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Nakamura A, Aida Y, Okamoto M, Maeda A, Nagao A, Kitatani K, Takekoshi S, Fujisawa A, Yamamoto Y, Kashiba M. Transferrin, insulin, and progesterone modulate intracellular concentrations of coenzyme Q and cholesterol, products of the mevalonate pathway, in undifferentiated PC12 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:199-206. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukina Aida
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | | | - Ayaka Maeda
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Ayaka Nagao
- School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology
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2
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Feng S, Yan L, Lou Y, Ying L. The protective effect of curcumin on testicular tissue in a cryptorchid rat model. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:409.e1-409.e7. [PMID: 35803866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism is the most common abnormality of male sexual development. For the protection of testicular functions, antioxidants have emerged as novel options. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (Cur), a strong antioxidant, on the Flutamide-induced cryptorchidism testicular tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 10, each): a control, a model, and a Cur-treated group (100 mg/kg/d). All offspring were delivered by days 21-22 of gestation and the male rats were sacrificed at postnatal birth days (PNDs) PND60. The testicles were separated and weighed, followed by TUNEL staining to detect germ cell apoptosis, an ELISA kit to measure SOD and MDA, and Western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and PCNA. RESULTS Curcumin administration ameliorated the histological appearance of the testis and greatly reduced the level of apoptosis in cryptorchidism rats' testicular cells. After curcumin treatment, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was restored in the testis tissues of cryptorchidism rats. Curcumin therapy reduced Bax expression while increasing Bcl-2 expression, according to the molecular study. Curcumin therapy also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in cryptorchidism rats' testis tissue. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that curcumin administration significantly reduced the germ cell apoptosis in rats with cryptorchidism, which provides new insight for antioxidant therapy in preserving testicular functions before or after surgery in cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Ying
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Chatterjee A, Pal A, Paul S. A Novel Compound Plumercine from Plumeria alba Exhibits Promising Anti-Leukemic Efficacies against B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:2565-2580. [PMID: 35102802 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2010777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study was focused to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-cancerous properties of Plumeria alba. Plumeria alba was chosen due to its existing medicinal values. Antioxidant assays like Superoxide radical scavenging assay, Nitrous Oxide radical scavenging assay, were performed, on the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the plant, that depicts the pro-oxidant nature of the extract. Further, they were tested to check cell viability on B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cell line (NALM 6), human lung cancer cell line (A549), T cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cell line (MOLT4), and PBMC isolated from normal donors utilizing MTT assay. Robust anti-proliferative activity was observed in the case of NALM 6 followed by A549, MOLT4, whereas negligible activity was observed in the case of PBMC. Intrigued by this finding, in silico docking was performed using three bioactive compounds namely Plumericine, Isoplumericine, and 13-O-p-Coumaroylplumieride, unique to Plumeria sp. They were docked against five different cyclins and Cdk proteins responsible for ALL. The compounds have shown satisfactory results and their druggability and ADMET properties were checked further. Plumercine turned out to be the most competent compound and hence can be considered as a potential leukemic drug candidate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Pal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Paul
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Programmed cell death in aortic aneurysm and dissection: A potential therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:67-80. [PMID: 34597613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rupture of aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains a leading cause of death. Progressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss is a crucial feature of AAD that contributes to aortic dysfunction and degeneration, leading to aortic aneurysm, dissection, and, ultimately, rupture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SMC loss and identifying pathways that promote SMC death in AAD are critical for developing an effective pharmacologic therapy to prevent aortic destruction and disease progression. Cell death is controlled by programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Although these pathways share common stimuli and triggers, each type of programmed cell death has unique features and activation pathways. A growing body of evidence supports a critical role for programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of AAD, and inhibitors of various types of programmed cell death represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the different types of programmed cell death pathways and their features, induction, contributions to AAD development, and therapeutic potential. We also highlight the clinical significance of programmed cell death for further studies.
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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6
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Boscolo D, Krämer M, Fuss MC, Durante M, Scifoni E. Impact of Target Oxygenation on the Chemical Track Evolution of Ion and Electron Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020424. [PMID: 31936545 PMCID: PMC7014692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiosensitivity of biological systems is strongly affected by the system oxygenation. On the nanoscopic scale and molecular level, this effect is considered to be strongly related to the indirect damage of radiation. Even though particle track radiolysis has been the object of several studies, still little is known about the nanoscopic impact of target oxygenation on the radical yields. Here we present an extension of the chemical module of the Monte Carlo particle track structure code TRAX, taking into account the presence of dissolved molecular oxygen in the target material. The impact of the target oxygenation level on the chemical track evolution and the yields of all the relevant chemical species are studied in water under different irradiation conditions: different linear energy transfer (LET) values, different oxygenation levels, and different particle types. Especially for low LET radiation, a large production of two highly toxic species ( HO 2 • and O 2 • - ), which is not produced in anoxic conditions, is predicted and quantified in oxygenated solutions. The remarkable correlation between the HO 2 • and O 2 • - production yield and the oxygen enhancement ratio observed in biological systems suggests a direct or indirect involvement of HO 2 • and O 2 • - in the oxygen sensitization effect. The results are in agreement with available experimental data and previous computational approaches. An analysis of the oxygen depletion rate in different radiation conditions is also reported. The radiosensitivity of biological systems is strongly affected by the system oxygenation. On the nanoscopic scale and molecular level, this effect is considered to be strongly related to the indirect damage of radiation. Even though particle track radiolysis has been the object of several studies, still little is known about the nanoscopic impact of target oxygenation on the radical yields. Here we present an extension of the chemical module of the Monte Carlo particle track structure code TRAX, taking into account the presence of dissolved molecular oxygen in the target material. The impact of the target oxygenation level on the chemical track evolution and the yields of all the relevant chemical species are studied in water under different irradiation conditions: different linear energy transfer (LET) values, different oxygenation levels, and different particle types. Especially for low LET radiation, a large production of two highly toxic species ( HO 2 • and O 2 • - ), which is not produced in anoxic conditions, is predicted and quantified in oxygenated solutions. The remarkable correlation between the HO 2 • and O 2 • - production yield and the oxygen enhancement ratio observed in biological systems suggests a direct or indirect involvement of HO 2 • and O 2 • - in the oxygen sensitization effect. The results are in agreement with available experimental data and previous computational approaches. An analysis of the oxygen depletion rate in different radiation conditions is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Boscolo
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.K.); (M.C.F.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Krämer
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.K.); (M.C.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Martina C. Fuss
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.K.); (M.C.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (M.K.); (M.C.F.); (M.D.)
