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Weissig V. From Olive Oil Emulsions to COVID-19 Vaccines: Liposomes Came First. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2622:1-19. [PMID: 36781746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been a long journey from Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD) to the FDA approval of the first injectable nanomedicine in 1997. A journey powered by intellectual curiosity, which began with sprinkling olive oil on seawater and culminated in playing around with smears of egg lecithin on microscopic slides. This brief review highlights how a few pairs of gifted hands attached to highly motivated brains have turned a curious discovery made under a microscopic lens into novel nanotherapeutics including liposome-based anti-cancer drugs and potent liposomal vaccines given to millions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Weissig
- Midwestern University College of Pharmacy Glendale, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Glendale, AZ, USA.
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2
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Rethi L, Mutalik C, Anurogo D, Lu LS, Chu HY, Yougbaré S, Kuo TR, Cheng TM, Chen FL. Lipid-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2948. [PMID: 36079985 PMCID: PMC9458017 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases, inducing critical intimidation to human health. Lipid-based nanomaterials have been successfully demonstrated as drug carriers for breast cancer treatment. To date, the development of a better drug delivery system based on lipid nanomaterials is still urgent to make the treatment and diagnosis easily accessible to breast cancer patients. In a drug delivery system, lipid nanomaterials have revealed distinctive features, including high biocompatibility and efficient drug delivery. Specifically, a targeted drug delivery system based on lipid nanomaterials has inherited the advantage of optimum dosage and low side effects. In this review, insights on currently used potential lipid-based nanomaterials are collected and introduced. The review sheds light on conjugation, targeting, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical significance of lipid-based nanomaterials to treat breast cancer. Furthermore, a brighter side of lipid-based nanomaterials as future potential drug delivery systems for breast cancer therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Rethi
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chinmaya Mutalik
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Dito Anurogo
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan or
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar City 90221, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yi Chu
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sibidou Yougbaré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale du Centre Ouest (IRSS/DRCO), Nanoro BP 218, 11, Burkina Faso
| | - Tsung-Rong Kuo
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Lun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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3
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Li X, Montague EC, Pollinzi A, Lofts A, Hoare T. Design of Smart Size-, Surface-, and Shape-Switching Nanoparticles to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104632. [PMID: 34936204 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple biological barriers must be considered in the design of nanomedicines, including prolonged blood circulation, efficient accumulation at the target site, effective penetration into the target tissue, selective uptake of the nanoparticles into target cells, and successful endosomal escape. However, different particle sizes, surface chemistries, and sometimes shapes are required to achieve the desired transport properties at each step of the delivery process. In response, this review highlights recent developments in the design of switchable nanoparticles whose size, surface chemistry, shape, or a combination thereof can be altered as a function of time, a disease-specific microenvironment, and/or via an externally applied stimulus to enable improved optimization of nanoparticle properties in each step of the delivery process. The practical use of such nanoparticles in chemotherapy, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and other applications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - E Coulter Montague
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Angela Pollinzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew Lofts
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Abstract
It has been a long journey from Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD) to the FDA approval of the first injectable Nanomedicine in 1997. It has been a journey powered by intellectual curiosity, which began with sprinkling olive oil on seawater and culminated in playing around with smears of egg lecithin on microscopic slides. This brief review highlights how a few pairs of gifted hands attached to highly motivated brains have launched Liposome Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkmar Weissig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy Glendale, 19555 North 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
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6
