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El Hajj J, Nguyen E, Liu Q, Bouyer C, Adriaenssens E, Hilal G, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. Telomerase regulation by the long non-coding RNA H19 in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:85. [PMID: 29703210 PMCID: PMC5923027 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since tumor growth requires reactivation of telomerase (hTERT), this enzyme is a challenging target for drug development. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify telomerase expression and activity regulators. Retinoids are well-known inducers of granulocytic maturation associated with hTERT repression in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts. In a maturation-resistant APL cell line, we have previously identified a new pathway of retinoid-induced hTERT transcriptional repression independent of differentiation. Furthermore, we reported the isolation of a cell variant resistant to this repression. Those cell lines could serve as unique tools to identify new telomerase regulators. Methods Using a microarray approach we identified the long non-coding RNA, H19 as a potential candidate playing a role in telomerase regulation. Expression of H19, hTERT, and hTR were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Telomerase activity was quantified by quantitative telomeric repeats amplification protocol (qTRAP). In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate H19 function on telomerase expression and activity. Results We showed both in retinoid-treated cell lines and in APL patient cells an inverse relationship between the expression of H19 and the expression and activity of hTERT. Exploring the mechanistic link between H19 and hTERT regulation, we showed that H19 is able to impede telomerase function by disruption of the hTERT-hTR interaction. Conclusions This study identifies a new way of telomerase regulation through H19’s involvement and thereby reveals a new function for this long non-coding RNA that can be targeted for therapeutic purpose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0835-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle El Hajj
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France.,Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eric Nguyen
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Bouyer
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Evelyne Ségal-Bendirdjian
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France. .,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France. .,Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France. .,INSERM UMR-S 1007, Paris-Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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Marášek P, Dzijak R, Studenyak I, Fišerová J, Uličná L, Novák P, Hozák P. Paxillin-dependent regulation of IGF2 and H19 gene cluster expression. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3106-16. [PMID: 26116569 PMCID: PMC4541046 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a focal adhesion protein that has been implicated in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. Recently, it has been shown to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. When inside the nucleus, paxillin promotes cell proliferation. Here, we introduce paxillin as a transcriptional regulator of IGF2 and H19 genes. It does not affect the allelic expression of the two genes; rather, it regulates long-range chromosomal interactions between the IGF2 or H19 promoter and a shared distal enhancer on an active allele. Specifically, paxillin stimulates the interaction between the enhancer and the IGF2 promoter, thus activating IGF2 gene transcription, whereas it restrains the interaction between the enhancer and the H19 promoter, downregulating the H19 gene. We found that paxillin interacts with cohesin and the mediator complex, which have been shown to mediate long-range chromosomal looping. We propose that these interactions occur at the IGF2 and H19 gene cluster and are involved in the formation of loops between the IGF2 and H19 promoters and the enhancer, and thus the expression of the corresponding genes. These observations contribute to a mechanistic explanation of the role of paxillin in proliferation and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marášek
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Studenyak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Fišerová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lívia Uličná
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
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Hajjari M, Khoshnevisan A, Shin YK. Molecular function and regulation of long non-coding RNAs: paradigms with potential roles in cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10645-63. [PMID: 25266799 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed within the genome. Although initially argued to be spurious transcriptional noise, these RNAs play important roles in biological pathways, as shown by different studies. Also, there are some reports about the role of lncRNAs in different cancers. They can contribute to the development and progression of cancer by the functioning as oncogene or/and tumor suppressor molecules. In this review, we point to some important lncRNAs as examples which seem to be involved in cancer initiation/progression.