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, TUDarmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), 3812 Povo, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, (INFN), 3812 Povo, Italy;
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Pandya P, Braiman A, Isakov N. PICOT (GLRX3) is a positive regulator of stress-induced DNA-damage response. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109340. [PMID: 31176019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)-interacting cousin of thioredoxin (PICOT; also termed glutaredoxin 3 (Glrx3)) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that possesses an N-terminal monothiol thioredoxin (Trx) domain and two C-terminal tandem copies of a monothiol Glrx domain. It has an overall highly conserved amino acid sequence and is encoded by a unique gene, both in humans and mice, without having other functional gene homologs in the entire genome. Despite being discovered almost two decades ago, the biological function of PICOT remains largely ill-defined and its ramifications are underestimated considering the fact that PICOT-deficiency in mice results in embryonic lethality. Since classical Glrxs are important regulators of the cellular redox homeostasis, we tested whether PICOT participate in the stress-induced DNA-damage response, focusing on nuclear proteins that function as integral components of the DNA repair machinery. Using wild type versus PICOT-deficient (PICOT-KD) Jurkat T cells we found that the anti-oxidant mechanism in PICOT-deficient cells is impaired, and that these cells respond to genotoxic drugs, such as etoposide and camptothecin, by increased caspase-3 activity, a reduced survival and a slower and diminished phosphorylation of the histone protein, H2AX. Nevertheless, the effect of PICOT on the drug-induced phosphorylation of H2AX was independent of the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species. PICOT-deficient cells also demonstrated reduced and slower γH2AX foci formation in response to radiation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining using PICOT- and γH2AX-specific Abs followed by confocal microscopy demonstrated partial localization of PICOT at the γH2AX-containing foci at the site of the DNA double strand breaks. In addition, PICOT knockdown resulted in inhibition of phosphorylation of ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases, which play an essential role in the DNA-damage response and serve as upstream regulators of γH2AX. The present data suggest that PICOT protects cells from DNA damage-inducing agents by operating as an upstream positive regulator of ATR-dependent signaling pathways. By promoting the activity of ATR, PICOT indirectly regulates the phosphorylation and activation of Chk1, Chk2, and γH2AX, which are critical components of the DNA damage repair mechanism and thereby attenuate the stress- and replication-induced genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinakin Pandya
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel..
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8
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Verma A, Leekha A, Kumar V, Moin I, Gurjar B. Modulation of oxidative stress by doxorubicin loaded chitosan nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Antifilarial activity of azadirachtin fuelled through reactive oxygen species induced apoptosis: a thorough molecular study on Setaria cervi. J Helminthol 2018; 93:519-528. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x18000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEfficacious therapeutic strategies against lymphatic filariasis are always sought after. However, natural products are a promising resource for developing effective antifilarial agents. Azadirachtin, a significant tetranortriterpenoid phytocompound found in Azadirachta indica, was evaluated in vitro for antifilarial potential against the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Dye exclusion and MTT assay confirmed the antifilarial potential of azadirachtin against S. cervi with a median lethal dose (LC50) of 6.28 μg/ml for microfilariae (mf), and 9.55 μg/ml for adult parasites. Morphological aberrations were prominent in the histological sections of the azadirachtin-exposed parasites. Moreover, alterations in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) parameters in treated parasites were evident. Induction of apoptosis in treated parasites was confirmed by DNA laddering, acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining and in situ DNA fragmentation. The downregulation of anti-apoptotic CED-9 and upregulation of proapoptotic EGL-1, CED-4 and CED-3 at both the transcription and translation levels confirmed apoptosis execution at the molecular level. Changes in the gene expressions of nuc-1, cps-6 and crn-1 further clarified the molecular cause of DNA degradation. Furthermore, azadirachtin was found to be non-toxic in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses. Therefore, the experimental evidence detailed the pharmacological effectiveness of azadirachtin as a possible therapeutic agent against filariasis.
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10
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Zhang H, Ruan J, Liu W, Jiang X, Du T, Jiang H, Alberto P, Gottschalk KE, Wang X. Monitoring dynamic release of intracellular hydrogen peroxide through a microelectrode based enzymatic biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4509-4517. [PMID: 29796900 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A high sensitive and selective hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor was fabricated on the basis of reduced hemoglobin (Hb) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for detecting the release of H2O2 from living HepG2 cancer cells in the process of the in situ biosynthesis of ZnO quantum. The modification of carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) was carried out by physical adsorption. By the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the dense cover of surface and successful immobilization were characterized. Electrochemical investigation demonstrates that the as-prepared modified microelectrode showed a quasi-reversible process toward the reduction of H2O2, which exhibited a linear range from 0.51 to 10.6 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.23 μM. This microelectrode biosensor was applied for the quantification of the change of H2O2 concentration released from HepG2 cells through the in situ biosynthesis of ZnO quantum dots, which was further confirmed by the fluorescence staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuerui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Pasquarelli Alberto
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 45, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kay-Eberhard Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 45, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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11
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Beigi Boroujeni M, Shahrokhi SS, Birjandi M, Abbaszadeh A, Beyranvand F, Hamoleh S, Zandbaf Z, Gholami M. Effects of pomegranate peel extract on histopathology, testosterone levels and sperm of testicular torsion–detorsion induced in adult Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0009/jcim-2017-0009.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, effects of pomegranate peel extract have been evaluated on decreasing the damage induced by testis torsion.MethodsIn this study, 30 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of control, experimental (1) and experimental (2). Control: no ischemia, received vehicle alone, exposed to sham operation. Experimental (1): Received the vehicle alone during ischemia followed by 60 days’ reperfusion. Experimental (2): After performing ischemia reperfusion, 500 mg/kg of pomegranate peel extract has been used for 60 days. Blood samples and sperm samples were collected. Testes were harvested and stained with haematoxylin and eosin to study the structure of seminiferous tubules.ResultsThe statistical comparison between sperm count and their viability and testosterone hormone amount showed a significant difference between control and experimental (1) groups and control and experimental (2) groups. The results showed an improvement of morphological condition of seminiferous tubules.ConclusionsPomegranate peel extract has revealed desirable changes on the effective parameters in infertility.
