1
|
Pinto-Cardoso R, Pereira-Costa F, Pedro Faria J, Bandarrinha P, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Adenosinergic signalling in chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis: Friend or foe? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113784. [PMID: 31884043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes and their mesenchymal cell progenitors secrete a variety of bioactive molecules, including adenine nucleotides and nucleosides, but these molecules are not usually highlighted in review papers about the secretome of these cells. Ageing and inflammatory insults compromise chondrocytes ability to keep ATP/adenosine synthesis, release and turnover. Cartilage homeostasis depends on extracellular adenosine levels, which acting via four P1 purinoceptor subtypes modulates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE2 and several cytokines. Native articular cartilage is challenged by synovial fluid flow during normal joint motion transiently increasing ATP release and adenosine formation in the joint microenvironment. Excessive joint motion and shockwave trauma are deleterious to cartilage homeostasis due to HIF-1α overexpression, resulting in disproportionate ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 production, adenosine accumulation and superfluous A2B receptors activation. Scarcity of data however exists on the putative interplay between coexistent high affinity (A2A and A3) and low affinity (A2B) adenosine receptors activation affecting stem cells fate towards preferential chondrogenic or osteogenic lineages in the human cartilage. Hints gathered in this commentary result mainly from studies using human immortalized cell lines and animal (e.g. rodent, equine, bovine) tissue samples. The available data point towards adenosine A2A and A3 receptors having cartilage protective roles, while excessive adenosine accumulation may be detrimental via low affinity A2B receptors activation, with little reference to the putative role of the adenosine forming enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73. Thus, emphasizing the multiple pathways responsible for controlling adenosine signalling in cartilage will certainly impact on the search for novel therapeutic targets for highly disabling articular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Flávio Pereira-Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - João Pedro Faria
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Patrícia Bandarrinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhan Y, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang T, Xia L, Zhou M, Wang Y, Wang S, Hua Z, Zhang J. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury through an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism in mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e985. [PMID: 24407238 PMCID: PMC4040656 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethality and acute liver failure is dependent on endogenously produced inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine has been proven to be a central role in the regulation of inflammatory response. It is not entirely clear that which adenosine action is actually crucial to limiting inflammatory tissue destruction. Here we showed that GalN/LPS challenge elevated hepatic adenosine and induced lethality in adenosine receptor-deficient mice with equal efficiency as wild-type mice. In GalN/LPS-treated mice, pretreatment with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP) significantly elevated hepatic adenosine level and reduced mortality through decreasing cytokine and chemokine production. In RAW264.7 cells, 5'-AMP treatment inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, which is not mediated through adenosine receptors. 5'-AMP failed to attenuate LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation, but reduced LPS-induced recruitment of NF-κB p65 to inflammatory gene promoters and decreased LPS-induced enrichment of H3K4 dimethylation at the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoter, which was involved in 5'-AMP-induced elevation of cellular adenosine and a decline of methylation potential. In vitro biochemical analysis revealed that adenosine directly attenuated recruitment of NF-κB to the TNF-α and interleukin-6 promoters. Our findings demonstrate that 5'-AMP-inhibiting inflammatory response is not mediated by adenosine receptors and it may represent a potential protective agent for amelioration of LPS-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Z Wang
- East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - P Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - T Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - L Xia
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - M Zhou
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Y Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - S Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Z Hua
- The State Kay Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- 1] Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China [2] The State Kay Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
