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Badiche-El Hilali F, Medeiros-Fonseca B, Silva J, Silvestre-Ferreira AC, Pires MJ, Gil da Costa RM, Peixoto F, Oliveira PA, Valero D. The Effect of Lemon Juice ( Citrus limon L.) Treated with Melatonin on the Health Status and Treatment of K14HPV16 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:588. [PMID: 38790693 PMCID: PMC11117883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lemon is a fruit rich in antioxidant properties and has several health benefits, namely the reduction of skin edema and anticarcinogenic properties, which are due to its high content of bioactive compounds. Melatonin can improve and preserve the properties of lemon for longer and also has health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of lemon juice after melatonin treatment on murinometric parameters of wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice carrying human papillomavirus (HPV). Two trials were performed for oral administration of the lemon extract compound: in drinking water and in diet. First of all, lemons were treated by immersion with melatonin at 10 mM. Then, lemons were squeezed, and the juice obtained was freeze-dried and stored to be subsequently added to drinking water or diet, according to the assay. Thus, mice were divided into eight groups in the drink assay (each with n = 5): group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 1 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, WT, 1.5 mL lemon), group 4 (G4, WT, 2 mL lemon), group 5 (G5, HPV16, control), group 6 (G6, HPV16, 1 mL lemon) group 7 (G6, HPV16, 1.5 mL lemon) and group 8 (G6, HPV16, 2 mL lemon). The diet assay was divided into four groups: group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 4 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, HPV16, control) and group 4 (G4, HPV16, 4 mL lemon). In the drink assay, the highest concentration of melatonin (308 ng/100 mL) was for groups 4 and 8, while in the food assay, there was only one concentration of melatonin (9.96 ng/g) for groups 2 and 4. Both trials lasted 30 days. During this time, body weight, food and water were recorded. Afterward, they were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analyses. At the concentrations used, the lemon juice with melatonin had no adverse effects on the animals' health and showed a positive outcome in modifying weight gain and enhancing antioxidant activity in mice. Moreover, a reduction in the incidence of histological lesions was observed in treated animals. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of lemon extract on health and treatment outcomes in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Badiche-El Hilali
- Department AgroFood Technology, EPSO-CIAGRO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Silva
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira
- Center for Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria João Pires
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, State University of the Tocantins Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz 6591-480, Brazil
| | - Francisco Peixoto
- Chemistry Center-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Biological and Environment Department, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department AgroFood Technology, EPSO-CIAGRO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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Expression of arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin o-methyltransferase (ASMT) in the corpus luteum of pregnant sows and synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 388:167-179. [PMID: 34816281 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, melatonin is mainly synthesized from serotonin in the pineal gland. Many reports have documented that melatonin is also synthesized in the extra-pineal tissues, but the synthesis of melatonin in the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnant sows has never been studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), in the CL of sows during pregnancy and to investigate the synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells. Results showed that AANAT and ASMT were both expressed in the CL of sows during pregnancy, higher levels were observed in the early- and mid-stage CL, and the lowest abundance was found in the regressing CL (later-stage). The immunostaining for AANAT and ASMT was predominantly localized in the large luteal cells of porcine CL during pregnancy. Furthermore, melatonin was synthesized in luteal cells from serotonin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. And the expressions of AANAT and ASMT were upregulated by serotonin in luteal cells. In addition, progesterone (P4) secretion and cell viability were promoted in luteal cells treated with serotonin, and the stimulatory effects were blocked by luzindole (a non-selective MT1 and MT2 antagonist). Finally, the expressions of MT1 and MT2 were augmented by serotonin in luteal cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the developmental expression of AANAT and ASMT in the CL and a local synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells of pregnant sows, and suggests a paracrine and/or autocrine role for melatonin in luteal function.
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Delmas D, Cornebise C, Courtaut F, Xiao J, Aires V. New Highlights of Resveratrol: A Review of Properties against Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1295. [PMID: 33525499 PMCID: PMC7865717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases are currently a major public health concern due to the growing number of cases resulting from both an aging of populations and exogenous factors linked to our lifestyles. Thus, many treatments including surgical pharmacological approaches have emerged, and special attention has been paid to prevention, where diet plays a preponderant role. Recently, potential antioxidants such as resveratrol have received much attention as potential tools against various ocular diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of resveratrol against ocular diseases, in particular age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and vitreoretinopathy. We analyze, in relation to the different steps of each disease, the resveratrol properties at multiple levels, such as cellular and molecular signaling as well as physiological effects. We show and discuss the relationship to reactive oxygen species, the regulation of inflammatory process, and how resveratrol can prevent ocular diseases through a potential epigenetic action by the activation of sirtuin-1. Lastly, various new forms of resveratrol delivery are emerging at the same time as some clinical trials are raising more questions about the future of resveratrol as a potential tool for prevention or in therapeutic strategies against ocular diseases. More preclinical studies are required to provide further insights into RSV's potential adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Centre Anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Clarisse Cornebise
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Flavie Courtaut
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.C.); (F.C.); (V.A.)