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Mitsuhashi Y, Furusawa Y, Aradate T, Zhao QL, Moniruzzaman R, Kanamori M, Noguchi K, Kondo T. 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-alphitolic acid, a triterpenoid from Zizyphus jujuba, leads to apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species production and activation of the unfolded protein response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183712. [PMID: 28832644 PMCID: PMC5568338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-alphitolic acid (3OTPCA), a triterpenoid isolated from the plant Zizyphus jujuba (ZJ), is known to be cytotoxic to cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanism underlying 3OTPCA-induced cell death remains unknown. Here, we provide novel evidence that 3OTPCA induces apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells. We found that 3OPTCA induces DNA fragmentation within 24 h after treatment in U937 cells, which was also observed in other leukemia cell lines, including Molt-4 and Jurkat cells. We then investigated other parameters involved in apoptosis, including phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase-3 cleavage in U937 cells treated with 3OTPCA. 3OTPCA caused significant DNA fragmentation, annexin-V binding, and caspase-3 cleavage, indicating that 3OTPCA exerts cytotoxicity through apoptosis induction. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of transcripts associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as spliced XBP-1 and CHOP, were up-regulated by 3OTPCA treatment. 3OTPCA-induced UPR activation may be due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress because both 3OTPCA and thapsigargin, an endoplasmic Ca2+ transport ATPase inhibitor, increased intracellular calcium levels. 3OTPCA down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, a target of CHOP, and led to the loss of the mitochondrial membrane, indicating that the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway was triggered by 3OTPCA, likely through UPR activation. Furthermore, we found that 3OTPCA induced superoxide anion generation and, following p38 MAPK phosphorylation, caspase-8 cleavage without affecting Fas expression. It also induced subsequent Bid cleavage, which may enhance the apoptosis triggered by the intrinsic pathway. These findings reveal for the first time that 3OTPCA induces apoptotic cell death through the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mitsuhashi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadashi Aradate
- Department of Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Rohan Moniruzzaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kanamori
- Department of Human Science 1, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Li P, Zhao QL, Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Ahmed K, Sakurai H, Kondo T. Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a TAK1 inhibitor, in Molt-4 cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 33:411-418. [PMID: 28111999 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1278629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase1 (TAK1) plays an anti-apoptotic role in response to multiple stresses. TAK1 inhibitor, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ) has been studied for its apoptotic effects. However, the combined effect of OZ with physical stresses remains to be elusive. Therefore, in this study we focussed to determine the combined effects of OZ with hyperthermia (HT) using Molt-4 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molt-4 cells were pre-treated with OZ for 1 h followed by heat exposure (44 °C, 10 min) and harvested 24 h after incubation at 37 °C, apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay using flow cytometry and cell growth was observed by cell counting assay. Further mechanism involved in the combination was investigated by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular ROS generation, expression of apoptosis related protein, intracellular calcium ion level and Fas activity. RESULTS Combination of OZ with HT significantly enhances MMP loss and superoxide generation. Furthermore, OZ pre-treatment promotes caspase-8 cleavage, Fas externalisation, caspase 3 activity and intracellular calcium ion levels. OZ pre-treatment decreased the expression of HT-induced Bcl-2 and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax, while markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and p38. In addition, increased expression of CHOP following combined treatment indicates that ER stress may also involve in the enhancement of HT-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data showed for the first time that OZ sensitizes Molt-4 cells to HT-induced apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, ROS and ER stress may also play role in the enhancement of HT-induced apoptosis by OZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- a Department of Radiological Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Qing-Li Zhao
- a Department of Radiological Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Paras Jawaid
- a Department of Radiological Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Mati Ur Rehman
- a Department of Radiological Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Kanwal Ahmed
- c Department of Basic Medical Sciences , College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- b Department of Cancer Cell Biology , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- a Department of Radiological Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
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Federici C, Drake KM, Rigelsky CM, McNelly LN, Meade SL, Comhair SAA, Erzurum SC, Aldred MA. Increased Mutagen Sensitivity and DNA Damage in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:219-28. [PMID: 25918951 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201411-2128oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious lung condition characterized by vascular remodeling in the precapillary pulmonary arterioles. We and others have demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities and increased DNA damage in PAH lung vascular cells, but their timing and role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that if DNA damage predates PAH, it might be an intrinsic cell property that is present outside the diseased lung. METHODS We measured DNA damage, mutagen sensitivity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung and blood cells from patients with Group 1 PAH, their relatives, and unrelated control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Baseline DNA damage was significantly elevated in PAH, both in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (P < 0.05) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (P < 0.001). Remarkably, PBMC from unaffected relatives showed similar increases, indicating this is not related to PAH treatments. ROS levels were also higher (P < 0.01). DNA damage correlated with ROS production and was suppressed by antioxidants (P < 0.001). PBMC from patients and relatives also showed markedly increased sensitivity to two chemotherapeutic drugs, bleomycin and etoposide (P < 0.001). Results were consistent across idiopathic, heritable, and associated PAH groups. CONCLUSIONS Levels of baseline and mutagen-induced DNA damage are intrinsically higher in PAH cells. Similar results in PBMC from unaffected relatives suggest this may be a genetically determined trait that predates disease onset and may act as a risk factor contributing to lung vascular remodeling following endothelial cell injury. Further studies are required to fully characterize mutagen sensitivity, which could have important implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suzy A A Comhair
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Differential response of biochemical parameters to EMS and MMS treatments and their dose effect relationship on chromosomes in induced diabetic mouse. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Xiong Y, Wu X, Rao L. Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Sanyeqing) root tuber extracts induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:46-53. [PMID: 25701754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Sanyeqing) is traditionally used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms by which petroleum ether fraction (PEF) of Sanyeqing has anti-tumor activity on HeLa cells. METHODS The chemical components of PEF were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of PEF on HeLa cells was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by phosphatidylserine translocation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) changes and the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. The levels in T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and MDA were measured. RESULTS PEF of Sanyeqing inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of HeLa cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. PEF triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathway indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, PEF activated extrinsic apoptotic pathway indicated by the activation of caspase-8. Furthermore, PEF decreased T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activities and increased MDA level. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids and phytosterol in PEF. CONCLUSIONS PEF of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et. Gilg (Sanyeqing) exhibits cytotoxic effects, triggers both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and augments oxidative stress in cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Sanyeqing has strong potential to be developed as an agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 411107, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xuewen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Liqun Rao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 411107, China.
