences may influence the efficacy of antibiotics that target bacterial membranes. In this work, the effects of acyl chain saturation on the binding of an antimicrobial peptide G4 have been examined as a function of the packing density of lipid monolayers by combining external reflection Fourier transform infrared (ER-FTIR) spectroscopy and neutron reflection (NR) measurements. Langmuir monolayers were formed from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DPPG) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (POPG), respectively, with the initial surface pressures controlled at 8 and 28 mN/m. A reduction in the order of the acyl chains associated with the increase in the layer thickness upon G4 binding was revealed from ER-FTIR spectroscopy, with peptide binding reaching equilibration faster in POPG than in DPPG monolayers. Whereas the dynamic DPPG-binding process displayed a steady increase in the amide I band area, the POPG-binding process showed little change in the amide area after the initial period. The peptide amide I area from ER-FTIR spectroscopy could be linearly correlated with the adsorbed G4 amount from NR, irrespective of time, initial pressure, or chain saturation, with clearly more peptide incorporated into the DPPG monolayer. Furthermore, NR revealed that although the peptide was associated with both POPG and DPPG lipid monolayers, it was more extensively distributed in the latter, showing that acyl chain saturation clearly promoted peptide binding and structural disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ciumac
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Richard A. Campbell
- Institute
of Laue Langevin, 71
Avenue des Martyrs, CS-20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hai Xu
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China
University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institute
of Laue Langevin, 71
Avenue des Martyrs, CS-20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- E-mail: . Phone: +44 161 2003926 (J.R.L.)
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22
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Wu X, Wei PH, Zhu X, Wirth MJ, Bhunia A, Narsimhan G. Effect of immobilization on the antimicrobial activity of a cysteine-terminated antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1 tethered to silica nanoparticle against E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:305-312. [PMID: 28544962 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane, form pores which eventually lead to cell death. Immobilization of AMP on nanoparticles can play a major role in antimicrobial materials, biosensors for pathogen detection and in food safety. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of free Cecropin P1 (CP1, sequence SWLSTAKKLENSAKKRLSEGIAIAIQGGPR) and adsorbed on silica nanoparticle against E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 were 0.78μg/ml. This was found to be consistent with preservation of α-helical secondary structure of CP1 upon adsorption as indicated by circular dichroism (CD). Cysteine-terminus modified Cecropin P1 (CP1C, sequence SWLSTAKKLENSAKKRLSEGIAIAIQGGPRC) was chemically immobilized onto silica nanoparticles with maleimide-PEG-NHS ester cross-linkers of different PEG chain lengths. The antimicrobial activity of CP1C in solution and adsorbed on silica nanoparticles against E. coli O157:H7 EDL933 were found to be the same as those for CP1. However, tethered CP1C exhibited much higher MIC of 24.38, 37.55 and 109.82μg/ml for (PEG)20, (PEG)6 and (PEG)2 linkers respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CP1C tethered to silica nanoparticles with (PEG)20 linker was found to be lower for lower surface coverage with MIC values being 86.06, 36.89, 24.38 and 17.84μg/ml for surface coverage of 12.3%, 24.4%, 52.8% and 83.8% respectively. All atom MD simulation of 1:3 DOPG/DOPC mixed membrane interacting with free and PEGlyated CP1C indicated that presence of PEG linker prevented CP1C from interacting with the bilayer which may explain the loss of antimicrobial activity of tethered CP1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Pei-Hsun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Research Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Mary J Wirth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Arun Bhunia
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ganesan Narsimhan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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23
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Lee MW, Han M, Bossa GV, Snell C, Song Z, Tang H, Yin L, Cheng J, May S, Luijten E, Wong GCL. Interactions between Membranes and "Metaphilic" Polypeptide Architectures with Diverse Side-Chain Populations. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2858-2871. [PMID: 28212487 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
At physiological conditions, most proteins or peptides can fold into relatively stable structures that present on their molecular surfaces specific chemical patterns partially smeared out by thermal fluctuations. These nanoscopically defined patterns of charge, hydrogen bonding, and/or hydrophobicity, along with their elasticity and shape stability (folded proteins have Young's moduli of ∼1 × 108 Pa), largely determine and limit the interactions of these molecules, such as molecular recognition and allosteric regulation. In this work, we show that the membrane-permeating activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be significantly enhanced using prototypical peptides with "molten" surfaces: metaphilic peptides with quasi-liquid surfaces and adaptable shapes. These metaphilic peptides have a bottlebrush-like architecture consisting of a rigid helical core decorated with mobile side chains that are terminated by cationic or hydrophobic groups. Computer simulations show that these flexible side chains can undergo significant rearrangement in response to different environments, giving rise to adaptable surface chemistry of the peptide. This quality makes it possible to control their hydrophobicity over a broad range while maintaining water solubility, unlike many AMPs and CPPs. Thus, we are able to show how the activity of these peptides is amplified by hydrophobicity and cationic charge, and rationalize these results using a quantitative mean-field theory. Computer simulations show that the shape-changing properties of the peptides and the resultant adaptive presentation of chemistry play a key enabling role in their interactions with membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Volpe Bossa
