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Bhat RAH, Khangembam VC, Pant V, Tandel RS, Pandey PK, Thakuria D. Antibacterial activity of a short de novo designed peptide against fish bacterial pathogens. Amino Acids 2024; 56:28. [PMID: 38578302 PMCID: PMC10997546 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, researchers are exploring novel substitutes to customary antibiotics. One potential solution is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We aimed to design and evaluate a novel, short, and compositionally simple AMP with potent activity against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The resulting peptide, KK12YW, has an amphipathic nature and net charge of + 7. Molecular docking experiments disclosed that KK12YW has a strong affinity for aerolysin, a virulence protein produced by the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas sobria. KK12YW was synthesized using Fmoc chemistry and tested against a range of bacterial pathogens, including A. sobria, A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The AMP showed promising antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.89 to 917.1 µgmL-1 and 3.67 to 1100.52 µgmL-1, respectively. In addition, KK12YW exhibited resistance to high temperatures and remained effective even in the presence of serum and salt, indicating its stability. The peptide also demonstrated minimal hemolysis toward fish RBCs, even at higher concentrations. Taken together, these findings indicate that KK12YW could be a highly promising and viable substitute for conventional antibiotics to combat microbial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria C Khangembam
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinita Pant
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
- Navsari Gujarat Research Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Navsari, 396 450, Gujarat, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
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Pande A, Thakuria D, Kushwaha B, Kumar R, S M, Rastogi A, Sood N. A cell line derived from heart of rainbow trout is refractory to Tilapia lake virus. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:347-357. [PMID: 38212941 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cell lines are important in vitro models to answer biological mechanisms with less genetic variations. The present study was attempted to develop a cell line from rainbow trout, where we obtained a cell line from the heart, named "RBT-H." The cell line was authenticated using karyotyping and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing. The karyotype demonstrated diploid chromosome number (2n) as 62 and the sequence of partial COI gene was 99.84% similar to rainbow trout COI data set, both suggesting the origin of RBT-H from the rainbow trout. The heart cell line was mycoplasma-free and found to be refractory to infection with the Tilapia lake virus. The RBT-H cell line is deposited in the National Repository of Fish Cell Line (NRFC) at ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow, India, with Accession no. NRFC0075 for maintenance and distribution to researchers on request for R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pande
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali S
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bisht D, Sajjanar BK, Saxena S, Kakodia B, Dighe V, Thakuria D, Kharayat NS, Chanu KV, Kumar S. Identification and characterization of phage display-selected peptides having affinity to Peste des petits ruminants virus. J Immunol Methods 2023; 515:113455. [PMID: 36893896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Phage display is a well-established technique used for selecting novel ligands having affinity to a plethora of targets including proteins, viruses, whole bacterial and mammalian cells as well as lipid targets. In the present study, phage display technology was used to identify peptides having affinity to PPRV. The binding capacity of these peptides was characterized through various formats of ELISA using phage clones, linear and multiple antigenic peptides. The whole PPRV was used as an immobilized target in a surface biopanning process using a 12-mer phage display random peptide library. After five rounds of biopanning, forty colonies were picked and amplified followed by DNA isolation and amplification for sequencing. Sequencing suggested 12 different clones expressing different peptide sequence Phage-ELISA was performed using all 12 phage clones. Results indicated that four phage clones i.e., P4, P8, P9 and P12 had a specific binding activity to PPR virus. Linear peptides displayed by all 12 clones were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and subjected to virus capture ELISA. No significant binding of the linear peptides with PPRV was evident which may be due to loss of conformation of linear peptide after coating. When the four selected phage clones displayed peptide sequences were synthesized in Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) format and used in virus capture ELISA, the results indicated significant binding of PPRV to the MAPs. It may be due to increased avidity and/or better projection of binding residues in 4-armed MAPs as compared to linear peptides. MAP-peptides were also conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Visual colour change from wine red to purple was observed on addition of PPRV in MAP-conjugated AuNPs solution. This colour change may be attributable to the networking of PPRV with MAP -conjugated AuNPs resulting in aggregation of AuNPs. All these results supported the hypothesis that the phage display selected peptides were capable of binding to the PPRV. The potential of these peptides to develop novel diagnostic or therapeutic agents remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Bisht
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263138, India.
| | - B K Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Bhuvna Kakodia
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India.
| | - Nitish S Kharayat
- Temperate Animal Husbandry Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263138, India.
