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Gong C, Chen S, Tang Y, Chen H, Xie J, Lv Y, Shen Z, Zhu Y, Wang S, Ge RS, Zhao J. Effects of organochlorine pesticides on human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 activity: Structure-activity relationship and in silico docking analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106510. [PMID: 38508472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 11 organochlorine pesticides on human and rat 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) in human placental and rat ovarian microsome and on estradiol production in BeWo cells. The results showed that the IC50 values for endosulfan, fenhexamid, chlordecone, and rhothane on human 17β-HSD1 were 21.37, 73.25, 92.80, and 117.69 μM. Kinetic analysis revealed that endosulfan acts as a competitive inhibitor, fenhexamid as a mixed/competitive inhibitor, chlordecone and rhothane as a mixed/uncompetitive inhibitor. In BeWo cells, all insecticides except endosulfan significantly decreased estradiol production at 100 μM. For rats, the IC50 values for dimethomorph, fenhexamid, and chlordecone were 11.98, 36.92, and 109.14 μM. Dimethomorph acts as a mixed inhibitor, while fenhexamid acts as a mixed/competitive inhibitor. Docking analysis revealed that endosulfan and fenhexamid bind to the steroid-binding site of human 17β-HSD1. On the other hand, chlordecone and rhothane binds to a different site other than the steroid and NADPH-binding site. Dimethomorph binds to the steroid/NADPH binding site, and fenhexamid binds to the steroid binding site of rat 17β-HSD1. Bivariate correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IC50 values and LogP for human 17β-HSD1, while a slight negative correlation was observed between IC50 values and the number of HBA. ADMET analysis provided insights into the toxicokinetics and toxicity of organochlorine pesticides. In conclusion, this study identified the inhibitory effects of 3-4 organochlorine pesticides and binding mechanisms on human and rat 17β-HSD1, as well as their impact on hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Sailing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huiqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianghuan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yanning Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhefan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Wen C, Chen H, Tang Y, Lin H, Xu C, Ying Y, Zhu Y, Miao X, Ge RS, Chen C, Chen S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances inhibit human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: Quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116173. [PMID: 38452703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances are enduring industrial materials. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 1 (17β-HSD1) is an estrogen metabolizing enzyme, which transforms estrone into estradiol in human placenta and rat ovary. Whether PFAS inhibit 17β-HSD1 and what the structure-activity relationship (SAR) remains unexplored. We screened 18 PFAS for inhibiting human and rat 17β-HSD1 in microsomes and studied their SAR and mode of action(MOA). Of the 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), C8-C14 PFCAs at a concentration of 100 μM substantially inhibited human 17β-HSD1, with order of C11 (half-maximal inhibition concentration, IC50, 8.94 μM) > C10 (10.52 μM) > C12 (14.90 μM) > C13 (30.97 μM) > C9 (43.20 μM) > C14 (44.83 μM) > C8 (73.38 μM) > others. Of the 7 per- and poly-fluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), the potency was C8S (IC50, 14.93 μM) > C7S (80.70 μM) > C6S (177.80 μM) > others. Of the PFCAs, C8-C14 PFCAs at 100 μM markedly reduced rat 17β-HSD1 activity, with order of C11 (IC50, 9.11 μM) > C12 (14.30 μM) > C10 (18.24 μM) > C13 (25.61 μM) > C9 (67.96 μM) > C8 (204.39 μM) > others. Of the PFSAs, the potency was C8S (IC50, 37.19 μM) > C7S (49.38 μM) > others. In contrast to PFOS (C6S), the partially fluorinated compound 6:2 FTS with an equivalent number of carbon atoms demonstrated no inhibition of human and rat 17β-HSD1 activity at a concentration of 100 μM. The inhibition of human and rat enzymes by PFAS followed a V-shaped trend from C4 to C14, with a nadir at C11. Moreover, human 17β-HSD1 was more sensitive than rat enzyme. PFAS inhibited human and rat 17β-HSD1 in a mixed mode. Docking analysis revealed that they bind to the NADPH and steroid binding site of both 17β-HSD1 enzymes. The 3D quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR) showed that hydrophobic region, hydrogen bond acceptor and donor are key factors in binding to 17β-HSD1 active sites. In conclusion, PFAS exhibit inhibitory effects on human and rat 17β-HSD1 depending on factors such as carbon chain length, degree of fluorination, and the presence of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid groups, with a notable V-shaped shift observed at C11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Xinjun Miao
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Wang K, Cheng Y, Guo T, Guo X, Zhang H, Ma X, Pan Y, Kebreab E, Wang D, Lyu L. Analyzing the interactions of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs to predict ceRNA networks in bovine cystic follicular granulosa cells. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1028867. [PMID: 36311668 PMCID: PMC9606814 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) may play a critical role in revealing potential mechanism of bovine follicular cysts. Ovarian cyst has always been an intractable scientific problem and has led to considerable economic losses to bovine breeding industry. However, its pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms are still not well understood. Here, this study aimed to investigate the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the ceRNA networks in bovine follicular cyst. Whole transcriptome sequencing of bovine follicular granulosa cells (GCs) was conducted to obtain the expression profiles of mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs. The results for the identified expressions of 8,003 mRNAs, 579 lncRNAs and 205 miRNAs were often altered between cystic and normal follicular GCs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed on these differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the ceRNA network combining mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs using several bioinformatics methods based on co-expression analysis between the differentially expressed RNAs was conducted. Finally, the lncRNA NONBTAT027373.1-miR-664b-HSD17B7 pathway was verified by dual-luciferase reporting assay and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. LncRNA NONBTAT027373.1 sponged miR-664b in GCs and prevented miR-664b from binding to the HSD17B7 3′-UTR. These results indicated that genes and lncRNAs related to steroid hormone synthesis and energy metabolism could play important roles in the formation of bovine cystic follicles through the ceRNA mechanism and represent candidate targets for further research. This can be used as a practical guideline for promoting healthy and highly efficient development in the bovine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Dong Wang
| | - Lihua Lyu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China,*Correspondence: Lihua Lyu
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Shi H, Ru X, Pan S, Jiang D, Huang Y, Zhu C, Li G. Transcriptomic analysis of pituitary in female and male spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) after 17β-estradiol injection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 41:100949. [PMID: 34942522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is a popular species of marine fish cultured in China. It shows normal sexual growth dimorphism. Female spotted scat grows quicker and bigger than males. Growth and reproduction are the most important traits in aquaculture. In vertebrates, the pituitary gland occupies an important position in the growth and reproduction axis. Estrogen is involved in regulating growth and reproduction in the pituitary gland in an endocrine fashion. Transcriptome sequencing of the pituitary was performed in female and male fish at 6 h after 17β-estradiol injection (4.0 μg E2/g body weight, BW). Compared with the pituitary of female and male groups, 144 and 64 genes [|log2(fold change)| ≥ 1.0 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] were significantly differentially expressed in E2-injected females and males, respectively (p < 0.05). Of these, 59 and 48 were up-regulated, and 85 and 16 were down-regulated. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway analyses, DEGs were involved in signal pathways, such as growth, reproduction, oocyte meiosis and steroid biosynthesis. Of these, estrogen affected the expression of some sex steroid synthesis and receptor genes in the pituitary gland through feedback, such as hsd17b7, pgr and cyp19a1b, regulating the reproductive activities. Besides, some growth-related genes, such as gap43, junbb, mstn2 and insm1a responded to estrogen. E2 might affect the expression level of gh mRNA by regulating the expression levels of growth-related genes. Our results provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of growth and reproduction regulation at the pituitary level of spotted scat responded to E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Shi
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaoying Ru
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory-Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuhui Pan
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangli Li
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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Thériault JF, Poirier D, Lin SX. The multi-specific human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7: Non-competitive inhibitors can target different catalyses to facilitate breast cancer treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105963. [PMID: 34400276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7), a special multifunctional enzyme, activates the estrogen estrone while inactivating the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone. Thus, this enzyme has become an ideal target for hormone-dependent breast cancer treatment, as its inhibition leads to estradiol reduction and dihydrotestosterone restoration. However, a particular concern has arisen related to an additional role in cholesterol biosynthesis, as inhibition of the enzyme may lead to undesirable side effects. Our findings demonstrate that the available enzyme inhibitors are non-competitive. Among these, many such as INH81, are specific toward sex-hormone conversion, whereas others represented by 4-bromo-ethynylestradiol, are more specific for zymosterone reduction occurring during cholesterol biosynthesis. The binding of non-competitive inhibitors does not affect the substrate binding on the enzyme. This is the first demonstration of non-competitive inhibitors acting selectively on different catalyses, thereby facilitating inhibitor uses for breast cancer treatment. We aim to quickly communicate the novel results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Thériault
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, 9, rue McMahon, Québec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, 9, rue McMahon, Québec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL), 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, 9, rue McMahon, Québec City, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada.
