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Elmogy M, Mohamed AA, Tufail M, Uno T, Takeda M. Molecular and functional characterization of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Rab5: the first exopterygotan low molecular weight ovarian GTPase during oogenesis. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:751-764. [PMID: 28548451 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The small Rab GTPases are key regulators of membrane vesicle trafficking. Ovaries of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Blattodea: Blattidae) have small molecular weight GTP/ATP-binding proteins during early and late vitellogenic periods of oogenesis. However, the identification and characterization of the detected proteins have not been yet reported. Herein, we cloned a cDNA encoding Rab5 from the American cockroach, P. americana, ovaries (PamRab5). It comprises 796 bp, encoding a protein of 213 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 23.5 kDa. PamRab5 exists as a single-copy gene in the P. americana genome, as revealed by Southern blot analysis. An approximate 2.6 kb ovarian mRNA was transcribed especially at high levels in the previtellogenic ovaries, detected by Northern blot analysis. The muscle and head tissues also showed high levels of PamRab5 transcript. PamRab5 protein was localized, via immunofluorescence labeling, to germline-derived cells of the oocytes, very early during oocyte differentiation. Immunoblotting detected a ∼25 kDa signal as a membrane-associated form revealed after application of detergent in the extraction buffer, and 23 kDa as a cytosolic form consistent with the predicted molecular weight from amino acid sequence in different tissues including ovary, muscles and head. The PamRab5 during late vitellogenic periods is required to regulate the endocytotic machinery during oogenesis in this cockroach. This is the first report on Rab5 from a hemimetabolan, and presents an inaugural step in probing the molecular premises of insect oocyte endocytotic trafficking important for oogenesis and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elmogy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Orman, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr A Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Orman, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohide Uno
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Makio Takeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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Savina A, Fader CM, Damiani MT, Colombo MI. Rab11 Promotes Docking and Fusion of Multivesicular Bodies in a Calcium-Dependent Manner. Traffic 2004; 6:131-43. [PMID: 15634213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2004.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are membranous structures within 60-100 nm diameter vesicles accumulate. MVBs are generated after invagination and pinching off of the endosomal membrane in the lumen of the vacuole. In certain cell types, fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane results in the release of the internal vesicles called exosomes. In this report we have examined how an increase in cytosolic calcium affects the development of MVBs and exosome release in K562 cells overexpressing GFP-Rab11 wt or its mutants. In cells overexpressing the Rab11Q70 L mutant or Rab11 wt, an increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration induced by monensin caused a marked enlargement of the MVBs. This effect was abrogated by the membrane permeant calcium chelator BAPTA-AM. We also examined the behavior of MVBs in living cells by time lapse confocal microscopy. Many MVBs, decorated by wt or Q70L mutant GFP-Rab11, were docked and ready to fuse in the presence of a calcium chelator. This observation suggests that Rab11 is acting in the tethering/docking of MVBs to promote homotypic fusion, but that the final fusion reaction requires the presence of calcium. Additionally, a rise in intracellular calcium concentration enhanced exosome secretion in Rab11 wt overexpressing cells and reversed the inhibition of the mutants. The results suggest that both Rab11 and calcium are involved in the homotypic fusion of MVBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Savina
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular-Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo--CONICET, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
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3
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Ricard CS, Jakubowski JM, Verbsky JW, Barbieri MA, Lewis WM, Fernandez GE, Vogel M, Tsou C, Prasad V, Stahl PD, Waksman G, Cheney CM. Drosophila rab GDI mutants disrupt development but have normal Rab membrane extraction. Genesis 2001; 31:17-29. [PMID: 11668674 DOI: 10.1002/gene.10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are essential for vesicular transport. Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) binds to GDP-bound rabs, removes rabs from acceptor membranes and delivers rabs to donor membranes. We isolated lethal GDI mutations in Drosophila and analyzed their developmental phenotypes. To learn how these mutations affect GDI structure, the crystal structure of Drosophila GDI was determined by molecular replacement to a resolution of 3.0 A. Two hypomorphic, missense mutations are located in domain II of GDI at highly conserved positions, but not in previously identified sequence conserved regions. The mutant GDIs were tested for ability to extract rabs from membranes and showed wild-type levels of rab membrane extraction. The two missense alleles showed intragenic complementation, indicating that domain II of GDI may have two separable functions. This study indicates that GDI function is essential for development of a complex, multicellular organism and that puparium formation and pole cell formation are especially dependent on GDI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ricard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Aballay A, Barbieri MA, Colombo MI, Arenas GN, Stahl PD, Mayorga LS. A phorbol