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Carly Snell
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sylvio May
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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24
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Li J, Hu Z, Beuerman R, Verma C. Molecular Environment Modulates Conformational Differences between Crystal and Solution States of Human β-Defensin 2. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2739-2747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, #06-00, Singapore 168751
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*-STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Zhongqiao Hu
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*-STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Roger Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, #06-00, Singapore 168751
- Department
of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074
- School of
Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Chandra Verma
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, #06-00, Singapore 168751
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*-STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Korytowski A, Abuillan W, Amadei F, Makky A, Gumiero A, Sinning I, Gauss A, Stremmel W, Tanaka M. Accumulation of phosphatidylcholine on gut mucosal surface is not dominated by electrostatic interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:959-965. [PMID: 28212861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the intestinal mucus layer is crucial for the protection of colon epithelia from the bacterial attack. It has been reported that the depletion of PC is a distinct feature of ulcerative colitis. Here we addressed the question how PC interacts with its binding proteins, the mucins, which may establish the hydrophobic barrier against colonic microbiota. In the first step, the interactions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) with two mucin preparations from porcine stomach, have been studied using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, and Langmuir isotherms, suggesting that mucin binds to the surface of DOPC vesicles. The enthalpy of mucin-PC interaction could be determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. The high affinity to PC found for both mucin types seems reasonable, as they mainly consist of mucin 2, a major constituent of the flowing mucus. Moreover, by the systematic variation of net charges, we concluded that the zwitterionic DOPC has the strongest binding affinity that cannot be explained within the electrostatic interactions between charged molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Korytowski
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wasim Abuillan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Amadei
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Makky
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Gumiero
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan.
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26
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Kocourková L, Novotná P, Čujová S, Čeřovský V, Urbanová M, Setnička V. Conformational study of melectin and antapin antimicrobial peptides in model membrane environments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:247-255. [PMID: 27450123 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have long been considered as promising compounds against drug-resistant pathogens. In this work, we studied the secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides melectin and antapin using electronic (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopies that are sensitive to peptide secondary structures. The results from quantitative ECD spectral evaluation by Dichroweb and CDNN program and from the qualitative evaluation of the VCD spectra were compared. The antimicrobial activity of the selected peptides depends on their ability to adopt an amphipathic α-helical conformation on the surface of the bacterial membrane. Hence, solutions of different zwitterionic and negatively charged liposomes and micelles were used to mimic the eukaryotic and bacterial biological membranes. The results show a significant content of α-helical conformation in the solutions of negatively charged liposomes mimicking the bacterial membrane, thus correlating with the antimicrobial activity of the studied peptides. On the other hand in the solutions of zwitterionic liposomes used as models of the eukaryotic membranes, the fraction of α-helical conformation was lower, which corresponds with their moderate hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kocourková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Novotná