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Tavares Pereira M, Papa P, Reichler IM, Aslan S, Kowalewski MP. Luteal expression of factors involved in the metabolism and sensitivity to oestrogens in the dog during pregnancy and in non-pregnant cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:86-97. [PMID: 34704613 PMCID: PMC9298758 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The canine corpus luteum (CL) is the main source of reproductive steroids during dioestrus in the dog and remains active even in the absence of pregnancy (non‐pregnant dioestrus, physiological pseudopregnancy). Whereas the biological effects of 17β‐oestradiol (E2) in the canine CL remain unclear, the transcriptional availability of oestrogen receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, as well as other modulators of local availability of E2, for example, HSD17B7 (converts oestrone into oestradiol), SULT1E1 (inactivates E2 binding capacity to its own receptors through sulphonation) and STS (reverts E2 sulphonation), were previously detected in the CL of non‐pregnant bitches. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the mRNA amounts of these factors involved in luteal sensitivity and metabolism of E2 in the canine CL during the course of non‐pregnant dioestrus (days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 post‐ovulation, n = 5/group) and at different stages of pregnancy (n = 4‐6/group): pre‐implantation (days 8–12), post‐implantation (days 18–25), mid‐gestation (days 35–40) and prepartum luteolysis. During pregnancy, the availability of ESR1, HSD17B7, SULT1E1 and STS decreased from mid‐pregnancy to prepartum luteolysis. The main findings during non‐pregnant dioestrus were as follows: increased ESR2:ESR1 ratio on days 40 and 50 after ovulation, decreasing during luteal regression (day 60); increased STS at day 30 when SULT1E1 levels decreased; increased availability of SULT1E1 transcripts during luteal regression; and decreased amounts of HSD17B7 mRNA in early dioestrus, increasing towards later stages. These results suggest that E2 signalling and biologically active local concentrations could diverge in response to time and pregnancy status of the bitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tavares Pereira
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Papa
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iris Margaret Reichler
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selim Aslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Mariusz Pawel Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Vetsuisse Faculty, Center for Clinical Studies (ZKS), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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A Targeted-Covalent Inhibitor of 17β-HSD1 Blocks Two Estrogen-Biosynthesis Pathways: In Vitro (Metabolism) and In Vivo (Xenograft) Studies in T-47D Breast Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081841. [PMID: 33924352 PMCID: PMC8069897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is responsible for the production of estrogens estradiol (E2) and 5-androsten-3β,17β-diol (5-diol). This enzyme is therefore a target of choice for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis, by blocking estrogen biosynthesis. After we developed the first irreversible and non-estrogenic 17β-HSD1 inhibitor, a molecule named PBRM, our goal was to demonstrate its therapeutic potential. PBRM was able to block the formation of E2 and 5-diol in T-47D human breast cancer cells. When given orally to mice, PBRM was also able to block the tumor growth without any observed toxic effects. Thanks to its irreversible type of inhibition, PBRM retained its anti-tumor growth effect, even after reducing its frequency of administration to only once a week, a clear advantage over reversible inhibitors. These results strongly support the use of PBRM as a new approach in the treatment of breast cancer. Abstract 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) plays an important role in estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth. In addition to being involved in the production of estradiol (E2), the most potent estrogen in women, 17β-HSD1 is also responsible for the production of 5-androsten-3β,17β-diol (5-diol), a weaker estrogen than E2, but whose importance increases after menopause. 17β-HSD1 is therefore a target of choice for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. After we developed the first targeted-covalent (irreversible) and non-estrogenic inhibitor of 17β-HSD1, a molecule named PBRM, our goal was to demonstrate its therapeutic potential. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that estrone (E1) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were transformed into E2 and 5-diol in T-47D human breast cancer cells, and that PBRM was able to block these transformations. Thereafter, we tested PBRM in a mouse tumor model (cell-derived T-47D xenografts). After treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving E1 or DHEA, PBRM given orally was able to reduce the tumor growth at the control (OVX) level without any observed toxic effects. Thanks to its irreversible type of inhibition, PBRM retained its anti-tumor growth effect, even after reducing its frequency of administration to only once a week, a clear advantage over reversible inhibitors.
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Ferrante T, Adinolfi S, D'Arrigo G, Poirier D, Daga M, Lolli ML, Balliano G, Spyrakis F, Oliaro-Bosso S. Multiple catalytic activities of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 respond differently to inhibitors. Biochimie 2019; 170:106-117. [PMID: 31887335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis is a multistep process in mammals that includes the aerobic removal of three methyl groups from the intermediate lanosterol, one from position 14 and two from position 4. During the demethylations at position 4, a 3-ketosteroid reductase catalyses the conversion of both 4-methylzymosterone and zymosterone to 4-methylzymosterol and zymosterol, respectively, restoring the alcoholic function of lanosterol, which is also maintained in cholesterol. Unlike other eukaryotes, mammals also use the same enzyme as an estrone reductase that can transform estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2). This enzyme, named 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (HSD17B7), is therefore a multifunctional protein in mammals, and one that belongs to both the HSD17B family, which is involved in steroid-hormone metabolism, and to the family of post-squalene cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes. In the present study, a series of known inhibitors of human HSD17B7's E1-reductase activity have been assayed for potential inhibition against 3-ketosteroid reductase activity. Surprisingly, the assayed compounds lost their inhibition activity when tested in HepG2 cells that were incubated with radiolabelled acetate and against the recombinant overexpressed human enzyme incubated with 4-methylzymosterone (both radiolabelled and not). Preliminary kinetic analyses suggest a mixed or non-competitive inhibition on the E1-reductase activity, which is in agreement with Molecular Dynamics simulations. These results raise questions about the mechanism(s) of action of these possible inhibitors, the enzyme dynamic regulation and the interplay between the two activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Ferrante
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Adinolfi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Arrigo
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec - Research Centre and Université Laval, 2705, Boulevard Laurier T-4-50 Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Martina Daga
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianni Balliano
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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9
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McNamara KM, Sasano H. The role of 17βHSDs in breast tissue and breast cancers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:32-44. [PMID: 30408503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The family of seventeen beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes has a long and diverse history in breast and breast cancer research. Given the known dependence of the breast on steroid signalling and intracrine steroid metabolism these enzymes are considered to be essential local fine tuners of overall steroid balance in the tissue. This review will cover the current state of knowledge regarding the expression, clinical effect and biological regulation of enzymes in both cancerous and normal states. In addition we will also cover the current state of knowledge regarding 17βHSD actions in the often neglected adipose and stromal components of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely May McNamara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University, Japan
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10
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Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Jiang G, Chen Z, Glumoff T. 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as acyl thioester metabolizing enzymes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:107-118. [PMID: 30508570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD17B) catalyze the oxidation/reduction of 17β-hydroxy/keto group in position C17 in C18- and C19 steroids. Most HSD17Bs are also catalytically active with substrates other than steroids. A subset of these enzymes is able to process thioesters of carboxylic acids. This group of enzymes includes HSD17B4, HSD17B8, HSD17B10 and HSD17B12, which execute reactions in intermediary metabolism, participating in peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-groups, breakdown of isoleucine and fatty acid chain elongation in endoplasmic reticulum. Divergent substrate acceptance capabilities exemplify acquirement of catalytic site adaptiveness during evolution. As an additional common feature these HSD17Bs are multifunctional enzymes that arose either via gene fusions (HSD17B4) or are incorporated as subunits into multifunctional protein complexes (HSD17B8 and HSD17B10). Crystal structures of HSD17B4, HSD17B8 and HSD17B10 give insight into their structure-function relationships. Thus far, deficiencies of HSD17B4 and HSD17B10 have been assigned to inborn errors in humans, underlining their significance as enzymes of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | | | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Heinosalo T, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. Role of hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 in reproductive tissues and hormone-dependent diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:9-31. [PMID: 30149044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal synthesis and metabolism of sex steroids is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, such as endometriosis and cancers arising from the breast and uterus. Steroid biosynthesis is a multistep enzymatic process proceeding from cholesterol to highly active sex steroids via different intermediates. Human Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) enzyme shows a high capacity to produce the highly active estrogen, estradiol, from a precursor hormone, estrone. However, the enzyme may also play a role in other steps of the steroid biosynthesis pathway. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on HSD17B1, and summarize the role of the enzyme in hormone-dependent diseases in women as evidenced by preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Heinosalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Thériault JF, Lin SX. The dual sex hormone specificity for human reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7: Synergistic function in estrogen and androgen control. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:61-65. [PMID: 30227243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) type 1 and 7 catalyze the final step of estrogen activation and the first step in androgen inactivation. It has been shown in breast cancer cells that DHT has a suppression effect on cell proliferation, counteracting the estrogen growth effect. However, the exact kinetic function of 17β-HSD7 in steroidogenesis was not determined. Here we report the steady-state kinetics and binding study for 17β-HSD7 with estrone or DHT as substrates and NADPH as cofactor. 17β-HSD7 has been overexpressed in E. coli and purified. For both substrates, kinetics of 17β-HSD7 demonstrates positive cooperativity. The K0.5 value is 5.2 ± 0.4 μM and 14.4 ± 0.8 μM and the kcat is 0.0063 ± 0.0003 s-1 and 0.0153 ± 0.0007 s-1 for the reduction of E1 and DHT, respectively. The binding study shows a similar affinity with a dissociation constant of 5.2 ± 0.5 μM and 11 ± 1 μM for E1 and DHT, respectively. Our kinetic and binding results reveal a positive cooperativity for 17β-HSD7 to both the E1 and DHT with a similar affinity, while 17β-HSD1 demonstrated a significantly higher affinity toward E1 than DHT, but with a strong E1 substrate inhibition. These results strongly support that the inhibition of 17β-HSD7 constitutes the basis of breast cancer cell proliferation decreasing that led to the shrinkage of xenograft ER + breast tumor mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Thériault
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.