- INSERM Research Center U1231, Cancer and Adaptive Immune Response Team, Bioactive Molecules and Health Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Zhang W, Chen J, Zhao Y, Zheng Z, Song Y, Wang H, Tong D. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on mammary function of lactating dairy goats†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:455-467. [PMID: 30346485 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct role of melatonin in mammary glands of dairy goats has remained obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of melatonin membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the pituitary and mammary glands of dairy goats during lactation, and to investigate the role of melatonin in mammary function. Both MT1 and MT2 were consistently expressed in the pituitary and mammary eight glands throughout the lactation period, and their levels were lower in 9 March (group I), June (group III), and September (group V) than in May (group II) and August (group IV). The expression patterns of pituitary and mammary MT1 and MT2 were consistent with those of blood melatonin during lactation. Furthermore, the mammary prolactin (PRL), and pituitary growth hormone (GH) and PRL mRNA expression showed an inverse trend in relation to blood melatonin levels. In mammary tissues, MT1 and MT2 immunoreactivity was predominantly located in the mammary epithelial cells (MECs). In addition, a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on cell viability was observed in cultured MECs. At the dose of 10 and 100 pg/ml, melatonin decreased mammary β-casein and PRL expression. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of melatonin were blocked by luzindole, a nonselective MT1 and MT2 receptor antagonist. In addition, melatonin promoted MT1 and MT2 expression in cultured MECs. In conclusion, the presence of MT1 and MT2 in the pituitary and mammary glands and the inhibitory effects of melatonin on cell viability, β-casein, and PRL expression in MECs suggest the potential regulation by melatonin in goat mammary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yanliang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Toronjo-Urquiza L, Acosta-Martin AE, James DC, Nagy T, Falconer RJ. Resveratrol addition to Chinese hamster ovary cell culture media: The effect on cell growth, monoclonal antibody synthesis, and its chemical modification. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2940. [PMID: 31742929 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of resveratrol to cell culture media during the production of monoclonal antibodies was investigated. Treatments of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing immunoglobulin G (IgG) with 25 and 50 μM resveratrol showed that resveratrol was capable of slowing cell growth while almost doubling cell-specific productivity to 4.7 ± 0.6 pg IgG/cell·day, resulting in up to a 1.37-fold increase of the final IgG titer. A resveratrol concentration of 50 μM slowed the progression through the cell cycle temporarily by trapping cells in the S-phase. Cation exchange chromatography showed no significant difference in the composition of acidic or basic IgG species and size exclusion chromatography indicated no change in fragmentation or aggregation of the recombinant IgG in the treatment groups. Resveratrol could be used as a chemical additive to CHO media where it would enhance IgG productivity and provide a degree of protection against hydroxyl and superoxide free radicals, expanding the range of options for process improvement available to monoclonal antibody manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Toronjo-Urquiza
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Adelina E Acosta-Martin
- biOMICS Facility, Faculty of Science Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David C James
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Bioprocess Strategy and Development, Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Billingham, UK
| | - Robert J Falconer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhou N, Wei ZX, Qi ZX. Inhibition of autophagy triggers melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:63. [PMID: 31870319 PMCID: PMC6929316 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is considered to be another restorative focus for the treatment of brain tumors. Although several research have demonstrated that melatonin induces autophagy in colon cancer and hepatoma cells, there has not been any direct evidence of whether melatonin is capable of inducing autophagy in human glioma cells. Results In the present research, we report that melatonin or its agonist, agomelatine, induced autophagy in A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells for a concentration-and time-dependent way, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. Furthermore, by suppressing autophagy at the late-stage with bafilomycin A1 and early stage with 3-MA, we found that the melatonin-induced autophagy was activated early, and the autophagic flux was complete. Melatonin treatment alone did not induce any apoptotic changes in the glioblastoma cells, as measured by flow cytometry. Western blot studies confirmed that melatonin alone prominently upregulated the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3 II, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of Bcl-2, whereas it had no effect on the expression of Bax in the glioblastoma cells. Remarkably, co-treatment with 3-MA and melatonin significantly enhanced the apoptotic cell population in the glioblastoma cells, along with a prominent decrease in the expression of bcl-2 and increase in the Bax expression levels, which collectively indicated that the disruption of autophagy triggers the melatonin-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Conclusions These results provide information indicating that melatonin may act as a common upstream signal between autophagy and apoptosis, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zi Xuan Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zeng Xin Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Middle Urumqi Road 12, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Melatonin stimulates the secretion of progesterone along with the expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in corpus luteum of pregnant sows. Theriogenology 2018; 108:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ye SF, Yang Y, Wu L, Ma WW, Zeng HH. Ethaselen: a novel organoselenium anticancer agent targeting thioredoxin reductase 1 reverses cisplatin resistance in drug-resistant K562 cells by inducing apoptosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:373-382. [PMID: 28471109 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that Ethaselen shows inhibitory effects on thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity and human tumor cell growth. In order to find an efficient way to reverse cisplatin resistance, we investigated the reversal effects of Ethaselen on cisplatin resistance in K562/cisplatin (CDDP) cells that were established by pulse-inducing human erythrocyte leukemic cell line K562, which are fivefold more resistant to cisplatin compared to K562 cells. The morphology and growth showed that the adhesion of K562/CDDP further decreased while the cell volume increased. The proliferation of K562/CDDP is strengthened. The antitumor activities in vitro were assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and combination index (CI), showing the significant synergic effects of cisplatin and Ethaselen. Focusing on apoptosis, a series of comparisons was made between K562 and K562/CDDP. Cisplatin induced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in K562 and subsequently induced the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTPs). In addition, cisplatin increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in K562, which can influence the mitochondrial membrane permeability. PTP formation and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization eventually resulted in the release of cytochrome c and activation of the Caspase pathway. However, these effects were not clearly seen in K562/CDDP, which may be the reason for the acquired CDDP resistance. However, Ethaselen can induce a high level of ROS in K562/CDDP by TrxR activity inhibition and increased ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in K562/CDDP by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) suppression, which subsequently induces the release of cytochrome c in K562/CDDP. This response is partly responsible for the reversal of the cisplatin resistance in K562/CDDP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo-Fu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Keaise Clinical Examination Lab, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Keaise Clinical Examination Lab, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Melatonin mitigates bisphenol A-induced estradiol production and proliferation by porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2018. [PMID: 29523361 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin plays a crucial role in the amelioration of reproductive toxicity induced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, very few studies have investigated the mitigating effects of melatonin on BPA-induced dysfunction in porcine granulosa cells. In the present study, primary granulosa cells were cultured in serum-low conditions with bisphenol A (BPA) (10 μM) with or without melatonin (100 μM), followed by evaluation of estradiol synthesis and cell proliferation. Our results showed that BPA significantly increased estradiol concentration and granulosa cell proliferation. Interestingly, melatonin co-incubation reduced the high levels of estradiol in porcine ovarian granulosa cells induced by BPA stimulation. Furthermore, melatonin co-incubation also attenuated BPA-induced proliferation as shown by a decline in the Ki67-positive cell ratio and PCNA expression level. However, treatment with melatonin-alone did not dramatically reduce estradiol levels or expression of proliferative regulatory protein markers (Ki67, PCNA). We hypothesize that the regulation by melatonin of estradiol biosynthesis and cellular proliferation is highly correlated with BPA stimulation. In conclusion, this study first showed that melatonin mitigated BPA-induced estradiol increase and proliferation in porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Our results suggest that melatonin may be a promising pharmacologic agent for preventing the