ester-binding protein is required downstream of Rab5 in endosome fusion. FEBS Lett 1998; 441:373-8. [PMID: 9891974 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous observations indicate that a zinc and phorbol ester binding factor is necessary for endosome fusion. To further characterize the role of this factor in the process, we used an in vitro endosome fusion assay supplemented with recombinant Rab5 proteins. Both zinc depletion and addition of calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, inhibited endosome fusion in the presence of active Rab5. Addition of the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) reversed the inhibition of endosome fusion caused by a Rab5 negative mutant. Moreover, PMA stimulated fusion in the presence of Rab5 immunodepleted cytosol. These results suggest that the phorbol ester binding protein is acting downstream of Rab5 in endosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aballay
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuy -CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
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5
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Aballay A, Arenas NG, Quest AF, Mayorga LS. A factor with a zinc- and phorbol ester-binding domain is necessary for endosome fusion. Exp Cell Res 1997; 235:28-34. [PMID: 9281349 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An inhibitory effect of several zinc chelators on endosome fusion reconstituted in an in vitro system has been recently reported (A. Aballay et al., 1995, Biochem. J. 312, 919-923). The factor that requires zinc for its activity is still unknown. Since the regulatory domain of protein kinase C (PKC) contains cysteine-rich motifs which coordinate zinc, we suspected that PKC or a PKC-like protein might be that factor. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of PKC that interacts with the cysteine-rich motif, and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), an activator of several PKC isoforms that bind to the same region, on endosome fusion. Calphostin C inhibited endosome fusion in a zinc-regulated manner, whereas PMA enhanced endosome fusion. Moreover, fusion was strongly stimulated when both PMA and zinc were added together to zinc-depleted fusion reactions. Inhibitors of the catalytic domain of PKC had no effect on the assay suggesting that the kinase activity is not required. In contrast, a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing a cysteine-rich region of the regulatory domain of PKCgamma inhibited endosome fusion in a PMA-dependent manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of proteins containing PKC-like cysteine-rich regions that are released from endosomal fractions by zinc chelators. These results indicate that the previously proposed zinc-dependent factor required for endosome fusion could be either a PKC isoform or a protein containing the phorbol ester-binding domain of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aballay
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
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Alvarez-Dominguez C, Roberts R, Stahl PD. Internalized Listeria monocytogenes modulates intracellular trafficking and delays maturation of the phagosome. J Cell Sci 1997; 110 ( Pt 6):731-43. [PMID: 9099947 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.110.6.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that early phagosome-endosome fusion events following phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes are modulated by the live organism. In the present study, we have characterized more fully the intracellular pathway of dead and live Listeria phagosomes. To examine access of endosomal and lysosomal markers to phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria, quantitative electron microscopy was carried out with intact cells using internalized BSA-gold as a marker to quantify transfer of solute from endosomal and lysosomal compartments to phagosomes. To monitor the protein composition of phagosomal membranes and to quantify transfer of HRP from endosomes and lysosomes to phagosomes, highly enriched phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria were isolated. Enriched phagosomal membranes were used for western blotting experiments with endosomal and lysosomal markers. In this study, we used a listeriolysin-deficient mutant, Listeria(hly-), that is retained within the phagosome following phagocytosis. Western blotting experiments indicate that early endosomal markers (mannose receptor, transferrin receptor) and key fusion factors necessary for early events (NSF, alpha/beta-SNAP) but not late endosomal markers (cation dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor) or lysosomal proteins (cathepsin D or lamp-1) accumulate on the live-Listeria phagosomal membranes. On the contrary, phagosomes containing dead-Listeria are readily accessible by both endocytic and lysosomal markers. Studies with radiolabeled dead- and live-Listeria(hly-) indicate that, following phagocytosis, degradation of the live microorganism is substantially delayed. These findings indicate that dead-Listeria containing phagosomes rapidly mature to a phagolysosomal stage whereas live-Listeria(hly-) prevents maturation, in part, by avoiding fusion with lysosomes. The data suggest that by delaying phagosome maturation and subsequent degradation, Listeria prolongs survival inside the phagosome/endosome assuring bacterial viability as a prelude to escape into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarez-Dominguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Mayer A, Wickner W. Docking of yeast vacuoles is catalyzed by the Ras-like GTPase Ypt7p after symmetric priming by Sec18p (NSF). J Cell Biol 1997; 136:307-17. [PMID: 9015302 PMCID: PMC2134819 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.136.2.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuole inheritance in yeast involves the formation of tubular and vesicular "segregation structures" which migrate into the bud and fuse there to establish the daughter cell vacuole. Vacuole fusion has been reconstituted in vitro and may be used as a model for an NSF-dependent reaction of priming, docking, and fusion. We have developed biochemical and microscopic assays for the docking step of in vitro vacuole fusion and characterized its requirements. The vacuoles must be primed for docking by the action of Sec17p (alpha-SNAP) and Sec18p (NSF). Priming is necessary for both fusion partners. It produces a labile state which requires rapid docking in order to lead productively to fusion. In addition to Sec17p/Sec18p, docking requires the activity of the Ras-like GTPase Ypt7p. Unlike Sec17p/Sec18p, which must act before docking, Ypt7p is directly involved in the docking process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3844, USA