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Shajari N, Davudian S, Salehi S, Baradaran B. Nano-liposome-based target toxicity machine: an alternative/complementary approach in atopic diseases. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1292-1297. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1261872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Davudian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Salehi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sato T, Sunamoto J, Ishii N, Koji T. Polysaccharide-Coated Immunoliposomes Bearing Anti-CEA Fab' Fragment and Their Internalization by CEA-Producing Tumor Cells. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391158800300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoliposomes, bearing Fab' fragments of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) monoclonal antibody, have been prepared according to a new method developed in our laboratory. First, egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes were coated with pullulan derivatives. Then, SH-bearing Fab' fragments of anti-CEA were conjugated to the pullulan derivatives attached to the liposomal surface. These immunoliposomes showed specific binding to CEA-producing cells, BM314, which was approximately 20-fold greater than to CEA-non- producing cells, RPMI #4788. In addition, these immunoliposomes were endo cytosed by colon cancer cells, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using liposomes labelled by a hydrophobic fluorescent probe, terbium trisace tylacetonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sato
- Laboratory of Artificial Cell Technology Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki, 852 Japan
| | - Junzo Sunamoto
- Laboratory of Artificial Cell Technology Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki, 852 Japan
| | - Nobuko Ishii
- Laboratory of Artificial Cell Technology Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki, 852 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Koji
- Laboratory of Artificial Cell Technology Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki, 852 Japan
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Maiseyeu A. Non-antigenic regulators of targeting for imaging and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:1. [PMID: 26987405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Maiseyeu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Kennedy JF. Pullulan and pullulan derivatives as promising biomolecules for drug and gene targeting. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 123:190-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Haralampiev I, Mertens M, Schwarzer R, Herrmann A, Volkmer R, Wessig P, Müller P. Rekrutierung Sulfhydryl‐haltiger Peptide an Lipid‐ und biologische Membranen durch eine Maleimid‐funktionalisierte Palmitinsäure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Haralampiev
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115‐Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Monique Mertens
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Straße 24‐25, 14476 Potsdam (Deutschland)
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115‐Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115‐Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Rudolf Volkmer
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Straße 3, 10115 Berlin (Deutschland)
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Straße 24‐25, 14476 Potsdam (Deutschland)
| | - Peter Müller
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115‐Berlin (Deutschland)
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11
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Haralampiev I, Mertens M, Schwarzer R, Herrmann A, Volkmer R, Wessig P, Müller P. Recruitment of SH‐Containing Peptides to Lipid and Biological Membranes through the Use of a Palmitic Acid Functionalized with a Maleimide Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:323-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Haralampiev
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Monique Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Strasse 24–25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Rudolf Volkmer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Department of Chemistry, University Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Strasse 24–25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin (Germany)
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12
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Grandhi TSP, Rege K. Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of Nanomaterials for Therapeutic Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 811:157-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8739-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Lee MH, Han JH, Kwon PS, Bhuniya S, Kim JY, Sessler JL, Kang C, Kim JS. Hepatocyte-targeting single galactose-appended naphthalimide: a tool for intracellular thiol imaging in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1316-22. [PMID: 22171762 DOI: 10.1021/ja210065g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present the design, synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and biological evaluation of a single galactose-appended naphthalimide (1). Probe 1 is a multifunctional molecule that incorporates a thiol-specific cleavable disulfide bond, a masked phthalamide fluorophore, and a single galactose moiety as a hepatocyte-targeting unit. It constitutes a new type of targetable ligand for hepatic thiol imaging in living cells and animals. Confocal microscopic imaging experiments reveal that 1, but not the galactose-free control system 2, is preferentially taken up by HepG2 cells through galactose-targeted, ASGP-R-mediated endocytosis. Probe 1 displays a fluorescence emission feature at 540 nm that is induced by exposure to free endogenous thiols, most notably GSH. The liver-specificity of 1 was confirmed in vivo via use of a rat model. The potential utility of this probe in indicating pathogenic states and as a possible screening tool for agents that can manipulate oxidative stress was demonstrated in experiments wherein palmitate was used to induce lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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14
