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Decloquement M, Venuto MT, Cogez V, Steinmetz A, Schulz C, Lion C, Noel M, Rigolot V, Teppa RE, Biot C, Rebl A, Galuska SP, Harduin-Lepers A. Salmonid polysialyltransferases to generate a variety of sialic acid polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15610. [PMID: 37730806 PMCID: PMC10511417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human polysialyltransferases ST8Sia II and ST8Sia IV catalyze the transfer of several Neu5Ac residues onto glycoproteins forming homopolymers with essential roles during different physiological processes. In salmonids, heterogeneous set of sialic acids polymers have been described in ovary and on eggs cell surface and three genes st8sia4, st8sia2-r1 and st8sia2-r2 were identified that could be implicated in these heteropolymers. The three polysialyltransferases from the salmonid Coregonus maraena were cloned, recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells and the ST8Sia IV was biochemically characterized. The MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay and the non-natural donor substrate CMP-SiaNAl were used to demonstrate enzyme activity and optimize polysialylation reactions. Polysialylation was also carried out with natural donor substrates CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc and CMP-Kdn in cell-free and cell-based assays and structural analyses of polysialylated products using the anti-polySia monoclonal antibody 735 and endoneuraminidase N and HPLC approaches. Our data highlighted distinct specificities of human and salmonid polysialyltransferases with notable differences in donor substrates use and the capacity of fish enzymes to generate heteropolymers. This study further suggested an evolution of the biological functions of polySia. C. maraena ST8Sia IV of particular interest to modify glycoproteins with a variety of polySia chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Decloquement
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marzia Tindara Venuto
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anna Steinmetz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Lion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Maxence Noel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Rigolot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Roxana Elin Teppa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology FBN, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Faculté des sciences et Technologies, Univ. Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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2
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Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias), a group of over 50 structurally distinct acidic saccharides on the surface of all vertebrate cells, are neuraminic acid derivatives. They serve as glycan chain terminators in extracellular glycolipids and glycoproteins. In particular, Sias have significant implications in cell-to-cell as well as host-to-pathogen interactions and participate in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration, fertilization, and tumor migration. However, Sia is also present in some of our daily diets, particularly in conjugated form (sialoglycans), such as those in edible bird's nest, red meats, breast milk, bovine milk, and eggs. Among them, breast milk, especially colostrum, contains a high concentration of sialylated oligosaccharides. Numerous reviews have concentrated on the physiological function of Sia as a cellular component of the body and its relationship with the occurrence of diseases. However, the consumption of Sias through dietary sources exerts significant influence on human health, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota's composition and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the distribution, structure, and biological function of particular Sia-rich diets, including human milk, bovine milk, red meat, and egg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Fliniaux I, Marchand G, Molinaro C, Decloquement M, Martoriati A, Marin M, Bodart JF, Harduin-Lepers A, Cailliau K. Diversity of sialic acids and sialoglycoproteins in gametes and at fertilization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982931. [PMID: 36340022 PMCID: PMC9630641 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of 9-carbon monosaccharides with particular physicochemical properties. They modulate the biological functions of the molecules that carry them and are involved in several steps of the reproductive process. Sialoglycoproteins participate in the balance between species recognition and specificity, and the mechanisms of these aspects remain an issue in gametes formation and binding in metazoan reproduction. Sialoglycoproteins form a specific coat at the gametes surface and specific polysialylated chains are present on marine species oocytes. Spermatozoa are submitted to critical sialic acid changes in the female reproductive tract facilitating their migration, their survival through the modulation of the female innate immune response, and the final oocyte-binding event. To decipher the role of sialic acids in gametes and at fertilization, the dynamical changes of enzymes involved in their synthesis and removal have to be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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4
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Toustou C, Walet-Balieu ML, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Houdou M, Lerouge P, Foulquier F, Bardor M. Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N-glycan structures in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:732-748. [PMID: 34873817 PMCID: PMC9300197 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Toustou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marine Houdou