potential reproductive toxicity caused by endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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Ke Q, Ye J, Wang B, Ren J, Yin L, Deng X, Wang S. Melatonin Mitigates Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating Polyamine Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 30018628 PMCID: PMC6037824 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a small molecular weight indoleamine molecule, is involved in various biological processes and responses to environmental cues in plants. However, its function in abiotic stress response and the underlying mechanisms is less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin on wheat seedlings growth under salt stress condition. Exogenous melatonin pretreatment partially mitigated the salt-induced inhibition of whole-plant growth as judged from shoot dry weight, IAA content, leaf photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemistry efficiency of photosystem II, and chlorophyll. The mitigation was also observed in reduced accumulation of H2O2 in melatonin-pretreated wheat seedlings exposed to salt stress. Exogenous melatonin increased endogenous melatonin content by evaluating the levels of TaSNAT transcript, which encodes a key regulatory enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, melatonin increased polyamine contents by accelerating the metabolic flow from the precursor amino acids arginine and methionine to polyamines; melatonin also decreased the degradation of salt-induced polyamines. Taken together, these results provide the evidence that melatonin mitigates salt stress mainly through its regulation on polyamine metabolism of wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bomei Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Shiwen Wang,
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Qin Y, Yang S, Xu J, Xia C, Li X, An L, Tian J. Deep insemination with sex-sorted Cashmere goat sperm processed in the presence of antioxidants. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:11-19. [PMID: 29205543 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometrically sex-sorted sperm have been widely used for improving reproductive management in the dairy industry. However, the industrial application of this technology in other domestic species is largely limited by the lower fertility after insemination. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of antioxidant supplementation during the sex-sorting and freezing process on the quality and functions of sorted sperm from Liaoning Cashmere goats. We tested the effects of antioxidant supplementation during sex-sorting and freezing process, including ascorbic acid-2-glucoside AA-2G, glutathione, melatonin and vitamin C (VC), on the quality and functions of sex-sorted fresh and frozen-thawed sperm. Based on these experiments, we performed deep insemination with sex-sorted sperm using our improved strategy, in comparison to unsorted sperm. In Experiment 1, compared with control group and other antioxidants, AA-2G supplementation significantly alleviated the degradation of motility and viability of fresh sperm after sorting and showed the highest percentage of sperm with normal morphology. In addition, AA-2G supplementation showed an evident protection against the sorting process-induced membrane and acrosome damage. In Experiment 2, AA-2G supplementation was most effective in protecting motility, while melatonin supplementation appears to facilitate the degradation of quality of frozen-thawed sex-sorted sperm. In Experiment 3, we performed deep insemination with sperm that were sorted and frozen in the presence of AA-2G and obtained a satisfying pregnancy rate comparable to that from unsorted sperm. The results showed that AA-2G supplementation efficiently protects quality and function of both fresh and frozen-thawed sex-sorted sperm of Cashmere goats, thus obtaining a satisfying pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - C Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - X Li
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - L An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González-Menéndez P, Hevia D, Cernuda-Cernuda R. Melatonin transport into mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3927-3940. [PMID: 28828619 PMCID: PMC11107582 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known, nighttime-produced indole found in bacteria, eukaryotic unicellulars, animals or vascular plants. In vertebrates, melatonin is the major product of the pineal gland, which accounts for its increase in serum during the dark phase, but it is also produced by many other organs and cell types. Such a wide distribution is consistent with its multiple and well-described functions which include from the circadian regulation and adaptation to seasonal variations to immunomodulatory and oncostatic actions in different types of tumors. The discovery of its antioxidant properties in the early 1990s opened a new field of potential protective functions in multiple tissues. A special mention should be made regarding the nervous system, where the indole is considered a major neuroprotector. Furthermore, mitochondria appear as one of the most important targets for the indole's protective actions. Melatonin's mechanisms of action vary from the direct molecular interaction with free radicals (free radical scavenger) to the binding to membrane (MLT1A and MLT1B) or nuclear receptors (RZR/RORα). Receptor binding has been associated with some, but not all of the indole functions reported to date. Recently, two new mechanisms of cellular uptake involving the facilitative glucose transporters GLUT/SLC2A and the proton-driven oligopeptide transporter PEPT1/2 have been reported. Here we discuss the potential importance that these newly discovered transport systems could have in determining the actions of melatonin, particularly in the mitochondria. We also argue the relative importance of passive diffusion vs active transport in different parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Melatonin Decreases Glucose Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells: A 13C Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081620. [PMID: 28933733 PMCID: PMC5578012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal neuroindole melatonin exerts an exceptional variety of systemic functions. Some of them are exerted through its specific membrane receptors type 1 and type 2 (MT1 and MT2) while others are mediated by receptor-independent mechanisms. A potential transport of melatonin through facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT/SLC2A) was proposed in prostate cancer cells. The prostate cells have a particular metabolism that changes during tumor progression. During the first steps of carcinogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation is reactivated while the switch to the “Warburg effect” only occurs in advanced tumors and in the metastatic stage. Here, we investigated whether melatonin might change prostate cancer cell metabolism. To do so, 13C stable isotope-resolved metabolomics in androgen sensitive LNCaP and insensitive PC-3 prostate cancer cells were employed. In addition to metabolite 13C-labeling, ATP/AMP levels, and lactate dehydrogenase or pentose phosphate pathway activity were measured. Melatonin reduces lactate labeling in androgen-sensitive cells and it also lowers 13C-labeling of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and ATP production. In addition, melatonin reduces lactate 13C-labeling in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. Results demonstrated that melatonin limits glycolysis as well as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the reduction of glucose uptake is a major target of the indole in this tumor type.
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Melatonin as an anti-inflammatory agent in radiotherapy. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:403-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Li Y, Hu N, Yang D, Oxenkrug G, Yang Q. Regulating the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism. FEBS J 2017; 284:948-966. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Gregory Oxenkrug
- Psychiatry and Inflammation Program Department of Psychiatry Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB) East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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16
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Mayo JC, Hevia D, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Cepas V, Gonzalez-Pola I, Sainz RM. IGFBP3 and MAPK/ERK signaling mediates melatonin-induced antitumor activity in prostate cancer. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27736013 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer among males, lacks successful strategies especially in advanced, hormone-refractory stages. Some clinical studies have shown an increase in neuroendocrine-like cells parallel to the tumor progression but their exact role is a matter of debate. The prostate is a well-known target for melatonin, which reduces PCa cells proliferation and induces neuroendocrine differentiation. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the indole effects on neuroendocrine differentiation and its impact on PCa progression, we used a cell culture model (LNCaP) and a murine model (TRAMP). Persistent ERK1/2 activation was found in both, melatonin and androgen-deprived cells. Melatonin blocked nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR), thus confirming anti-androgenic actions of the indole. However, using a comparative genome microarray to check the differentially expressed genes in control, melatonin, or androgen-deprived cells, some differences were found, suggesting a more complex role of the indole. By comparing control cells with those treated with melatonin or depleted of androgen, a cluster of 26 differentially expressed genes (±2.5-fold) was found. Kallikreins (KLK)2 and KLK3 (PSA) were dramatically downregulated by both treatments whereas IGFBP3 and IGF1R were up- and downregulated, respectively, in both experimental groups, thus showing a role for IGF in both scenarios. Finally, melatonin prolonged the survival of TRAMP mice by 33% when given at the beginning or at advances stages of the tumor. Serum IGFBP3 was significantly elevated by the indole in early stages of the tumor, confirming in vivo the role of the IGF signaling in the oncostatic action of the indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), C1, Marie Arsenian Henriksson group, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Gonzalez-Pola
