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Tandel RS, Dash P, Hussain Bhat RA, Thakuria D, Sawant PB, Pandey N, Chandra S, Chadha NK. Anti-oomycetes and immunostimulatory activity of natural plant extract compounds against Saprolegnia spp.: Molecular docking and in-vitro studies. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:65-81. [PMID: 33895254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of five natural plant extract compounds Curcumin (CUR); Eugenol (EUG), Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), Stigmasterol (ST) and Morin (MOR), on two species of Saprolegnia; Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis. Selective compounds were screened for the minimum inhibitory concentration, first for anti-oomycetes activity and then mycelium growth inhibition, spore germination inhibition and colonisation test. Nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase activity of the compounds were tested in head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to assess the immunostimulatory potential. Molecular docking of effective compounds was carried out with effector proteins of S. parasitica to investigate the target binding sites. Among all, CUR could completely inhibit zoospore production and significantly (p ≤ .05) inhibit hyphal growth at 16 mg l-1 against S. parasitica and S. australis. CIN at the concentration of 50 mg l-1 completely inhibited hyphal growth of both Saprolegnia spp., although the zoospore production of S. parasitica and S. australis was reduced at 25 mg l-1 and 10 mg l-1. In the case of EUG, significant inhibition of the hyphal growth and germination of S. parasitica zoospores was observed at 50 mg l-1. ST and MOR did not show antioomycetes activity. The molecular docking results were consistent with in vitro studies, possibly due to the binding with the vital proteins (Plasma membrane ATPase, V-type proton ATPase, TKL protein kinase, Host targeting protein 1) of S. parasitica and ultimately inhibiting their activity. CUR and CIN showed increased nitric oxide production at the highest concentration of 250 and 256 mg l-1 but the value was not significant (p ≤ .05) with control. CUR showed significantly higher peroxidase activity (p ≤ .05) at a concentration of 256 mg l-1 though values were significantly similar with concentration from 16 to 128 mg l-1. The nitric oxide and total peroxidase activity of rainbow trout leukocytes in the case of CIN showed a significant difference only at 250 mg l-1 against the control. The results conclude that CUR, CIN showed the better anti-Saprolegnia activity and could be used as phyto-additives in aquaculture. Among all, the inclusion of CUR as phyto-additives will provide additional immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India; ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Andheri, Mumbai, 400036, India.
| | - Pragyan Dash
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | | | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
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Suthar A, Maji C, Gopalkrishnan A, Raval SH, Kumar R, Kumar S. Anti-piroplasmic activity of novobiocin as heat shock protein 90 inhibitor against in vitro cultured Theileria equi and Babesia caballi parasites. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101696. [PMID: 33677232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis (EP). Currently, imidocarb dipropionate (ID) is the only available drug for treating the clinical form of EP. Serious side effects and incomplete clearance of infection is a major drawback of ID. Heat-shock proteins (Hsp) play a vital role in the life cycle of these haemoprotozoans by preventing alteration in protein conformation. These Hsp are activated during transmission of EP sporozoites from the tick vector (poikilotherm) to the natural host (homeotherm) and facilitate parasite survival. In the present study, we targeted the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp-90) pathway of T. equi and B. caballi by using its inhibitor drug - novobiocin. Dose-dependent efficacy of novobiocin on the growth of T. equi and B. caballi was observed in in vitro culture. Additionally, we examined dose-dependent cell cytotoxicity on host peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and haemolytic activity on equine red blood cells (RBC). In vivo organ toxicity of novobiocin was also assessed in a mouse model. The IC50 (50 % inhibitory concentration) value of novobiocin against T. equi and B. caballi was 165 μM and 84.85 μM, respectively. Novobiocin significantly arrested the in vitro growth of T. equi and B. caballi parasites at 100 μM and 200 μM drug concentration, respectively. In vitro treated parasites had distorted nuclear material and showed no further viability. Based on the equine PBMCs and RBC, the drug was found to be safe even at 1000 μM concentration and the CC50 (50 % cytotoxicity concentration) values were 11.63 mM and 261.97 mM. Very high specific selective index (SSI) values (70.47 and 1587) were observed for equine PBMCs and RBC, respectively. Organ-specific biochemical markers and histopathological examination indicated no adverse effect of the drug at a dose rate of 50 mg kg body weight in the mouse model. The results demonstrate the growth inhibitory effect of novobiocin against T. equi and B. caballi parasites and its safety for host cell lines with very high SSI. Hence, it can be inferred that the Theileria/Babesia Hsp-90 family are potential drug targets worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suthar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dantiwada, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - C Maji
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Subject matter specialist (Animal Health), North 24 Praganas Krishi Vigyan Kendra, WBUAFS, Ashokenagar, 743223, West Bengal, India
| | - A Gopalkrishnan
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India; Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007, India
| | - S H Raval
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Dandiwada, 385506, Gujarat, India
| | - R Kumar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - S Kumar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001, India.