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France.,Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France.,Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
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Horiuchi R, Ozawa M, Tomii T, Kashiwada S, Miyanishi N. Structural analysis of N-glycans in medaka gut exposed to silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58799-58806. [PMID: 34120284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are in general use in a broad range of industries. However, there are concerns that their intense use leads to heavy damage to the aquatic environment, and their discharge harms many aquatic organisms. N-Glycans are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms and are intimately involved in most life phenomena. However, little is known about N-glycans in aquatic organisms exposed to nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated how nanomaterials affect N-glycans in the gut of adult female medaka. We found that silver nanoparticles exposure had little effect on gut N-glycans, whereas titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) exposure increased the relative levels of several N-glycans in comparison with control. Structural analysis showed high levels of N-glycans of the high-mannose type, of which five N-glycans were free N-glycans with one β-N-acetylglucosamine residue on the reducing end. The levels of free N-glycans are closely related to protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol. Our results suggest that TiO2NPs exposure increases the levels of misfolded glycoproteins, resulting in generation of considerable amounts of free N-glycans. Our findings also suggest that TiO2NPs exposure suppresses cytosolic α-mannosidase trimming. This study provides new evidence for the effect of TiO2NPs on medaka gut from the aspect of environmental glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Horiuchi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Mika Ozawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Tomii
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Miyanishi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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6
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Toward robust N-glycomics of various tissue samples that may contain glycans with unknown or unexpected structures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6334. [PMID: 33737529 PMCID: PMC7973440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans in tissues are structurally diverse and usually include a large number of isomers that cannot be easily distinguished by mass spectrometry (MS). To address this issue, we developed a combined method that can efficiently separate and identify glycan isomers. First, we separated 2-aminopyridine (PA)-derivatized N-glycans from chicken colon by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) and directly analyzed them by electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and MS/MS to obtain an overview of the structural features of tissue glycans. Next, we deduced the structures of isomers based on their elution positions, full MS, and MS/MS data, before or after digestions with several exoglycosidases. In this method, the elution position differed greatly depending on the core structure and branching pattern, allowing multiantennary N-glycan structures to be easily distinguished. To further determine linkages of branch sequences, we modified PA-N-glycans with sialic acid linkage-specific alkylamidation and/or permethylation, and analyzed the products by LC–MS and multistage MS. We determined the relative abundances of core structures, branching patterns, and branch sequences of N-glycans from chicken colon, and confirmed presence of characteristic branch sequences such as Lex, sialyl Lex, sulfated LacNAc, LacNAc repeat, and LacdiNAc. The results demonstrated that our method is useful for comparing N-glycomes among various tissue samples.
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7
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Characterization of O-acetylation in sialoglycans by MALDI-MS using a combination of methylamidation and permethylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46206. [PMID: 28387371 PMCID: PMC5384204 DOI: 10.1038/srep46206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Acetylation of sialic acid in protein N-glycans is an important modification and can occur at either 4-, 7-, 8- or 9-position in various combinations. This modification is usually labile under alkaline reaction conditions. Consequently, a permethylation-based analytical method, which has been widely used in glycomics studies, is not suitable for profiling O-acetylation of sialic acids due to the harsh reaction conditions. Alternatively, methylamidation can be used for N-glycan analysis without affecting the base-labile modification of sialic acid. In this report, we applied both permethylation and methylamidation approaches to the analysis of O-acetylation in sialic acids. It has been demonstrated that methylamidation not only stabilizes sialic acids during MALDI processing but also allow for characterization of their O-acetylation pattern. In addition, LC-MS/MS experiments were carried out to distinguish between the O-acetylated glycans with potential isomeric structures. The repeatability of methylamidation was examined to evaluate the applicability of the approach to profiling of O-acetylation in sialic acids. In conclusion, the combination of methylamidation and permethylation methodology is a powerful MALDI-TOF MS-based tool for profiling O-acetylation in sialic acids applicable to screening of N-glycans.