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sabína Čujová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čeřovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Urbanová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Combined Systems Approaches Reveal a Multistage Mode of Action of a Marine Antimicrobial Peptide against Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Its Protective Effect against Bacterial Peritonitis and Endotoxemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 61:AAC.01056-16. [PMID: 27795369 PMCID: PMC5192121 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01056-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A marine arenicin-3 derivative, N4, displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but its antibacterial mode of action remains elusive. The mechanism of action of N4 against pathogenic Escherichia coli was first researched by combined cytological and transcriptomic techniques in this study. The N4 peptide permeabilized the outer membrane within 1 min, disrupted the plasma membrane after 0.5 h, and localized in the cytoplasm within 5 min. Gel retardation and circular dichroism (CD) spectrum analyses demonstrated that N4 bound specifically to DNA and disrupted the DNA conformation from the B type to the C type. N4 inhibited 21.1% of the DNA and 20.6% of the RNA synthesis within 15 min. Several hallmarks of apoptosis-like cell death were exhibited by N4-induced E. coli, such as cell cycle arrest in the replication (R) and division(D) phases, reactive oxygen species production, depolarization of the plasma membrane potential, and chromatin condensation within 0.5 h. Deformed cell morphology, disappearance of the plasma membrane, leakage of the contents, and ghost cell formation were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, and nearly 100% of the bacteria were killed by N4. A total of 428 to 663 differentially expressed genes are involved in the response to N4, which are associated mainly with membrane biogenesis (53.9% to 56.7%) and DNA binding (13.3% to 14.9%). N4-protected mice that were lethally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited reduced levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum and protected the lungs from LPS-induced injury. These data facilitate an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of marine antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against Gram-negative bacteria and provide guidelines in developing and applying novel multitarget AMPs in the field of unlimited marine resources as therapeutics.
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28
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Kostritskii AY, Kondinskaia DA, Nesterenko AM, Gurtovenko AA. Adsorption of Synthetic Cationic Polymers on Model Phospholipid Membranes: Insight from Atomic-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10402-10414. [PMID: 27642663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although synthetic cationic polymers represent a promising class of effective antibacterial agents, the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity remain poorly understood. To this end, we employ atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulations to explore adsorption of several linear cationic polymers of different chemical structure and protonation (polyallylamine (PAA), polyethylenimine (PEI), polyvinylamine (PVA), and poly-l-lysine (PLL)) on model bacterial membranes (4:1 mixture of zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids). Overall, our findings show that binding of polycations to the anionic membrane surface effectively neutralizes its charge, leading to the reorientation of water molecules close to the lipid/water interface and to the partial release of counterions to the water phase. In certain cases, one has even an overcharging of the membrane, which was shown to be a cooperative effect of polymer charges and lipid counterions. Protonated amine groups of polycations are found to interact preferably with head groups of anionic lipids, giving rise to formation of hydrogen bonds and to a noticeable lateral immobilization of the lipids. While all the above findings are mostly defined by the overall charge of a polymer, we found that the polymer architecture also matters. In particular, PVA and PEI are able to accumulate anionic PG lipids on the membrane surface, leading to lipid segregation. In turn, PLL whose charge twice exceeds charges of PVA/PEI does not induce such lipid segregation due to its considerably less compact architecture and relatively long side chains. We also show that partitioning of a polycation into the lipid/water interface is an interplay between its protonation level (the overall charge) and hydrophobicity of the backbone. Therefore, a possible strategy in creating highly efficient antimicrobial polymeric agents could be in tuning these polycation's properties through proper combination of protonated and hydrophobic blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Yu Kostritskii
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Diana A Kondinskaia
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
| | - Alexey M Nesterenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrey A Gurtovenko
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya str. 3, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg 198504 Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , Bolshoi Prospect V.O. 31, St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
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29
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Robison AD, Sun S, Poyton MF, Johnson GA, Pellois JP, Jungwirth P, Vazdar M, Cremer PS. Polyarginine Interacts More Strongly and Cooperatively than Polylysine with Phospholipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9287-96. [PMID: 27571288 PMCID: PMC5912336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of two highly positively charged short peptide sequences with negatively charged lipid bilayers were explored by fluorescence binding assays and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The bilayers consisted of mixtures of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids as well as a fluorescence probe that was sensitive to the interfacial potential. The first peptide contained nine arginine repeats (Arg9), and the second one had nine lysine repeats (Lys9). The experimentally determined apparent dissociation