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13
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Ye X, Peng T, Feng J, Yang Q, Pratush A, Xiong G, Huang T, Hu Z. A novel dehydrogenase 17β-HSDx from Rhodococcus sp. P14 with potential application in bioremediation of steroids contaminated environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:170-177. [PMID: 30236938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are endocrine disrupting compounds in human and are distributed in various environments. Our previous study showed that a marine bacterium Rhodococcus sp. P14 was able to efficiently degrade one typical steroid estradiol. In this study, we showed that P14 could also use other steroids, including estriol and testosterone, as sole carbon source for growth. Two dehydrogenation products, 16-hydroxestrone and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione, were detected during estriol and testosterone degradation, respectively. By screening the genome, a short chain dehydrogenase gene was identified and named as 17β-HSDx. Expression of 17β-HSDx was induced in P14 when estriol, estradiol or testosterone was used as single carbon source. In addition, 17β-HSDx was shown to have dehydrogenation ability of transforming estriol to 16-hydroxestrone, estradiol to estrone and testosterone to androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione. This is the first short chain dehydrogenase identified in bacteria with dehydrogenation ability on various steroids substrates. Overall, this study reveals that 17β-HSDx has potential application in the bioremediation of steroids contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ye
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jiarong Feng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Amit Pratush
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 24103, Germany
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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14
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Konings G, Brentjens L, Delvoux B, Linnanen T, Cornel K, Koskimies P, Bongers M, Kruitwagen R, Xanthoulea S, Romano A. Intracrine Regulation of Estrogen and Other Sex Steroid Levels in Endometrium and Non-gynecological Tissues; Pathology, Physiology, and Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:940. [PMID: 30283331 PMCID: PMC6157328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the intracrine (or local) regulation of estrogen and other steroid synthesis and degradation expanded in the last decades, also thanks to recent technological advances in chromatography mass-spectrometry. Estrogen responsive tissues and organs are not passive receivers of the pool of steroids present in the blood but they can actively modify the intra-tissue steroid concentrations. This allows fine-tuning the exposure of responsive tissues and organs to estrogens and other steroids in order to best respond to the physiological needs of each specific organ. Deviations in such intracrine control can lead to unbalanced steroid hormone exposure and disturbances. Through a systematic bibliographic search on the expression of the intracrine enzymes in various tissues, this review gives an up-to-date view of the intracrine estrogen metabolisms, and to a lesser extent that of progestogens and androgens, in the lower female genital tract, including the physiological control of endometrial functions, receptivity, menopausal status and related pathological conditions. An overview of the intracrine regulation in extra gynecological tissues such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, brain, colon and bone is given. Current therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with these metabolisms and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonda Konings
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Linda Brentjens
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert Delvoux
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Cornel
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Marlies Bongers
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Kruitwagen
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Xanthoulea
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- GROW–School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Järvensivu P, Heinosalo T, Hakkarainen J, Kronqvist P, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. HSD17B1 expression induces inflammation-aided rupture of mammary gland myoepithelium. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:393-406. [PMID: 29371331 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) converts low-active estrogen estrone to highly active estradiol. Estradiol is necessary for normal postpubertal mammary gland development; however, elevated estradiol levels increase mammary tumorigenesis. To investigate the significance of the human HSD17B1 enzyme in the mammary gland, transgenic mice universally overexpressing human HSD17B1 were used (HSD17B1TG mice). Mammary glands obtained from HSD17B1TG females at different ages were investigated for morphology and histology, and HSD17B1 activity and estrogen receptor activation in mammary gland tissue were assessed. To study the significance of HSD17B1 enzyme expression locally in mammary gland tissue, HSD17B1-expressing mammary epithelium was transplanted into cleared mammary fat pads of wild-type females, and the effects on mammary gland estradiol production, epithelial cells and the myoepithelium were investigated. HSD17B1TG females showed increased estrone to estradiol conversion and estrogen-response element-driven estrogen receptor signaling in mammary gland tissue, and they showed extensive lobuloalveolar development that was further enhanced by age along with an increase in serum prolactin concentrations. At old age, HSD17B1TG females developed mammary cancers. Mammary-restricted HSD17B1 expression induced lesions at the sites of ducts and alveoli, accompanied by peri- and intraductal inflammation and disruption of the myoepithelial cell layer. The lesions were shown to be estrogen dependent, as treatment with an antiestrogen, ICI 182,780, starting when lesions were already established reversed the phenotype. These data elucidate the ability of human HSD17B1 to enhance estrogen action in the mammary gland in vivo and indicate that HSD17B1 is a factor inducing phenotypic alterations associated with mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Järvensivu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taija Heinosalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Hakkarainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku and Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Gilligan LC, Rahman HP, Hewitt AM, Sitch AJ, Gondal A, Arvaniti A, Taylor AE, Read ML, Morton DG, Foster PA. Estrogen Activation by Steroid Sulfatase Increases Colorectal Cancer Proliferation via GPER. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4435-4447. [PMID: 28945888 PMCID: PMC5718700 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Estrogens affect the incidence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the precise molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated prereceptor estrogen metabolism through steroid sulphatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and subsequent nongenomic estrogen signaling in human CRC tissue, in The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma data set, and in in vitro and in vivo CRC models. We aimed to define and therapeutically target pathways through which estrogens alter CRC proliferation and progression. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Human CRC samples with normal tissue-matched controls were collected from postmenopausal female and age-matched male patients. Estrogen metabolism enzymes and nongenomic downstream signaling pathways were determined. CRC cell lines were transfected with STS and cultured for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Estrogen metabolism was determined using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The proliferative effects of estrogen metabolism were evaluated using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assays and CRC mouse xenograft studies. RESULTS Human CRC exhibits dysregulated estrogen metabolism, favoring estradiol synthesis. The activity of STS, the fundamental enzyme that activates conjugated estrogens, is significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in human CRC compared with matched controls. STS overexpression accelerates CRC proliferation in in vitro and in vivo models, with STS inhibition an effective treatment. We defined a G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) proproliferative pathway potentially through increased expression of connective tissue growth factor in CRC. CONCLUSION Human CRC favors estradiol synthesis to augment proliferation via GPER stimulation. Further research is required regarding whether estrogen replacement therapy should be used with caution in patients at high risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna C. Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Habibur P. Rahman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Hewitt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alice J. Sitch
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Gondal
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Arvaniti
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Angela E. Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L. Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dion G. Morton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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17
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Wang XQ, Aka JA, Li T, Xu D, Doillon CJ, Lin SX. Inhibition of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 modulates breast cancer protein profile and enhances apoptosis by down-regulating GRP78. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28645527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17β-HSD7) promotes breast cancer cell growth via dual-catalytic activity by modulating estradiol and DHT. Here, we clarified the expression pattern of 17β-HSD7 in postmenopausal luminal A type breast cancer with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The impact of 17β-HSD7 inhibition on the proteome of MCF-7 cells was investigated and on cell apoptosis was revealed. MCF-7 cells were treated with an efficient inhibitor of 17β-HSD7 (INH7) or with vehicle, and a differential proteomics study was performed using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, followed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot to investigate the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Our data showed 17β-HSD7 is amplified in primary and progressive breast cancer, inhibition of 17β-HSD7 in MCF-7 cells modulated 104 proteins primarily involved in cell death/survival, cell growth and DNA processing. The expression of 78kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2 were significantly suppressed via 17β-HSD7 inhibition with INH7, consequently induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. However, INH7 treatment of T47D, another widely used epithelial ER+ breast cancer cell line, led to an up-regulation of GRP78 expression, resulting in a limited increase in apoptosis. These results suggest cell-specific effects of INH7 in the breast cancer, which is interesting for further study. An combinatory effect on apoptosis by INH7 and Letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) was further demonstrated in MCF-7. Down-regulation of GRP78 via 17β-HSD7 inhibition enhances cell apoptosis in response to Letrozole. This study highlights GRP78 as a key regulator related to 17β-HSD7 inhibition and effect. Taken together, results from the present study suggest a hypothesis that inhibition of 17β-HSD7 would be a complementary strategy to Letrozole by suppression of GRP78 in ER+ breast cancer. However, from a research perspective, further studies have to be carried out with more breast cancer cell lines as well as in vivo model to assess the efficacy of inhibitor combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada; Center of Excellent for Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Juliette A Aka
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tang Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada
| | - Dan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada
| | - Charles J Doillon
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1 V 4G2, Canada.