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8
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Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus prevents osteoporosis by suppressing the activation of osteoclastogenesis related NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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9
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Jin C, Padra JT, Sundell K, Sundh H, Karlsson NG, Lindén SK. Atlantic Salmon Carries a Range of Novel O-Glycan Structures Differentially Localized on Skin and Intestinal Mucins. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3239-51. [PMID: 26066491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a growing industry, increasing the need for understanding host-pathogen interactions in fish. The skin and mucosal surfaces, covered by a mucus layer composed of mucins, is the first point of contact between fish and pathogens. Highly O-glycosylated mucins have been shown to be an important part of the defense against pathogens, and pathogens bind to host surfaces using lectin-like adhesins. However, knowledge of piscine O-glycosylation is very limited. We characterized mucin O-glycosylation of five freshwater acclimated Atlantic salmon, using mass spectrometry. Of the 109 O-glycans found, most were sialylated and differed in distribution among skin, pyloric ceca, and proximal and distal intestine. Skin O-glycans were shorter (2-6 residues) and less diverse (33 structures) than intestinal O-glycans (2-13 residues, 93 structures). Skin mucins carried O-glycan cores 1, 2, 3, and 5 and three types of sialic acids (Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, and Kdn) and had sialyl-Tn as the predominant structure. Intestinal mucins carried only cores 1, 2, and 5, Neu5Ac was the only sialic acid present, and sialylated core 5 was the most dominant structure. This structural characterization can be used for identifying structures of putative importance in host-pathogen interactions for further testing in biological assays and disease intervention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - János Tamás Padra
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundell
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Sara K Lindén
- †Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, ‡Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
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Anti-osteoporotic activity of sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus by promoting osteogenesis and increasing OPG/RANKL ratio. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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Three-dimensional representations of complex carbohydrates and polysaccharides--SweetUnityMol: A video game-based computer graphic software. Glycobiology 2014; 25:483-91. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Uchinashi Y, Tanaka K, Manabe Y, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K. Practical and Efficient Method for α-Sialylation with an Azide Sialyl Donor Using a Microreactor. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.880116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Taguchi T, Taniguchi N. A method for determination of UDP-GlcNAc: GlcNAcβ1-6(GlcNAcβ1-2)Manα1-R [GlcNAc to Man] β1-4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI activity. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:299-305. [PMID: 23765670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To characterize and purify glycosyltransferases, it is essential to establish a simple and sensitive assay method. Here, we describe a method for determination of the activity of GnT VI (UDP-GlcNAc: GlcNAcβ1-6(GlcNAcβ1-2)Manα1-R [GlcNAc to Man] β1-4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI) using a fluorescently labeled oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Taguchi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Suzuki N, Nawa D, Tateno H, Yasuda T, Oda S, Mitani H, Nishimaki T, Katsumura T, Oota H, Hanihara T, Oga A, Hirabayashi J, Yamamoto K. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against the Gal 1-4Gal epitope: A key tool in studies of species-specific glycans expressed in fish, amphibians and birds. Glycobiology 2012; 23:91-105. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Hreggvidsson GO, Dobruchowska JM, Fridjonsson OH, Jonsson JO, Gerwig GJ, Aevarsson A, Kristjansson JK, Curti D, Redgwell RJ, Hansen CE, Kamerling JP, Debeche-Boukhit T, Suzuki N, Nawa D, Yamamoto K, Ju T, Xia B, Aryal RP, Wang W, Wang Y, Ding X, Mi R, He M, Cummings RD. Errata. Glycobiology 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Suzuki N, Nawa D, Yamamoto K. Distinct expression profiles of UDP-galactose: β-D-galactoside α1,4-galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose: β-D-galactoside β1,4-galactosyltransferase in pigeon, ostrich and chicken. Glycobiology 2010; 21:283-94. [PMID: 20959391 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified two novel enzymes in pigeon, α1,4- and β1,4-galactosyltransferases (GalTs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the Galα1-4Gal and Galβ1-4Gal sequences on glycoproteins, respectively. No such glycan structures and/or enzymes have been found in mammals, suggesting that the expression of these enzymes diverged during the course of vertebrate evolution. To compare their expression profiles among avian species, we first established