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9
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Colombo MI, Lenhard J, Mayorga L, Beron W, Hall H, Stahl PD. Inhibition of endocytic transport by aluminum fluoride implicates GTPases as regulators of endocytosis. Mol Membr Biol 1994; 11:93-100. [PMID: 7920868 DOI: 10.3109/09687689409162226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that GTP-binding proteins are important regulators of vesicular transport. Recent work has shown that multiple GTPases (both monomeric and heterotrimeric) are required for trafficking. In the present study we have used aluminum fluoride (AIF), a reagent that activates trimeric G proteins, as a tool to study the involvement of this family of GTPases in the regulation of endocytosis in intact cells. Our results indicate that AIF inhibits fusion of early endosomes with an intracellular proteolytic compartment. Using the mixing of sequentially internalized ligands as a measure of endocytosis, we found that AIF inhibited endocytic transport as assessed by both biochemical and morphological methods. Taken together these results suggest that AIF affects membrane fusion, a common step in vesicular transport. To further examine the effects of AIF we tested this compound in a cell-free assay that reconstitutes fusion among endosomes. AIF affected endosomal fusion in a different way than did GTP gamma S, an agent that activates both trimeric and small GTPases. Our results suggest that the coordinated activation of both classes of GTPases are required for efficient endocytic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Colombo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis 63110
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Diaz R, Mayorga LS, Colombo MI, Lenhard JM, Stahl PD. In vitro studies of endocytic vesicle fusion. Methods Enzymol 1993; 221:207-22. [PMID: 8361376 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(93)21018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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12
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Colombo MI, Mayorga LS, Casey PJ, Stahl PD. Evidence of a Role for Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins in Endosome Fusion. Science 1992; 255:1695-7. [PMID: 1348148 DOI: 10.1126/science.1348148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins are required for intracellular vesicular transport. Mastoparan is a peptide component of wasp venom that increases nucleotide exchange in some classes of G alpha subunits of regulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Mastoparan and other compounds that increase nucleotide exchange by G proteins inhibited endosome fusion in vitro and reversed the effects of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S), a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog. Addition of beta gamma subunits of G proteins to the fusion assay antagonized the stimulatory effect of GTP-gamma-S, confirming the participation of G proteins. These results indicate that GTP-binding proteins are required for endosome fusion and in particular that a G protein is involved. Given the function of G proteins in signal transduction, these findings may provide insight into the mechanism by which endosomal vesicles become competent for fusion after their formation at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Colombo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Colombo MI, Lenhard JM, Mayorga LS, Stahl PD. Reconstitution of endosome fusion: identification of factors necessary for fusion competency. Methods Enzymol 1992; 219:32-44. [PMID: 1488005 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(92)19007-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Colombo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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14
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Characterization of endosome-endosome fusion in a cell-free system using Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)46031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Pitt A, Mayorga LS, Schwartz AL, Stahl PD. Transport of phagosomal components to an endosomal compartment. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Colombo M, Gonzalo S, Weidman P, Stahl P. Characterization of trypsin-sensitive factor(s) required for endosome-endosome fusion. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Daugherty A, Rateri D. Failure of the intracellular itinerary of beta very low density lipoproteins to augment cholesterol esterification in macrophages from Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)47369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Dory L. Regulation of apolipoprotein E secretion by high density lipoprotein 3 in mouse macrophages. J Lipid Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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19
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Mayorga LS, Bertini F, Stahl PD. Fusion of newly formed phagosomes with endosomes in intact cells and in a cell-free system. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wessling-Resnick M, Braell WA. Characterization of the mechanism of endocytic vesicle fusion in vitro. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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