constants and Hill cooperativity coefficients demonstrated that the Arg9 peptides exhibited weakly anticooperative binding behavior at the bilayer interface at lower PG concentrations, but this anticooperative effect vanished once the bilayers contained at least 20 mol % PG. By contrast, Lys9 peptides showed strongly anticooperative binding behavior at all PG concentrations, and the dissociation constants with Lys9 were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than with Arg9. Moreover, only arginine-rich peptides could bind to the phospholipid bilayers containing just PC lipids. These results along with the corresponding molecular dynamics simulations suggested two important distinctions between the behavior of Arg9 and Lys9 that led to these striking differences in binding and cooperativity. First, the interactions of the guanidinium moieties on the Arg side chains with the phospholipid head groups were stronger than for the amino group. This helped facilitate stronger Arg9 binding at all PG concentrations that were tested. However, at PG concentrations of 20 mol % or greater, the Arg9 peptides came into sufficiently close proximity with each other so that favorable like-charge pairing between the guanidinium moieties could just offset the long-range electrostatic repulsions. This led to Arg9 aggregation at the bilayer surface. By contrast, Lys9 molecules experienced electrostatic repulsion from each other at all PG concentrations. These insights may help explain the propensity for cell penetrating peptides containing arginine to more effectively cross cell membranes in comparison with lysine-rich peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute , P.O.B. 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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30
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Vibrational and electronic circular dichroism as powerful tools for the conformational analysis of cationic antimicrobial peptides. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Hädicke A, Blume A. Binding of cationic peptides (KX) 4 K to DPPG bilayers. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the uncharged amino acid X drives formation of membrane bound β-sheets: A DSC and FT-IR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Combined Bioinformatic and Rational Design Approach To Develop Antimicrobial Peptides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2757-64. [PMID: 26902758 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00940-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogens are a growing problem, and novel strategies are needed to combat this threat. Among the most significant of these resistant pathogens is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is an unusually difficult microbial target due to its complex membrane. Here, we design peptides for specific activity against M. tuberculosis using a combination of "database filtering" bioinformatics, protein engineering, and de novo design. Several variants of these peptides are structurally characterized to validate the design process. The designed peptides exhibit potent activity (MIC values as low as 4 μM) against M. tuberculosis and also exhibit broad activity against a host of other clinically relevant pathogenic bacteria such as Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). They also display excellent selectivity, with low cytotoxicity against cultured macrophages and lung epithelial cells. These first-generation antimicrobial peptides serve as a platform for the design of antibiotics and for investigating structure-activity relationships in the context of the M. tuberculosis membrane. The antimicrobial peptide design strategy is expected to be generalizable for any pathogen for which an activity database can be created.
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33
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Characterization of antimicrobial activity against Listeria and cytotoxicity of native melittin and its mutant variants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:194-205. [PMID: 27011349 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are relatively short peptides that have the ability to penetrate the cell membrane, form pores leading to cell death. This study compares both antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of native melittin and its two mutants, namely, melittin I17K (GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALKSWIKRKRQQ) with a higher charge and lower hydrophobicity and mutant G1I (IIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ) of higher hydrophobicity. The antimicrobial activity against different strains of Listeria was investigated by bioassay, viability studies, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay on mammalian Caco-2 cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration of native, mutant I17K, mutant G1I against Listeria monocytogenes F4244 was 0.315±0.008, 0.814±0.006 and 0.494±0.037μg/ml respectively, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration values were 3.263±0.0034, 7.412±0.017 and 5.366±0.019μg/ml respectively. Lag time for inactivation of L. monocytogenes F4244 was observed at concentrations below 0.20 and 0.78μg/ml for native and mutant melittin I17K respectively. The antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes F4244 was in the order native>G1I>I17K. Native melittin was cytotoxic to mammalian Caco-2 cells above concentration of 2μg/ml, whereas the two mutants exhibited negligible cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 8μg/ml. Pore formation in cell wall/membrane was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of native and its mutants indicated that (i) surface native melittin and G1I exhibited higher tendency to penetrate a mimic of bacterial cell membrane and (ii) transmembrane native and I17K formed water channel in mimics of bacterial and mammalian cell membranes.