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
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Khangembam VC, Thakuria D, Pant V, Tandel RS, Vishwakarma BK, Pandey N, Pande A, Pandey PK. First report of Achlya bisexualis infection in captive-reared Endangered golden mahseer Tor putitora. Dis Aquat Organ 2023; 153:59-68. [PMID: 36861898 DOI: 10.3354/dao03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Achlya bisexualis is a notorious oomycete pathogen with the potential to cause emerging disease in fish farms. In this study, we report the first isolation of A. bisexualis from captive-reared golden mahseer Tor putitora, an Endangered fish species. The infected fish showed a cotton-like growth of mycelia at the site of infection. The mycelium when cultured on potato dextrose agar produced radially growing white hyphae. The hyphae were non-septate, and some of them carried matured zoosporangium with dense granular cytoplasmic contents. Spherical gemmae with stout stalks were also observed. All the isolates had 100% identity in internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequence and showed highest similarity to that of A. bisexualis. In molecular phylogeny, all the isolates formed a monophyletic group with A. bisexualis which was supported by a bootstrap value of 99%. Based on the molecular and morphological findings, all the isolates were confirmed as A. bisexualis. Further, the anti-oomycete effect of boric acid, a known antifungal agent, against the isolate was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were found to be 1.25 and >2.5 g l-1, respectively. Isolation of A. bisexualis from a new fish species indicates its possible occurrence in other unreported hosts. Considering its wide infectivity and the potential to cause disease in farmed fishes, its probable prevalence in a new environment and host needs to be closely monitored to prevent the spread of infection, if any, by adopting suitable control measures.
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Yashwanth BS, Pinto N, Thakuria D, Chaudhari A, Gireesh Babu P, Goswami M. Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:19-29. [PMID: 36289143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available fully sequenced genome and genetic similarities compared to humans make zebrafish a prominent in vitro vertebrate model for drug discovery & screening, toxicology, and radiation biology. Zebrafish also possess well developed immune systems which is ideal for studying infectious diseases. Fish skin confers immunity by serving as a physical barrier against the invading pathogens in the aquatic habitat. Therefore in vitro models from the skin tissue of zebrafish help to study the physiology, functional genes in vitro, wound healing, and pathogenicity of microbes. Hence the study aimed to develop and characterize a skin cell line from the wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel cell line designated as DRS (D. rerio skin) was established and characterized from the skin tissue of wild-type zebrafish, D. rerio, by the explant technique. The cells thrived well in the Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS and routinely passaged at regular intervals. The DRS cells mainly feature fibroblast-like morphology. The culture conditions of the cells were determined by incubating the cells at varying concentrations of FBS and temperature; the optimum was 15% FBS and 28 °C, respectively. Cells were cryopreserved and revived with 70-75% viability at different passage levels. Two extracellular products from bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were tested and found toxic to the DRS cells. Mitochondrial genes, namely COI and 16S rRNA PCR amplification and partial sequencing authenticated the species of origin of cells. The modal diploid (2n) chromosome number of the cells was 50. The cell line DRS was found to be free from mycoplasma. The cells were transfected with pMaxGFP plasmid and tested positive for green fluorescence at 24-48 h post-transfection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study thus confirm the usefulness of the developed cell line in bacterial susceptibility and transgene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - B S Yashwanth
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal Post, Hyderabad, 500092, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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Chanu KV, Thakuria D, Pant V, Bisht S, Tandel RS. Development of multiplex PCR assay for species-specific detection and identification of Saprolegnia parasitica. Biotechnology Reports 2022; 35:e00758. [PMID: 36034340 PMCID: PMC9398915 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR was developed targeting rDNA-ITS region and a hypothetical protein gene. The protocol is highly sensitive with low detection limit of genomic DNA. The protocol can identify saprolegnia parasitica in a single reaction.
Saprolegnia parasitica is the most important pathogen under the genus, Saprolegnia which causes devastating oomycete diseases in freshwater fish. At present, the most common molecular method for identification of Saprolegnia species is sequencing of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) region. In this study, a highly sensitive multiplex PCR targeting rDNA-ITS region and a hypothetical protein gene was developed using two sets of primer pair. In this PCR, two amplicons of different size of 750 bp and 365 bp are produced only in case of S. parasitica while other Saprolegnia species had single amplicon. This protocol could also differentiate Saprolegnia species from other fungus based on the size of rDNA-ITS region. The protocol does not require sequencing and can identify S. parasitica in a single reaction. Therefore, the multiplex PCR developed in this study may prove to be an easier, faster and cheaper molecular method for identification of S. parasitica.