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Cellular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Action in Melanoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:481782. [PMID: 26064422 PMCID: PMC4438193 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most melanomas occur on the skin, but a small percentage of these life-threatening cancers affect other parts of the body, such as the eye and mucous membranes, including the mouth. Given that most melanomas are caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure, close attention has been paid to the impact of oxidative stress on these tumors. The possibility that key epigenetic enzymes cannot act on a DNA altered by oxidative stress has opened new perspectives. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the alteration of DNA methylation by oxidative stress. We review the current evidence about (i) the role of oxidative stress in melanoma initiation and progression; (ii) the mechanisms by which ROS influence the DNA methylation pattern of transformed melanocytes; (iii) the transformative potential of oxidative stress-induced changes in global and/or local gene methylation and expression; (iv) the employment of this epimutation as a biomarker for melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance evaluation; (v) the impact of this new knowledge in clinical practice for melanoma treatment.
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Fico A, Alfano D, Valentino A, Vasta V, Cavalcanti E, Travali S, Patriarca EJ, Caputo E. c-Myc modulation: a key role in melanoma drug response. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1375-86. [PMID: 25835050 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms involved in melanoma resistance to drugs is a big challenge. Experimental evidences suggested a correlation between mutational status in B-RAF and melanoma cell susceptibility to drugs, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin and temozolomide, which generate an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the cells. We investigated the survival phenotype and the protein level of c-myc, a B-RAF target molecule, in melanoma cells, carrying a different mutational status in B-RAF, upon paclitaxel, doxorubicin and H2O2 treatment. For the first time, we reported c-myc modulation is critical for melanoma drug response. It appeared drug-specific and post-transcriptionally driven through PP2A; in correlation, cell pre-treatment with okadaic acid (OA), a specific PP2A inhibitor, as well as PP2A silencing of melanoma cells, was able to increase melanoma cell drug-sensitivity and c-myc protein level. This is relevant for designing efficacious therapeutic strategies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Fico
- a Institute of Genetics and Biophysics; A Buzzati-Traverso ; Naples , Italy.,d These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Daniela Alfano
- a Institute of Genetics and Biophysics; A Buzzati-Traverso ; Naples , Italy.,d These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Anna Valentino
- a Institute of Genetics and Biophysics; A Buzzati-Traverso ; Naples , Italy
| | - Valeria Vasta
- b Università degli Studi di Catania; Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche ; Catania , Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Travali
- b Università degli Studi di Catania; Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche ; Catania , Italy
| | | | - Emilia Caputo
- a Institute of Genetics and Biophysics; A Buzzati-Traverso ; Naples , Italy.,b Università degli Studi di Catania; Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche ; Catania , Italy
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Zub KA, de Sousa MML, Sarno A, Sharma A, Demirovic A, Rao S, Young C, Aas PA, Ericsson I, Sundan A, Jensen ON, Slupphaug G. Modulation of cell metabolic pathways and oxidative stress signaling contribute to acquired melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119857. [PMID: 25769101 PMCID: PMC4358942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents are widely used chemotherapeutics in the treatment of many cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, lung, breast and ovarian cancer. Melphalan is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent against multiple myeloma. However, despite a 70-80% initial response rate, virtually all patients eventually relapse due to the emergence of drug-resistant tumour cells. By using global proteomic and transcriptomic profiling on melphalan sensitive and resistant RPMI8226 cell lines followed by functional assays, we discovered changes in cellular processes and pathways not previously associated with melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells, including a metabolic switch conforming to the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis), and an elevated oxidative stress response mediated by VEGF/IL8-signaling. In addition, up-regulated aldo-keto reductase levels of the AKR1C family involved in prostaglandin synthesis contribute to the resistant phenotype. Finally, selected metabolic and oxidative stress response enzymes were targeted by inhibitors, several of which displayed a selective cytotoxicity against the melphalan-resistant cells and should be further explored to elucidate their potential to overcome melphalan resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Anna Zub
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Demirovic
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shalini Rao
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Arne Aas
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Ericsson
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Nørregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Li P, Zhao QL, Wu LH, Jawaid P, Jiao YF, Kadowaki M, Kondo T. Isofraxidin, a potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, protects human leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in p53-independent manner. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1043-53. [PMID: 24692054 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) leads to oxidizing events such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the exposed cells, resulting in further oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. To screen the potential radio-protective drug, the intracellular ROS was measured in irradiated U937 cells pretreated with 80 candidate traditional herbal medicine, respectively. Isofraxidin (IF) was one possible radio-protector in these 80 drugs. This study investigated the radio-protective role of IF, a Coumarin compound, in human leukemia cell lines, for the first time. Results indicate that IF protects against IR-induced apoptosis in U937 cells in the time- and concentration- dependent manner. IF decreases IR-induced intracellular ROS generation, especially hydroxyl radicals formation, inhibits IR-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and reduces IR-induced high intracellular Ca(2+) levels regardless of ER stress. IF down-regulates the expression of caspase-3, phospho-JNK, phospho-p38 and activates Bax in mitochondria. IF inhibits cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. IF also moderates IR-induced Fas externalization and caspase-8 activation. IF also exhibits significant protection against IR-induced cell death in other leukemia cell lines such as Molt-4 cells and HL60 cells regardless of p53. Taken together, the data demonstrate that IF protects leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Saini P, Gayen P, Kumar D, Nayak A, Mukherjee N, Mukherjee S, Pal BC, Babu SPS. Antifilarial effect of ursolic acid from Nyctanthes arbortristis: molecular and biochemical evidences. Parasitol Int 2014; 63:717-28. [PMID: 25009078 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A bio-assay guided fractionation and purification approach was used to examine in vitro antifilarial activities of the crude methanolic extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis as well as fractions and isolated compound. From ethyl-acetate fraction we isolated and identified a triterpenoid compound which has been characterized as ursolic acid (UA) by HPLC and NMR data. We are reporting for the first time isolation and identification of UA from the leaves of N. arbortristis. The crude extract and UA showed significant micro- as well as macrofilaricidal activities against the oocyte, microfilaria and adult of Setaria cervi (S. cervi) by dye exclusion test and MTT reduction assay. Significant microfilaricidal activity of UA was further proved against mf of W. bancrofti by viability assay. The findings thus provide a new lead for development of a suitable filaricide from natural products. The molecular mechanism of UA was investigated by performing TUNEL, Hoechst staining, Annexin V-Cy3, flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assay. Differential expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were observed at the transcription and translational levels in a dose-dependent manner. Depletion in the worm GSH level and elevation in the parasite GST, SOD and super oxide anion indicated the generation of ROS. In this investigation we are reporting for the first time that UA acts its antifilarial effect through induction of apoptosis and by downregulating and altering the level of some key antioxidants like GSH, GST and SOD of S. cervi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Saini