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18
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Ye X, Wang H, Kan J, Li J, Huang T, Xiong G, Hu Z. A novel 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in Rhodococcus sp. P14 for transforming 17β-estradiol to estrone. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:105-112. [PMID: 28619386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) are a group of oxidoreductase enzymes that exhibit high specificity for 17C reduction/oxidation. However, the mechanism of 17β-HSD in oxidizing steroid hormone 17β-estradiol to estrone in bacterium is still unclear. In this work, a functional bacterium Rhodococcus sp. P14 was identified having rapid ability to oxidize estradiol into estrone in mineral salt medium (MSM) within 6 h. The functional genes encoding NADH-dependent oxidoreductase were successfully detected with the help of bioinformatics, and it was identified that it contained two consensus regions affiliated to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Expression of 17β-HSD could be induced by estradiol in strain P14. The 17β-HSD gene from Rhodococcus sp. P14 was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21. Furthermore, recombinant 17β-HSD-expressing BL21 cells showed a high transformation rate, they are capable of transforming estradiol to estrone up to 94%. The purified His-17β-HSD protein also exhibited high catalyzing efficiency. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that a novel 17β-HSD in Rhodococcus sp. P14 can catalyze the oxidation of estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ye
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jie Kan
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jin Li
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Guangming Xiong
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24103, Germany
| | - Zhong Hu
- Biology Department, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Imamichi Y, Yuhki KI, Orisaka M, Kitano T, Mukai K, Ushikubi F, Taniguchi T, Umezawa A, Miyamoto K, Yazawa T. 11-Ketotestosterone Is a Major Androgen Produced in Human Gonads. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3582-3591. [PMID: 27428878 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) is a novel class of active androgen. However, the detail of its synthesis remains unknown for humans. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to clarify the production and properties of 11-KT in human. Design, Participants, and Methods: Expression of cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 (key enzymes involved in the synthesis of 11-KT) were investigated in human gonads. The production of 11-KT was investigated in Leydig cells. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and 11-KT were measured in 10 women and 10 men of reproductive age. Investigation of its properties was performed using breast cancer-derived MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Cytochrome P450 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 were detected in Leydig cells and theca cells. Leydig cells produced 11-KT, and relatively high levels of plasma 11-KT were measured in both men and women. There was no sexual dimorphism in the plasma levels of 11-KT, even though testosterone levels were more than 20 times higher in men than in women. It is noteworthy that the levels of testosterone and 11-KT were similar in women. In a luciferase reporter system, 11-KT activated human androgen receptor-mediated transactivation. Conversely, 11-KT did not activate estrogen receptor-mediated transactivation in aromatase-expressed MCF-7 cells, whereas testosterone did following conversion to estrogen. 11-KT did not affect the estrogen/estrogen receptor -mediated cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation when androgen receptor was transfected into MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates that 11-KT is produced in the gonads and represents a major androgen in human. It can potentially serve as a nonaromatizable androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Makoto Orisaka
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Mukai
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Departments of Pharmacology (Y.I., K.-i.Y., F.U.) and Biochemistry (T.T., T.Y.), Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan; Departments of Biochemistry (Y.I., K.Mi.) and Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.O.), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Materials and Life Science (T.K.), Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Education Center (K.Mu.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; and Department of Reproduction (A.U.), National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Lynch JF, Vanderhoof T, Winiecki P, Latsko MS, Riccio DC, Jasnow AM. Aromatized testosterone attenuates contextual generalization of fear in male rats. Horm Behav 2016; 84:127-35. [PMID: 27368147 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Generalization is a common symptom of many anxiety disorders, and females are 60% more likely to suffer from an anxiety disorder than males. We have previously demonstrated that female rats display significantly accelerated rates of contextual fear generalization compared to male rats; a process driven, in part, by activation of ERβ. The current study was designed to determine the impact of estrogens on contextual fear generalization in male rats. For experiment 1, adult male rats were gonadectomized (GDX) and implanted with a capsule containing testosterone proprionate, estradiol, dihydrotestosterone proprionate (DHT), or an empty capsule. Treatment with testosterone or estradiol maintained memory precision when rats were tested in a different (neutral) context 1day after training. However, male rats treated with DHT or empty capsules displayed significant levels of fear generalization, exhibiting high levels of fear in the neutral context. In Experiment 2, we used acute injections of gonadal hormones at a time known to elicit fear generalization in female rats (e.g. 24h before testing). Injection treatment followed the same pattern of results seen in Experiment 1. Finally, animals given daily injections of the aromatase inhibitor, Fadrozole, displayed significant fear generalization. These data suggest that testosterone attenuates fear generalization likely through the aromatization testosterone into estradiol as animals treated with the non-aromatizable androgen, DHT, or animals treated with Fadrozole, displayed significant generalized fear. Overall, these results demonstrate a sex-dependent effect of estradiol on the generalization of contextual fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Lynch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Tyler Vanderhoof
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Patrick Winiecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Maeson S Latsko
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - David C Riccio
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States.