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Han H, Peng JR, Chen PC, Gong L, Qiao SS, Wang WZ, Cui ZQ, Yu X, Wei YH, Leng XS. A novel system of artificial antigen-presenting cells efficiently stimulates Flu peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:530-5. [PMID: 21756876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic numbers of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key effectors in successful adoptive immunotherapy. However, efficient and reproducible methods to meet the qualification remain poor. To address this issue, we designed the artificial antigen-presenting cell (aAPC) system based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). A modified emulsion method was used for the preparation of PLGA particles encapsulating interleukin-2 (IL-2). Biotinylated molecular ligands for recognition and co-stimulation of T cells were attached to the particle surface through the binding of avidin-biotin. These formed the aAPC system. The function of aAPCs in the proliferation of specific CTLs against human Flu antigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and MTT staining methods. Finally, we successfully prepared this suitable aAPC system. The results show that IL-2 is released from aAPCs in a sustained manner over 30 days. This dramatically improves the stimulatory capacity of this system as compared to the effect of exogenous addition of cytokine. In addition, our aAPCs promote the proliferation of Flu antigen-specific CTLs more effectively than the autologous cellular APCs. Here, this aAPC platform is proved to be suitable for expansion of human antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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15
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Wijesurendra RS, Jefferson A, Choudhury RP. Target: ligand interactions of the vascular endothelium. Implications for molecular imaging in inflammation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:467-82. [PMID: 20830411 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging refers to the non-invasive visualisation of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels within a living organism, and offers a wide range of potential benefits to both clinical medicine and research into novel therapeutic agents. Inflammation plays an important role in a wide variety of pathological processes and imaging the molecular and cellular machinery that underlies chronic inflammation is attractive and feasible. In this review, we present an overview of molecular imaging of inflammation. We start by characterising molecular and cellular events in early inflammation, identifying current and potential future imaging targets. We focus on the imaging of endothelial cells, which mediate the important first steps in inflammation in any tissue, are readily accessible to imaging probes and which present an approach that can be applied across multiple modalities. We then review the generic requirements for imaging contrast agents and focus on the important considerations in respect of ligands, ligand-target interactions and contrast vehicles. We aim to provide an integrated view of current progress with a focus on promising recent developments in experimental and translational molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Wijesurendra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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16
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Engineering liposomes and nanoparticles for biological targeting. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 125:251-80. [PMID: 21049296 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to engineer nanomaterials for biological and medical applications is continuously increasing, and nanomaterial designs are becoming more and more complex. One very good example of this is the drug delivery field where nanoparticle systems can be used to deliver drugs specifically to diseased tissue. In the early days, the design of the nanoparticles was relatively simple, but today we can surface functionalize and manipulate material properties to target diseased tissue and build highly complex drug release mechanisms into our designs. One of the most promising strategies in drug delivery is to use ligands that target overexpressed or selectively expressed receptors on the surface of diseased cells. To utilize this approach, it is necessary to control the chemistry involved in surface functionalization of nanoparticles and construct highly specific functionalities that can be used as attachment points for a diverse range of targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, carbohydrates and vitamins. In this review we provide an overview and a critical evaluation of the many strategies that have been developed for surface functionalization of nanoparticles and furthermore provide an overview of how these methods have been used in drug delivery systems.
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Ko IK, Kean TJ, Dennis JE. Targeting mesenchymal stem cells to activated endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3702-10. [PMID: 19375791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface coating is a methodology wherein specific molecules are transiently anchored onto cell membrane to modulate cell behavior. Cell surface coating was tested as a method to deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells via binding to intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). MSCs coated with palmitated protein G (PPG) followed by antibodies to ICAM-1 (Ab(ICAM-1)), and incubated on ICAM-I coated coverslips showed a 40-fold increase in cell binding over PPG-only controls. Ab(ICAM-1)-coated MSCs incubated with human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), with and without exposure to TNFalpha (to upregulate ICAM-1 