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Prajna Gayen
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Nayak
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Niladri Mukherjee
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikas C Pal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Wu LH, Li P, Zhao QL, Piao JL, Jiao YF, Kadowaki M, Kondo T. Arbutin, an intracellular hydroxyl radical scavenger, protects radiation-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1654-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Rehman MU, Jawaid P, Yoshihisa Y, Li P, Zhao QL, Narita K, Katoh T, Kondo T, Shimizu T. Spiruchostatin A and B, novel histone deacetylase inhibitors, induce apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway in human lymphoma U937 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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González-Mariscal I, García-Testón E, Padilla S, Martín-Montalvo A, Pomares Viciana T, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo Domínguez P, Santos-Ocaña C. The regulation of coenzyme q biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells: all that yeast can tell us. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:107-18. [PMID: 25126044 DOI: 10.1159/000362897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a mitochondrial lipid, which functions mainly as an electron carrier from complex I or II to complex III at the mitochondrial inner membrane, and also as antioxidant in cell membranes. CoQ is needed as electron acceptor in β-oxidation of fatty acids and pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis, and it is responsible for opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The yeast model has been very useful to analyze the synthesis of CoQ, and therefore, most of the knowledge about its regulation was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. CoQ biosynthesis is regulated to support 2 processes: the bioenergetic metabolism and the antioxidant defense. Alterations of the carbon source in yeast, or in nutrient availability in yeasts or mammalian cells, upregulate genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ synthesis. Oxidative stress, generated by chemical or physical agents or by serum deprivation, modifies specifically the expression of some COQ genes by means of stress transcription factors such as Msn2/4p, Yap1p or Hsf1p. In general, the induction of COQ gene expression produced by metabolic changes or stress is modulated downstream by other regulatory mechanisms such as the protein import to mitochondria, the assembly of a multi-enzymatic complex composed by Coq proteins and also the existence of a phosphorylation cycle that regulates the last steps of CoQ biosynthesis. The CoQ biosynthetic complex assembly starts with the production of a nucleating lipid such as HHB by the action of the Coq2 protein. Then, the Coq4 protein recognizes the precursor HHB acting as the nucleus of the complex. The activity of Coq8p, probably as kinase, allows the formation of an initial pre-complex containing all Coq proteins with the exception of Coq7p. This pre-complex leads to the synthesis of 5-demethoxy-Q6 (DMQ6), the Coq7p substrate. When de novo CoQ biosynthesis is required, Coq7p becomes dephosphorylated by the action of Ptc7p increasing the synthesis rate of CoQ6. This critical model is needed for a better understanding of CoQ biosynthesis. Taking into account that patients with CoQ10 deficiency maintain to some extent the machinery to synthesize CoQ, new promising strategies for the treatment of CoQ10 deficiency will require a better understanding of the regulation of CoQ biosynthesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena García-Testón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, S. Dak., USA
| | | | - Teresa Pomares Viciana
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Vazquez-Fonseca
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Gandolfo Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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Tsesin N, Khalfin B, Nathan I, Parola AH. Cardiolipin plays a role in KCN-induced necrosis. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:159-68. [PMID: 24995676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique anionic, dimeric phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is essential for the function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. While the role of cardiolipin in apoptosis is well established, its involvement in necrosis is enigmatic. In the present study, KCN-induced necrosis in U937 cells was used as an experimental model to assess the role of CL in necrosis. KCN addition to U937 cells induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, while the antioxidants inhibited necrosis, indicating that ROS play a role in KCN-induced cell death. Further, CL oxidation was confirmed by the monomer green fluorescence of 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) and by TLC. Utilizing the red fluorescence of the dimeric NAO, redistribution of CL in mitochondrial membrane during necrosis was revealed. We also showed that the catalytic activity of purified adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase complex, known to be modulated by cardiolipin, decreased following KCN treatment. All these events occurred at an early phase of the necrotic process prior to rupture of the cell membrane. Furthermore, CL-deficient HeLa cells were found to be resistant to KCN-induced necrosis as compared with the wild type cells. We suggest that KCN, an effective reversible inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase and thereby of the respiratory chain leads to ROS increase, which in turn oxidizes CL (amongst other membrane phospholipids) and leads to mitochondrial membrane lipid reorganization and loss of CL symmetry. Finally, the resistance of CL-deficient cells to necrosis further supports the notion that CL, which undergoes oxidation during necrotic cell death, is an integral part of the milieu of events taking place in mitochondria leading to membrane disorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tsesin
- Departments of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Boris Khalfin
- Departments of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilana Nathan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Hematology Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Abraham H Parola
- Departments of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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León-Gonzalez AJ, Acero N, Muñoz-Mingarro D, López-Lázaro M, Martín-Cordero C. Cytotoxic activity of hirsutanone, a diarylheptanoid isolated from Alnus glutinosa leaves. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:866-870. [PMID: 24581747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low efficacy of cancer therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced disease makes the development of new anticancer agents necessary. Because natural products are a significant source of anticancer drugs, it is important to explore cytotoxic activity of novel compounds from natural origin. PURPOSE The aim of this work is to evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of hirsutanone, a diarylheptanoid isolated from Alnus glutinosa leaves. Hirsutanone cytotoxic way of action was also studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytotoxic ability of Alnus glutinosa leaves ethyl acetate extract was studied over HeLa and PC-3 cell lines, with the MTT colorimetric assay. Hirsutanone was isolated from this extract using chromatographic methods, and its structure elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. HT-29 cell viability after hirsutanone treatment was determined using SRB assay. In order to understand hirsutanone way of action, cytotoxicity was evaluated adding the diarylheptanoid and antioxidants. DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) poison activity, was also evaluated using purified topo II and a supercoiled form of DNA that bears specific topo II recognition and binding region; topo II poisons stabilize normally transient DNA-topo II cleavage complexes, and lead an increased yield of linear form as a consequence of a lack of double-strand breaks rejoining. RESULTS The diarylheptanoid hirsutanone was isolated from Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (Betulaceae) leaves extract that showed cytotoxic activity against PC-3 and HeLa cell lines. Hirsutanone showed cytotoxic activity against HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Pre-treatment with the antioxidants NAC (N-acetylcysteine) and MnTMPyP (Mn(III)tetrakis-(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porthyrin) reduced this activity, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in hirsutanone-induced cancer cell death. Using human topo II and a DNA supercoiled form, hirsutanone was found to stabilize topo II-DNA cleavage complexes, acting as a topo II poison. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that, like curcumin, an induction of oxidative stress and topo II-mediated DNA damage may play a role in hirsutanone-induced cancer cell death. Since both compounds share similar structure and cytotoxic profile, and curcumin is in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, our results warrant further studies to evaluate the anticancer potential of hirsutanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J León-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sevilla University, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Acero