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21
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Endo S, Miyagi N, Matsunaga T, Hara A, Ikari A. Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 11 is a novel type of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:231-6. [PMID: 26920053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report characterization of a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily encoded in a human gene, DHRS11. The recombinant protein (DHRS11) efficiently catalyzed the conversion of the 17-keto group of estrone, 4- and 5-androstenes and 5α-androstanes into their 17β-hydroxyl metabolites with NADPH as a coenzyme. In contrast, it exhibited reductive 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity toward 5β-androstanes, 5β-pregnanes, 4-pregnenes and bile acids. Additionally, DHRS11 reduced α-dicarbonyls (such as diacetyl and methylglyoxal) and alicyclic ketones (such as 1-indanone and loxoprofen). The enzyme activity was inhibited in a mixed-type manner by flavonoids, and competitively by carbenoxolone, glycyrrhetinic acid, zearalenone, curcumin and flufenamic acid. The expression of DHRS11 mRNA was observed widely in human tissues, most abundantly in testis, small intestine, colon, kidney and cancer cell lines. Thus, DHRS11 represents a novel type of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with unique catalytic properties and tissue distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Namiki Miyagi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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22
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Tu X, Kuang Z, Gong X, Shi Y, Yu L, Shi H, Wang J, Sun Z. The Influence of LepR Tyrosine Site Mutations on Mouse Ovary Development and Related Gene Expression Changes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141800. [PMID: 26529315 PMCID: PMC4631549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin exerts many biological functions, such as in metabolism and reproduction, through binding to and activating the leptin receptor, LepRb, which is expressed in many regions of the brain. To better understand the roles of LepR downstream signaling pathways, Y123F mice, which expressed mutant leptin receptors with phenylalanine (F) substituted for three tyrosines (Y) (Tyr985, Tyr1077 and Tyr1138), were generated. The body weight and abdominal fat deposits of Y123F homozygous mice (HOM) were higher than those of wild-type mice (WT). HOM ovaries were atrophic and the follicles developed abnormally; however, the HOM ovaries did not exhibit polycystic phenotypes. Moreover, Y123F HOM adults had no estrous cycle and the blood estrogen concentration remained stable at a low level below detection limit of 5 pg/ml. LepR expression in HOM ovaries was higher than in WT ovaries. Using cDNA Microarrays, the mRNA expressions of 41 genes were increased, and 100 were decreased in HOM vs. WT ovaries, and many signaling pathways were evaluated to be involved significantly. The expressions of 19 genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR, most of which were consistent with the microarray results. Thus, Y123F HOM mice were suggested as a new animal model of PCOS for research that mainly emphasizes metabolic disorders and anovulation, but not the polycystic phenotype. Meanwhile, using the model, we found that JAK-STAT and hormone biosynthesis pathways were involved in the follicular development and ovulation disorders caused by LepR deficiency in ovaries, although we could not exclude indirect actions from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tu
- Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Kuang
- Shanghai Medical College, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Food Science, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wang X, Sang X, Diorio C, Lin SX, Doillon CJ. In vitro interactions between mammary fibroblasts (Hs 578Bst) and cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7) modulate aromatase, steroid sulfatase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:339-48. [PMID: 26044867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to investigate the interactions between mammary cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7) and stromal cells (Hs-578Bst) at the level of the expression and inhibition of steroidogenesis enzymes by using monolayer and three dimensional co-culture models. Expressions of steroidogenesis enzymes and E2/DHT conversions in co-cultured MCF-7 and Hs-578Bst cells as well as the effects of aromatase inhibitor combined to steroid sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17βHSDs) inhibitors were evaluated. 17β-HSD type 7 was mostly modulated in MCF-7 cells whereas aromatase was mostly regulated in Hs578Bst cells thereby increasing E2 conversion and MCF-7 cell growth. A combination of inhibitors toward aromatase, STS and 17β-HSD7, was found to be the most significant treatment in decreasing E2 and elevating DHT thus inhibiting MCF-7 cell proliferation and spheroid-like cancer cell aggregation in collagen gel. The interactions between those cells modulated E2 formation in paracrine/intracrine manners by synergistically regulating aromatase, 17β-HSD7 and STS. Among tumor-associated cells, stromal fibroblasts may participate in intratumoral E2 deposition; therefore promoting breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec, CHUL, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Xiaoye Sang
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec, CHUL, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Centre des Maladie du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1S 4L8, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec, CHUL, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Charles J Doillon
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec, CHUL, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, G1V OA6, Canada.
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Hakkarainen J, Jokela H, Pakarinen P, Heikelä H, Kätkänaho L, Vandenput L, Ohlsson C, Zhang FP, Poutanen M. Hydroxysteroid (17β)-dehydrogenase 1–deficient female mice present with normal puberty onset but are severely subfertile due to a defect in luteinization and progesterone production. FASEB J 2015; 29:3806-16. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang CY, Wang WQ, Chen J, Lin SX. Reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which synthesize estradiol and inactivate dihydrotestosterone constitute major and concerted players in ER+ breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:24-34. [PMID: 25257817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reductive 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases which catalyze the last step in estrogen activation for estrogen dependent breast cancer cells were studied. Their biological function and the effects of their knockdown for cancer cell proliferation were demonstrated. The multidisciplinary study involves enzyme catalysis, sex-hormone and cell cycle regulation, as well as cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Reductive 17β-HSD1, -7 and -12 were studied in the main breast cancer epithelial cells MCF-7 and T47D. Modification of estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone concentrations was monitored by ELISA assay while corresponding cell viability measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Dual activity of estradiol activation and 5α-dihydrotestosterone reduction by 17β-HSD1 and -7 was critical for breast cancer cell (T47D and MCF-7) viability. Cell viability was decreased by 35.8% ± 1.6% in T47D cells after simultaneously knocking down 17β-HSD1 and -7. MCF-7 cell viability was decreased by 29.3% ± 4.2% using a combination of siRNAs and inhibitors. By knocking down 17β-HSD7, we have provided the first demonstration of the significant role of this enzyme in the stimulation of breast cancer cell viability as a result of its high activity on androgen reduction with positive feedback on estradiol production. A further decrease in cell viability was not observed with additional knockdown of 17β-HSD12 after 17β-HSD1 and 7. Breast cancer cell cycle progression was impeded to enter the S phase from G0-G1 after knocking down 17β-HSD1 and -7. In summary, this is the first demonstration that the dual activity in estrone activation and 5α-dihydrotestosterone reduction are the functional basis of reductive 17β-HSDs in breast cancer cells. 17β-HSD1 and -7 are principal reductive 17β-HSDs and major players in the viability of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Combined targeting of these enzymes may be potential for molecular therapy of such cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHU de Quebec-Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Shanghai Engineer and technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai, China.
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Järvensivu P, Saloniemi-Heinonen T, Awosanya M, Koskimies P, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. HSD17B1 expression enhances estrogen signaling stimulated by the low active estrone, evidenced by an estrogen responsive element-driven reporter gene in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 234:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Oyola MG, Zuloaga DG, Carbone D, Malysz AM, Acevedo-Rodriguez A, Handa RJ, Mani SK. CYP7B1 Enzyme Deletion Impairs Reproductive Behaviors in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2150-61. [PMID: 25849728 PMCID: PMC4430609 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In addition to androgenic properties mediated via androgen receptors, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) also regulates estrogenic functions via an alternate pathway. These estrogenic functions of DHT are mediated by its metabolite 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol) binding to estrogen receptor β (ERβ). CYP7B1 enzyme converts 3β-diol to inactive 6α- or 7α-triols and plays an important role as a regulator of estrogenic functions mediated by 3β-diol. Using a mutant mouse carrying a null mutation for the CYP7B1 gene (CYP7B1KO), we examined the contribution of CYP7B1 on physiology and behavior. Male, gonadectomized (GDX) CYP7B1KO and their wild type (WT) littermates were assessed for their behavioral phenotype, anxiety-related behavioral measures, and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis reactivity. No significant effects of genotype were evident in anxiety-like behaviors in open field (OFA), light-dark (L/D) exploration, and elevated plus maze (EPM). T significantly reduced open arm time on the EPM while not affecting L/D exploratory and OFA behaviors in CYP7B1KO and WT littermates. T also attenuated the corticosterone response to EPM in both genotypes. In GDX animals, T was able to reinstate male-specific reproductive behaviors (latencies and number of mounts, intromission, and ejaculations) in the WT but not in the CYP7B1KO mice. The male reproductive behavior defect in CYP7B1KO seems to be due to their inability to distinguish olfactory cues from a behavioral estrus female. CYP7B1KO mice also showed a reduction in androgen receptor mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb. Our findings suggest a novel role for the CYP7B1 enzyme in the regulation of male reproductive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Oyola
- Department of Neuroscience (M.G.O., A.A.-R., S.K.M.), Molecular & Cellular Biology (A.M.M., S.K.M.), Memory and Brain Research Center (M.G.O., A.M.M., A.A.-R., S.K.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department Of Basic Medical Sciences (D.G.Z., D.C., R.J.H.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
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Wang X, Gérard C, Thériault JF, Poirier D, Doillon CJ, Lin SX. Synergistic control of sex hormones by 17β-HSD type 7: a novel target for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:568-79. [PMID: 25966904 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) type 1 is known as a critical target to block the final step of estrogen production in estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Recent confirmation of the role of dyhydroxytestosterone (DHT) in counteracting estrogen-induced cell growth prompted us to study the reductive 17β-HSD type 7 (17β-HSD7), which activates estrone while markedly inactivating DHT. The role of DHT in breast cancer cell proliferation is demonstrated by its independent suppression of cell growth in the presence of a physiological concentration of estradiol (E2). Moreover, an integral analysis of a large number of clinical samples in Oncomine datasets demonstrated the overexpression of 17β-HSD7 in breast carcinoma. Inhibition of 17β-HSD7 in breast cancer cells resulted in a lower level of E2 and a higher level of DHT, successively induced regulation of cyclinD1, p21, Bcl-2, and Bik, consequently arrested cell cycle in the G(0)/G(1) phase, and triggered apoptosis and auto-downregulation feedback of the enzyme. Such inhibition led to significant shrinkage of xenograft tumors with decreased cancer cell density and reduced 17β-HSD7 expression. Decreased plasma E2 and elevated plasma DHT levels were also found. Thus, the dual functional 17β-HSD7 is proposed as a novel target for estrogen-dependent breast cancer by regulating the balance of E2 and DHT. This demonstrates a conceptual advance on the general belief that the major role of this enzyme is in cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Catherine Gérard
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-François Thériault
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Charles J Doillon
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center (CHUL, CHU) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, G1V4G2, Canada
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Determination of the topology of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins using redox-sensitive green-fluorescence protein fusions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1672-82. [PMID: 25889538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are involved in a wide array of essential cellular functions. Identification of the topology of membrane proteins can provide significant insight into their mechanisms of action and biological roles. This is particularly important for membrane enzymes, since their topology determines the subcellular site where a biochemical reaction takes place and the dependence on luminal or cytosolic co-factor pools and substrates. The methods currently available for the determination of topology of proteins are rather laborious and require post-lysis or post-fixation manipulation of cells. In this work, we have developed a simple method for defining intracellular localization and topology of ER membrane proteins in living cells, based on the fusion of the respective protein with redox-sensitive green-fluorescent protein (roGFP). We validated the method and demonstrated that roGFP fusion proteins constitute a reliable tool for the study of ER membrane protein topology, using as control microsomal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) proteins whose topology has been resolved, and comparing with an independent approach. We then implemented this method to determine the membrane topology of six microsomal members of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) family. The results revealed a luminal orientation of the catalytic site for three enzymes, i.e. 17β-HSD6, 7 and 12. Knowledge of the intracellular location of the catalytic site of these enzymes will enable future studies on their biological functions and on the role of the luminal co-factor pool.