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34
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The interfacial properties of the peptide Polybia-MP1 and its interaction with DPPC are modulated by lateral electrostatic attractions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Bobroff V, Rubio C, Vigier V, Petibois C. FTIR spectroscopy characterization of fatty-acyl-chain conjugates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:319-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Jeon D, Jeong MC, Kim JK, Jeong KW, Ko YJ, Kim Y. Structure-Activity Relationship of the N-terminal Helix Analog of Papiliocin, PapN. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2015.19.2.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Hiss JA, Stutz K, Posselt G, Weßler S, Schneider G. Attractors in Sequence Space: Peptide Morphing by Directed Simulated Evolution. Mol Inform 2015; 34:709-714. [PMID: 26779290 PMCID: PMC4712357 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201500089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Hiss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Stutz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silja Weßler
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Billroth Str. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Synthesis of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-grafted chitosan under γ-ray irradiation for alamethicin assembly. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Lee E, Kim JK, Jeon D, Jeong KW, Shin A, Kim Y. Functional Roles of Aromatic Residues and Helices of Papiliocin in its Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12048. [PMID: 26156126 PMCID: PMC4496781 DOI: 10.1038/srep12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A cecropin-like peptide, papiliocin, isolated from the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus, possesses high selectivity against gram-negative bacteria. Since Trp(2) and Phe(5) are highly conserved residues in cecropin-like peptides, we investigated the role of Trp(2) and Phe(5) in antibacterial activity. Substitution of Trp(2) and Phe(5) in papiliocin with Ala (papiliocin-2A and papiliocin-5A) revealed that Trp(2) is a key residue in its antibacterial activities. In order to understand the structural requirements for papiliocin function and to design shorter, but more potent, peptide antibiotics, we designed papiliocin constructs, PapN (residues Arg(1)-Ala(22) from the N-terminal amphipathic helix). PapN exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities without cytotoxicity. Bactericidal kinetics of peptides against E.coli showed that papiliocin completely and rapidly killed E.coli in less than 10 minutes at 2× MIC concentration, while papiliocin-2A and papiliocin-5A killed four times more slowly than papiliocin. The PapN series peptides permeabilized bacterial membranes less effectively than papiliocin, showing no antibacterial activities in an hour. The results imply that the Trp(2) and Phe(5) in the amphipathic N-terminal helix are important in the rapid permeabilization of the gram-negative bacterial membrane. The hydrophobic C-terminal residues permeabilize the hydrophobic bacterial cell membrane synergistically with these aromatic residues, providing selectivity against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Areum Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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40
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Lyu Y, Zhu X, Xiang N, Narsimhan G. Molecular Dynamics Study of Pore Formation by Melittin in a 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-Di(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) Mixed Lipid Bilayer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lyu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and ‡Research Computing,
Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and ‡Research Computing,
Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ning Xiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and ‡Research Computing,
Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ganesan Narsimhan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and ‡Research Computing,
Rosen Center for Advanced Computing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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41
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Shin A, Lee E, Jeon D, Park YG, Bang JK, Park YS, Shin SY, Kim Y. Peptoid-Substituted Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Papiliocin and Magainin 2 with Enhanced Bacterial Selectivity and Anti-inflammatory Activity. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3921-31. [PMID: 26053120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host innate immune system. Papiliocin is a 37-residue AMP purified from larvae of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. Magainin 2 is a 23-residue AMP purified from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. We designed an 18-residue hybrid peptide (PapMA) incorporating N-terminal residues 1-8 of papiliocin and N-terminal residues 4-12 of magainin 2, joined by a proline (Pro) hinge. PapMA showed high antimicrobial activity but was cytotoxic to mammalian cells. To decrease PapMA cytotoxicity, we designed a lysine (Lys) peptoid analogue, PapMA-k, which retained high antimicrobial activity but displayed cytotoxicity lower than that of PapMA. Fluorescent dye leakage experiments and confocal microscopy showed that PapMA targeted bacterial cell membranes whereas PapMA-k penetrated bacterial cell membranes. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments revealed that PapMA contained an N-terminal α-helix from Lys(3) to Lys(7) and a C-terminal α-helix from Lys(10) to Lys(17), with a Pro(9) hinge between them. PapMA-k also had two α-helical structures in the same region connected with a flexible hinge residue at Nlys(9), which existed in a dynamic equilibrium of cis and trans conformers. Using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, the anti-inflammatory activity of PapMA and PapMA-k was confirmed by inhibition of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, treatment with PapMA and PapMA-k decreased the level of ultraviolet irradiation-induced expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Thus, PapMA and PapMA-k are potent peptide antibiotics with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, with PapMA-k displaying enhanced bacterial selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Shin