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Chen F, Reheman A, Cao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Effect of melatonin on monochromatic light-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in the thymus of chickens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Margină D, Ilie M, Grădinaru D, Androutsopoulos VP, Kouretas D, Tsatsakis AM. Natural products-friends or foes? Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:154-67. [PMID: 25980574 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A trend in the general population has been observed in recent years regarding the orientation toward preventive measures in health; in this context the increased interest from the users and researchers concerning the active effect of food supplements on the health state and on longevity, is noticeable. All over the world, the consumption of natural foods and of vegetal supplements has increased spectacularly over the last 5-10 years. The decreased prevalence of cardio-vascular diseases associated with Mediterranean diet, as well as the French paradox convinced researchers to scientifically document the beneficial outcomes pointed out by traditional use of plants, and to try to develop supplements that would have the same positive effects as these noticed for diet components. The intense research dedicated to this topic revealed the fact that food supplements are linked to some problematic aspects, such as toxicological side effects when associated with classical synthetic drugs. The food supplement-drug interactions are submitted to complex issues regarding pharmacokinetic interactions leading to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes with direct impact on effect and toxicological potential. The present review based on recent literature aims at discussing the food-drug interactions with direct impact on efficacy and toxicity of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Margină
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ilie
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia St., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences & Toxicology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larisa, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences & Toxicology, Heraklion, Greece
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19
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Qin QP, Chen ZF, Qin JL, He XJ, Li YL, Liu YC, Huang KB, Liang H. Studies on antitumor mechanism of two planar platinum(II) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, cell cycle and apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:302-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Qin QP, Chen ZF, Shen WY, Jiang YH, Cao D, Li YL, Xu QM, Liu YC, Huang KB, Liang H. Synthesis of a platinum(II) complex with 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl) imidazo [4,5-f]-[1,10] phenanthrolin and study of its antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:77-87. [PMID: 25462228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new platinum(II) complex of [Pt(II)(L) (pn)]Cl·2H2O (1) (pn = 1,3-propanediamine) with 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)imidazo [4,5-f]-[1,10]phenanthrolin (H-L) was synthesized and characterized. In complex 1, the platinum adopts a four-coordinated square planar geometry. Complex 1 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against NCI-H460, BEL-7402, SK-OV-3, SK-OV-3/DDP and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values in the micromolar range (9.7-35.8 μM), but low cytotoxicity toward normal human liver HL-7702 cells. Complex 1 caused HeLa cell cycle arrest at S phase and it induced HeLa apoptosis by the activation of caspase-3/9. Various experiments showed that complex 1 preferred to bind with G-quadruplex in c-myc. Taken together, we found that complex 1 exerted its antitumor activity mainly via inhibiting telomerase by interaction with c-myc quadruplex and activation of caspase-3/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Wen-Ying Shen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Qing-Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ke-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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Hevia D, Mayo JC, Tan DX, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Sainz RM. Melatonin enhances photo-oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein by an antioxidant reaction that renders N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK). PLoS One 2014; 9:e109257. [PMID: 25275380 PMCID: PMC4183549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The indolamine melatonin (MEL) is described as an antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. However occasionally, the indoleamine has been reported to increase free radicals with insufficient mechanistic explanation. In an attempt to find a reason for those controversial results, a potential mechanism that explains MEL prooxidant activity is investigated. The current controversy about redox detection methods has prompted us to search a possible interaction between MEL and dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH2), perhaps the most widely fluorescence probe employed for free radicals detection in cellular models. Here, it is demonstrated that melatonin potentiates the photooxidation of DCFH2 in a cell-free system, increasing the production of its fluorescent metabolite. Indeed, MEL works as an antioxidant scavenging hydroxyl radicals in this system. Thus, this reaction between MEL and DCFH2 produces N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), a biogenic amine with antioxidant properties too. This reaction is O2 and light dependent and it is prevented by antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine or ascorbic acid. Furthermore, when DCFH2 has been employed to evaluate antioxidant or prooxidant activities of MEL in cellular models it is confirmed that it works as an antioxidant but these results can be modulated by light misleading to a prooxidant conclusion. In conclusion, here is demonstrated that DCFH2, light and melatonin interact and results obtained using these fluorescence probes in studies with melatonin have to be carefully interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C. Mayo
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Sainz
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Tocharus C, Puriboriboon Y, Junmanee T, Tocharus J, Ekthuwapranee K, Govitrapong P. Melatonin enhances adult rat hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation via ERK signaling pathway through melatonin receptor. Neuroscience 2014; 275:314-21. [PMID: 24956284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland, has a variety of physiological functions and neuroprotective effects. Previous studies have shown that melatonin could stimulate the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). Recent studies reported that the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of neural stem cells (NSCs) changed in response to the proliferative effect of melatonin. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the proliferative mechanism mediated by melatonin on the adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs. Treatment with melatonin significantly increased the number of neurospheres in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated nestin protein. Pretreatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, and PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, prevented the increase in the number of neurospheres formed by the activation of melatonin. The levels of phospho-c-Raf and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) increased when treated with melatonin. Pretreatment with luzindole or PD98059 prevented the melatonin-induced increase in these signaling molecules. The present results showed that melatonin could induce NS/PCs to proliferate by increasing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and c-Raf through melatonin receptor. These results provide further evidence for a role of melatonin in promoting neurogenesis, adding to the remarkably pleiotropic nature of this neurohormone. This intrinsic modulator deserves further investigation to better understand its physiological and therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Y Puriboriboon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - T Junmanee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - J Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - K Ekthuwapranee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - P Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Martínez-Alfaro M, Ramírez-García G, Gutiérrez-Granados S, Alcaraz-Contreras Y, Gallegos-Corona MA, de Larrea GZL, Cárabez-Trejo A. Melatonin attenuates the effects of sub-acute administration of lead on kidneys in rats without altering the lead-induced reduction in nitric oxide. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:364-9. [PMID: 23992869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to lead induces oxidative stress and renal damage. Although most forms of oxidative stress are characterized by simultaneous elevation of nitrogen and oxidative species, lead-induced oxidative stress is unusual in that it is associated with a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels in the kidney. The role of NO in kidney injury is controversial; some studies suggest that it is associated with renal injury, whereas others show that it exerts protective effects. Concentration-dependent effects have also been proposed, linking low levels with vasodilatation and high levels with toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin co-exposure on the lead-induced reduction in renal NO levels. We found that sub-acute intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg/day of lead for 15 days induced toxic levels of lead in the blood and caused renal toxicity (pathological and functional). Under our experimental conditions, lead induced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in NO. Melatonin co-treatment decreased lead-induced oxidative stress (peroxidation level) and toxic effects on kidneys without altering the lead-induced reduction in renal NO. These results suggest that, in our experimental model, the reduction in renal NO levels by lead exposure is not the only responsible factor for lead-induced kidney damage.