dos Santos-Rodrigues A, Ferreira JM, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Differential adenosine uptake in mixed neuronal/glial or purified glial cultures of avian retinal cells: modulation by adenosine metabolism and the ERK cascade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:175-80. [PMID: 21945936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important modulator of neuronal survival and differentiation in the CNS. Our previous work showed that nucleoside transporters (NTs) are present in cultures of chick retinal cells, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating adenosine transport in these cultures. Our aim in the present work was to study the participation of the adenosine metabolism as well as the ERK pathway on adenosine uptake in different types of retinal cultures (mixed and purified glial cultures). Kinetic analysis in both cultures revealed that the uptake reached equilibrium after 30 min and presented two components. Incubation of cultures with S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI) or dipyridamole, different inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs), produced a significant and concentration-dependent uptake reduction in both cultures. However, while dipyridamole presented similar maximal inhibitory effects in both cultures (although in different concentrations), the inhibition by NBTI was smaller in glial cultures than in mixed cultures, suggesting the presence of different transporters. Moreover, pre-incubation of [(3)H]-adenosine with adenosine deaminase (ADA) or adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibition with iodotubercidin promoted significant uptake inhibition in both cultures, indicating that the uptake is predominantly for adenosine and not inosine, and that taken up adenosine is preferentially directed to the synthesis of adenine nucleotides. In both cultures, the MEK inhibitors PD98059 or UO126, but not the inactive analog U0124, induced a significant and concentration-dependent uptake decrease. We have not observed any change in adenosine metabolism induced by MEK inhibitors, suggesting that this pathway is mediating a direct effect on NTs. Our results show the expression of different NTs in retinal cells in culture and that the activity of these transporters can be regulated by the ERK pathway or metabolic enzymes such as ADK which are then potential targets for regulation of Ado levels in normal or pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Diestel A, Roessler J, Pohl-Schickinger A, Koster A, Drescher C, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Specific p38 inhibition in stimulated endothelial cells: a possible new anti-inflammatory strategy after hypothermia and rewarming. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:246-52. [PMID: 19576293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To protect immature organ systems during corrective cardiac surgery, patients are cooled to a minimal temperature of 17 degrees C during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However hypothermic CPB triggers the whole body inflammatory response and results in unwanted prolonged inflammation. The present study was designed to clarify the hypothermia and rewarming induced mechanisms and examine interventional pharmacological strategies that could prevent prolonged inflammation. Stimulated primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to a dynamic temperature protocol analogous to clinical settings. Furthermore endothelial cells were pretreated with methylprednisolone and/or tacrolimus as well as with MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, U0126 and SP600125). Cell viability, expression of IL-6 and ERK 1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK were investigated. Stimulated endothelial cells secreted significantly higher IL-6 protein 2h after rewarming in comparison to normothermic control cells. Moreover, dynamic temperature changes lead to increased MAPK phosphorylation. Only the combined pre-treatment with MP and TAC served to inhibit the IL-6 secretion. As intracellular signalling pathway we could demonstrate that SB203580 as specific p38 inhibitor most effectively down regulated the unwanted IL-6 release after cooling and rewarming. Therefore inhibition of p38 or components of the p38 pathway could be a promising and selective antiinflammatory therapeutic target after hypothermic CPB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Diestel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palmer TM, Trevethick MA. Suppression of inflammatory and immune responses by the A(2A) adenosine receptor: an introduction. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153 Suppl 1:S27-34. [PMID: 18026131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine has been described as a 'retaliatory metabolite' by virtue of its ability to function in an autocrine manner to modify the activity of a range of cell types following its extracellular accumulation during cell stress or injury. These effects are largely protective and are triggered by the binding of adenosine to any of four G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors. Most of the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine have been assigned to the adenosine A(2A) receptor subtype, which is expressed in many immune and inflammatory cells. In this brief article, we will outline the growing evidence to support the hypothesis that the development of agonists selective for the A(2A) receptor is an effective strategy for suppressing the exaggerated inflammatory responses associated with many diseases by virtue of the receptor's ability to inhibit multiple pro-inflammatory signalling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Palmer