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Dasom Jeon
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young-Guen Park
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- ‡Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Park
- §Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- ∥Department of Bio-Materials, Graduate School, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- †Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Xie J, Gou Y, Zhao Q, Li S, Zhang W, Song J, Mou L, Li J, Wang K, Zhang B, Yang W, Wang R. Antimicrobial activities and action mechanism studies of transportan 10 and its analogues against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:599-607. [PMID: 25891396 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increased emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is perceived as a critical public health threat, creating an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antimicrobials. Cell-penetrating peptides that share common features with antimicrobial peptides have been found to have antimicrobial activity and are currently being considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Transportan 10 is a chimeric cell-penetrating peptide that has been reported to transport biologically relevant cargoes into mammalian cells and cause damage to microbial membranes. In this study, we designed a series of TP10 analogues and studied their structure-activity relationships. We first evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are responsible for most nosocomial infections. Our results showed that several of these compounds had potent antimicrobial and biofilm-inhibiting activities. We also measured the toxicity of these compounds, finding that Lys substitution could increase the antimicrobial activity but significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity. Pro introduction could reduce the cytotoxicity but disrupted the helical structure, resulting in a loss of activity. In the mechanistic studies, TP10 killed bacteria by membrane-active and DNA-binding activities. In conclusion, TP10 and its analogues could be developed into promising antibiotic candidates for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Mou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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43
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Krishnakumari V, Nagaraj R. N-Terminal fatty acylation of peptides spanning the cationic C-terminal segment of bovine β-defensin-2 results in salt-resistant antibacterial activity. Biophys Chem 2015; 199:25-33. [PMID: 25791057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides spanning the C-terminal segment of bovine-β-defensin-2 (BNBD-2) rich in cationic amino acids, show antimicrobial activity. However, they exhibit considerably reduced activity at physiological concentration of NaCl. In the present study, we have investigated whether N-terminal acylation (acetylation and palmitoylation) of these peptides would result in improved antimicrobial activity. N-terminal palmitoylation though increased hydrophobicity of the peptides, did not enhance antimicrobial potency. However, antibacterial activity of these peptides was not attenuated by NaCl. Biophysical studies on the palmitoylated peptides have indicated that antibacterial activity in the presence of NaCl arises due to the ability of the peptides to interact with membranes more effectively. These peptides showed hemolytic activity which was attenuated considerably in the presence of serum and lipid vesicles. In defensin related peptides, fatty acylation would be a convenient way to generate analogs that are active in the presence of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramakrishnan Nagaraj
- CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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44
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Lee E, Shin A, Jeong KW, Jin B, Jnawali HN, Shin S, Shin SY, Kim Y. Role of phenylalanine and valine10 residues in the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of piscidin-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114453. [PMID: 25473836 PMCID: PMC4256409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscidin-1 (Pis-1) is a linear antibacterial peptide derived from mast cells of aquacultured hybrid striped bass that comprises 22 amino acids with a phenylalanine-rich amino-terminus. Pis-1 exhibits potent antibacterial activity against pathogens but is not selective for distinguishing between bacterial and mammalian cells. To determine the key residues for its antibacterial activity and those for its cytotoxicity, we investigated the role of each Phe residue near the N-terminus as well as the Val10 residue located near the boundary of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic sectors of the helical wheel diagram. Fluorescence dye leakage