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Bizzarri M, Proietti S, Cucina A, Reiter RJ. Molecular mechanisms of the pro-apoptotic actions of melatonin in cancer: a review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1483-96. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.834890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rodriguez C, Martín V, Herrera F, García-Santos G, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Casado-Zapico S, Sánchez-Sánchez AM, Suárez S, Puente-Moncada N, Anítua MJ, Antolín I. Mechanisms involved in the pro-apoptotic effect of melatonin in cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6597-613. [PMID: 23528889 PMCID: PMC3645656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that melatonin exerts antitumoral effects in many cancer types, mostly decreasing cell proliferation at low concentrations. On the other hand, induction of apoptosis by melatonin has been described in the last few years in some particular cancer types. The cytotoxic effect occurs after its administration at high concentrations, and the molecular pathways involved have been only partially determined. Moreover, a synergistic effect has been found in several cancer types when it is administered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. In the present review, we will summarize published work on the pro-apoptotic effect of melatonin in cancer cells and the reported mechanisms involved in such action. We will also construct a hypothesis on how different cell signaling pathways may relate each other on account for such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodriguez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Federico Herrera
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Professor Egas Moniz Avenue, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guillermo García-Santos
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Sara Casado-Zapico
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana María Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santos Suárez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Noelia Puente-Moncada
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
- Oncology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María José Anítua
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Isaac Antolín
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, c/Julian Claveria 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; E-Mails: (V.M.); (F.H.); (G.G.-S.); (J.R.-B.); (S.C.-Z.); (A.M.S.-S.); (S.S.); (N.P.-M.); (M.J.A.); (I.A.)
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Cebrian-Serrano A, Salvador I, Raga E, Dinnyes A, Silvestre MA. Beneficial Effect of Melatonin on BlastocystIn VitroProduction from Heat-Stressed Bovine Oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:738-46. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Salvador
- Centro de Tecnología Animal; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Segorbe; Spain
| | - E Raga
- Centro de Tecnología Animal; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Segorbe; Spain
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27
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Rodriguez-Garcia A, Mayo JC, Hevia D, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Navarro M, Sainz RM. Phenotypic changes caused by melatonin increased sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:33-45. [PMID: 22738066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has antiproliferative properties in prostate cancer cells. Melatonin reduces proliferation without increasing apoptosis, and it promotes cell differentiation into a neuroendocrine phenotype. Because neuroendocrine cells displayed an androgen-independent growth and high resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the role of molecules that induce neuroendocrine differentiation was questioned in terms of their usefulness as oncostatic agents. By using human epithelial androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, the role of melatonin in drug-induced apoptosis was studied after acute treatments. In addition to cytokines such as hrTNF-alpha and TRAIL, chemotherapeutic compounds, including doxorubicin, docetaxel, or etoposide, were employed in combination with melatonin to promote cell death. Melatonin promotes cell toxicity caused by cytokines without influencing the actions of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, antioxidant properties of melatonin were confirmed in prostate cancer cells. However, its ability to increase cell death caused by cytokines was independent of the redox changes. Finally, phenotypic changes caused by chronic treatment with the indole, that is, neuroendocrine differentiation, make cells significantly more sensitive to cytokines and slightly more sensitive to some chemotherapeutic compounds. Thus, melatonin is a good inhibitor of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, promoting phenotypic changes that do not increase survival mechanisms and make cells more sensitive to cytokines such as TNF-alpha or TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Instituto Universitario Oncologico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Kumar A, Kumar K, Singh R, Puri G, Ranjan R, Yasotha T, Singh RK, Sarkar M, Bag S. Effect of mitotic inducers and retinoic acid blocker on expression of pluripotent genes in ES cells derived from early stage in vitro-produced embryos in buffalo. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:625-32. [PMID: 23093464 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
So far, it has been difficult to generate embryonic stem (ES) cell from early stage preimplantation embryos of buffalo. These ES cells will be more helpful for efficient embryo cloning and generation of body cells as they are more primitive than inner cell mass (ICM)-derived ES cells. The present study was conducted to find the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, a pineal gland product), and citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal and a retinoic acid synthesis blocker) on establishment of primary ES cell colonies, the comparative size of the ES cell colonies, and expression of pluripotent genes during extended period of culture in buffalo. Zona-free eight-cell stage in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos were cultured in ES cell medium supplemented with none (media I as control), LPS (media II), citral melatonin (media III), or melatonin (media IV). The multiplication of blastomere leading to ES cell colony formation and expression of pluripotent genes were assessed up to day 20 of culture. The primary colony formation, the comparative size of the ES cell colonies, and expression of pluripotent genes in these colonies were better in the medium supplemented with melatonin in all days of culture. Within melatonin supplementation, the colony size was comparatively larger on day 8 and day 12 of culture. Further, with this supplementation, the Oct-4 and Nanog expression was comparatively higher on all days of culture. The results indicated that supplementation of melatonin helped in the formation of better primary ES cell colony as well as in the maintenance of pluripotency. The results also indicated that primary colonies developed on day 8 to day 12 of culture may be better for passaging them for establishment of ES cell line from early stage preimplantation IVF embryos of in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Reproductive Physiology and Embryo Transfer Technology Laboratory, Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
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29
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Mercan S, Eren B. Protective role of melatonin supplementation against nicotine-induced liver damage in mouse. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:888-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712446725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine histopathological effects of nicotine, one of the most significant components of tobacco, on mouse liver and ameliorative effect of melatonin on liver damage. A total of 140 mature Swiss Albino mice ( Mus musculus) were divided into four experimental groups: control group, nicotine group, melatonin group and nicotine + melatonin group. Each group was further subdivided into seven groups (five mice each) according to the time of killing (12 h and days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 after drug administration). In nicotine and nicotine + melatonin groups, 3 mg/kg of nicotine was injected intraperitoneally every day until killing. The nicotine + melatonin group was additionally injected with 10 mg/kg of melatonin after 30 min of nicotine injection. The melatonin group was injected only with 10 mg/kg of melatonin every day until killing. All the treatments were given 2 h before sunset, when melatonin receptors were active. After the last injection, five mice from each group were killed at 12th hour and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21; the livers were removed for histopathological processing by light microscopy. The histopathological results revealed time-dependent degeneration in the livers of mice in nicotine group. Regenerative changes in the nicotine and melatonin groups were observed when compared with nicotine groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Mercan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Banu Eren
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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30
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Radical decisions in cancer: redox control of cell growth and death. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:442-74. [PMID: 24213319 PMCID: PMC3712695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals play a key role in many physiological decisions in cells. Since free radicals are toxic to cellular components, it is known that they cause DNA damage, contribute to DNA instability and mutation and thus favor carcinogenesis. However, nowadays it is assumed that free radicals play a further complex role in cancer. Low levels of free radicals and steady state levels of antioxidant enzymes are responsible for the fine tuning of redox status inside cells. A change in redox state is a way to modify the physiological status of the cell, in fact, a more reduced status is found in resting cells while a more oxidative status is associated with proliferative cells. The mechanisms by which redox status can change the proliferative activity of cancer cells are related to transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications of proteins that play a critical role in cell cycle control. Since cancer cells show higher levels of free radicals compared with their normal counterparts, it is believed that the anti-oxidative stress mechanism is also increased in cancer cells. In fact, the levels of some of the most important antioxidant enzymes are elevated in advanced status of some types of tumors. Anti-cancer treatment is compromised by survival mechanisms in cancer cells and collateral damage in normal non-pathological tissues. Though some resistance mechanisms have been described, they do not yet explain why treatment of cancer fails in several tumors. Given that some antitumoral treatments are based on the generation of free radicals, we will discuss in this review the possible role of antioxidant enzymes in the survival mechanism in cancer cells and then, its participation in the failure of cancer treatments.