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Muñoz-Mingarro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - M López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sevilla University, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Martín-Cordero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sevilla University, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Piskarev IM, Ivanova IP, Trofimova SV, Ichetkina AA, Burkhina OE. Formation of peroxynitrite induced by spark plasma radiation. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143914030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cui ZG, Piao JL, Kondo T, Ogawa R, Tsuneyama K, Zhao QL, Feril LB, Inadera H. Molecular mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis enhanced by docosahexaenoic acid: Implication for cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 215:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chou TH, Chen CW, Liang CH, Yeh LH, Qian S. Simple synthesis, self-assembly, and cytotoxicity of novel dimeric cholesterol derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kheradmand A, Dezfoulian O, Alirezaei M, Hadian B. Ghrelin is a suppressor of testicular damage following experimentally induced cryptorchidism in the rat. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:593-8. [PMID: 24726120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism is associated with increased level of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. This study was undertaken to examine the possible ghrelin ability in attenuation of testicular damage in response to elevated temperature. METHODS Thirty male rats were subdivided into sham-operated, cryptorchidism-saline and cryptorchidism-ghrelin group. Bilateral cryptorchidism was induced in groups 2 and 3, surgically. The animals in group 3 were given ghrelin for 7 days and all testes were taken for biochemical and photomicrograph analysis. RESULTS Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione content significantly promoted on day 7 in the cryptorchid rats treated by ghrelin. Catalase activity was higher in the ghrelin-exposed animals than the cryptorchidism-saline group on both experimental days. Although superoxide dismutase activity was elevated by ghrelin treatment on both days, it did not differ significantly. By contrast, significant reduction was observed in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations following ghrelin administration on day 7. Moreover, ghrelin could improve histopathological scores of the testes, and diminished formation of giant cells and tubular vacuolization. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate for the first time the novel evidence of ghrelin antioxidant properties in attenuation of rat testicular injury following experimentally induced cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran.
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Masoud Alirezaei
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Babak Hadian
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran
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The Relationship between ALA16VAL Single Gene Polymorphism and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Adv Urol 2014; 2014:932481. [PMID: 24587799 PMCID: PMC3920972 DOI: 10.1155/2014/932481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of RCC and Ala16Val polymorphism in Turkish patients with RCC. Materials and Methods. A total of 41 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy in our clinic and 50 healthy volunteers living in the same geographic area were included in this study. DNA samples from serum of RCC patients and controls were genotyped for MnSOD polymorphism analysis. Genotype ratios and allele frequencies were compared between two groups and odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated statistically. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. There was a significant difference in the MnSOD genotype distributions between the RCC patients and the controls in terms of Ala/Ala+Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes (P = 0.039). The Ala/Ala+Ala/Val genotypes were found significantly suspicious for RCC with an OR of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.06–6.69, P = 0.039). In addition, Ala allele was found significantly suspicious for RCC with an OR of 2.26 (95% CI = 1.24–4.12, P = 0.009). Conclusion. Our study indicated that MnSOD Ala16Val polymorphism may be one of the many genetic factors for renal cancer susceptibility in Turkish patients.
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Scarano W, Lu H, Stenzel MH. Boronic acid ester with dopamine as a tool for bioconjugation and for visualization of cell apoptosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6390-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boronic esters between 1,2-benzodiols and boronic acids are an efficient way for bioconjugation. The ester is stable at physiological condition, but it cleaves very slowly at acidic pH values found in the endosomes and lysosomes. During apoptosis, the boronic ester is cleaved, most likely due to the influx of Ca2+ ions and the oxidation of 1,2-benzodiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Scarano
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney, Australia
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Bronner DN, O'Riordan MXD, He Y. Caspase-2 mediates a Brucella abortus RB51-induced hybrid cell death having features of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:83. [PMID: 24350060 PMCID: PMC3842122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) can play a crucial role in tuning the immune response to microbial infection. Although PCD can occur in different forms, all are mediated by a family of proteases called caspases. Caspase-2 is the most conserved caspase, however, its function in cell death is ill-defined. Previously we demonstrated that live attenuated cattle vaccine strain Brucella abortus RB51 induces caspase-2-mediated and caspase-1-independent PCD of infected macrophages. We also discovered that rough attenuated B. suis strain VTRS1 induces a caspase-2-mediated and caspase-1-independent proinflammatory cell death in infected macrophages, which was tentatively coined "caspase-2-mediated pyroptosis". However, the mechanism of caspase-2-mediated cell death pathway remained unclear. In this study, we found that caspase-2 mediated proinflammatory cell death of RB51-infected macrophages and regulated many genes in different PCD pathways. We show that the activation of proapoptotic caspases-3 and -8 was dependent upon caspase-2. Caspase-2 regulated mitochondrial cytochrome c release and TNFα production, both of which are known to activate caspase-3 and caspase-8, respectively. In addition to TNFα, RB51-induced caspase-1 and IL-1β production was also driven by caspase-2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, pore formation, a phenomenon commonly associated with caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, occurred; however, unlike its role in S. typhimurium-induced pyroptosis, pore formation did not contribute to RB51-induced proinflammatory cell death. Our data suggest that caspase-2 acts as an initiator caspase that mediates a novel RB51-induced hybrid cell death that simulates but differs from typical non-proinflammatory apoptosis and caspase-1-mediated proinflammatory pyroptosis. The initiator role of the caspase-2-mediated cell death was also conserved in cellular stress-induced cell death of macrophages treated with etoposide, naphthalene, or anti-Fas. Caspase-2 also regulated caspase-3 and -8 activation, as well as cell death in macrophages treated with each of the three reagents. Taken together, our data has demonstrated that caspase-2 can play an important role in mediating a proinflammatory response and a hybrid cell death that demonstrates features of both apoptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise N Bronner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary X D O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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England K, Cotter TG. Direct oxidative modifications of signalling proteins in mammalian cells and their effects on apoptosis. Redox Rep 2013; 10:237-45. [PMID: 16354412 DOI: 10.1179/135100005x70224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of ROS is an inevitable consequence of metabolism. However, high levels of ROS within a cell can be lethal and so the cell has a number of defences against oxidative cell stress. Occasionally the cell's antioxidant mechanisms fail and oxidative stress occurs. High levels of ROS within a cell have a number of direct and indirect consequences on cell signalling pathways and may result in apoptosis or necrosis. Although some of the indirect effects of ROS are well known, limitations in technology mean that the direct effects of the cell's redox environment upon proteins are less understood. Recent work by a number of groups has demonstrated that ROS can directly modify signalling proteins through different modifications, for example by nitrosylation, carbonylation, di-sulphide bond formation and glutathionylation. These modifications modulate a protein's activity and several recent papers have demonstrated their importance in cell signalling events, especially those involved in cell death/survival. Redox modification of proteins allows for further regulation of cell signalling pathways in response to the cellular environment. Understanding them may be critical for us to modulate cell pathways for our own means, such as in cytotoxic drug treatments of cancer cells. Protein modifications mediated by oxidative stress can modulate apoptosis, either through specific protein modifications resulting in regulation of signalling pathways, or through a general increase in oxidised proteins resulting in reduced cellular function. This review discusses direct oxidative protein modifications and their effects on apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K England