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Zawisza K, Sobierajska P, Nowak N, Kedziora A, Korzekwa K, Pozniak B, Tikhomirov M, Miller J, Mrowczynska L, Wiglusz RJ. Preparation and preliminary evaluation of bio-nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatites with antibacterial properties against anaerobic bacteria. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 106:110295. [PMID: 31753350 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal nanocrystalline powders of the non-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 as well as activated with Ag+ and Eu3+ ions were synthesized by using different wet chemistry methods. Moreover, the obtained hydroxyapatite was loaded with Ag0, as well as nitroimidazole antimicrobials: metronidazole and tinidazole. The structural properties of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy as well as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The photoluminescence properties of the Eu3+ and Ag+ co-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 were characterized via the PL emission, excitation spectra and the luminescence decay curve. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained materials against Prevotella bivia and Parabacteroides distasonis was studied. The cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on the human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) as well as human red blood cells (RBC). The choice of the in vitro model was based on the fact that U2OS is a cancer cell line derived from bone tissue which is rich in apatites that play a pivotal role in the extracellular matrix formation. RBCs are the most abundant blood cells and they are used as a cell model in the study of biocompatibility of new prepared biocompounds with potential medical applications. The obtained multifunctional materials do not exhibit the haemolytic activity, therefore, they could be used as a promising antimicrobial agent and for anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zawisza
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, PL-50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, PL-50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicole Nowak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, PL-50-422, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kedziora
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Blazej Pozniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Miller
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrowczynska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafal J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, PL-50-422, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Zhang Y, Feng T, Qu J, Sun N, Liu L. Toxicity and haemolytic activity of a newly described dinoflagellate, Heterocapsa bohainensis to the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Harmful Algae 2019; 84:112-118. [PMID: 31128795 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The algae Heterocapsa bohaiensis is a newly described species of dinoflagellate associated with Penaeus japonicus and larvae of Eriocheir sinensis in a coastal pond of Liaodong Bay China. The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is used as live feed for aquaculture organisms including prawns and crabs larvae. To evaluate the potential toxicity of H. bohaiensis, the effects on Brachionus plicatilis and haemolytic activity were investigated in this study. The results showed that H. bohaiensis had significant toxic effect on B. plicatilis, and this effect was dependent on the cell concentration. Significant rotifer growth suppression was observed in the ruptured cells of H. bohaiensis with ultrasonic. Relatively similar rotifer mortalities were induced both in the light and in the dark. Interestingly, haemolysis to erythrocytes was also caused in a cell density-dependent and time-dependent manner, which meant the results of haemolytic activity were consistent with the toxicity. Therefore, haemolytic toxins were considered to be involved in the toxic mechanism of H. bohaiensis against rotifers. Then, the concentrations of calcium were measured in the mastax, stomach and ovary of B. plicatilis. Obviously increased fluorescence intensity was found in the stomach, which indicated the alteration of calcium homeostasis and membrane permeability after ingesting H. bohaiensis. These results implicated haemolytic activity as a causative factor linked to the toxicity of H. bohaiensis against B. plicatilis. The results contributed to research the production and control of H. bohaiensis toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, NO. 2 Dagong Road, New District of Liaodong Bay, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, 124221, China.