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Bhat RAH, Thakuria D, Tandel RS, Khangembam VC, Dash P, Tripathi G, Sarma D. Tools and techniques for rational designing of antimicrobial peptides for aquaculture. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:1033-1050. [PMID: 35872334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries and aquaculture industries remain essential sources of food and nutrition for millions of people worldwide. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and posed a severe threat to public health. Researchers have opined that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be the best possible alternative to curb the rising tide of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. AMPs may also help to achieve the objectives of one health approach. The natural AMPs are associated with several shortcomings, like less in vivo stability, toxicity to host cell, high cost of production and low potency in a biological system. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive outline about the strategies for designing synthetic mimics of natural AMPs with high potency. Moreover, the freely available AMP databases and the information about the molecular docking tools are enlisted. We also provided in silico template for rationally designing the AMPs from fish piscidins or other peptides. The rationally designed piscidin (rP1 and rp2) may be used to tackle microbial infections in aquaculture. Further, the protocol can be used to develop the truncated mimics of natural AMPs having more potency and protease stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Victoria C Khangembam
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pragyan Dash
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
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Dutta P, Kumari A, Mahanta M, Biswas KK, Dudkiewicz A, Thakuria D, Abdelrhim AS, Singh SB, Muthukrishnan G, Sabarinathan KG, Mandal MK, Mazumdar N. Advances in Nanotechnology as a Potential Alternative for Plant Viral Disease Management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935193. [PMID: 35847105 PMCID: PMC9279558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses cause enormous losses in agricultural production accounting for about 47% of the total overall crop losses caused by plant pathogens. More than 50% of the emerging plant diseases are reported to be caused by viruses, which are inevitable or unmanageable. Therefore, it is essential to devise novel and effective management strategies to combat the losses caused by the plant virus in economically important crops. Nanotechnology presents a new tendency against the increasing challenges in the diagnosis and management of plant viruses as well as plant health. The application of nanotechnology in plant virology, known as nanophytovirology, includes disease diagnostics, drug delivery, genetic transformation, therapeutants, plant defense induction, and bio-stimulation; however, it is still in the nascent stage. The unique physicochemical properties of particles in the nanoscale allow greater interaction and it may knock out the virus particles. Thus, it opens up a novel arena for the management of plant viral diseases. The main objective of this review is to focus on the mounting collection of tools and techniques involved in the viral disease diagnosis and management and to elucidate their mode of action along with toxicological concerns.
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Thakuria D, Khangembam VC, Pant V, Bhat RAH, Tandel RS, C. S, Pande A, Pandey PK. Anti-oomycete Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate: Molecular Docking and in vitro Studies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:909570. [PMID: 35782554 PMCID: PMC9247576 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.909570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Saprolegniosis is one of the most catastrophic oomycete diseases of freshwater fish caused by the members of the genus Saprolegnia. The disease is responsible for huge economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Until 2002, Saprolegnia infections were effectively controlled by using malachite green. However, the drug has been banned for use in aquaculture due to its harmful effect. Therefore, it has become important to find an alternate and safe anti-oomycete agent that is effective against Saprolegnia. In this study, we investigated the anti-oomycete activity of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) against Saprolegnia. Before in vitro evaluation, molecular docking was carried out to explore the binding of CHG with vital proteins of Saprolegnia, such as S. parasitica host-targeting protein 1 (SpHtp1), plasma membrane ATPase, and TKL protein kinase. In silico studies revealed that CHG binds with these proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. In an in vitro study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CHG against S. parasitica were found to be 50 mg/L. Further, it was tested against S. australis, another species of Saprolegnia, and the MIC and MFC were found to be 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively. At 500 mg/L of CHG, there was complete inhibition of the radial growth of Saprolegnia hyphae. In propidium iodide (PI) uptake assay, CHG treated hyphae had bright red fluorescence of PI indicating the disruption of the cell membrane. The results of the present study indicated that CHG could effectively inhibit Saprolegnia and hence can be used for controlling Saprolegniasis in cultured fish.