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Oraki Kohshour M, Najafi L, Heidari M, Ghaffari Sharaf M. Antiproliferative effect of H2O2 against human acute myelogenous leukemia KG1 cell line. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6:134-41. [PMID: 23787282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has clearly been established that oxidative stress leads to perturbation of various cellular processes resulting in either inhibition of cell proliferation or cell death. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required as signal molecules that regulate different physiological processes including survival or death. Free radicals, particularly ROS, have been proposed as general mediators for apoptosis and recent studies have established that the mode of cell death depends on the severity of the oxidative damage. In this study, we determined the effect of oxidative stress on cell proliferation and characterization of cell death in human KG1 cells treated with H2O2. Our results indicated that oxidative stress leads to a significant decrease in cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, our study suggests that antiproliferative and apoptotic cell death effects of H2O2 took place via activation of caspase-3, affecting the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax (an antiapoptotic and a proapoptotic factor, respectively), and through deactivation of catalase enzyme, leading to accumulation of intracellular ROS and depletion of intracellular ATP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Vera-Ramirez L, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Perez-Lopez P, Granados-Principal S, Battino M, Quiles JL. Long-term effects of systemic cancer treatment on DNA oxidative damage: The potential for targeted therapies. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lieven CJ, Thurber KA, Levin EJ, Levin LA. Ordering of neuronal apoptosis signaling: a superoxide burst precedes mitochondrial cytochrome c release in a growth factor deprivation model. Apoptosis 2012; 17:591-9. [PMID: 22411528 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Axonal injury to retinal ganglion cells, a defined central neuron, induces a burst of intracellular superoxide anion that precedes externalization of membrane phosphatidylserine and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Dismutation of superoxide prevents the signal and delays loss of these cells, consistent with superoxide being necessary for transduction of the axotomy signal. However, phosphatidylserine externalization is a relatively late step in apoptosis, and it is possible that the superoxide burst is not an early axotomy signal but rather a result of cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial inner membrane with consequent accumulation of reduced intermediates. Other possibilities are that both superoxide generation and cytochrome c release are induced in parallel by axotomy, or that cytochrome c release potentiates the effect of the superoxide burst. To distinguish these various possibilities, serum-deprived neuronal retinal cells were assayed in vitro for superoxide elevation and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the distribution of these two markers across a large number of cells used to model the temporal ordering of events. Based on this model of factor-dependent cell death, superoxide precedes, and possibly potentiates, cytochrome c release, and thus the former is likely an early signal for certain types of neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lieven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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38
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Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a radiolytic product of palmitic acid, in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:636-45. [PMID: 22311471 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of fat-containing food forms 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) from palmitic acid (PA). In this study, we investigated whether 2-DCB and PA induce apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. We found that cell viability decreased by 2-DCB and apoptosis was induced by 2-DCB and PA. 2-DCB and PA significantly enhanced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA was strongly prevented by an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L: -cysteine. The treatment with 2-DCB and PA resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and Fas, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD) significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA. Moreover, 2-DCB and PA also induced Bax up-regulation, the reduction in Bcl-2 expression level, Bid cleavage and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In addition, an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was observed after the treatment with 2-DCB and PA. Our results indicated that intracellular ROS generation, the modulation of the Fas-mitochondrion-caspase-dependent pathway and the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) involved in apoptosis are induced by 2-DCB and PA in U937 cells.
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Joshi N, Kaviratna A, Banerjee R. Multi trigger responsive, surface active lipid nanovesicle aerosols for improved efficacy of paclitaxel in lung cancer. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 5:239-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Joshi
- WRCBB, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Fax: +91-22 2572 3480; Tel: +91-22 2576 7868
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- WRCBB, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Fax: +91-22 2572 3480; Tel: +91-22 2576 7868
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- WRCBB, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Fax: +91-22 2572 3480; Tel: +91-22 2576 7868
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Kheradmand A, Dezfoulian O, Alirezaei M. Ghrelin regulates Bax and PCNA but not Bcl-2 expressions following scrotal hyperthermia in the rat. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:308-15. [PMID: 22658447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More recently, we have reported the beneficial effects of ghrelin in improvement of histopathological features of the rat testis following local heat exposure. However, the exact mechanism and the precise role of apoptosis- and proliferation-specific proteins in this regeneration process remained to be explored. Thus, thirty adult male Wistar rats were allotted for the experiment and subdivided equally into three groups: control-saline (CS), heat-saline (HS) and heat-ghrelin (HG). The scrota of HS and HG groups were immersed once in water bath at 43°C for 15 min. HG animals received 2 nmol of ghrelin subcutaneously immediately after heating every other day until day 60 and the other groups were given physiological saline using the same method. The testes of all groups were taken after rat killing on days 30 and 60 after heat treatment for immunocytochemical detection of pro-apoptotic factor Bax, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and proliferation-associated peptide PCNA in the germ cells. Ghrelin could significantly suppress the Bax expression in spermatocytes compared to the HS group at day 30 (P<0.05). Likewise, the mean percentages of spermatogonia containing Bax substance were lower in ghrelin-exposed animals, however the differences were not statistically significant. There were immunoreactive cells against Bcl-2 in each germ cell neither in the control nor in the heated animals of experimental groups. In contrast, the number of PCNA immunolabeling cells were higher in HG group in compared to HS or CS animals on both experimental days (P<0.001). Down-regulation of Bax expression concurrent with overexpression of PCNA in HG group indicates the ability of ghrelin in acceleration of testicular germ cells regeneration following heat stress. These findings indicate that ghrelin may be used as a novel and efficient antioxidant agent to induce resumption of spermatogenesis upon environmental heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorram Abad, Iran.