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Straume AH, Knappskog S, Lønning PE. Effects of SNP variants in the 17β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD7 genes and 17β-HSD7 copy number on gene transcript and estradiol levels in breast cancer tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:192-8. [PMID: 24560990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers reveal elevated E2 levels compared to plasma and normal breast tissue. Previously, we reported intra-tumour E2 to be negatively correlated to transcription levels of 17β-HSD2 but positively correlated to 17β-HSD7. Here, we explored these mechanisms further by analysing the same breast tumours for 17β-HSD2 and -7 SNPs, as well as 17β-HSD7 gene copy number. Among the SNPs detected, we found the 17β-HSD2 rs4445895_T allele to be associated with lower intra-tumour mRNA (p=0.039) and an elevated intra-tumour E2 level (p=0.006). In contrast, we found the 17β-HSD7 rs1704754_C allele to be associated with elevated mRNA (p=0.050) but not to E2 levels in breast tumour tissue. Surprisingly, 17β-HSD7 - gene copy number was elevated in 19 out of 46 breast tumours examined. Elevated copy number was associated with an increased mRNA expression level (p=0.013) and elevated tumour E2 (p=0.025). Interestingly, elevated 17β-HSD7 - gene copy number was associated with increased expression not only of 17β-HSD7, but the 17β-HSD7_II pseudogene as well (p=0.019). Expression level of 17β-HSD7 and its pseudogene was significantly correlated both in tumour tissue (rs=0.457, p=0.001) and in normal tissue (rs=0.453, p=0.002). While in vitro transfection experiments revealed no direct impact of 17β-HSD7 expression on pseudogene level, the fact that 17β-HSD7 and 17β-HSD7_II share a 95.6% sequence identity suggests the two transcripts may be subject to common regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, genetic variants of 17β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD7 may affect intra-tumour gene expression as well as breast cancer E2 levels in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hege Straume
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Locklear MN, Kritzer MF. Assessment of the effects of sex and sex hormones on spatial cognition in adult rats using the Barnes maze. Horm Behav 2014; 66:298-308. [PMID: 24937438 PMCID: PMC4127089 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although sex differences and hormone effects on spatial cognition are observed in humans and animals, consensus has not been reached regarding exact impact on spatial working or reference memory. Recent studies in rats suggest that stress and/or reward, which are often different in tasks used to assess spatial cognition, can contribute to the inconsistencies in the literature. To minimize the impact of these sex- and sex hormone-sensitive factors, we used the Barnes maze to compare spatial working memory, spatial reference memory and spatial learning strategy in adult male, female, gonadectomized (GDX) male, and GDX male rats supplemented with 17β-estradiol (E) or testosterone propionate (TP). Rats received four acquisition trials, four trials 24h later, and a single retention trial one week after. Males and females acquired the task during the first four trials and retained the task thereafter. In contrast, GDX rats took longer to acquire the task and showed retention deficits at 1week. All deficits were attenuated similarly by TP and E. Assessment of search patterns also showed that strategies in the males transitioned from random to spatially focused and eventually direct approaches to the goal. However, this transition was faster in control and GDX-TP than in GDX and GDX-E rats. In contrast, the females almost invariantly followed the maze edge in thigmotactic, serial searches. Thus, while Barnes maze reveals activational, in part estrogenic effects on spatial cognition in males, its amenability to animals' use of multiple strategies may limit its ability to resolve mnemonic differences across sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Locklear
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Dept. of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - M F Kritzer
- Dept. of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Handa RJ, Weiser MJ. Gonadal steroid hormones and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:197-220. [PMID: 24246855 PMCID: PMC5802971 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its function is the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) where neurons expressing corticotropin releasing factor reside. These HPA motor neurons are a primary site of integration leading to graded endocrine responses to physical and psychological stressors. An important regulatory factor that must be considered, prior to generating an appropriate response is the animal's reproductive status. Thus, PVN neurons express androgen and estrogen receptors and receive input from sites that also express these receptors. Consequently, changes in reproduction and gonadal steroid levels modulate the stress response and this underlies sex differences in HPA axis function. This review examines the make up of the HPA axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the interactions between the two that should be considered when exploring normal and pathological responses to environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Science, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States.
| | - Michael J Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
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Hiroi R, Lacagnina AF, Hinds LR, Carbone DG, Uht RM, Handa RJ. The androgen metabolite, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol), activates the oxytocin promoter through an estrogen receptor-β pathway. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1802-12. [PMID: 23515287 PMCID: PMC3628024 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone has been shown to suppress the acute stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; however, the mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is regulated by a neuroendocrine subpopulation of medial parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). These neurons are devoid of androgen receptors (ARs). Therefore, a possibility is that the PVN target neurons respond to a metabolite in the testosterone catabolic pathway via an AR-independent mechanism. The dihydrotestosterone metabolite, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol), binds and activates estrogen receptor-β (ER-β), the predominant ER in the PVN. In the PVN, ER-β is coexpressed with oxytocin (OT). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 3β-diol regulates OT expression through ER-β activation. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with estradiol benzoate or 3β-diol for 4 days increased OT mRNA selectively in the midcaudal, but not rostral PVN compared with vehicle-treated controls. 3β-Diol treatment also increased OT mRNA in the hypothalamic N38 cell line in vitro. The functional interactions between 3β-diol and ER-β with the human OT promoter were examined using an OT promoter-luciferase reporter construct (OT-luc). In a dose-dependent manner, 3β-diol treatment increased OT-luc activity when cells were cotransfected with ER-β, but not ER-α. The 3β-diol-induced OT-luc activity was reduced by deletion of the promoter region containing the composite hormone response element (cHRE). Point mutations of the cHRE also prevented OT-luc activation by 3β-diol. These results indicate that 3β-diol induces OT promoter activity via ER-β-cHRE interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Hiroi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Building ABC1, Room 422, 425 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
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Gonzales RJ. Androgens and the cerebrovasculature: modulation of vascular function during normal and pathophysiological conditions. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:627-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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A comprehensive machine-readable view of the mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:56-66. [PMID: 23583456 PMCID: PMC3912678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis serves as a central metabolic hub for numerous biological processes in health and disease. A detailed, integrative single-view description of how the cholesterol pathway is structured and how it interacts with other pathway systems is lacking in the existing literature. Here we provide a systematic review of the existing literature and present a detailed pathway diagram that describes the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (the mevalonate, the Kandutch-Russell and the Bloch pathway) and shunt pathway that leads to 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol synthesis. The diagram has been produced using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) and is available in the SBGN-ML format, a human readable and machine semantically parsable open community file format.