and tryptophan fluorescence experiments were used to study peptide-lipid interactions, showing comparable depths of insertion of substituted peptides in different membranes. Phe2 was found to be the most deeply inserted phenylalanine in both bacterial- and mammalian-mimic membranes. Each Phe was substituted with Ala or Lys to investigate its functional role. Phe2 plays key roles in the cytotoxicity as well as the antibacterial activities of Pis-1, and Phe6 is essential for the antibacterial activities of Pis-1. We also designed and synthesized a piscidin analog, Pis-V10K, in which Lys was substituted for Val10, resulting in an elevated amphipathic α-helical structure. Pis-V10K showed similar antibacterial activity (average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.6 µM) to Pis-1 (average MIC = 1.5 µM). However, it exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than Pis-1. Lys10-substituted analogs, Pis-F1K/V10K, Pis-F2K/V10K, and Pis-F6K/V10K in which Lys was substituted for Phe retained antibacterial activity toward standard and drug-resistant bacterial strains with novel bacterial cell selectivity. They exert anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of nitric oxide production, TNF-α secretion, and MIP-1 and MIP-2 production. They may disrupt the binding of LPS to toll-like receptors, eventually suppressing MAPKs-mediated signaling pathways. These peptides may be good candidates for the development of peptide antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity but without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Areum Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongwhan Jin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hum Nath Jnawali
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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45
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Joshi T, Voo ZX, Graham B, Spiccia L, Martin LL. Real-time examination of aminoglycoside activity towards bacterial mimetic membranes using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:385-91. [PMID: 25450807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in multi-drug resistant bacteria has resulted in previously discontinued treatments being revisited. Aminoglycosides are effective "old" antibacterial agents that fall within this category. Despite extensive usage and understanding of their intracellular targets, there is limited mechanistic knowledge regarding how aminoglycosides penetrate bacterial membranes. Thus, the activity of two well-known aminoglycosides, kanamycin A and neomycin B, towards a bacterial mimetic membrane (DMPC:DMPG (4:1)) was examined using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The macroscopic effect of increasing the aminoglycoside concentration showed that kanamycin A exerts a threshold response, switching from binding to the membrane to disruption of the surface. Neomycin B, however, disrupted the membrane at all concentrations examined. At concentrations above the threshold value observed for kanamycin A, both aminoglycosides revealed similar mechanistic details. That is, they both inserted into the bacterial mimetic lipid bilayer, prior to disruption via loss of materials, presumably aminoglycoside-membrane composites. Depth profile analysis of this membrane interaction was achieved using the overtones of the quartz crystal sensor. The measured data is consistent with a two-stage process in which insertion of the aminoglycoside precedes the 'detergent-like' removal of membranes from the sensor. The results of this study contribute to the insight required for aminoglycosides to be reconsidered as active antimicrobial agents/co-agents by providing details of activity at the bacterial membrane. Kanamycin and neomycin still offer potential as antimicrobial therapeutics for the future and the QCM-D method illustrates great promise for screening new antibacterial or antiviral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhi Xiang Voo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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46
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Wang KF, Nagarajan R, Camesano TA. Differentiating antimicrobial peptides interacting with lipid bilayer: Molecular signatures derived from quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Biophys Chem 2014; 196:53-67. [PMID: 25307196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill bacteria by disrupting the lipid bilayer structure of their inner membrane. However, there is only limited quantitative information in the literature to differentiate between AMPs of differing molecular properties, in terms of how they interact with the membrane. In this study, we have used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to probe the interactions between a supported bilayer membrane of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and four structurally different AMPs: alamethicin, chrysophsin-3, indolicidin, and sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide (SMAP-29). Multiple signatures from the QCM-D measurements were extracted, differentiating the AMPs, that provide information on peptide addition to and lipid removal from the membrane, the dynamics of peptide-membrane interactions and the rates at which the peptide actions are initiated. The mechanistic variations in peptide action were related to the fundamental structural properties of the peptides including the hydrophobicity, hydrophobic moment, and the probability of α-helical secondary structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
| | - Ramanathan Nagarajan
- Molecular Sciences and Engineering Team, Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA 01760, United States.