a method for detecting the activities of these two GalTs based on the two-dimensional high pressure liquid chromatography mapping technique, using 2-aminopyridine-derivatized asialo-biantennary N-glycans as an acceptor substrate. When we analyzed the activities of GalTs in pigeon liver extracts in the presence of UDP-Gal, 13 different products containing Galα1-4Galβ1-4GlcNAc, Galβ1-4Galβ1-4GlcNAc and/or Galα1-4Galβ1-4Galβ1-4GlcNAc branches were identified. The newly formed glycosidic linkages of the enzymatic products were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and methylation analysis, as well as by galactosidase digestions. The activities of both α1,4- and β1,4-GalTs were detected in various tissues in pigeon, although their relative activities were different in each tissue. In contrast, ostrich expressed β1,4-GalT, but not α1,4-GalT, in all tissues analyzed, whereas neither α1,4- nor β1,4-GalT activity was detected in chicken. These results indicate that α1,4- and β1,4-GalTs are expressed in a species-specific manner and are distributed throughout the entire body of pigeon or ostrich when the enzymes are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
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17
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Suzuki N, Yamamoto K. Molecular cloning of pigeon UDP-galactose:beta-D-galactoside alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose:beta-D-galactoside beta1,4-galactosyltransferase, two novel enzymes catalyzing the formation of Gal alpha1-4Gal beta1-4Gal beta1-4GlcNAc sequence. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:5178-87. [PMID: 19959475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.018663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that pigeon IgG possesses unique N-glycan structures that contain the Gal alpha1-4Gal beta1-4Gal beta1-4GlcNAc sequence at their nonreducing termini. This sequence is most likely produced by putative alpha1,4- and beta1,4-galactosyltransferases (GalTs), which are responsible for the biosynthesis of the Gal alpha1-4Gal and Gal beta1-4Gal sequences on the N-glycans, respectively. Because no such glycan structures have been found in mammalian glycoproteins, the biosynthetic enzymes that produce these glycans are likely to have distinct substrate specificities from the known mammalian GalTs. To study these enzymes, we cloned the pigeon liver cDNAs encoding alpha4GalT and beta4GalT by expression cloning and characterized these enzymes using the recombinant proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of pigeon alpha4GalT has 58.2% identity to human alpha4GalT and 68.0 and 66.6% identity to putative alpha4GalTs from chicken and zebra finch, respectively. Unlike human and putative chicken alpha4GalTs, which possess globotriosylceramide synthase activity, pigeon alpha4GalT preferred to catalyze formation of the Gal alpha1-4Gal sequence on glycoproteins. In contrast, the sequence of pigeon beta4GalT revealed a type II transmembrane protein consisting of 438 amino acid residues, with no significant homology to the glycosyltransferases so far identified from mammals and chicken. However, hypothetical proteins from zebra finch (78.8% identity), frogs (58.9-60.4%), zebrafish (37.1-43.0%), and spotted green pufferfish (43.3%) were similar to pigeon beta4GalT, suggesting that the pigeon beta4GalT gene was inherited from the common ancestors of these vertebrates. The sequence analysis revealed that pigeon beta4GalT and its homologs form a new family of glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
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18
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Chen X, Flynn GC. Gas-phase oligosaccharide nonreducing end (GONE) sequencing and structural analysis by reversed phase HPLC/mass spectrometry with polarity switching. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1821-1833. [PMID: 19631557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a technique to obtain all the N-linked oligosaccharide structures from a single reversed-phase (RP) HPLC run using on-line tandem MS in both positive and negative ion modes with polarity switching. Oligosaccharides labeled with 2-aminobenzamide (2AB) were used because they generated good ionization efficiency in both ion polarities. In the positive ion mode, protonated oligosaccharide ions lose sugar residues sequentially from the nonreducing end with each round of MS fragmentation, revealing the oligosaccharide sequence from greatly simplified tandem MS spectra. In the negative ion mode, diagnostic ions, including those from cross-ring cleavages, are readily observed in the MS2 spectra of deprotonated oligosaccharide ions, providing detailed structural information, such as branch composition and linkage positions. Both positive and negative ion modes can be programmed into the same LC/MS experiment through polarity switching of the MS instrument. The gas-phase oligosaccharide nonreducing end (GONE) sequencing data, in combination with the diagnostic ions generated in negative ion tandem MS, allow both sequence and structural information to be obtained for all eluting species during a single RP-HPLC chromatographic run. This technique generates oligosaccharide analyses at high speed and sensitivity, and reveals structural features that can be difficult to obtain by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Process and Product Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