expression), showed 2.6-fold increased binding to control HUVECs over PPG-only controls, and a 16-fold increase in binding to TNFalpha-treated HUVECs. Pretreatment of HUVECs with ICAM-1 antibody promoted the attachment of PPG-only MSCs while reducing the attachment of Ab(ICAM-1)-MSCs by approximately 50%. In flow chamber studies on TNFalpha-stimulated HUVECs, PPG-only, and MSC-only lost 80-90% of their initial binding at 4 dyne/cm(2), while Ab(ICAM-1)-MSCs maintained 100% binding at 4 dyne/cm(2) and 40% binding at 25 dyne/cm(2). These results demonstrate that cell surface coating promotes the attachment of MSCs to endothelial cells, and provides a methodology for the delivery of stem cells to sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kap Ko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Leserman L. The Gregoriadyssey: From smetic mesophases to liposomal drug carriers, a personal reflection of Gregory Gregoriadis. J Drug Target 2008; 16:525-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860802228400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Wright SE, Huang L. Immunomagnetic Particle Induced Lysis of Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109209018639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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21
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22
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Holmberg E, Maruyama K, Kennel S, Klibanov A, Torchilin V, Ryan U, Huang L. Target-Specific Binding of Immunoliposomes in Vivo. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109009036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Heath TD, Brown CS, Chan JC. Anionic Liposomes Deliver Different Liposome Dependent Drugs to Cells with Variable Efficiency: An Explanation Based on the Optimal Timing of Drug Delivery. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109909044493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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25
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Heath TD. If your bullet's magic, what's your poison?: Antibody-Directed Liposomes, Liposorae-Dependent Drugs, and how they were pursued in the Laboratory of Demetrios Papahadjopoulos. J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109609037210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Longman SA, Cullis PR, Bally MB. A model approach for assessing liposome targetingin vivo. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549509031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Sofou S, Sgouros G. Antibody-targeted liposomes in cancer therapy and imaging. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:189-204. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Reddy BS, Banerjee R. 17Beta-estradiol-associated stealth-liposomal delivery of anticancer gene to breast cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:6723-7. [PMID: 16187396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bathula S Reddy
- Division of Lipid Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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29
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Albrecht I, Gatfield J, Mini T, Jeno P, Pieters J. Essential role for cholesterol in the delivery of exogenous antigens to the MHC class I-presentation pathway. Int Immunol 2006; 18:755-65. [PMID: 16608901 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxl013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation, which is crucial for the generation of immunity against virus-infected and tumor cells, requires exogenous antigens to be internalized into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) followed by translocation to the cytosol by unknown mechanisms. One important entry route for such antigens is macropinocytosis. We here describe that cholesterol is essential for cross-presentation of antigens loaded via macropinocytosis into APCs. Modification of antigens by palmitoylation to target antigens to cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane domains resulted in a dramatically increased T cell activation. These results define cholesterol as an essential factor for cross-presentation and suggest that specific modification of antigens to increase their affinity for cholesterol may be utilized to enhance immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Albrecht
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Pindzola BA, Nguyen AT, Reppy MA. Antibody-functionalized polydiacetylene coatings on nanoporous membranes for microorganism detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:906-8. [PMID: 16479307 DOI: 10.1039/b516403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of coatings made from polydiacetylene colloids on nano- and microporous membranes and their potential for the detection of microorganisms are presented.
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31
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Reddy BS, Banerjee R. 17β-Estradiol-Associated Stealth-Liposomal Delivery of Anticancer Gene to Breast Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Balthasar S, Michaelis K, Dinauer N, von Briesen H, Kreuter J, Langer K. Preparation and characterisation of antibody modified gelatin nanoparticles as drug carrier system for uptake in lymphocytes. Biomaterials 2005; 26:2723-32. [PMID: 15585276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Established methods of protein chemistry can be used for the effective attachment of drug targeting ligands to the surface of protein-based nanoparticles. In the present work gelatin nanoparticles were used for the attachment of biotinylated anti-CD3 antibodies by avidin-biotin-complex formation. These antibody modified nanoparticles represent a promising carrier system for the specific drug targeting to T-lymphocytes. The objective