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Berteaux N, Lottin S, Monté D, Pinte S, Quatannens B, Coll J, Hondermarck H, Curgy JJ, Dugimont T, Adriaenssens E. H19 mRNA-like noncoding RNA promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through positive control by E2F1. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:29625-36. [PMID: 15985428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504033200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The imprinted H19 gene has riboregulatory functions. We show here that H19 transcription is up-regulated during the S-phase of growth-stimulated cells and that the H19 promoter is activated by E2F1 in breast cancer cells. H19 repression by pRb and E2F6 confirms the E2F1-dependent control of the H19 promoter. Consistently, we demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that endogenous E2F1 is recruited to the H19 promoter in vivo. The functionality of E2F promoter sites was further confirmed by gel shift and mutagenesis experiments, revealing that these sites are required for binding and promoter response to E2F1 exogenous expression and serum stimulation. Furthermore, we show that H19 overexpression confers a growth advantage on breast cancer cells released from growth arrest as well as in asynchronously growing cells. The H19 knockdown by small interfering RNA duplexes impedes S-phase entry in both wild-type and stably H19-transfected cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that the H19 RNA is actively linked to E2F1 to promote cell cycle progression of breast cancer cells. This clearly supports the H19 oncogenic function in breast tumor genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Berteaux
- ERI-8 INSERM Signalisation des Facteurs de Croissance dans le Cancer du Sein, Protéomique Fonctionnelle, UPRES-EA 1033, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Yamamoto Y, Nishikawa Y, Tokairin T, Omori Y, Enomoto K. Increased expression of H19 non-coding mRNA follows hepatocyte proliferation in the rat and mouse. J Hepatol 2004; 40:808-14. [PMID: 15094229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS H19 is a paternally imprinted gene that is believed to function as non-coding mRNA. While H19 is only faintly expressed in the normal adult liver, it is abundantly expressed during the fetal period. We explored the possibility that H19 might participate in the regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. METHODS Adult male rats and mice were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy, and after various time periods, hepatocytes were isolated and analyzed for H19 gene expression. The expression was also examined in cultured rat hepatocytes. RESULTS The expression of H19 was dramatically increased after 2 days (rat) and 4 days (mouse), peaked at 3 days (rat) and 6 days (mouse), and then gradually declined. In both species, the increase in H19 gene expression was preceded by the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DNA synthesis. An allele-specific RT-PCR analysis in the mouse showed that the paternally imprinted status of the gene was maintained after a partial hepatectomy. H19 was strongly induced in spheroid cultures after transient hepatocyte proliferation, but not in conventional monolayer cultures, in which persistent proliferation occurred. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that H19 gene expression was dynamically regulated in adult hepatocytes in close association with their proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Ayesh B, Matouk I, Ohana P, Sughayer MA, Birman T, Ayesh S, Schneider T, de Groot N, Hochberg A. Inhibition of tumor growth by DT-A expressed under the control of IGF2 P3 and P4 promoter sequences. Mol Ther 2003; 7:535-41. [PMID: 12727117 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human IGF2 P3 and P4 promoters are highly active in a variety of human cancers. We here present an approach for patient oriented therapy of TCC bladder carcinoma by driving the diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) expression under the control of the IGF2 P3 and P4 promoter regulatory sequences. High levels of IGF2 mRNA expression from P3, P4 or both promoters were detected in 18 TCC samples (n = 29) by ISH or RT-PCR. Normal bladder samples (n = 4) showed no expression from either promoter. The activity and specificity of the IGF2 P3 and P4 regulatory sequences were established in human carcinoma cell lines by means of luciferase reporter gene assay. These sequences were used to design DT-A expressing, therapeutic vectors (P3-DT-A and P4-DT-A). The activity of both was determined in cell lines (in vitro) and the activity of P3-DT-A was determined in a heterotopic animal model (in vivo). The treated cell lines highly responded to the treatment in a dose-response manner, and the growth rate of the developed tumors in vivo was highly inhibited (70%) after intratumoraly injection with P3-DT-A compared to non-treated tumors (P < 0.0002) or tumors treated by luciferase gene expressing LucP3 vector (P < 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ayesh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Ohana P, Bibi O, Matouk I, Levy C, Birman T, Ariel I, Schneider T, Ayesh S, Giladi H, Laster M, de Groot N, Hochberg A. Use of H19 regulatory sequences for targeted gene therapy in cancer. Int J Cancer 2002; 98:645-50. [PMID: 11920631 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a tumor gene therapy approach based on the use of regulatory sequences of the H19 gene that are differentially expressed between normal and cancer cells. We constructed expression vectors carrying the gene for the A fragment of diphtheria toxin (DT-A) or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk), under the control of a 814 bp 5'-flanking region of the H19 gene. The cell killing activity of these constructs was in accordance with the relative activity of the H19 regulatory sequences in the transfected cells. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of the gene expression constructs driven by H19 regulatory sequences in an animal model of bladder cancer induced by subcutaneous injection of syngeneic bladder tumor cell lines. Intratumoral injection of these constructs caused a significant suppression of subcutaneous tumor growth, with no obvious toxicity toward the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ohana