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19
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Yuan Chuan L. Tracing the development of Structural Elucidation of N-glycans. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Adachi T, Sato C, Kishi Y, Totani K, Murata T, Usui T, Kitajima K. Membrane microdomains from early gastrula embryos of medaka, Oryzias latipes, are a platform of E-cadherin- and carbohydrate-mediated cell-cell interactions during epiboly. Glycoconj J 2008; 26:285-99. [PMID: 18766437 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Formation of membrane microdomain is critical for cell migration (epiboly) during gastrulation of medaka fish [Adachi et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 358:848-853, 2007)]. In this study, we characterized membrane microdomain from gastrula embryos to understand its roles in epiboly. A cell adhesion molecule (E-cadherin), its associated protein (beta-catenin), transducer proteins (PLCgamma, cSrc), and a cytoskeleton protein (beta-actin) were enriched in the membrane microdomain. Le(X)-containing glycolipids and glycoproteins (Le(X)-gp) were exclusively enriched in the membrane microdomain. Interestingly, the isolated membrane microdomain had the ability to bind to each other in the presence of Ca(2+). This membrane microdomain binding was achieved through the E-cadherin homophilic and the Le(X)-glycan-mediated interactions. E-cadherin and Le(X)-gp were co-localized on the same membrane microdomain, suggesting that these two interactions are operative at the same time. Thus, the membrane microdomain functions as a platform of the E-cadherin- and Le(X)-glycan-mediated cell adhesion and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Adachi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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21
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Yu SY, Wu SW, Khoo KH. Distinctive characteristics of MALDI-Q/TOF and TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry for sequencing of permethylated complex type N-glycans. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:355-69. [PMID: 16897178 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-8492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Concerted MALDI-MS profiling and CID MS/MS sequencing of permethylated glycans is one of the most effective approaches for high throughput glycomics applications. In essence, the identification of larger complex type N-glycans necessitates an unambiguous definition of any modification on the trimannosyl core and the complement of non-reducing terminal sequences which constitute the respective antennary structures. Permethylation not only affords analyses of both neutral and sialylated glycans at comparable ease and sensitivity but also yields more sequence-informative fragmentation pattern. Facile glycosidic cleavages directed mostly at N-acetylglucosamine under low energy CID, as implemented on a quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q/TOF) instrument, often afford multiple losses of the attached antenna resulting in characteristic ions related to the number of antennary branches on the trimannosyl core. Non-reducing terminal epitopes can be easily deduced but information on the linkage specific substituent on the terminal units is often missing. The high energy CID MS/MS afforded by TOF/TOF instrument can fill in the gap by giving an array of additional cross-ring and satellite ions. Glycosidic cleavages occurring specifically in concert with loss of 2-linked or 3-linked substituents provide an effective way to identify the branch-specific antennary extension. These characteristics are shown here to be effective in deriving the sequences of additionally galactosylated, sialylated and fucosylated terminal N-acetyllactosamine units and their antennary location. Together, a highly reproducible fragmentation pattern can be formulated to simplify spectral assignment. This work also provides first real examples of sequencing multiply sialylated complex type N-glycans by high energy CID on a TOF/TOF instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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22
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Suzuki N, Laskowski M, Lee YC. Tracing the history of Galalpha1-4Gal on glycoproteins in modern birds. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1760:538-46. [PMID: 16290275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Galalpha1-4Gal is typically found in mammalian glycolipids in small quantities, and recognized by some pathogens, such as uropathogenic Escherichia coli. In contrast, glycoproteins containing Galalpha1-4Gal were rarely found in vertebrates except in a few species of birds and amphibians until recently. However, we had previously reported that pigeon (Columba livia) egg white and serum glycoproteins are rich in N-glycans with Galalpha1-4Gal at non-reducing termini. Our investigation with egg white glycoproteins from 181 avian species also revealed that the distribution of (Galalpha1-4Gal)-containing glycoproteins was not rare among avians, and is correlated with the phylogeny of birds. The differentiated expression was most likely emerged at earlier stage of diversification of modern birds, but some birds might have lost the facility for the expression relatively recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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23