of this work was the comprehensive quantification of every chemical reaction step during the preparation procedure of these cell specific nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles were formed by a two-step desolvation process. After the first desolvation step the remaining sediment and the supernatant were analysed for molecular weight distribution by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Nanoparticles then were formed using the high molecular gelatin fraction and subsequently were stabilised by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. A part of the detectable amino groups on the particle surface was reacted with 2-iminothiolane in order to introduce reactive sulfhydryl groups. The thiolated nanoparticles were coupled to NeutrAvidin (NAv) which previously was activated with the heterobifunctional crosslinker sulfo-MBS. All these reaction steps were quantified by photometry or gravimetry. The functionality of NAv after covalent conjugation was confirmed by a biotin-4-fluorescein assay. The NAv-modified nanoparticles then were used for the binding of biotinylated anti-CD3 antibodies by avidin-biotin-complex formation. A highly effective attachment of the ligand was ascertained by different, indirect methods: immunoblotting and fluorimetry. Therefore, a well-defined nanoparticle system with drug targeting ligand modification was established that holds promise for further effective preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Balthasar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Biozentrum Niederursel, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main D-60439, Germany
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Fahmy TM, Samstein RM, Harness CC, Mark Saltzman W. Surface modification of biodegradable polyesters with fatty acid conjugates for improved drug targeting. Biomaterials 2005; 26:5727-36. [PMID: 15878378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2004] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a general method for incorporating target ligands into the surface of biocompatible polyester poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50/50 materials using fatty acids. Avidin-fatty acid conjugates were prepared and efficiently incorporated into PLGA. Avidin was chosen as an adaptor protein to facilitate the attachment of a variety of biotinylated ligands. We show that fatty acid preferentially associates with the hydrophobic PLGA matrix, rather than the external aqueous environment, facilitating a prolonged presentation of avidin over several weeks. We successfully applied this approach in both microspheres encapsulating a model protein, bovine serum albumin, and PLGA scaffolds fabricated by a salt-leaching method. Because of its ease, generality and flexibility, this strategy promises widespread utility in modifying the surface of PLGA-based materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, PO Box 208284, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Abstract
Sigma receptors are membrane-bound proteins that are overexpressed in certain human malignancies including breast cancer. These receptors show very high affinity for various sigma ligands including neuroleptics like haloperidol. We hypothesized that in associating haloperidol-linked lipid into the cationic lipid-DNA complex, we can specifically target and deliver genes to breast cancer cells that overexpress sigma receptors. In the present study, haloperidol was chemically modified to conjugate at the distal end of the polyethylene glycollinked phospholipid, which was then incorporated into the cationic liposome known to condense and deliver genes inside cells. The resulting haloperidol-conjugated targeted lipoplex showed at least 10-fold higher (p < 0.001) reporter gene expression in MCF-7 cells than control lipoplex. The reporter gene expression of the targeted lipoplex was significantly blocked by haloperidol (p < 0.001) and by another sigma ligand, 1,3-ditolylguanidine (p < 0.001) in the majority of cationic lipid to DNA charge ratios (+/-). Spironolactone-mediated sigma receptor down-regulation enabled MCF-7 to show 10-fold lower transgene expression with targeted lipoplex compared with that obtained in spironolactone-untreated cells. The targeted lipoplex generated nonspecific gene expression in sigma receptor-nonexpressing human cancer cells such as Hela, KB, HepG2, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Moreover, the transgene expression remained unabated in physiologically relevant serum concentrations. This is the first study to demonstrate that haloperidol-targeted gene delivery systems can mediate efficient targeting of genes to sigma receptor-overexpressing breast cancer cells, thereby becoming a novel class of therapeutics for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Mukherjee
- Division of Lipid Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Nobs L, Buchegger F, Gurny R, Allémann E. Current methods for attaching targeting ligands to liposomes and nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2005; 93:1980-92. [PMID: 15236448 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes and nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carrier systems for delivering active molecules in the organism. These colloidal particles have demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared to conventional drugs. However, the design of liposomes and nanoparticles with a prolonged circulation time and ability to deliver active compounds specifically to target sites remains an ongoing research goal. One interesting way to achieve active targeting is to attach ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies or peptides, to the carrier. These surface-bound ligands recognize and bind specifically to target cells. To this end, various techniques have been described, including covalent and noncovalent approaches. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have proved the efficacy of the concept of active targeting. The present review summarizes the most common coupling techniques developed for binding homing moieties to the surface of liposomes and nanoparticles. Various coupling methods, covalent and noncovalent, will be reviewed, with emphasis on the major differences between the coupling reactions, on their advantages and drawbacks, on the coupling efficiency obtained, and on the importance of combining active targeting with long-circulating particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nobs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 4, Switzerland