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gessi S, Varani K, Merighi S, Fogli E, Sacchetto V, Benini A, Leung E, Mac-Lennan S, Borea PA. Adenosine and lymphocyte regulation. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:109-16. [PMID: 18404424 PMCID: PMC2096755 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a potent extracellular messenger that is produced in high concentrations under metabolically unfavourable conditions. Tissue hypoxia, consequent to a compromised cellular energy status, is followed by the enhanced breakdown of ATP leading to the release of adenosine. Through the interaction with A(2) and A(3) membrane receptors, adenosine is devoted to the restoration of tissue homeostasis, acting as a retaliatory metabolite. Several aspects of the immune response have to be taken into consideration and even though in general it is very important to dampen inflammation, in some circumstances, such as the case of cancer, it is also necessary to increase the activity of immune cells against pathogens. Therefore, adenosine receptors that are defined as "sensors" of metabolic changes in the local tissue environment may be very important targets for modulation of immune responses and drugs devoted to regulating the adenosinergic system are promising in different clinical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gessi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan ESL, Fernandez P, Cronstein BN. Adenosine in inflammatory joint diseases. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:145-52. [PMID: 18404428 PMCID: PMC2096754 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory joint diseases are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a variety of different etiologies and disease manifestations. However, there are features that are common to all of them: first, the recruitment of various inflammatory cell types that are attracted to involved tissues over the course of the disease process. Second, the treatments used in many of these diseases are commonly medications that suppress or alter immune function. The demonstration that adenosine has endogenous anti-inflammatory functions and that some of the most commonly used anti-rheumatic medications exert their therapeutic effects through stimulation of adenosine release suggest an important role for purinergic signaling in inflammatory rheumatic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S L Chan
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sen B, Chakraborty A, Datta R, Bhattacharyya D, Datta AK. Reversal of ADP-mediated aggregation of adenosine kinase by cyclophilin leads to its reactivation. Biochemistry 2006; 45:263-71. [PMID: 16388602 DOI: 10.1021/bi0518489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilins have been implicated in several important cellular functions. Our earlier results showed that reactivation of adenosine kinase (AdK) by CyP (LdCyP) from the parasitic protozoa Leishmania donovani is accompanied with disaggregation of the enzyme [Chakraborty, A., et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47451-47460; Chakraborty, A., et al. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 11862-11872]. However, it remained to be known why the enzyme displayed progressive inhibition during the time-dependent reaction and what LdCyP does to prevent and/or reverse the inhibition. Herein, we demonstrate that one of its reaction products, ADP but not AMP, facilitates the formation of AdK aggregates, leading to its inactivation. Further studies revealed that LdCyP reactivates the enzyme by withdrawing the ADP inhibition. To investigate the molecular mechanism, the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and polarization of AdK were monitored in the presence of either LdCyP or ADP and in combination thereof. Whereas in the presence of LdCyP the tryptophan fluorescence emission maxima of AdK exhibited a red shift, ADP had a quenching effect. However, both the red shift and quenching became less noticeable when one (W234) of the two tryptophan residues of AdK was altered, indicating W234 fluorescence is relatively more sensitive to both LdCyP and ADP binding. Kinetic measurements indicated that LdCyP-facilitated reactivation of AdK is accompanied with a concomitant increase in the KD of ADP but not of AMP. Interestingly, addition of myokinase (MK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) along with phosphoenolpyruvate, either singly or in conjunction, to the AdK reaction mixture led to its reactivation. The effect of PK but not of MK could be substituted by CyP and vice versa. Taken together, the results suggest that LdCyP-induced reactivation occurs due to conformational reorientation of AdK in a manner that decreases the affinity of the enzyme for ADP with consequent relief from the ADP-mediated aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banibrata Sen
- Leishmania Group, Division of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McLaughlin GE, Alva MD, Egea M. Adenosine receptor antagonism in acute tacrolimus toxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:1961-5. [PMID: 16522656 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcineurin inhibitors induce renal vasoconstriction and oliguria during acute toxicity. We previously demonstrated that the non-specific adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow in the setting of acute tacrolimus (TAC) toxicity. This study was undertaken to determine which of the known adenosine receptor subtypes is responsible for the observed effect of theophylline. METHODS The GFR was measured by clearance of 51Cr-EDTA in anaesthetized, instrumented Sprague-Dawley rats at three time points: at baseline, 60 min after intravenous administration of TAC (0.05 mg/kg) or vehicle (V) and at 100 min after TAC or V. Either DMSO (n = 5) or one of the three available specific adenosine receptor subtype antagonists 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 2 mg/kg, n = 5), a selective A1 receptor antagonist, 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC, 2 mg/kg, n = 4), a selective A2a receptor antagonist and 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5 dicarboxylate (MRS1191, 1 mg/kg, n = 5), a selective A3 receptor antagonist, was administered intra-peritoneally prior to the final GFR measurement. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect differences between groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS Measured GFR declined by 30% from baseline 60 min after TAC. In DMSO treated animals, GFR decreased 51% from baseline at 100 min after TAC, but increased 45% from baseline at 100 min after TAC + MRS1191. CONCLUSIONS Only administration of the A3 adenosine antagonist increased GFR following TAC, suggesting that this receptor mediates the effect of theophylline on GFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33130, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Capecchi PL, Rechichi S, Lazzerini PE, Collini A, Guideri F, Ruggieri G, Carmellini M, Laghi-Pasini F. Cyclosporin and tacrolimus increase plasma levels of adenosine in kidney transplanted patients. Transpl Int 2005; 18:289-95. [PMID: 15730488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2004.00036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive agents, cyclosporin (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), display cardioprotective activities. The mechanism would consist on the inhibition of the enzyme, adenosine kinase (AK), leading to an increase in adenosine (ADO) levels. ADO, inosine (INO) and nucleotide plasma levels were measured in kidney transplant recipients before and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the administration of CsA or FK506. After CsA and FK506 administration, ADO plasma levels significantly increased, reaching a peak level after 2 h (483 +/- 124 and 429 +/- 96 nm, respectively), and then progressively declined. Calculated peak values (t(max)) of ADO were slightly delayed with respect to those of CsA and FK506. Treatment with rapamycin did not influence the phenomenon. The dynamic profile of plasma changes of ADO, nucleotides and INO were consistent with the inhibition of the enzyme, AK. ADO increase may be clinically relevant in terms of anti-ischaemic, tissue protecting, and immunosuppressive activities as well as in terms of nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Leopoldo Capecchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McLaughlin GE, Abitbol CL. Reversal of oliguric tacrolimus nephrotoxicity in children. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20:1471-5. [PMID: 15840666 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute tacrolimus toxicity is manifest by oliguria and elevated serum creatinine. Various vasoregulatory molecules have been implicated in calcineurin inhibitor-mediated nephrotoxicity, including calcium, adenosine and endothelin. Theophylline (THEO), a non-specific adenosine-receptor antagonist prevents renal dysfunction from various nephrotoxins which mediate vasoconstriction. In the setting of acute tacrolimus toxicity, we demonstrated that administration of THEO along with a loop diuretic (LD) enhanced diuresis. This randomized, controlled trial was undertaken to confirm these earlier findings under more rigorous conditions. METHODS Children with non-renal visceral transplant(s) and evidence of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity oliguria with a 25% increase in serum creatinine concentration from baseline, a whole blood tacrolimus concentration >20 ng/dl and oliguria resistant to therapy with a LD were randomized to receive either THEO (n = 10) or normal saline placebo (n = 8). Using pre and post (6 h) timed urine collections and coincident plasma concentrations the following were measured or calculated: urine flow rate, net fluid balance, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of chloride, free water clearance and distal delivery of chloride. RESULTS These patients had markedly impaired creatinine clearance at the onset of tacrolimus toxicity. Urine flow increased in the LD + THEO group by 110% over baseline, but was unchanged in the LD + NS group. An increase in creatinine clearance did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.09). Fractional excretion of chloride and distal solute delivery increased after THEO treatment. CONCLUSIONS THEO induced a solute diuresis during furosemide-resistant oliguric tacrolimus toxicity in paediatric patients with a trend towards improved renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL 33130, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JK, Won JS, Singh AK, Singh I. Adenosine kinase inhibitor attenuates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in glial cells. Neuropharmacology 2005; 48:151-60. [PMID: 15617735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effect of adenosine kinase inhibitor (ADKI) in glial cells. Treatment of glial cells with IC51, an ADKI, stimulated the extracellular adenosine release and reduced the LPS/IFNgamma-mediated production of NO, and induction of iNOS and TNF-alpha gene expression. The recovery of IC51-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression by adenosine transport inhibitor, S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), and the inhibition of LPS/IFNgamma-induced iNOS gene expression by exogenous adenosine indicate a role for adenosine release in IC51-mediated iNOS expression. The rescue of IC51-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression by adenosine receptor antagonist for A2A, 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) and alloxazine for A2B, further supports a role for interaction of adenosine and its receptors in anti-inflammatory activity. The IC51-mediated induction of cAMP