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Suzuki N, Khoo KH, Chen CM, Chen HC, Lee YC. N-glycan structures of pigeon IgG: a major serum glycoprotein containing Galalpha1-4 Gal termini.. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:46293-306. [PMID: 12966096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307132200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We had shown previously that all major glycoproteins of pigeon egg white contain Galalpha1-4Gal epitopes (Suzuki, N., Khoo, K. H., Chen, H. C., Johnson, J. R., and Lee, Y. C. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 23221-23229). We now report that Galalpha1-4Gal-bearing glycoproteins are also present in pigeon serum, lymphocytes, and liver, as probed by Western blot with Griffonia simplicifolia-I lectin (specific for terminal alpha-Gal) and anti-P1 (specific for Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-) monoclonal antibody. One of the major glycoproteins from pigeon plasma was identified as IgG (also known as IgY), which has Galalpha1-4Gal in its heavy chains. High pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometric (MS), and MS/MS analyses revealed that N-glycans of pigeon serum IgG included (i) high mannose-type (33.3%), (ii) disialylated biantennary complex-type (19.2%), and (iii) alpha-galactosylated complex-type N-glycans (47.5%). Bi- and tri-antennary oligosaccharides with bisecting GlcNAc and alpha1-6 Fuc on the Asn-linked GlcNAc were abundant among N-glycans possessing terminal Galalpha1-4Gal sequences. Moreover, MS/MS analysis identified Galalpha1-4Galbeta1-4Galbeta1-4GlcNAc branch terminals, which are not found in pigeon egg white glycoproteins. An additional interesting aspect is that about two-thirds of high mannose-type N-glycans from pigeon IgG were monoglucosylated. Comparison of the N-glycan structures with chicken and quail IgG indicated that the presence of high mannose-type oligosaccharides may be a characteristic of these avian IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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24
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Sugars, Polysaccharides, and Glycoproteins. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Morrison CJ, Easton RL, Morris HR, McMaster WR, Piret JM, Dell A. Modification of a recombinant GPI-anchored metalloproteinase for secretion alters the protein glycosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 68:407-21. [PMID: 10745209 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000520)68:4<407::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The N-linked glycans of recombinant leishmanolysin (GP63) expressed as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein or modified for secretion in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were analyzed by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). The glycans isolated from both membrane and secreted protein were predominantly complex biantennary structures. However other aspects of the glycan profiles showed striking differences. The degree of sialylation of the membrane form was greatly reduced and the core fucosylation of biantennary structures was increased compared to the secreted form. Glycans isolated from membrane expressed protein also contained a higher proportion of lactosamine repeats. Residence times in the secretory pathway were similar for both secreted and membrane protein. Glycosylation differences may therefore be due to differences in protein conformation and accessibility to glycosyltransferases or glycosidases. These differences in glycosylation represent an important factor when considering modifying membrane expressed proteins for secreted production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Morrison
- Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Seko A, Kitajima K, Iwamatsu T, Inoue Y, Inoue S. Identification of two discrete peptide: N-glycanases in Oryzias latipes during embryogenesis. Glycobiology 1999; 9:887-95. [PMID: 10460830 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/9.9.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different types of peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) were identified in developing embryos of medaka fish ( Oryzias latipes ). Because the optimum pH values for their activities were acidic and neutral, they were designated as acid PNGase M and neutral PNGase M, respectively. The acid PNGase M corresponded to the enzyme that had been partially purified from medaka embryos (Seko,A., Kitajima,K., Inoue,Y. and Inoue,S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem., 266, 22110-22114). The apparent molecular weight of this enzyme was 150 K, and the optimal pH was 3.5-4.0, and the K m for L-hyosophorin was 44 microM. L-Hyosophorin is a cortical alveolus-derived glycononapeptide with a large N-linked glycan chain present in the perivitelline space of the developing embryo. Acid PNGase M was competitively inhibited by a free de-N-glycosylated nonapeptide derived from L-hyosophorin. This enzyme was expressed in ovaries and embryos at all developmental stages after gastrulation, but activity was not detected in embryos at developmental stages between fertilization and gastrula. Several independent lines of evidence suggested that acid PNGase M may be responsible for the unusual accumulation of free N-glycans derived from yolk glycoproteins (Iwasaki,M., Seko,A., Kitajima,K., Inoue,Y. and Inoue,S. (1992) J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24287-24296). In contrast, the neutral PNGase M was expressed in blastoderms from the 4-8 cell stage and in cells up to early gastrula. The general significance of these findings is that they show a developmental stage-dependent expression of the two PNGase activities, and that expression of the neutral PNGase M activity occurs concomitantly with the de-N-glycosylation of L-hyosophorin. These data thus support our conclusion that the neutral PNGase M is responsible for the developmental-stage-related de-N-glycosylation of the L-hyosophorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seko