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abdul-Ghani R, Ohana P, Matouk I, Ayesh S, Ayesh B, Laster M, Bibi O, Giladi H, Molnar-Kimber K, Sughayer MA, de Groot N, Hochberg A. Use of transcriptional regulatory sequences of telomerase (hTER and hTERT) for selective killing of cancer cells. Mol Ther 2000; 2:539-44. [PMID: 11124054 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase (hTER and hTERT) plays a crucial role in cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis. Telomerase activity can be detected in about 85% of different malignant tumors, but is absent in most normal cells. In situ hybridization analysis showed that high levels of hTER and hTERT expression are present in bladder cancer, while no signal was detected in normal tissue. Therefore, in this work we propose to use hTER and hTERT transcriptional regulatory sequences to control the expression of a cytotoxic gene in bladder tumor cells, resulting in the selective destruction of this cell population. Expression vectors containing the diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) gene were linked to hTER and hTERT transcriptional regulatory sequences, respectively. Inhibition of protein synthesis occurred in bladder and hepatocellular carcinoma cells transfected with the plasmids containing the DT-A gene under the control of the hTER or hTERT promoters in correlation with their activity. These studies support the feasibility of using hTER and hTERT transcriptional regulatory sequences for targeted patient-oriented gene therapy of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Jerusalem, Pennsylvania 91904, Israel
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Banet G, Bibi O, Matouk I, Ayesh S, Laster M, Kimber KM, Tykocinski M, de Groot N, Hochberg A, Ohana P. Characterization of human and mouse H19 regulatory sequences. Mol Biol Rep 2000; 27:157-65. [PMID: 11254105 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007139713781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
H19 is expressed in a large percentage of bladder tumors, but not expressed in healthy bladder tissue. The aim of this study is to define H19 optimal transcriptional regulatory sequences in tumor cells, which can potentially be used to control expression of a toxin gene in constructs to be used in bladder cancer gene therapy trials in mice and human. Transient expression assays revealed that elements responsible for promoter activity are contained within the 85 bp upstream region. The transcriptional activity of this region was strongly inhibited by the methylation of the Hpa II sites. A modest cell specificity is conferred by the upstream sequences. The human and murine promoter activities were significantly increased by the human H19 4.1 kb enhancer sequence. The 85 bp H19 upstream region contains all the elements to interact with the enhancer. We showed that the human H19 promoter is highly active in a murine bladder carcinoma cell line, justifying its use to drive the expression of a cytotoxin gene in gene therapy trials in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Banet
- University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Adriaenssens E, Lottin S, Dugimont T, Fauquette W, Coll J, Dupouy JP, Boilly B, Curgy JJ. Steroid hormones modulate H19 gene expression in both mammary gland and uterus. Oncogene 1999; 18:4460-73. [PMID: 10442637 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
H19 is an imprinted and developmentally regulated gene whose product remains apparently untranslated. In a previous study on breast adenocarcinomas, we reported that overexpression of the H19 gene was significantly correlated with the presence of steroid receptors, suggesting the putative role of hormones in H19 transcription. To determine the mode of steroid action, we have detected levels of H19 RNA synthesis during mammary gland development by in situ hybridization (ISH): two peaks of H19 transcription occur during puberty and pregnancy. Furthermore, we demonstrated by ISH that in the uterus H19 RNA synthesis is high during estrus and metestrus phases. To test steroid control of H19 transcription, ovariectomized and adrenalectomized mice were supplemented, 1 week after surgery, with 17-beta-estradiol (E2, 20 microg/kg/day), progesterone (P, 1 mg/kg/day) or corticosterone (B, 0.3 mg/ kg/day) for 2 weeks. According to ISH data, E2 and to a lesser extent B stimulated H19 transcription in the uterus, whereas P inhibited it. To confirm the in vivo results, in vitro experiments were performed using cultures of MCF-7 cells (a hormone-sensitive mammary cell line). E2 stimulated the endogenous H19 gene of this cell line and tamoxifen inhibited this effect. Furthermore, we performed transient cotransfections in MCF-7, in HBL-100 (another hormone-sensitive mammary cell line) and in BT-20 (a hormone-insensitive mammary cell line) with various constructs of ERalpha (WT or mutated) and PR-A, in presence or absence of steroid hormones. We demonstrated that ERalpha up-regulated the H19 promoter in MCF-7 and in HBL-100, whereas PR-A did not have any effect per se. Moreover, in MCF-7, PR-A antagonized clearly the ERalpha-mediated promoter enhancement, but in HBL-100 this counteracting effect on the ERalpha up-regulation was not found. Interestingly, the same experiments performed in BT-20 cell line provided very similar results as those obtained in MCF-7 cells, with a clear down-regulation mediated by PR-A on the H19 promoter. All these in vitro data are in agreement with in vivo results. In addition, data obtained with ERalpha mutants indicate that H19 promoter activation is both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent. We have thus demonstrated that H19 gene expression is controlled by steroid hormones; furthermore, this gene is highly expressed in hormone-sensitive organs when the hormonal stimulation is accompanied with a morphological repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adriaenssens
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Dévelppement, UPRES EA 1033, Lille, France
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Ohana P, Kopf E, Bibi O, Ayesh S, Schneider T, Laster M, Tykocinski M, de Groot N, Hochberg A. The expression of the H19 gene and its function in human bladder carcinoma cell lines. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:81-4. [PMID: 10413100 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human H19 gene is a paternally imprinted oncofetal gene, highly expressed in several fetal tissues, down-regulated in nearly all adult tissues but re-expressed in carcinomas of tissues which express the gene in fetal life. It has no known protein product and till today, no function could be designated to H19 RNA. Cells derived from bladder carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas were transfected with plasmids carrying a luciferase reporter gene under the control of a 800 nucleotides long promoter region of the H19 gene either alone or together with different parts of a 5 kb downstream region, previously shown to possess enhancer activity. Our results provide evidence that three regions of the 3' downstream sequence can independently stimulate the H19 promoter activity in a tissue and cell specific manner. The growth rate of two cell populations, both derived from the same bladder carcinoma cell line and which differ in their H19 RNA content, were compared. The cells with a high H19 RNA level stopped their proliferation after 48 h when cultivated in a low serum containing media while the cells lacking H19 RNA continued their proliferation for at least an additional 48 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ohana
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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