levels, downstream target of A2A and A2B, and inhibition of LPS/IFNgamma-induced expression of iNOS by forskolin, a cAMP activator, document a role for cAMP mediated pathway in anti-inflammatory activity of IC51. Taken together, these studies document that IC51-mediated inhibition of iNOS expression is through activation of adenosine receptors, which activates A2A and A2B resulting in increased cAMP levels following LPS/IFNgamma stimulation. Moreover, the lack of effect of IC51 or adenosine on NFkappaB DNA binding activity and its transactivity indicates that the inhibition of iNOS expression mediated by IC51 may be through an NFkappaB independent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Koo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 316 Clinical Science Building, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thomas NJ, Carcillo JA. Theophylline for acute renal vasoconstriction associated with tacrolimus: a new indication for an old therapeutic agent? Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003; 4:392-3. [PMID: 12840610 DOI: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000075322.56699.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
McLaughlin GE, Kashimawo LA, Steele BW, Kuluz JW. Reversal of acute tacrolimus-induced renal vasoconstriction by theophylline in rats. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003; 4:358-62. [PMID: 12831420 DOI: 10.1097/01.pcc.0000074269.30004.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether theophylline, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, reverses the acute declines in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate induced by high-dose tacrolimus in rats. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled experimental study. SETTING University-based basic science research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS After mechanical ventilation and instrumentation under isoflurane and nitrous oxide anesthesia, animals received either tacrolimus 0.5 mg/kg intravenously or vehicle and 1 hr later either theophylline 4 mg/kg intravenously or vehicle. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS By using radiolabeled microspheres, renal blood flow was measured in three groups: control (n = 5), tacrolimus plus vehicle (n = 6), and tacrolimus plus theophylline (n = 6) at four time points-baseline and 60, 75, and 90 mins after tacrolimus or vehicle (the latter two time points being 15 and 30 mins after theophylline or vehicle, respectively). Whole blood tacrolimus and serum theophylline concentrations were measured. In a separate group of animals, by using (51)Cr-EDTA, glomerular filtration rate was measured in two groups: tacrolimus plus vehicle (n = 5) and tacrolimus plus theophylline (n = 5) at baseline and over two consecutive 20-min time periods beginning 61 mins posttacrolimus. Urine flow rate also was measured. Following tacrolimus, both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate declined in parallel by approximately 33% and 50% from baseline after 75 and 90 mins, respectively (p <.05 by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance). Theophylline completely reversed these tacrolimus-induced decreases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Urine flow rate also increased in response to theophylline. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose theophylline reverses tacrolimus-induced declines in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate observed in an acute model of tacrolimus toxicity. Theophylline's effect in chronic toxicity remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn E McLaughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nakazawa T, Koshiba M, Kosaka H, Tsuji G, Nakamachi Y, Saura R, Kurosaka M, Tanaka Y, Kumagai S. Adenosine downregulates cytokine-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts independently of adenosine receptor signaling. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
16
|
Kosaka H, Koshiba M, Nakazawa T, Tsuji G, Saegusa J, Kanagawa S, Saura R, Kurosaka M, Yoshino S, Kumagai S. Inhibition of the nucleoside transporter inhibits disease progression in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
17
|
Spychala J, Mitchell BS. Cyclosporin A and FK506 decrease adenosine kinase activity and adenosine uptake in T-lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002; 140:84-91. [PMID: 12228764 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2002.125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a potent modulator of immune function, and adenosine kinase (AK), a rate-limiting enzyme for adenosine uptake and metabolism, is a potential mediator of adenosine regulation. We have found that adenosine uptake increased six- to 18-fold during T-lymphocyte activation. This increase correlated with an increase in AK activity but not in AK protein. The immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 inhibited both adenosine uptake and AK activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Among several nucleosides and bases, the inhibition of uptake was selective for adenosine. Immunosuppressive drug treatment also caused a twofold increase in the level of extracellular adenosine but not of inosine, suggesting that the effect is not related to the general toxicity of drugs. Inhibitors of calcineurin did not inhibit adenosine uptake, suggesting that this protein phosphatase does not mediate the effect. These data demonstrate that CsA and FK506 enhance adenosine concentrations in T-lymphocytes by way of a mechanism that involves AK inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Spychala
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|