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Lanoix D, Lacasse AA, Reiter RJ, Vaillancourt C. Melatonin: the smart killer: the human trophoblast as a model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:1-11. [PMID: 21889572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has both the ability to induce intrinsic apoptosis in tumor cells while it inhibits it in non-tumor cells. Melatonin kills tumor cells through induction of reactive oxygen species generation and activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. In contrast, melatonin promotes the survival of non-tumor cells due to its antioxidant properties and the inhibition of pro-apoptotic pathways. In primary human villous trophoblast, a known pseudo-tumorigenic tissue, melatonin promotes the survival through inhibition of the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway while in BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line melatonin induces permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane leading to cellular death. These findings suggest that the trophoblast is a good model to study the differential effects of melatonin on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This review describes the differential effects of melatonin on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tumor and non-tumor cells and presents the trophoblast as a novel model system in which to study these effects of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Lanoix
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
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32
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Sánchez-Sánchez AM, Martín V, García-Santos G, Rodríguez-Blanco J, Casado-Zapico S, Suarez-Garnacho S, Antolín I, Rodriguez C. Intracellular redox state as determinant for melatonin antiproliferative vs cytotoxic effects in cancer cells. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:1333-41. [PMID: 21923620 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.623700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous indolamine, classically known as a light/dark regulator. Besides classical functions, melatonin has also showed to have a wide range of antitumoral effects in numerous cancer experimental models. However, no definite mechanism has been described to explain the whole range of antineoplasic effects. Here we describe a dual effect of melatonin on intracellular redox state in relation to its antiproliferative vs cytotoxic actions in cancer cells. Thus, inhibition of proliferation correlates with a decrease on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase of antioxidant defences (antioxidant enzymes and intracellular gluthation,GSH levels), while induction of cell death correlates with an increase on intracellular ROS and decrease of antioxidant defences. Moreover, cell death can be prevented by other well-known antioxidants or can be increased by hydrogen peroxide. Thus, tumour cell fate will depend on the ability of melatonin to induce either an antioxidant environment--related to the antiproliferative effect or a prooxidant environment related to the cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Sánchez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Tsai CH, Vivero-Escoto JL, Slowing II, Fang IJ, Trewyn BG, Lin VSY. Surfactant-assisted controlled release of hydrophobic drugs using anionic surfactant templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6234-44. [PMID: 21684000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized using the co-structure directing method. A non-cytotoxic anionic surfactant, undec-1-en-11-yltetra(ethylene glycol) phosphate monoester surfactant (PMES), was used as a structure directing agent (SDA) together with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane that functioned as a co-structure directing agent (CSDA). The morphology and mesoporous structure of these materials were tuned by changing the molar ratio of CSDA and SDA. These mesoporous nanomaterials containing PMES inside the pores showed excellent biocompatibility in vitro. The cellular internalization and endosome escape of PMES-MSNs in cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. The PMES-MSNs were used as drug delivery carriers for resveratrol, a low water solubility drug, by taking advantage of the hydrophobic environment created by the PMES micelle inside the pores. This surfactant-assisted delivery strategy was tested under physiological conditions showing an increase of the drug loading compared to the material without surfactant and steady release of resveratrol. Finally, the therapeutic properties of resveratrol-loaded PMES-MSNs were evaluated in vitro using HeLa and Chinese hamster ovarian cells. We envision that this surfactant-assisted drug delivery method using MSNs as nanovehicles would lead to a new generation of carrier materials for intracellular delivery of a variety of hydrophobic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3111, USA.
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34
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Characterisation of beneficial and detrimental effects of a soy peptone, as an additive for CHO cell cultivation. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sotthibundhu A, Phansuwan-Pujito P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin increases proliferation of cultured neural stem cells obtained from adult mouse subventricular zone. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:291-300. [PMID: 20663047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a circadian rhythm-promoting molecule secreted mainly by the pineal gland, has a variety of biological functions and neuroprotective effects including control of sleep-wake cycle, seasonal reproduction, and body temperature as well as preventing neuronal cell death induced by neurotoxic substances. Melatonin also modulates neural stem cell (NSC) function including proliferation and differentiation in embryonic brain tissue. However, the involvement of melatonin in adult neurogenesis is still not clear. Here, we report that precursor cells from adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, the main neurogenic area of the adult brain, express melatonin receptors. In addition, precursor cells derived from this area treated with melatonin exhibited increased proliferative activity. However, when cells were treated with luzindole, a competitive inhibitor of melatonin receptors, or pertussis toxin, an uncoupler of Gi from adenylate cyclase, melatonin-induced proliferation was reduced. Under these conditions, melatonin induced the differentiation of precursor cells to neuronal cells without an upregulation of the number of glia cells. Because stem cell replacement is thought to play an important therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases, melatonin might be beneficial for stimulating endogenous neural stem cells.
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36
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Chow HHS, Garland LL, Hsu CH, Vining DR, Chew WM, Miller JA, Perloff M, Crowell JA, Alberts DS. Resveratrol modulates drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in a healthy volunteer study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:1168-75. [PMID: 20716633 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has been shown to exhibit cancer-preventive activities in preclinical studies. We conducted a clinical study to determine the effect of pharmacologic doses of resveratrol on drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Forty-two healthy volunteers underwent baseline assessment of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and phase II detoxification enzymes. CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 enzyme activities were measured by the metabolism of caffeine, dextromethorphan, losartan, and buspirone, respectively. Blood lymphocyte glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and GST-pi level and serum total and direct bilirubin, a surrogate for UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A1 activity, were measured to assess phase II enzymes. After the baseline evaluation, study participants took 1 g of resveratrol once daily for 4 weeks. Enzyme assessment was repeated upon intervention completion. Resveratrol intervention was found to inhibit the phenotypic indices of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 and to induce the phenotypic index of 1A2. Overall, GST and UGT1A1 activities were minimally affected by the intervention, although an induction of GST-pi level and UGT1A1 activity was observed in individuals with low baseline enzyme level/activity. We conclude that resveratrol can modulate enzyme systems involved in carcinogen activation and detoxification, which may be one mechanism by which resveratrol inhibits carcinogenesis. However, pharmacologic doses of resveratrol could potentially lead to increased adverse drug reactions or altered drug efficacy due to inhibition or induction of certain CYPs. Further clinical development of resveratrol for cancer prevention should consider evaluation of lower doses of resveratrol to minimize adverse metabolic drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Sherry Chow
- Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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37
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Cabrera J, Negrín G, Estévez F, Loro J, Reiter RJ, Quintana J. Melatonin decreases cell proliferation and induces melanogenesis in human melanoma SK-MEL-1 cells. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:45-54. [PMID: 20459460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland, and after its release into the blood, it has an extensive repertoire of biological activities, including antitumoral properties. In this study, we found that melatonin reduced the growth of the human melanoma cells SK-MEL-1. The antiproliferative effect was associated with an alteration in the progression of the phases of the cell cycle and also with an increase in tyrosinase activity, the key regulatory enzyme of melanogenesis. Antagonists for melatonin membrane receptors (luzindole and 4-P-PDOT) and the general G-coupled receptor inhibitor, pertussis toxin, did not prevent the melatonin-induced cell growth arrest; this suggests a mechanism independent of G-coupled membrane receptors. In contrast, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway seems to play a significant role in cell growth inhibition by melatonin. The indoleamine-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the effect on cell proliferation were abrogated by the specific inhibitor SB203580. Furthermore, comparative studies with known antioxidants such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine and trolox indicate that the growth of SK-MEL-1 cells is highly sensitive to antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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38
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Monitoring intracellular melatonin levels in human prostate normal and cancer cells by HPLC. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1235-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Martín V, García-Santos G, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Casado-Zapico S, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Antolín I, Medina M, Rodriguez C. Melatonin sensitizes human malignant glioma cells against TRAIL-induced cell death. Cancer Lett 2009; 287:216-23. [PMID: 19632770 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the common expression of death receptors, many types of cancer including gliomas are resistant to the death receptor ligand (TRAIL). Melatonin antitumoral actions have been extensively described, including oncostatic properties on several tumor types and improvement of chemotherapeutic regimens. Here, we found that melatonin effectively increase cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell apoptosis in A172 and U87 human glioma cells. The effect seems to be related to a modulation of PKC activity which in turns decreases Akt activation leading to an increase in death receptor 5 (DR5) levels and a decrease in the antiapoptotic proteins survivin and bcl-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Martín
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Spain.