| | - Terri A Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States
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47
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Antimicrobial peptides: their role as infection-selective tracers for molecular imaging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:867381. [PMID: 25243191 PMCID: PMC4163393 DOI: 10.1155/2014/867381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a heterogeneous class of compounds found in a variety of organisms including humans and, so far, hundreds of these structures have been isolated and characterised. They can be described as natural microbicide, selectively cytotoxic to bacteria, whilst showing minimal cytotoxicity towards the mammalian cells of the host organism. They act by their relatively strong electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged bacterial cells and a relatively weak interaction to the eukaryote host cells. The ability of these peptides to accumulate at sites of infection combined with the minimal host's cytotoxicity motivated for this review to highlight the role and the usefulness of AMPs for PET with emphasis on their mechanism of action and the different interactions with the bacterial cell. These details are key information for their selective properties. We also describe the strategy, design, and utilization of these peptides as potential radiopharmaceuticals as their combination with nuclear medicine modalities such as SPECT or PET would allow noninvasive whole-body examination for detection of occult infection causing, for example, fever of unknown origin.
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48
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Influence of Dimerization of Lipopeptide Laur-Orn-Orn-Cys-NH 2 and an N-terminal Peptide of Human Lactoferricin on Biological Activity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014; 21:39-46. [PMID: 25642159 PMCID: PMC4305368 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that is cleaved by pepsin to lactoferricin (LFcin). LFcin has an enhanced antimicrobial activity as compared to that of LF. Recently several hetero- and homodimeric antimicrobial peptides stabilized by a single disulfide bond linking linear polypeptide chains have been discovered. We have demonstrated that the S–S bond heterodimerization of lipopeptide Laur-Orn-Orn-Cys–NH2 (peptide III) and the synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferricin (peptide I) yields a dimer (peptide V), which is almost as microbiologically active as the more active monomer and at the same time it is much less toxic. Furthermore, it has been found that the S–S bond homodimerization of both peptide I and peptide III did not affect antimicrobial and haemolytic activity of the compounds. The homo- and heterodimerization of peptides I and III resulted in either reduction or loss of antifungal activity. This work suggests that heterodimerization of antimicrobial lipopeptides via intermolecular disulfide bond might be a powerful modification deserving consideration in the design of antimicrobial peptides.
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49
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Wang CQ, Yang CS, Yang Y, Pan F, He LY, Wang AM. An apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide with activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory effects. J Pept Sci 2014; 19:745-50. [PMID: 24243597 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides derived from the low-density lipoprotein receptor-binding region of apoE with both activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory effects have not previously been reported. We identified an apoE mimetic peptide analogue of the receptor-binding region of apoE (abbreviated as apoE23) with the sequence of LRKLRKRLVRLASHLRKLRKRLL, which exhibited high antibacterial effects. The minimal inhibitory concentration of apoE23 against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was 6 µg/ml. The antimicrobial activity of apoE23 depended on its amphipathic α-helical conformation. Moreover, apoE23 downregulated the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 cells. ApoE23 exhibits potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-qing Wang
- The Clinical Microbiology Lab, Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
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50
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de Souza Lopes JL, Hissa DC, Melo VMM, Beltramini LM. Interaction of antimicrobial peptide Plantaricin149a and four analogs with lipid bilayers and bacterial membranes. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1291-8. [PMID: 24688525 PMCID: PMC3958201 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The amidated analog of Plantaricin149, an antimicrobial peptide from Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 149, directly interacts with negatively charged liposomes and bacterial membranes, leading to their lysis. In this study, four Pln149-analogs were synthesized with different hydrophobic groups at their N-terminus with the goal of evaluating the effect of the modifications at this region in the peptide’s antimicrobial properties. The interaction of these peptides with membrane models, surface activity, their hemolytic effect on red blood cells, and antibacterial activity against microorganisms were evaluated. The analogs presented similar action of Plantaricin149a; three of them with no hemolytic effect (< 5%) until 0.5 mM, in addition to the induction of a helical element when binding to negative liposomes. The N-terminus difference between the analogs and Plantaricin149a retained the antibacterial effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for all peptides (MIC50 of 19 μM and 155 μM to Plantaricin149a, respectively) but resulted in a different mechanism of action against the microorganisms, that was bactericidal for Plantaricin149a and bacteriostatic for the analogs. This difference was confirmed by a reduction in leakage action for the analogs. The lytic activity of Plantaricin149a is suggested to be a result of the peptide-lipid interactions from the amphipathic helix and the hydrophobic residues at the N-terminus of the antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Souza Lopes
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leila Maria Beltramini
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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