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36
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Azzam T, Eliyahu H, Makovitzki A, Linial M, Domb AJ. Hydrophobized dextran-spermine conjugate as potential vector for in vitro gene transfection. J Control Release 2005; 96:309-23. [PMID: 15081221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dextran polysaccharide was grafted by reductive-amination with mixtures of spermine and other natural/synthetic oligoamines of two to four amine groups. The transfection efficiencies of the polycations thus obtained were assessed in various cell lines, and found to depend on the spermine contents. Higher spermine ratios of grafted oligoamines resulted in high gene expression, whereas low to negligible expressions were obtained with lower spermine contents. The effect was explained by spermine residues which exhibit altered buffering capacity in comparison to other substituted oligoamines. Hydrophobization of dextran-spermine (D-SPM) was achieved by treating the polymer with N-hydroxysuccinimide derivatives of cholesterol and fatty acids in a mixture of water/THF. The degree of hydrophobization was in the range of 1-30% mol/mol (hydrophobic moieties/primary amine) and the coupling yields were >95% as determined by (1)H-NMR. The oleate-modified D-SPM remarkably enhanced the gene expression in serum rich media, in marked contrast to unmodified D-SPM which resulted with a drastic decrease in the transfection yields. Modified D-SPM derivatives of other fatty acids and cholesterol showed improved transfection yields in comparison to unmodified D-SPM, but to a lower extent when compared to oleate modification. The improvement in cell transfection was attributed to oleate residues which probably play a role in increasing stability and uptake of polycation-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Azzam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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37
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Abstract
An approach for promoting the adherence of chondrogenic progenitor cells to specific matrix molecules has been tested in a cartilage defect model. Culture-expanded pre-chondrocytes fluorescently labeled with a vital dye were coated by a two-step method wherein lipidated protein G was first allowed to intercalate into cell membranes, and a second incubation in a solution of antibodies to cartilage matrix antigens allowed the binding of the antibodies to the protein G, on the external surface of the cell. The coating technique (termed "cell painting") does not effect cell viability or inhibit growth and chondrogenic potential. Painted cells were then added to rabbit cartilage explants that had a partial-thickness defect, washed, and prepared for histological examination and for confocal microscopy. The histological observations and the confocal observations and fluorescent intensity quantification consistently demonstrated that progenitor cells painted with multiple antibodies were capable of preferential binding to the exposed cartilage matrix within the defect. These results demonstrate that painting cell membranes with antibodies to matrix molecules is an effective method for promoting the adherence of stem or progenitor cells to a cartilage injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Dennis
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA.
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38
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Shahinian S, Silvius JR. High-yield coupling of antibody Fab' fragments to liposomes containing maleimide-functionalized lipids. Methods Enzymol 2004; 387:3-15. [PMID: 15172154 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)87001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Shahinian
- Department of Biochemistry,McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Phosphatidylinositol may serve as the hydrophobic anchor for immobilization of proteins on liposome surface. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Kallinteri P, Papadimitriou E, Antimisiaris SG. UPTAKE OF LIPOSOMES WHICH INCORPORATE A GLYCOPEPTIDE FRACTION OF ASIALOFETUIN BY HepG2CELLS. J Liposome Res 2001; 11:175-93. [DOI: 10.1081/lpr-100108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Kallinteri P, Liao WY, Antimisiaris SG, Hwang KH. Characterization, stability and in-vivo distribution of asialofetuin glycopeptide incorporating DSPC/CHOL liposomes prepared by mild cholate incubation. J Drug Target 2001; 9:155-68. [PMID: 11697109 DOI: 10.3109/10611860108997925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a small triantennary asialoglycopeptide of fetuin (A-F2) was used as a ligand to direct liposomes to hepatocytes. A-F2 was cleaved from asialofetuin, purified, conjugated with fatty acids and incorporated into pre-formed sonicated DSPC/Chol (2:1) liposomes. A mild cholate incubation method for incorporating the A-F2 ligand on pre-formed vesicles was used. In preliminary in vivo experiments 111In3+ encapsulated in A-F2/palmityl liposomes was seen to accumulate in the liver of mice significantly faster than when encapsulated in