- Department of Biochemistry, Sasaki Institute, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Carp hyosophorin (HSP) is purified from oocytes. It is a highly glycosylated protein (10% protein and 90% carbohydrate) of high molecular weight (>100 kDa) and is localized in the cortical granules of oocytes. During cortical reaction carp HSP is exocytosed into the perivitelline space and is rapidly cleaved to the low-molecular-weight forms of 20 to 30 kDa. The major part of carp HSP cDNA is composed of tandem repeats, the repetitive domain. A repeat is 36 base pairs (bp) in length, which encodes 12 amino acid residues. The sequences of repeats vary within a given cDNA and among different cDNAs. The predominant sequences of repeats are DDGSGSNATTTQ. In addition, the length of the repetitive domain is highly variable among different genes and cDNAs, and ranges from 170 to 1,010 bp. Transcription of carp HSP is restricted in oocytes and starts very early during oogenesis. Carp HSP is highly species-specific. The RNA of goldfish ovary shows no positive signals when probed by carp HSP cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Tsao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Engelsen SB, Cros S, Mackie W, Pérez S. A molecular builder for carbohydrates: Application to polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates. Biopolymers 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199609)39:3<417::aid-bip13>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Taguchi T, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Inoue Y, Yang JM, Schachter H, Brockhausen I. Activity of UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc beta 1-->6(GlcNAc beta 1-->2) Man alpha 1-->R[GlcNAc to Man] beta 1-->4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI (GnT VI) from the ovaries of Oryzias latipes (Medaka fish). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 230:533-6. [PMID: 9015356 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UDP-GlcNAc:GlcNAc beta 1-->(GlcNAc beta 1-->2)Man alpha 1-R[GlcNAc to Man] beta 1-->4N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase VI (GnT VI) activity was shown to be present in crude homogenates of Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) ovaries using UDP-[14C]GlcNAc and synthetic GlcNAc beta 1-->6 (GlcNAc beta 1-->2)Man alpha 1-->6Glc beta 1-->octyl as substrates. Characterization of this activity showed a pH optimum at about pH 7.0 and an absolute requirement for divalent cations. The optimum concentration of Mn2+ was at about 25 mM. This finding is the first report on GnT VI activity in fish; the enzyme has previously been described only in avian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Fish glycoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
A new procedure (POLYS) for producing three-dimensional structures of polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates is described. This employs a builder concept combining a database of monosaccharide structures with a database containing information on populations of independent neighboring glycosidic linkages in disaccharide fragments. The computer program is written in C, and it can cope with both the complexity and the diversity of carbohydrates and the unique topological features arising from multiple branching. A simple ASCII syntax was developed for describing the primary structures in accordance with IUPAC nomenclature. The translation of the primary structure is made through the combined use of a lexical analyzer and a command interpreter. In this way the program can be considered as a compiler of primary structures of carbohydrates. However, it also generates secondary and tertiary structures in the form of Cartesian coordinates in formats used by most molecular mechanics programs and packages. In our laboratory POLYS was exhaustively tested on standard homopolysaccharide systems such as cellulose and mannan and found to work very well. We now report the ease of use and the efficiency of the molecular builder in applications to more complex carbohydrate systems. These include the structural exploration of a pentaantennary oligosaccharide having 135 residues, the complex family of pectic polysaccharides including the organization and distribution of side chains (arabinan, arabinogalactan, and galactan) on the rhamnogalacturonan backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Engelsen
- Ingénierie Moléculaire Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
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33