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40
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Melatonin prevents the development of hyperplastic urothelium induced by repeated doses of cyclophosphamide. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:657-66. [PMID: 19381685 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy increases the risk of developing bladder cancer, which could be due to the extremely rapid proliferation of urothelial cells observed in hyperplastic urothelium induced by CP treatment. We investigated the effect of melatonin on the development of urothelial hyperplasia induced by repeated CP treatment. Male ICR mice were injected with CP (150 mg/kg) or melatonin (10 mg/kg) with CP once a week for 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to study the ultrastructure, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of urothelial cells. Repeated doses of CP caused the development of hyperplastic urothelium with up to ten cell layers and increased proliferation and apoptotic indices regarding Ki-67 and active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations, cytokeratin and asymmetrical unit membrane immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed a lower differentiation state of superficial urothelial cells. Melatonin co-treatment prevented the development of hyperplastic urothelium, statistically significantly decreased proliferation and apoptotic indices after four and five doses of CP and caused higher differentiation state of superficial urothelial cells.
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Paulose JK, Peters JL, Karaganis SP, Cassone VM. Pineal melatonin acts as a circadian zeitgeber and growth factor in chick astrocytes. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:286-94. [PMID: 19196435 PMCID: PMC2674028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is rhythmically synthesized and released by the avian pineal gland and retina during the night, targeting an array of tissues and affecting a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. Among these targets, astrocytes express two melatonin receptor subtypes in vitro, the Mel(1A) and Mel(1C) receptors, which play a role in regulating metabolic activity and calcium homeostasis in these cells. Molecular characterization of chick astrocytes has revealed the expression of orthologs of the mammalian clock genes including clock, cry1, cry2, per2, and per3. To test the hypothesis that pineal melatonin entrains molecular clockworks in downstream cells, we asked whether coculturing astrocytes with pinealocytes or administration of exogenous melatonin cycles would entrain metabolic rhythms of 2-deoxy [14C]-glucose (2DG] uptake and/or clock gene expression in cultured astrocytes. Rhythmic secretion of melatonin from light-entrained pinealocytes in coculture as well as cyclic administration of exogenous melatonin entrained rhythms of 2DG uptake and expression of Gallus per2 (gper2) and/or gper3, but not of gcry1 mRNA. Surprisingly, melatonin also caused a dose-dependent increase in mitotic activity of astrocytes, both in coculture and when administered exogenously. The observation that melatonin stimulates mitotic activity in diencephalic astrocytes suggests a trophic role of the hormone in brain development. The data suggest a dual role for melatonin in avian astrocytes: synchronization of rhythmic processes in these cells and regulation of growth and differentiation. These two processes may or may not be mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L. Peters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Vincent M. Cassone
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Hevia D, Sainz RM, Blanco D, Quirós I, Tan DX, Rodríguez C, Mayo JC. Melatonin uptake in prostate cancer cells: intracellular transport versus simple passive diffusion. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:247-57. [PMID: 18341516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indole mainly synthesized in the pineal gland during the dark phase, plays a role as an endogenous antioxidant and an anticancer agent in many tumors. Melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, inhibits cell growth and induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. Classically it has been considered that melatonin enters freely into most of cells by passive diffusion through the cell membrane; however, there are few studies examining how melatonin is taken up by cancer cells. The aim of the present paper was to study the uptake of melatonin into human androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Increased concentrations of melatonin induced a rapid and transitory rise in intracellular melatonin content in both cell types, with a peak of maximal content at 6 hr after melatonin addition, following a rhythmic uptake; melatonin was found in both cytoplasm and nuclear fractions. Inhibition of protein or RNA synthesis partially blocked melatonin uptake in both cell lines. Interestingly, melatonin pulse incubation led to a higher uptake after four cycles of pulse incubation. Neither extracellular Ca(2+)/K(+) alterations nor the presence of bovine serum albumin or charcoal-stripped serum modified the profile of melatonin uptake. On the contrary, chemical binding of melatonin to BSA totally prevented melatonin from entering into cells. The present data support the hypothesis that a facilitated diffusion or an active process rather than simple passive diffusion through the cell membrane is the major mechanism in melatonin uptake by prostate cancer cells and it accounts for its intracellular concentration (350 nM-3.3 microM), which is related to its anti-tumor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
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43
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Sainz RM, Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Roldan F, Natarajan M, Quiros I, Hevia D, Rodriguez C, Mayo JC. Critical role of glutathione in melatonin enhancement of tumor necrosis factor and ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:258-70. [PMID: 18384530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of antioxidants in reducing cancer initiation and progression has been highlighted in recent years. Not only antioxidants limit cancer cell growth but also, in some situations, they promote the effectiveness of conventional treatments. Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized antioxidant, reduces cell growth of several tumor types both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the indole limits the collateral damage induced by many chemotherapeutic agents. By using a cellular model of human prostate cancer, we studied the ability of melatonin to enhance apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor or gamma radiation. It has been reported that melatonin reduces prostate cancer cell growth and, more recently, it promotes cell differentiation. In this work, we also show that melatonin elevates p21 protein levels and increases antioxidant capacity of prostate cancer cells. In addition, melatonin significantly enhances hrTNFalpha induced cell death by decreasing NFkappaB activation. Bcl-2 and survivin down-regulation appears to be associated to apoptosis stimulation under NFkappaB inhibition. On the contrary, melatonin does not promote irradiation-induced cell death due to an increment in intracellular glutathione content. In conclusion, prevention of NFkappaB activation by melatonin enhances the effectiveness of cytokine treatment in prostate cancer cells but it is not sufficient to enhance cell death triggered by other therapies which generate free radicals. A crucial role of glutathione in survival mechanisms of prostate cancer cells should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
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Guneli E, Tugyan K, Ozturk H, Gumustekin M, Cilaker S, Uysal N. Effect of Melatonin on Testicular Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Rats. Eur Surg Res 2008; 40:354-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000118032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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45