| | - Tongtong Feng
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, NO. 2 Dagong Road, New District of Liaodong Bay, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, 124221, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, NO. 2 Dagong Road, New District of Liaodong Bay, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, 124221, China
| | - Na Sun
- Guanghe Crab Industry Limited Company, Panjin 124200, China
| | - Lifen Liu
- School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, NO. 2 Dagong Road, New District of Liaodong Bay, Panjin City, Liaoning Province, 124221, China
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Mitsuwan W, Jiménez-Munguía I, Visutthi M, Sianglum W, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Voravuthikunchai SP. Rhodomyrtone decreases Staphylococcus aureus SigB activity during exponentially growing phase and inhibits haemolytic activity within membrane vesicles. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:112-118. [PMID: 30583020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sigma factor B (SigB) controls the expression of Staphylococcus aureus genes including virulence factors and plays a role in the bacterial secretion system through membrane vesicle production. Inhibition of SigB could attenuate SigB dependent virulence and secretion system. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of rhodomyrtone on SigB and virulence factors related to SigB. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of rhodomyrtone against 67 clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were 0.25-8 μg/ml, which were similar to those of vancomycin. Using luciferase gene fused to SigB dependent promoters of asp23, five time reduction in SigB activity was observed when the bacteria were treated with rhodomyrtone for 3 h. Rhodomyrtone significantly reduced SigB activity in a concentration dependent manner in exponentially growing cells (P < 0.05). In addition, sigB mutant was more sensitive towards increasing concentrations of rhodomyrtone than the wild type and yabJ-spoVG mutant. Rhodomyrtone at 0.625 μg/ml reduced the growth of sigB mutant by approximately 99%, compared with the yabJ-spoVG mutant and the wild type. Membrane vesicles were significantly reduced in the bacterial cells when treated with 0.5 × MIC rhodomyrtone (P < 0.05). Decreased haemolytic activity was detected within rhodomyrtone-treated membrane vesicles. The results indicated that rhodomyrtone inhibited S. aureus SigB activity during exponentially growing phase and inhibited haemolytic activity within membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Department of Microbiology and Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Engineering of Technological Equipment, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Monton Visutthi
- Department of Microbiology and Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wipawadee Sianglum
- Department of Microbiology and Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Supayang P Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Vazzana M, Celi M, Chiaramonte M, Inguglia L, Russo D, Ferrantelli V, Battaglia D, Arizza V. Cytotoxic activity of Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) coelomocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 72:334-341. [PMID: 29138098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of marine invertebrates, in particular that of holothurians, still requires further study. Our research showed that coelomocyte cells contained in the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa, are able to lyse, in vitro, red blood cells in rabbits and sheep. A plaque-forming assay showed spherule cells to be the effector cells, able to release cytotoxic molecules after xenogenic cell contact. The coelomocyte lysate supernatant, analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis overlay technique, using rabbit and sheep erythrocytes, showed two different haemolytic protein patterns: one calcium dependent and the other calcium independent. The fractions of each pattern were resolved on a polyacrylamide gel and calcium-dependent and independent coelomocyte lysate patterns were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vazzana
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaramonte
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Debora Russo
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dominique Battaglia
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dept. STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
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Tong X, Han L, Duan H, Cui Y, Feng Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Yang S. The derivatives of Pulsatilla saponin A, a bioactive compound from Pulsatilla chinensis: Their synthesis, cytotoxicity, haemolytic toxicity and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:325-336. [PMID: 28237662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The strong haemolytic toxicity of Pulsatilla saponin A (PSA) has hampered its clinical development as an injectable anticancer agent. To circumvent this challenge, twenty PSA derivatives with C ring or C-28 or C-3 modifications were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against seven selected human tumor lines, as well as for haemolytic toxicity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and structure-toxicity relationship (STR) correlations were also elucidated. Compared with PSA, compound 22 showed a better balance between haemolytic toxicity (HD50 > 500 μM) and cytotoxicity toward lung cancer cells A549 (IC50 = 4.68 μM). Molecular studies indicated that 22 was liked to lead to G1 cell cycle arrest and therefore, 22 may be a potent antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, 242Hua Xi Avenue, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 80 Chang Jiang Road, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Huaqing Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 56 Yang Ming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 56 Yang Ming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yongming Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, 242Hua Xi Avenue, Guiyang 550025, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 56 Yang Ming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