non-ligand bearing liposomes of the same lipid composition (studied before), justifying further investigation of this system. The presence of the A-F2/fatty acid conjugate in a functional form on the vesicle surface was confirmed by their reversible agglutination in the presence of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120). Effects of ligand incorporation on the vesicle size distribution, z-potential, membrane integrity and stability were monitored. The results demonstrate that highest ligand incorporation was achieved when liposomes and ligand were co-incubated in the presence of 1 mM sodium cholate. Incorporation increased with the length of the fatty acid used for A-F2 conjugation. Ligand-bearing liposomes were demonstrated to be smaller in diameter (about 30%) with a more positive z-potential in comparison to control vesicles while ligand incorporation did not influence the liposome membrane integrity. The size of the ligand-incorporating vesicles was maintained after 24 hours of incubation in isotonic buffer, proving that the vesicles do not aggregate. Although the preliminary biodistribution results may suggest that ligand bearing liposomes are accumulating in the liver, further cell culture, in vivo distribution and especially liver fractionation studies are required in order to clarify the intrahepatic localization of these liposomes and the ability to target liver hepatocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kallinteri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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42
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Abstract
A simple and readily manoeuverable method for preparing immuno-magnetic liposomes that indigenously contain binding sites for attaching other molecules like antibodies on their exterior surface is described. In this method magnetic unilamellar vesicles are prepared from a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, small amounts of a linear chain aldehyde and colloidal particles of magnetic iron oxide, using a reverse phase evaporation technique. The aldehyde (dedecanal) molecules align themselves among the lipid molecules in the bilayer with their aldehyde groups exposed to the aqueous phase, allowing straight attachment of antibody molecules (human-antimouse IgG-FITC in this case) in one single step. The success of this approach is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy as well as binding of the resulting immuno-magnetic liposomes to their corresponding target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Elmi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran University, PO Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Chen A, Zheng G, Tykocinski ML. Hierarchical costimulator thresholds for distinct immune responses: application of a novel two-step Fc fusion protein transfer method. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:705-11. [PMID: 10623813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of T cells is dependent upon coordinate engagement of Ag and costimulator receptors on their surfaces. In the case of the Ag receptors (TCRs), activation thresholds have been defined, with the number of TCRs that must be triggered to stimulate cytokine secretion by individual activated T cells differing for the various cytokines. In the present study, we have determined whether comparable activation thresholds exist for the costimulator receptors on T cells. To facilitate this type of quantitative costimulator analysis, we developed a novel two-step protein transfer approach that permits delivery of graded amounts of proteins to APC surfaces. By adding a human B7-1. Fcgamma1 (Fc domain of human IgG1) fusion protein to cells precoated with palmitated protein A, fine titration of the B7-1 extracellular domain was achieved. The B7-1. Fcgamma1 reincorporated into cell membranes by this method retained costimulator function, as measured by an in vitro proliferation assay. The degree of proliferation was dependent on the surface density of B7-1. Fcgamma1. Significantly, the threshold B7-1. Fcgamma1 density required for cytokine production differed between IFN-gamma and IL-2 and mirrored the hierarchy (IFN-gamma < IL-2) described previously for the TCR activation threshold. Hence, this study invokes a novel protein transfer strategy to establish that the levels of surface costimulator on APCs can dictate both the magnitude and the quality of evoked T cell responses. The notion of costimulator receptor activation thresholds emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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44
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45
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Abstract
This review examines methods of protein conjugation onto liposomes and the effects of surface bound protein on the liposomes' biological behavior. It is evident that the presence of a conjugated protein significantly alters the attributes of targeted liposomes. Specifically, protein conjugation can result in dramatic increases in liposome size, enhanced immunogenicity, and increased plasma elimination. Techniques are discussed for preventing some of the physical (size) and biological (immunogenic) alterations involving the use of PEG-lipids and drug loaded liposomes. In addition, the advantages of conjugating antibodies via carbohydrate moieties, to minimize changes in antibody binding and tertiary structure as well as effectively decreasing plasma elimination, are also discussed. It is, however, apparent that the accessibility of targeted liposomes to extravascular sites is a key step that will require further study and it is, therefore, anticipated that with the development of novel ligands and novel ligand-liposome interactions, the therapeutic utility of targeting strategies will likely be realized.