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41
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Direct Electron Transfer of Hemoglobin on Manganese III Oxide-Ag Nanofibers Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Int J Anal Chem 2012; 2012:375831. [PMID: 22550487 PMCID: PMC3328944 DOI: 10.1155/2012/375831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin by glassy carbon electrode modified with Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers. The Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers were used as facilitator electron transfer between Hb and glassy-carbon-modified electrode. The Mn2O3-Ag nanofibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hemoglobin showed a quasireversible electrochemical redox behavior with a formal potential of −49 mV (versus Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. The designed biosensor possesses good stability and reproducibility and achieves 95% of the steady-state current in less than five seconds.
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Aggarwal A, Misro MM, Maheshwari A, Sehgal N. Differential modulation of apoptotic gene expression by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Leydig cells stimulated persistently with hCG in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 348:155-64. [PMID: 21856376 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NAC (150 mg/kg bw twice/week) action in vivo under repeated hCG (100 IU/rat/day) stimulation to adult rats. Leydig cell refractoriness led to a significant decline in serum testosterone and intracellular cAMP by day 30 of chronic hCG intervention which improved significantly following NAC co-administration. It inhibited the rise in lipid peroxidation, improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes along with intracellular glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in the target cells. Leydig cell apoptosis declined significantly (P<0.001) with down-regulation of upstream, Fas, FasL, caspase-8, Bax and caspase-9, JNK/pJNK and downstream caspase-3 and PARP. On the other hand, anti-apoptotic Bcl2, NF-kβ, and Akt were up-regulated. Taken together, the above findings indicate that the specificity of NAC action was not restricted to regulating marker proteins in the extrinsic and JNK pathways as seen in vitro but extended to include intrinsic pathway of metazoan apoptosis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Aggarwal
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi 110067, India
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Joshi N, Shanmugam T, Kaviratna A, Banerjee R. Proapoptotic lipid nanovesicles: Synergism with paclitaxel in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. J Control Release 2011; 156:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma R, Chauhan P, Fulia A. Vitamin E: An Antioxidant Therapy to Protect Endosulphan Induced Follicular Toxicity. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.821.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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KUO JONGTAR, LIN ENSHYH, YANG CHINGTING. EFFECT OF CULTIVATING CONDITIONS ON THE SUPEROXIDE AND FREE RADICAL-SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF ANTRODIA CINNAMOMEA. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids enhance free radical generation and lipid peroxidation to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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Cui ZG, Ogawa R, Piao JL, Hamazaki K, Feril LB, Shimomura A, Kondo T, Inadera H. Molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1687-93. [PMID: 21787858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells. When U937 cells were treated with 50 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 12 h, significant apoptosis occurred. This was associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), sustained phosphorylation of JNK, activation of caspase-3, a decrease in Mcl-1 (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins), and increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid (a pro-apoptotic protein under the Bcl-2 family). No apoptosis occurred when the cells were treated with 1 μM CdCl2 for 72 h. However, pretreatment with low-dose CdCl2 dramatically altered the sensitivity of the cells to 50 μM CdCl2 with inhibition of apoptosis. Concomitantly, there were significant decreases in the generation of intracellular ROS and the activation of JNK. Pretreatment with 1 μM CdCl2 also attenuated the decrease in Mcl-1 and the increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid induced by 50 μM CdCl2. In conclusion, pretreatment with low-dose Cd inhibited apoptosis induced by high-dose Cd. The mechanism involves inhibition of intracellular ROS generation and JNK activation, and modulating the balance between the expression of Mcl-1 and its binding partners, Bim, Noxa and tBid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Singh K, Kaur R, Marar T. Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E on Chemotherapy Induced Side Effects in Rat Liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2011.481.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Bewley MA, Pham TK, Marriott HM, Noirel J, Chu HP, Ow SY, Ryazanov AG, Read RC, Whyte MKB, Chain B, Wright PC, Dockrell DH. Proteomic evaluation and validation of cathepsin D regulated proteins in macrophages exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.008193. [PMID: 21474794 PMCID: PMC3108842 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.008193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central effectors of innate immune responses to bacteria. We have investigated how activation of the abundant macrophage lysosomal protease, cathepsin D, regulates the macrophage proteome during killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Using the cathepsin D inhibitor pepstatin A, we demonstrate that cathepsin D differentially regulates multiple targets out of 679 proteins identified and quantified by eight-plex isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation. Our statistical analysis identified 18 differentially expressed proteins that passed all paired t-tests (α = 0.05). This dataset was enriched for proteins regulating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis or inhibiting competing death programs. Five proteins were selected for further analysis. Western blotting, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic manipulation of cathepsin D, verified cathepsin D-dependent regulation of these proteins, after exposure to S. pneumoniae. Superoxide dismutase-2 up-regulation was temporally related to increased reactive oxygen species generation. Gelsolin, a known regulator of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, was down-regulated in association with cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF2), a regulator of protein translation, was also down-regulated by cathepsin D. Using absence of the negative regulator of eEF2, eEF2 kinase, we confirm that eEF2 function is required to maintain expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, delaying macrophage apoptosis and confirm using a murine model that maintaining eEF2 function is associated with impaired macrophage apoptosis-associated killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. These findings demonstrate that cathepsin D regulates multiple proteins controlling the mitochondrial pathway of macrophage apoptosis or competing death processes, facilitating intracellular bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trong K. Pham
- §ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Josselin Noirel
- §ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hseuh-Ping Chu
- ‖Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
| | - Saw Y. Ow
- §ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexey G. Ryazanov
- ‖Department of Pharmacology University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert C. Read
- From the ‡Medical School
- ‡‡Sheffield Teaching Hospitals and
| | | | - Benny Chain
- ¶Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- §ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chen N, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhang B, Zheng Q. A Critical Role of Redox State in Determining HL-60 Cell Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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