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Bhat RAH, Khangembam VC, Thakuria D, Pant V, Tandel RS, Tripathi G, Sarma D. Antimicrobial Activity of an Artificially Designed Peptide Against Fish Pathogens. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Durge SM, Das A, Saha SK, Pande A, Thakuria D, Saxena A, Bhardvaj Y, Verma AK. Dietary lutein supplementation improves immunity and antioxidant status of captive Indian leopards (Panthera fusca). Zoo Biol 2022; 41:328-339. [PMID: 35014724 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Indian leopards kept in zoos are fed solely on carabeef on bone (CBB) diets. Carabeef contains lesser or no carotenoids. Hence, the captive Indian leopard diets are suspected to be deficient in carotenoids while their wild counterparts acquire these pigments from their natural prey. Lutein is a vital carotenoid that plays its role as an antioxidant and immunomodulator. This experiment investigates the effect of lutein supplementation on antioxidant status, immunity, and stress in captive Panthera fusca fed CBB diets. Nine leopards were used based on 3 × 3 replicated Latin square designs in the experiment. Groups CON, LUT20, and LUT40 were supplemented with 0, 20, and 40 ppm of lutein, respectively. Each experiment comprised of 10 days of wash-out period, 11 days of adaptation, and 4 days of collection. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) was higher (p < .01) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of protein, globulin, urea (p < .05), total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) index were higher (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum concentration of immunoglobulin were higher (p < .001) in group LUT20. Serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and fecal concentration of cortisol decreased (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of total immunoglobulin (µg/ml) and LTT were higher in group LUT20. Fecal concentration of cortisol (ng/g) was lower in LUT20 and LUT40. The study concludes that supplementation of lutein at 20 ppm would improve antioxidant status and immunity and alleviate stress in captive Indian leopards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad M Durge
- Center for Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Udgir, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asit Das
- Center for Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Subodh K Saha
- Center for Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Pande
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Cold-water Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Cold-water Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankur Saxena
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Cold-water Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Bhardvaj
- Pandit G.B. Pant High Altitude Zoo, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok K Verma
- Center for Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tandel RS, Dash P, Hussain Bhat RA, Thakuria D, Sawant PB, Pandey N, Chandra S, Chadha NK. Anti-oomycetes and immunostimulatory activity of natural plant extract compounds against Saprolegnia spp.: Molecular docking and in-vitro studies. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:65-81. [PMID: 33895254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of five natural plant extract compounds Curcumin (CUR); Eugenol (EUG), Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), Stigmasterol (ST) and Morin (MOR), on two species of Saprolegnia; Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis. Selective compounds were screened for the minimum inhibitory concentration, first for anti-oomycetes activity and then mycelium growth inhibition, spore germination inhibition and colonisation test. Nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase activity of the compounds were tested in head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss to assess the immunostimulatory potential. Molecular docking of effective compounds was carried out with effector proteins of S. parasitica to investigate the target binding sites. Among all, CUR could completely inhibit zoospore production and significantly (p ≤ .05) inhibit hyphal growth at 16 mg l-1 against S. parasitica and S. australis. CIN at the concentration of 50 mg l-1 completely inhibited hyphal growth of both Saprolegnia spp., although the zoospore production of S. parasitica and S. australis was reduced at 25 mg l-1 and 10 mg l-1. In the case of EUG, significant inhibition of the hyphal growth and germination of S. parasitica zoospores was observed at 50 mg l-1. ST and MOR did not show antioomycetes activity. The molecular docking results were consistent with in vitro studies, possibly due to the binding with the vital proteins (Plasma membrane ATPase, V-type proton ATPase, TKL protein kinase, Host targeting protein 1) of S. parasitica and ultimately inhibiting their activity. CUR and CIN showed increased nitric oxide production at the highest concentration of 250 and 256 mg l-1 but the value was not significant (p ≤ .05) with control. CUR showed significantly higher peroxidase activity (p ≤ .05) at a concentration of 256 mg l-1 though values were significantly similar with concentration from 16 to 128 mg l-1. The nitric oxide and total peroxidase activity of rainbow trout leukocytes in the case of CIN showed a significant difference only at 250 mg l-1 against the control. The results conclude that CUR, CIN showed the better anti-Saprolegnia activity and could be used as phyto-additives in aquaculture. Among all, the inclusion of CUR as phyto-additives will provide additional immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Shantilal Tandel
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India; ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Andheri, Mumbai, 400036, India.