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36
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Cai Q, Qian X, Lang Y, Luo Y, Xu J, Pan S, Hui Y, Gou C, Cai Y, Hao M, Zhao J, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang X, He R, Liu J, Luo L, Li Y, Wang J. Genome sequence of ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis and its adaptation to high altitude. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R29. [PMID: 23537097 PMCID: PMC4053790 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of high-altitude adaptation has been studied in certain mammals. However, in avian species like the ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis, the adaptation mechanism remains unclear. The phylogeny of the ground tit is also controversial. Results Using next generation sequencing technology, we generated and assembled a draft genome sequence of the ground tit. The assembly contained 1.04 Gb of sequence that covered 95.4% of the whole genome and had higher N50 values, at the level of both scaffolds and contigs, than other sequenced avian genomes. About 1.7 million SNPs were detected, 16,998 protein-coding genes were predicted and 7% of the genome was identified as repeat sequences. Comparisons between the ground tit genome and other avian genomes revealed a conserved genome structure and confirmed the phylogeny of ground tit as not belonging to the Corvidae family. Gene family expansion and positively selected gene analysis revealed genes that were related to cardiac function. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the adaptation of this species to extreme environmental living conditions. Conclusions Our data and analysis contribute to the study of avian evolutionary history and provide new insights into the adaptation mechanisms to extreme conditions in animals.
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Zuloaga KL, Swift SN, Gonzales RJ, Wu TJ, Handa RJ. The androgen metabolite, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, decreases cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and P-glycoprotein expression in male human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5949-60. [PMID: 23117931 PMCID: PMC3512076 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a multiple drug resistance transporter expressed by vascular endothelial cells, is a key component of the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to increase after inflammation. The nonaromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), decreases inflammatory markers in vascular smooth muscle cells, independent of androgen receptor (AR) stimulation. The principal metabolite of DHT, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol), activates estrogen receptor (ER)β and similarly decreases inflammatory markers in vascular cells. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that either DHT or 3β-diol decrease cytokine-induced proinflammatory mediators, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), to regulate Pgp expression in male primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Using RT-qPCR, the mRNAs for AR, ERα, and ERβ and steroid metabolizing enzymes necessary for DHT conversion to 3β-diol were detected in male HBMECs demonstrating that the enzymes and receptors for production of and responsiveness to 3β-diol are present. Western analysis showed that 3β-diol reduced COX-2 and Pgp expression; the effect on Pgp was inhibited by the ER antagonist, ICI-182,780. IL-1β-caused an increase in COX-2 and VCAM-1 that was reduced by either DHT or 3β-diol. 3β-diol also decreased cytokine-induced Pgp expression. ICI-182,780 blocked the effect of 3β-diol on COX-2 and VCAM-1, but not Pgp expression. Therefore, in cytokine-stimulated male HBMECs, the effect of 3β-diol on proinflammatory mediator expression is ER dependent, whereas its effect on Pgp expression is ER independent. These studies suggest a novel role of 3β-diol in regulating blood-brain barrier function and support the concept that 3β-diol can be protective against proinflammatory mediator stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA
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Characterization of rabbit aldose reductase-like protein with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McNamara KM, Handelsman DJ, Simanainen U. The mouse as a model to investigate sex steroid metabolism in the normal and pathological prostate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 131:107-21. [PMID: 22146616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of sex steroids within the prostate is an important factor affecting its growth and pathology. Mouse models with genetic gain- and especially loss-of-function have characterised different steroid metabolic pathways and their contribution to prostate pathology. With reference to the human prostate, this review aims to summarize the steroidogenic pathways in the mouse prostate as the basis for using the mouse as a model for intraprostatic steroid signalling. In this review we summarize the current information for three main components of the steroid signalling pathway in the mouse prostate: circulating steroids, steroid receptors and steroidogenic enzymes with regard to signalling via androgen, estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid pathways. This review reveals many opportunities for characterisation steroid metabolism in various mouse models. The knowledge of steroid metabolism within prostate tissue and in a lobe (rodent)/region (human) specific manner, will give valuable information for future, novel hypotheses of intraprostatic control of steroid actions. This review summarizes knowledge of steroid metabolism in the mouse prostate and its relevance to the human.
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40
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Zuloaga KL, O’Connor DT, Handa RJ, Gonzales RJ. Estrogen receptor beta dependent attenuation of cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 by androgens in human brain vascular smooth muscle cells and rat mesenteric arteries. Steroids 2012; 77:835-44. [PMID: 22542504 PMCID: PMC3809122 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Androgens may provide protective effects in the vasculature under pathophysiological conditions. Our past studies have shown that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during cytokine, endotoxin, or hypoxic stimulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells, in an androgen receptor (AR)-independent fashion. Classically DHT is regarded as a pure AR agonist; however, it can be endogenously metabolized to 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol), which has recently been shown to be a selective estrogen receptor (ERβ) agonist. Therefore, we hypothesized that DHT's anti-inflammatory properties following cytokine stimulation are mediated through ERβ. Using primary human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMC), we tested whether DHT's effect on IL-1β induced COX-2 expression was mediated via AR or ERβ. The metabolism of DHT to 3β-diol is a viable pathway in HBVSMC since mRNA for enzymes necessary for the synthesis and metabolism of 3β-diol [3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, CYP7B1] was detected. In addition, the expression of AR, ERα, and ERβ mRNA was detected. When applied to HBVSMC, DHT (10nM; 18 h) attenuated IL-1β-induced increases in COX-2 protein expression. The AR antagonist bicalutamide did not block DHT's ability to reduce COX-2. Both the non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 (1 μM) and the selective ERβ antagonist PHTPP (1 μM) inhibited the effect of DHT, suggesting that DHT actions are ERβ-mediated. In HBVSMC and in rat mesenteric arteries, 3β-diol, similar to DHT, reduced cytokine-induced COX-2 levels. In conclusion, DHT appears to be protective against the progression of vascular inflammation through metabolism to 3β-diol and activation of ERβ.
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MESH Headings
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Brain/cytology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rayna J. Gonzales
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 425 N. 5th Street, Building ABC1, Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, United States. Tel.: +1 602 827 2143; fax: +1 602 827 2127. (R.J. Gonzales)
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McConnell SEA, Alla J, Wheat E, Romeo RD, McEwen B, Thornton JE. The role of testicular hormones and luteinizing hormone in spatial memory in adult male rats. Horm Behav 2012; 61:479-86. [PMID: 22265851 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to determine the influence of testicular hormones on learning and memory in males have yielded contradictory results. The present studies examined whether testicular hormones are important for maximal levels of spatial memory in young adult male rats. To minimize any effect of stress, we used the Object Location Task which is a spatial working memory task that does not involve food or water deprivation or aversive stimuli for motivation. In Experiment 1 sham gonadectomized male rats demonstrated robust spatial memory, but gonadectomized males showed diminished spatial memory. In Experiment 2 subcutaneous testosterone (T) capsules restored spatial memory performance in gonadectomized male rats, while rats with blank capsules demonstrated compromised spatial memory. In Experiment 3, gonadectomized male rats implanted with blank capsules again showed compromised spatial memory, while those with T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or estradiol (E) capsules demonstrated robust spatial memory, indicating that T's effects may be mediated by its conversion to E or to DHT. Gonadectomized male rats injected with Antide, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist which lowers luteinizing hormone levels, also demonstrated spatial memory, comparable to that shown by T-, E-, or DHT-treated males. These data indicate that testicular androgens are important for maximal levels of spatial working memory in male rats, that testosterone may be converted to E and/or DHT to exert its effects, and that some of the effects of these steroid hormones may occur via negative feedback effects on LH.
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Rotinen M, Villar J, Encío I. Regulation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in cancer: regulating steroid receptor at pre-receptor stage. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:461-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Investigation on the transcription factors of porcine 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes. Gene 2012; 499:186-90. [PMID: 22405929 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) regulate the steroid metabolism in mammals. In this study, we aimed to characterize the steroid related transcription factors at the 5' flanking region of these two genes. A series of 5' deletions of approximately 1 kb of 5'-flanking region on both genes were fused to a pGL3 basic vector containing firefly luciferase cDNA, and then transfected to human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Luciferase activity assay indicated the region from -574 to -617 bp of the 3βHSD1 promoter, and from -850 to -868 bp of 17βHSD7 promoter induced the highest luciferase activity. A putative transcription factor, i.e. the proline and acidic amino acid-rich basic leucine zipper (PAR/bZIP) family of 3βHSD1 gene, and three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain class of 17βHSD7 were identified respectively by sequence homology. Gel shift assay further confirmed the binding capacity of the putative elements to nuclear extract. Our study gives new insights to the transcriptional regulation of 3βHSD1 and 17βHSD7 and further hints to their involvement in steroid metabolism.