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Picinato MC, Hirata AE, Cipolla-Neto J, Curi R, Carvalho CRO, Anhê GF, Carpinelli AR. Activation of insulin and IGF-1 signaling pathways by melatonin through MT1 receptor in isolated rat pancreatic islets. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:88-94. [PMID: 18078453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin diminishes insulin release through the activation of MT1 receptors and a reduction in cAMP production in isolated pancreatic islets of neonate and adult rats and in INS-1 cells (an insulin-secreting cell line). The pancreas of pinealectomized rats exhibits degenerative pathological changes with low islet density, indicating that melatonin plays a role to ensure the functioning of pancreatic beta cells. By using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analysis we demonstrated, in isolated rat pancreatic islets, that melatonin induces insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-R) and insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine phosphorylation and mediates the activities of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERKs pathways, which are involved in cell survival and growth, respectively. Thus, the effects of melatonin on pancreatic islets do not involve a reduction in cAMP levels only. This indoleamine may regulate growth and differentiation of pancreatic islets by activating IGF-I and insulin receptor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Picinato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Janecka IP. Colon Cancer and Physical Activity: A Content Analysis of Reciprocal Relationship. Clin Med Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality and its incidence is increasing worldwide. This is true in spite of broad basic research into colon cancer while, concurrently, physical activity has been shown to offer significant preventive potential. This background led to the formulation of the following research questions: • Why is physical activity so effective in decreasing the incidence of colon cancer? • Is there a common denominator to colon cancer and physical activity, which has a reciprocal function? • Knowing the potential for public health impact of physical activity on colon cancer, has physical activity-colon cancer relationship been in the forefront of research efforts? Methods Content analysis of archival literature has been carried out on census of 32,822 message units, extracted from the National Library of Medicine and its PubMed database. The following search terms were used: colon cancer, physical activity, melatonin, age/genetics, diet (obesity, vitamin D, calcium), immunity/inflammation, and bioactive substances incorporating insulin-like growth factor 1, interleukins, and prostaglandins. The research timeframe for each category began with the first article published and ended with the last one printed in 2005. Results/Conclusions The effectiveness of physical activity in decreasing the incidence of colon cancer is likely the result of its biologic activity within not one or two but all of the major known colon cancer etiologies, demonstrating a powerful reciprocal relationship. Melatonin is identified as a plausible common denominator of colon cancer and physical activity. The greatest volume of publications deals with colon cancer and genetics. A significant societal health care impact could be achieved by adopting physical activity as a major cancer control strategy.
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Martín V, Herrera F, García-Santos G, Antolín I, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Medina M, Rodriguez C. Involvement of protein kinase C in melatonin's oncostatic effect in C6 glioma cells. J Pineal Res 2007; 43:239-44. [PMID: 17803520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Classical anticancer therapies often are ineffective in patients with malignant glioma who have a survival of <1 year. Our previous studies showed a potent inhibitory effect of melatonin on glioma cell proliferation. This effect seems to be mediated by the well-known antioxidant properties of this molecule and the negative regulation of some intracellular effectors, such as the kinase Akt or the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Finally, protein kinase C (PKC) also seems to be implicated in this effect although the intracellular pathways involved have not been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the role of PKC in the regulation by melatonin of intracellular effectors leading to inhibition of cell proliferation. Activation of PKC by incubation with triphorbol ester acetate (TPA) blocks the inhibitory effect of melatonin on Akt and NF-kappaB activity. Moreover, incubation with melatonin induces a decrease in p21 expression in these cells that is partially blocked by co-incubation with TPA. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin's oncostatic effect on glioma cells is mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of PKC activity which, in turn, results in Akt and NF-kappaB activity inhibition and modulation of cell cycle-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Martín
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Janecka IP. Cancer control through principles of systems science, complexity, and chaos theory: a model. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4:164-73. [PMID: 17589568 PMCID: PMC1891444 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant medical and societal problem. This reality arises from the fact that an exponential and an unrestricted cellular growth destabilizes human body as a system. From this perspective, cancer is a manifestation of a system-in-failing.A model of normal and abnormal cell cycle oscillations has been developed incorporating systems science, complexity, and chaos theories. Using this model, cancer expresses a failing subsystem and is characterized by a positive exponential growth taking place in the outer edge of chaos. The overall survival of human body as a system is threatened. This model suggests, however, that cancer's exponential cellular growth and disorganized complexity could be controlled through the process of induction of differentiation of cancer stem cells into cells of low and basic functionality. This concept would imply reorientation of current treatment principles from cellular killing (cyto-toxic therapies) to cellular retraining (cyto-education).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo P Janecka
- Health Research International, St. Helena Island, SC 29920, USA.
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Suresh C, Dennis AO, Heinz J, Vemuri MC, Chetty CS. Melatonin protection against lead-induced changes in human neuroblastoma cell cultures. Int J Toxicol 2007; 25:459-64. [PMID: 17132604 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600959576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is the primary target for low-levels of lead (Pb) exposure and the developing brain appears to be especially vulnerable to Pb neurotoxicity. Chronic low-level Pb exposure causes growth retardation and intellectual impairment. In the present study the protective effect of melatonin during exposure to low-levels of Pb in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures was assessed. The cells were exposed to Pb (0.01 to 10 microM) for 48 h. Pb inhibited the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. A 50% inhibition (IC50) of cell proliferation was observed at about 5 microM Pb. Pb decreased (16% to 62%) the levels of total cellular glutathione (GSH) in a concentration (0.1 to 10 microM)-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to Pb (5 microM) for 48 h resulted in an eightfold increase in caspase-3 activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level. Pretreatment with melatonin (10 microM) blocked the effects of Pb on GSH content and caspase-3 activity, and showed significant improvement in reducing the level of PGE2. The results suggest that some of the neurotoxic effects of Pb may be partly mediated by apoptosis and pretreatment with melatonin can prevent these effects. The present study asserts the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in conditions of Pb-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma cell cultures.
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Adriaens I, Jacquet P, Cortvrindt R, Janssen K, Smitz J. Melatonin has dose-dependent effects on folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation capacity and steroidogenesis. Toxicology 2006; 228:333-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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