| | - Pragyan Dash
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Raja Aadil Hussain Bhat
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | | | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- ICAR- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
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Hussain Bhat RA, Thakuria D, Pant V, Khangembam VC, Tandel RS, Shahi N, Sarma D, Tripathi G, Krishnani KK, Krishna G. Antibacterial and antioomycete activities of a novel designed RY12WY peptide against fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly conserved components of the innate immune system found among all classes of life. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), an important livestock for milk and meat production, is known to have a better resistance to many diseases as compared to cattle. They are found to express many AMPs such as defensins, cathelicidins, and hepcidin which play an important role in neutralizing the invading pathogens. Buffalo AMPs exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar to its natural form, synthetic analogs of buffalo AMPs are also antimicrobial against bacteria and even fungus making them a good target for the development of therapeutic antimicrobials. In addition to its antimicrobial effect, AMPs have been demonstrated to have a number of immunomodulatory functions, and their genes are responsive to infections. Further, induction of their gene expression by external factors may help in preventing infectious diseases. This review briefly discusses the AMPs of buffalo identified to date and their possible role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal - 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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C. Khangembam V, Srivastava SK, D. Leishangthem G, Kataria M, Thakuria D. Evaluation of Apoptosis Inducing Ability of Parkia javanica Seed Extract in Cancer Cells. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Thakuria D, Shahi N, Singh AK, Khangembam VC, Singh AK, Kumar S. Conformational analysis of a synthetic fish kisspeptin 1 peptide in membrane mimicking environments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185892. [PMID: 28977030 PMCID: PMC5627949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin 1 is a neuropeptide hormone of the RFamide family, which act as an upstream regulator of brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis in most vertebrates including teleosts. In the present study, a 16 amino acid long putative mature bioactive peptide (kiss 1) from preprokisspeptin 1 of golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822), was synthesized and characterized using an integrated (experimental and in silico) approach. The far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of this peptide was evaluated both in aqueous and membrane mimicking solvents (TFE, HFIP and Dioxane). The results indicate that kiss 1 peptide adopted helical, turn and β conformations in membrane like environments. The near-UV CD spectroscopy was also carried out to examine the tertiary packing around aromatic residues of kiss 1 peptide and the peptide-membrane complex. The kiss 1 peptide exhibited little signal in water, but a prominent negative band was observed at around 275 nm when membrane mimetic solution was added. The observed ordered conformations of kiss 1 peptide in the different solvents indicated its potential biological activity which could enhance the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at BPG axis. The conformational information generated from the present study reinforces the application prospects of bioactive synthetic peptide analogs of kisspeptin 1 in improving the reproductive performances of important cultivable fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Neetu Shahi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
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Belwal K, Thakuria D, Dighe V, Pande V, Pande A. Molecular Cloning and Expression Profile of Toll-Like Receptor 3 from an Indian Coldwater Fish, Schizothorax richardsonii(Gray). Anim Biotechnol 2017; 28:144-147. [PMID: 27623989 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1217874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system recognizes pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most important PRRs. TLR3 is a unique member of TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a viral replication intermediate. There is a variation in its response among diverse fish species toward the same stimulants. We identified and cloned TLR3 from Indian snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii and carried out its expression analysis in un-induced and poly (I:C) challenged fish. It has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2712 bases that encodes a polypeptide of 904 amino acids. The molecular weight of the polypeptide was predicted to be 102.4482 kDa with an isoelectric point of 7.40. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was carried out after 24 hours of poly (I:C) treatment and expression of TLR3 was analyzed in different tissues. As compared with untreated fish the poly (I:C) challenged fish revealed significantly high expression of TLR3 in kidney followed by liver and gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Belwal
- a ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research , Bhimtal Nainital , Uttarakhand , India.,b Department of Biotechnology , Kumaun University Campus Bhimtal , Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- a ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research , Bhimtal Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- c National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health , Mumbai , India
| | - Veena Pande
- b Department of Biotechnology , Kumaun University Campus Bhimtal , Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Amit Pande