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Shruti G, Sukhdev S, Singh KS. Purification and characterization of an extracellular ribonuclease from a Bacillus sp. RNS3 (KX966412). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:440-446. [PMID: 28108407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) catalyze the degradation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) into smaller nucleotides. RNases display angiogenic, neurotoxic, antitumor and immunosuppressive properties. In the present study, an extracellular RNase was successfully purified to homogeneity from a Bacillus sp. RNS3 (KX966412) by salting out at 0-50% ammonium sulphate saturation followed by the gel permeation (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. The multistep purification resulted in 10.4 fold purification of RNase with a yield of 3.12%. The activity of the purified RNase was found to be 2.02U/mg protein. The purified RNase was monomeric with a molecular weight of 66kDa. It exhibited Michalis-Menten kinetics parameters Kcat 7.92min-1 and Km 0.12mg/mL. The antiproliferative activity of the purified RNase was tested against an established Hep-2C (HeLa derived) cancer cell line in vitro. The purified RNase reduced the viability of the Hep-2C cells significantly with an IC50 value of 3.53μg/mL. The haemolytic activity of purified RNase was also evaluated and unfortunately, it showed a strong haemolytic activity towards human RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupta Shruti
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Singh Sukhdev
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Kanwar Shamsher Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India.
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Ishwarya R, Vaseeharan B, Iswarya A, Karthikeyan S. Haemolytic and antibiofilm properties of haemocyanin purified from the haemolymph of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 59:447-455. [PMID: 27815202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Haemocyanin (Hc) is an important non-specific immune macromolecule present in the haemolymph of both mollusks and crustaceans. In the present study, Hc was purified from the haemolymph of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus by gel filtration chromatography and it exhibits a single band with a molecular weight of 74 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) result of purified Hc express single peak at 31.5° be a sign of crystalline nature and appear as a single peak with a retention time of 5.6 min signify the homogeneity nature of the protein respectively. The purified Hc exhibited haemolytic activity against chicken erythrocytes. The haemolytic activity of purified Hc in optimum conditions observed to be pH 6.0, temperature 40 °C, in the presence of calcium. As well purified Hc exhibited the antibiofilm activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Moreover, the haemolysis can be inhibited to different degrees by osmoprotectants of diverse molecular masses, signifying that it follows a colloid-osmotic mechanism. This study conclude that purified Hc from F. indicus remarkably possess haemolytic and antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Ishwarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 4th Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lamien-Meda A, Kiendrebeogo M, Compaoré M, Meda RNT, Bacher M, Koenig K, Pacher T, Fuehrer HP, Noedl H, Willcox M, Novak J. Quality assessment and antiplasmodial activity of West African Cochlospermum species. Phytochemistry 2015; 119:51-61. [PMID: 26429632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on development of phytochemical methods for quality assessment of two West-African Cochlospermum species (Cochlospermum planchonii and Cochlospermum tinctorium) traditionally used for malaria treatment in Burkina Faso. Antimalarial activity of preparations from dried rhizomes (decoction) was tested against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium strain 3D7 using the histidine-rich protein II (HRP2) drug susceptibility assay and compared with extract preparations using organic solvents of different polarity. Two main apocarotenoids were isolated from rhizomes of C. planchonii and unambiguously identified as dihydrocochloxanthine and cochloxanthine by spectroscopic methods. Comparative HPLC analyses of thirty-nine (39) samples from markets and from collections in natural habitats of both species showed a high variability in the accumulation of cochloxanthines and related carotenoids which were proven to be characteristic for rhizomes of both species and generally absent in leaves. Furthermore, content of total phenolics and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) as well as haemolytic activity of various extracts was tested. The HPLC method presented here was validated and provides a good separation of both compounds including 10 minor carotenoids. Extracts from both species and pure cochloxanthine offered pronounced antioxidant activities and weak haemolytic activity while, in contrast, dihydrocochloxanthine had a strong haemolytic effect at the highest concentration analysed. However, cochloxanthine as well as dihydrocochloxanthine showed erythroprotective effects against the haemolytic activity of the reference saponin. Moderate antiplasmodial activity between 16 and 63 μg/ml were observed with all tested extracts, and lower IC50 values were obtained with pure dihydrocochloxanthine (IC50=6.9 μg/ml), cochloxanthine (IC50=6.8 μg/ml), the DCM fraction (IC50=2.4 μg/ml) and the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50=11.5μg/ml) derived from a methanolic extract of C. planchonii. This study shows a major variability of carotenoid content and antiplasmodial activity of both C. planchonii and C. tinctorium. The high haemolytic activity of dihydrocochloxanthine (at 100 μg/ml) should be considered as a selection criterion for choosing species phenotypes for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lamien-Meda