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Abstract
Oestradiol exerts a profound influence upon multiple brain circuits. For the most part, these effects are mediated by oestrogen receptor (ER)α. We review here the roles of ERβ, the other ER isoform, in mediating rodent oestradiol-regulated anxiety, aggressive and sexual behaviours, the control of gonadotrophin secretion, and adult neurogenesis. Evidence exists for: (i) ERβ located in the paraventricular nucleus underpinning the suppressive influence of oestradiol on the stress axis and anxiety-like behaviour; (ii) ERβ expressed in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones contributing to oestrogen negative-feedback control of gonadotrophin secretion; (iii) ERβ controlling the offset of lordosis behaviour; (iv) ERβ suppressing aggressive behaviour in males; (v) ERβ modulating responses to social stimuli; and (vi) ERβ in controlling adult neurogenesis. This review highlights two major themes; first, ERβ and ERα are usually tightly inter-related in the oestradiol-dependent control of a particular brain function. For example, even though oestradiol feedback to control reproduction occurs principally through ERα-dependent mechanisms, modulatory roles for ERβ also exist. Second, the roles of ERα and ERβ within a particular neural network may be synergistic or antagonistic. Examples of the latter include the role of ERα to enhance, and ERβ to suppress, anxiety-like and aggressive behaviours. Splice variants such as ERβ2, acting as dominant negative receptors, are of further particular interest because their expression levels may reflect preceeding oestradiol exposure of relevance to oestradiol replacement therapy. Together, this review highlights the predominant modulatory, but nonetheless important, roles of ERβ in mediating the many effects of oestradiol upon adult brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Handa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S. Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - J. M. Wang
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - A. E. Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Saloniemi T, Jokela H, Strauss L, Pakarinen P, Poutanen M. The diversity of sex steroid action: novel functions of hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases as revealed by genetically modified mouse models. J Endocrinol 2012; 212:27-40. [PMID: 22045753 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed action of sex steroid hormones, i.e. androgens and estrogens, is involved in the pathogenesis of various severe diseases in humans. Interestingly, recent studies have provided data further supporting the hypothesis that the circulating hormone concentrations do not explain all physiological and pathological processes observed in hormone-dependent tissues, while the intratissue sex steroid concentrations are determined by the expression of steroid metabolising enzymes in the neighbouring cells (paracrine action) and/or by target cells themselves (intracrine action). This local sex steroid production is also a valuable treatment option for developing novel therapies against hormonal diseases. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs) compose a family of 14 enzymes that catalyse the conversion between the low-active 17-keto steroids and the highly active 17β-hydroxy steroids. The enzymes frequently expressed in sex steroid target tissues are, thus, potential drug targets in order to lower the local sex steroid concentrations. The present review summarises the recent data obtained for the role of HSD17B1, HSD17B2, HSD17B7 and HSD17B12 enzymes in various metabolic pathways and their physiological and pathophysiological roles as revealed by the recently generated genetically modified mouse models. Our data, together with that provided by others, show that, in addition to having a role in sex steroid metabolism, several of these HSD17B enzymes possess key roles in other metabolic processes: for example, HD17B7 is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis and HSD17B12 is involved in elongation of fatty acids. Additional studies in vitro and in vivo are to be carried out in order to fully define the metabolic role of the HSD17B enzymes and to evaluate their value as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Saloniemi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Škarydová L, Wsól V. Human microsomal carbonyl reducing enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics: well-known and promising members of the SDR superfamily. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 44:173-91. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.638304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zuloaga KL, Gonzales RJ. Dihydrotestosterone attenuates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and cyclooxygenase-2 in cerebral arteries during hypoxia or hypoxia with glucose deprivation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1882-90. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00446.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) attenuates cytokine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in coronary vascular smooth muscle. Since hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation can lead to COX-2 production, this study determined the influence of DHT on HIF-1α and COX-2 following hypoxia or hypoxia with glucose deprivation (HGD) in the cerebral vasculature. COX-2 and HIF-1α levels were assessed via Western blot, and HIF-1α activation was indirectly measured via a DNA binding assay. Experiments were performed using cerebral arteries isolated from castrated male rats treated in vivo with placebo or DHT (18 days) followed by hypoxic exposure ex vivo (1% O2), cerebral arteries isolated from castrated male rats treated ex vivo with vehicle or DHT (10 or 100 nM; 18 h) and then exposed to hypoxia ex vivo (1% O2), or primary human brain vascular smooth muscle cells treated with DHT (10 nM; 6 h) or vehicle then exposed to hypoxia or HGD. Under normoxic conditions, DHT increased COX-2 (cells 51%; arteries ex vivo 31%; arteries in vivo 161%) but had no effect on HIF-1α. Following hypoxia or HGD, HIF-1α and COX-2 levels were increased; this response was blunted by DHT (cells HGD: −47% COX-2, −34% HIF-1α; cells hypoxia: −29% COX-2, −54% HIF-1α; arteries ex vivo: −37% COX-2; arteries in vivo: −35% COX-2) and not reversed by androgen receptor blockade. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α DNA-binding was also attenuated by DHT (arteries ex vivo and in vivo: −55%). These results demonstrate that upregulation of COX-2 and HIF-1α in response to hypoxia is suppressed by DHT via an androgen receptor-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Zuloaga
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona; and
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rayna J. Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona; and
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Rawłuszko AA, Krokowicz P, Jagodziński PP. Butyrate induces expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in HT29 and SW707 colorectal cancer cells. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:661-9. [PMID: 21563966 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have revealed that butyrate and 17β-estradiol (E2) may decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). In peripheral tissue, E2 can be produced locally by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) estrone (E1) reduction. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis, we found that sodium butyrate significantly upregulates HSD17B1 long and short transcripts and protein levels in HT29 and SW707 CRC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that upregulation of these transcript levels correlated with an increase in binding of Polymerase II to proximal and distal promoters of HSD17B1. Moreover, we observed that upregulation of HSD17B1 protein levels was associated with increased conversion of E1 to E2 in HT29 and SW707 CRC cells. Since sodium butyrate increases the conversion of E1 to E2, our findings may support the validity of butyrate in the prophylaxis of CRC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Anna Rawłuszko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Poirier D. Contribution to the development of inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 7: key tools for studying and treating estrogen-dependent diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:83-94. [PMID: 21182944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) belong to a group of key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones by catalyzing the reduction of 17-ketosteroids or the oxidation of 17β-hydroxysteroids. From three members known in the early nineties, the 17β-HSD functional family has grown to 15 members over the last 20 years. This growing number of 17β-HSD isoforms questioned the importance of each member, especially in their implication in estrogen- and androgen-dependent diseases, such as breast and prostate cancers. One of the strategies used to address the physiological importance of 17β-HSDs is to use potent and selective inhibitors. Furthermore, enzyme inhibitors could also be of therapeutic interest by reducing the level of estradiol (E2). Focusing on estrogens, we targeted 17β-HSD types 1 and 7, two enzymes able to transform the weak estrogen estrone (E1) into the potent estrogen E2. The present review article gives a description of different classes of inhibitors of 17β-HSD1 (C6-derivatives of E2, C16-derivatives of E2 as alkylating and dual action compounds, E2-adenosine hybrids, E2-simplified adenosine hybrids, and C16-derivatives of E1 or E2) and of inhibitors of 17β-HSD7, all these inhibitors developed in our laboratory. The chemical structures and inhibitory activity of these steroidal inhibitors, their potential as therapeutic agents, and their use as tools to elucidate the role of these enzymes in particular biological systems will be discussed. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Laval University (Faculty of Medicine) and CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Genomic Unit), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec (Quebec) G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Seaborn T, Simard M, Provost PR, Piedboeuf B, Tremblay Y. Sex hormone metabolism in lung development and maturation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:729-38. [PMID: 20971653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones are increasingly recognized as regulators of lung development. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of morbidity in preterm neonates and occurs with a higher incidence in males. The mechanisms underlying the effects of androgens on lung development and the occurrence of RDS are only partially deciphered, and positive roles of estrogens on surfactant production and alveologenesis are relevant to our understanding of pulmonary diseases. This manuscript reviews current knowledge on androgen and estrogen metabolism and on relevant hormone targets in the fetal lung. Further investigations are needed to elucidate mechanisms orchestrating sex hormone effects on lung development. These studies aim to decrease mortality and morbidity associated with RDS and other pathologies related to lung immaturity at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Seaborn
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Reproduction, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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