- a ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research , Bhimtal Nainital , Uttarakhand , India
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Shahi N, Singh AK, Sahoo M, Mallik SK, Thakuria D. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profile of kisspeptin1 and kisspeptin1 receptor at brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis of golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) during gonadal development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 205:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Joshi VG, Chindera K, Singh AK, Sahoo AP, Dighe VD, Thakuria D, Tiwari AK, Kumar S. Rapid label-free visual assay for the detection and quantification of viral RNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Anal Chim Acta 2013; 795:1-7. [PMID: 23998531 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid label-free visual assay for the detection of viral RNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is presented in this study. Diagnosis is a crucial step for the molecular surveillance of diseases, and a rapid visual test with high specificity could play a vital role in the management of viral diseases. In this assay, the specific agglomerative behavior of PNA with gold nanoparticles was manipulated by its complementation with viral RNA. The assay was able to detect 5-10 ng of viral RNA from various biological samples, such as allantoic fluids, cell culture fluids and vaccines, in 100 μl of test solution. The developed assay was more sensitive than a hemagglutination (HA) test, a routine platform test for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and the developed assay was able to visually detect NDV with as little as 0.25 HA units of virus. In terms of the specificity, the test could discriminate single nucleotide differences in the target RNA and hence could provide visual viral genotyping/pathotyping. This observation was confirmed by pathotyping different known isolates of NDV. Further, the PNA-induced colorimetric changes in the presence of the target RNA at different RNA to PNA ratios yielded a standard curve with a linear coefficient of R(2)=0.990, which was comparable to the value of R(2)=0.995 from real-time PCR experiments with the same viral RNA. Therefore, the viral RNA in a given samples could be quantified using a simple visual spectrophotometer available in any clinical laboratory. This assay may find application in diagnostic assays for other RNA viruses, which are well known to undergo mutations, thus presenting challenges for their molecular surveillance, genotyping and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay G Joshi
- CIF-Bioengineering, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
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Abstract
Mammalian beta-defensins are innate host defense peptides with potential as a therapeutic agent. Present study reports expression of beta-defensin mRNA transcript in teat mucosal layer of Bubalus bubalis, which is homologous to lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) of cattle. The PCR-amplified and cloned full-length cDNA encodes for a putative peptide of 64 residues ( approximately 7 kDa) with pI of 11.324 and possess characteristic features of beta-defensin family including presence of six evolutionary conserved cysteine residues. The first 21 amino acids constitute a putative signal peptide, suggesting that it is a secretory protein. The peptide shares 85%-100% sequence identity with beta-defensins of cattle (Bos taurus). Nonetheless, the maximum identity at nucleotide (100%) and amino acid (98.5%) level was with cattle LAP, which is in consistent with phylogeny analysis report. Hence, the cloned beta-defensin has been designated as buffalo LAP. This study envisages role of beta-defensin peptides in innate immunity of mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Das
- College of Veterinary Science and A. H., SDAU, Gujarat, India.
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Boro RC, Goswami C, Thakuria D, Modi MK, Talukdar NC. Molecular and functional characteristics, growth promoting effect and persistence of selected parent isolates and streptomycin resistant derivatives of rice rhizobacteria. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:1186-94. [PMID: 15623229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and functional characteristics of seven azospirilla and five phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolates of rice rhizosphere, growth promotion ability of two efficient strains, Azospirillum amazonense A10 (MTCC4716) and Bacillus megaterium P5 (MTCC4714) and their persistence based on streptomycin resistant derivatives (SRD), were determined. SDS-PAGE and isozyme banding patterns of the isolates were used to arbitrarily group the azospirilla into 4 and PSB into 3 clusters and as markers to ascertain their identity. The azospirilla produced 2.0 to 10.5 ppm of IAA like substances and showed nitrogenase activity of 0.02 to 3.55 nmole C2H4/hr/ml of pure culture. PSB isolates produced 7.8 to 15.0 ppm IAA like substances and 20 to 128 ppm soluble P. Induction of resistance to streptomycin resulted in changes of these properties. Co-inoculation of rice with SRD A10 and SRD P5 and their parental strains in separate treatments enhanced grain yield over control by 31 and 12.4%, respectively. Nitrogenase activity of rice roots under SRD co-inoculated treatment was higher (4.16 nmole C2H4/hr/hill) than that-under parental strains co-inoculated treatment (3.76 nmole C2H4/hr/hill). SDS-PAGE profile and population count of the strains confirmed their establishment in rice rhizosphere and persistence over a year after inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Boro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785 013, India
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