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, LABIOCA, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquées, LABIOCA, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Roland N T Meda
- UFR Sciences et Techniques, Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, 01 BP 1091 Bobo 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Markus Bacher
- Division of Chemistry of Renewables, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karin Koenig
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pacher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Noedl
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Merlin Willcox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Johannes Novak
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Stabili L, Pagliara P. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immunological response to chemical pollution exposure: The case of lindane. Chemosphere 2015; 134:60-66. [PMID: 25911048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment organochlorine insecticides can be broadly detected in water, sediments, and biota. These pollutants may have major ecological consequences since they may affect marine organisms and endanger organismal growth, reproduction or survival. In this study we investigated the modification of some sea urchin immunological parameters in response to subchronic lindane (γ-HCH) exposure. Adult specimens of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were exposed to two different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mg L(-1)) of lindane. After 24 and 48h of treatment, we examined the lindane influence on coelomocytes vitality and enumeration as well on some humoral parameters. Our results showed that the presence of the pesticide affected both cellular and humoral components of the immune system. In particular, P. lividus coelomocytes vitality did not change but a decrease of the total cell number and an increase of the red cells was recorded. Haemolytic and lysozyme-like activities as well as antibacterial activity on Vibrio alginolyticus of treated animals decreased. Sea urchin immunological competence modifications might represent a tool for monitoring disease susceptibility thus providing biological criteria for the implementation of water quality standards to protect marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Pagliara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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12
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Chen Z, Duan H, Wang M, Han L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Yang S. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A, D derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2550-4. [PMID: 25958248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The strong haemolytic activity of Pulsatilla saponin A (PSA), D (PSD) hampered their clinical development of antitumor agents. In order to solve this problem, C-28 position modification derivatives of PSA/PSD were synthesized. The cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity of these compounds were evaluated. Structure-activity relationship and structure-toxicity relationship had been observed. The mice acute toxicity of compound 11 was reduced greatly than that of PSA. This study indicates that compound 11 may represent an interesting class of potent antitumor agents from triterpenoid saponins avoiding the haemolysis problem. The present study has important significance for the development of antitumor saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huaqing Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, 80 Chang Jiang Road, Nanyang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongming Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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13
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Kamysz E, Sikorska E, Dawgul M, Tyszkowski R, Kamysz W. Influence of Dimerization of Lipopeptide Laur-Orn-Orn-Cys-NH 2 and an N-terminal Peptide of Human Lactoferricin on Biological Activity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015; 21:39-46. [PMID: 25642159 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that is cleaved by pepsin to lactoferricin (LFcin). LFcin has an enhanced antimicrobial activity as compared to that of LF. Recently several hetero- and homodimeric antimicrobial peptides stabilized by a single disulfide bond linking linear polypeptide chains have been discovered. We have demonstrated that the S–S bond heterodimerization of lipopeptide Laur-Orn-Orn-Cys–NH2 (peptide III) and the synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferricin (peptide I) yields a dimer (peptide V), which is almost as microbiologically active as the more active monomer and at the same time it is much less toxic. Furthermore, it has been found that the S–S bond homodimerization of both peptide I and peptide III did not affect antimicrobial and haemolytic activity of the compounds. The homo- and heterodimerization of peptides I and III resulted in either reduction or loss of antifungal activity. This work suggests that heterodimerization of antimicrobial lipopeptides via intermolecular disulfide bond might be a powerful modification deserving consideration in the design of antimicrobial peptides.
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