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46
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Mahato RI, Takakura Y, Hashida M. Development of targeted delivery systems for nucleic acid drugs. J Drug Target 1997; 4:337-57. [PMID: 9239575 DOI: 10.3109/10611869709017892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our increased understanding of disease pathogenesis is the basis for developing novel nucleic acid drugs. The main challenge encountered in this development is how to maintain therapeutically meaningful concentrations of the drugs in the vicinity of their targets for the desired periods. The intrinsic difficulty arises from the fact that nucleic acid drugs are not readily transported across membranes. Hence, their delivery and transport characteristics at the whole body, organ and cellular levels need to be thoroughly examined. Liposomes and receptor-mediated polycation systems are promising carriers for their delivery in vivo. There are many barriers to be overcome for successful antisense and gene therapies. Along with other factors, disposition, stability against nucleases, binding to cell surface receptor and internalization, and intracellular trafficking affect the in vivo delivery and efficacy of nucleic acid drugs. This review article discusses the delivery and transport of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Mahato
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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47
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Orellana A, Laukkanen ML, Keinänen K. Europium chelate-loaded liposomes: a tool for the study of binding and integrity of liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1284:29-34. [PMID: 8865811 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(96)00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Using the biotin-streptavidin interaction as a model, we investigated the suitability of lanthanide chelates as encapsulated liposomal labels in liposome-based binding assays. Large unilamellar phospholipid:cholesterol liposomes containing europium-DTPA chelate and biotinylated phosphatidylethanolamine were prepared by detergent dialysis. The resulting Eu-liposomes ([symbol: see text] 120 nm) bound specifically to streptavidin in microtiter wells as measured by time-resolved fluorometric assay (TRF). The intensity of fluorescence released from the bound liposomes was dependent on the concentration of biotin in the liposome membrane, the concentration of europium entrapped in the liposomes, the incubation time and the amount of liposomes used in the assay. The sensitivity of the TRF assay allowed the detection of binding of attomole quantities of liposomes. The streptavidin-immobilised liposomes subjected to porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and detergents displayed a dose-dependent release of the encapsulated europium. Lanthanide-chelate-liposomes should prove useful for studies addressing binding and stability of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orellana
- VTT Biotechnology and Food Research, Espoo, Finland.
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48
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Laukkanen ML, Orellana A, Keinänen K. Use of genetically engineered lipid-tagged antibody to generate functional europium chelate-loaded liposomes. Application in fluoroimmunoassay. J Immunol Methods 1995; 185:95-102. [PMID: 7665904 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00107-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthetically lipid-tagged single-chain antibody (Laukkanen et al., Protein Eng. 6 (1993) 449; Biochemistry 33 (1994) 11664) has been used to functionalize europium (Eu3+) chelate-loaded liposomes. The resulting Eu immunoliposomes displayed specific hapten-binding activity and little non-specific binding in time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). No loss of entrapped marker nor of binding activity was observed after storage of Eu immunoliposomes for 1 month at 4 degrees C. In comparison with Eu-labeled free single-chain antibody, Eu immunoliposomes produced a higher signal and provided increased sensitivity in a sandwich-type immunoassay. These results demonstrate the potential of Eu immunoliposomes as signal-amplifying reagents in TR-FIA.
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49
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Ekrami HM, Kennedy AR, Shen WC. Water-soluble fatty acid derivatives as acylating agents for reversible lipidization of polypeptides. FEBS Lett 1995; 371:283-6. [PMID: 7556611 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel method allowing the conjugation of a fatty acid to a peptide or protein in aqueous buffer is described in this paper. L-Cysteinyl 2-pyridyl disulfide (CPD) (III), which was obtained by reacting L-cysteine (I) with 2,2-dithiopyridine (II), was reacted with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid (IV) to yield a water-soluble derivative of palmitic acid, termed Pal-CPD (V). Pal-CPD (V) could be reacted with a sulfhydryl-containing peptide or protein in aqueous buffer to yield the palmitic acid-derivatized conjugate (VI). The palmitic acid-derivatized Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI), synthesized using this conjugation method, was demonstrated to have 140-fold higher uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers compared to native-BBI. The biological activity of the conjugate, as assessed using an in vitro transformation assay, was retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Ekrami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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50
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Madhavankutty K, Shyamasundar K, Andrews W. From pseudocholinesterase to human immunodeficiency virus. Med Hypotheses 1995; 45:225-6. [PMID: 8569542 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(95)90108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocholinesterase is a protein for which no function exists in mammals including human beings. To date, no substrate has been identified for this 'enzyme'. Involvement of this protein in the aetiopathogenesis of many diseases, such as hyperlipoproteinaemia, is still actively debated. Here, we propose a theoretical method to immobilize pseudocholinesterase in hepatocytes using antibody bound to liposomes. Conceptually, this approach will have widespread application, especially in blocking human immunodeficiency virus replication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Madhavankutty
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
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