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Taguchi T, Iwasaki M, Muto Y, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Khoo KH, Morris HR, Dell A, Inoue Y. Occurrence and structural analysis of highly sulfated multiantennary N-linked glycan chains derived from a fertilization-associated carbohydrate-rich glycoprotein in unfertilized eggs of Tribolodon hakonensis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 238:357-67. [PMID: 8681946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0357z.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first detailed investigation of the nature of highly sulfated (keratan-sulfate-like) complex-type asparagine-linked glycans having a tetraantennary core structure and shows the effectiveness of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometric (FAB-MS) methods incorporating derivatization and mild methanolysis for analyzing such complex types of sulfated glycans. The structure of the N-glycan chains was unambiguously established by a combination of compositional analysis, methylation analysis, mild methanolysis for desulfation, hydrazinolysis/nitrous acid deamination, enzymatic (endo-beta-galactosidase and peptide:N-glycosidase F) digestions, and instrumental analyses (1H-NMR spectroscopy and FAB-MS) which revealed the novel repeating sulfated carbohydrate sequences, +/- Gal beta 1-->4Gal beta 1[-->(HSO3-->6)GlcNAc beta 1-->3(+/- Gal beta 1-->4)Gal beta 1]n--> (see Structure I; p + q + r + s approximately 14). This sequence is unique in: (a) the skeletal structure is similar to that of keratan sulfate but is completely devoid of 6-O-sulfated Gal residues and (b) the presence of branched Gal residues in the sequence -->4GlcNAc beta 1-->3(Gal beta 1-->4)Gal beta 1-->. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Abstract
Electrospray ionization, a natural interface with microbore and capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography, has become the method of choice for the reliable structural characterization of protein glycosylation by mass spectrometry at the picomole level. Its advantages include inherent sensitivity in the femtomole range, compatibility with collisional activation methods that both permit the detection and monitoring of structurally specific ions and enable the induction of glycopeptide fragmentation that facilitates determination of glycoform sequence and branching. Developments in high-performance electrospray mass spectrometry include sample introduction at nanoliter flow rates, tandem magnetic sector/orthogonal time-of-flight instruments, Fourier transform instruments, and new ion optical strategies, including ion traps. Although a sensitive and important complementary technique, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry suffers from matrix-dependent deposition of excess internal energies, which produce extensive metastable fragmentation and (photo)adduct formation. These metastable fragments may be focused into a mass spectrum by employing an ion mirror (reflectron) in time-of-flight instrumentation. In favorable cases, structural information may be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446, USA
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35
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James DC. Analysis of recombinat glycoproteins by mass spectrometry. Cytotechnology 1996; 22:17-24. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00353920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Taguchi T, Kitajima K, Niimi T, Muto Y, Yokoyama S, Inoue S, Inoue Y. Complete assignments of 13C NMR resonances to all the carbon atoms of the trimannosido-di-N-acetylchitobiosyl structure in a pentaantennary decasaccharide glycopeptide. Carbohydr Res 1995; 275:185-91. [PMID: 7585720 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00144-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Suzuki T, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Inoue Y. N-glycosylation/deglycosylation as a mechanism for the post-translational modification/remodification of proteins. Glycoconj J 1995; 12:183-93. [PMID: 7496130 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Taguchi T, Kitajima K, Muto Y, Yokoyama S, Inoue S, Inoue Y. Proton NMR study of the trimannosyl unit in a pentaantennary N-linked decasaccharide structure. Complete assignment of the proton resonances and conformational characterization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 228:822-9. [PMID: 7737182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical shifts of all the ring protons of the three Man residues in a pentaantennary glycan chain have been unambiguously assigned by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopic methods. The study, using chemical shift and J values on the conformation of the trimannosyl unit, revealed that the rotamer about the C5-C6 bond of the alpha 1-->6 linkage in the sequence of Man alpha 1-->6Man beta 1--> is predominantly confined to a gauche-gauche rotamer (omega = 180 degrees, omega = O6-C6-C5-H5) and not to a gauche-trans rotamer (omega = -60 degrees). We do not know of any previous demonstration that the dihedral angle omega (O6-C6-C5-H5) in Man alpha 1-->6Man beta 1--> is preferentially 180 degrees in complex-type N-linked glycans having no bisecting GlcNAc residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Purification and enzymatic properties of peptide:N-glycanase from C3H mouse-derived L-929 fibroblast cells. Possible widespread occurrence of post-translational remodification of proteins by N-deglycosylation. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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