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Are the collagen types and density in the wound healed after midline and transverse laparotomy different? An experimental study in mice. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.840890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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2
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Sorushanova A, Delgado LM, Wu Z, Shologu N, Kshirsagar A, Raghunath R, Mullen AM, Bayon Y, Pandit A, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. The Collagen Suprafamily: From Biosynthesis to Advanced Biomaterial Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801651. [PMID: 30126066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the oldest and most abundant extracellular matrix protein that has found many applications in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. First, an overview of the family of collagens and their respective structures, conformation, and biosynthesis is provided. The advances and shortfalls of various collagen preparations (e.g., mammalian/marine extracted collagen, cell-produced collagens, recombinant collagens, and collagen-like peptides) and crosslinking technologies (e.g., chemical, physical, and biological) are then critically discussed. Subsequently, an array of structural, thermal, mechanical, biochemical, and biological assays is examined, which are developed to analyze and characterize collagenous structures. Lastly, a comprehensive review is provided on how advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology have enabled the development of bioactive, 3D structures (e.g., tissue grafts, biomaterials, cell-assembled tissue equivalents) that closely imitate native supramolecular assemblies and have the capacity to deliver in a localized and sustained manner viable cell populations and/or bioactive/therapeutic molecules. Clearly, collagens have a long history in both evolution and biotechnology and continue to offer both challenges and exciting opportunities in regenerative medicine as nature's biomaterial of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sorushanova
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Luis M Delgado
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhuning Wu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Naledi Shologu
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Aniket Kshirsagar
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rufus Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Bayon
- Sofradim Production-A Medtronic Company, Trevoux, France
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Centre for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Department Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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3
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Shiratsuchi E, Nakaba M, Yamada M. Elastin hydrolysate derived from fish enhances proliferation of human skin fibroblasts and elastin synthesis in human skin fibroblasts and improves the skin conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1672-7. [PMID: 25996804 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that certain peptides significantly improve skin conditions, such as skin elasticity and the moisture content of the skin of healthy woman. This study aimed to investigate the effects of elastin hydrolysate on human skin. Proliferation and elastin synthesis were evaluated in human skin fibroblasts exposed to elastin hydrolysate and proryl-glycine (Pro-Gly), which is present in human blood after elastin hydrolysate ingestion. We also performed an ingestion test with elastin hydrolysate in humans and evaluated skin condition. RESULTS Elastin hydrolysate and Pro-Gly enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts and elastin synthesis. Maximal proliferation response was observed at 25 ng mL(-1) Pro-Gly. Ingestion of elastin hydrolysate improved skin condition, such as elasticity, number of wrinkles, and blood flow. Elasticity improved by 4% in the elastin hydrolysate group compared with 2% in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Therefore, elastin hydrolysate activates human skin fibroblasts and has beneficial effects on skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Shiratsuchi
- Hayasikane Sangyo Co. Ltd, 2-4-8 Yamato-machi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 750-8608, Japan
| | - Misako Nakaba
- Hayasikane Sangyo Co. Ltd, 2-4-8 Yamato-machi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 750-8608, Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Hayasikane Sangyo Co. Ltd, 2-4-8 Yamato-machi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 750-8608, Japan
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Houcine A, Delalleau A, Heraud S, Guiraud B, Payre B, Duplan H, Delisle MB, Damour O, Bessou-Touya S. How biophysicalin vivotesting techniques can be used to characterize full thickness skin equivalents. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:284-94. [PMID: 26508353 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Houcine
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie; Faculté de Médecine Rangueil; Toulouse III; Université P. Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | | | - S. Heraud
- Banque de tissus et cellules; Laboratoire des substituts cutanés; Hospices Civils de Lyon and LBTI, UMR 5305; Lyon France
| | - B. Guiraud
- Département Pharmacologie; Pierre Fabre, R&D PFDC; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - B. Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie; Faculté de Médecine Rangueil; Toulouse III; Université P. Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - H. Duplan
- Département Pharmacologie; Pierre Fabre, R&D PFDC; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - M.-B. Delisle
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie; Faculté de Médecine Rangueil; Toulouse III; Université P. Sabatier; Toulouse France
- CHU Toulouse et INSERM U 1037; Toulouse Cedex France
| | - O. Damour
- Banque de tissus et cellules; Laboratoire des substituts cutanés; Hospices Civils de Lyon and LBTI, UMR 5305; Lyon France
| | - S. Bessou-Touya
- Département Pharmacologie; Pierre Fabre, R&D PFDC; Toulouse Cedex France
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5
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Cooper NH, Balachandra JP, Hardman MJ. Global Gene Expression Analysis in PKCα-/- Mouse Skin Reveals Structural Changes in the Dermis and Defective Wound Granulation Tissue. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3173-3182. [PMID: 26354149 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin's mechanical integrity is maintained by an organized and robust dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). Resistance to mechanical disruption hinges primarily on homeostasis of the dermal collagen fibril architecture, which is regulated, at least in part, by members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. Here we present data linking protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) to the regulated expression of multiple ECM components including SLRPs. Global microarray profiling reveals deficiencies in ECM gene expression in PKCα-/- skin correlating with abnormal collagen fibril morphology, disorganized dermal architecture, and reduced skin strength. Detailed analysis of the skin and wounds from wild-type and PKCα-/- mice reveals a failure to upregulate collagen and other ECM components in response to injury, resulting in delayed granulation tissue deposition in PKCα-/- wounds. Thus, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for PKCα in the regulation of ECM structure and deposition during skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola H Cooper
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Institute of Medical Biology, Epithelial Epigenetics Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeya P Balachandra
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Dewavrin JY, Hamzavi N, Shim VPW, Raghunath M. Tuning the architecture of three-dimensional collagen hydrogels by physiological macromolecular crowding. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4351-9. [PMID: 24932771 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding is an optimal physiological feature in intracellular and extracellular spaces, and results from a variety of macromolecules occupying space and contributing to a fractional volume occupancy. Here, we show that soft collagen hydrogels assembled in nature-inspired crowded conditions feature enhanced biophysical properties. We demonstrate that crowding tunes the rate of collagen nucleation and fiber growth, affecting fiber diameter and organization. Adjustments of crowding levels during collagen assembly tune the gel pore size, protein permeability, transparency and resistance to enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, gels assembled in crowded conditions are twice as resistant to mechanical stress as the controls, inducing a 70% boost of proliferation of stem cells cultured on tuned hydrogels. Emulating the crowdedness of interstitial fluids therefore represents a way to optimize the properties of soft collagen gels, with promising applications in soft biomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Dewavrin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nader Hamzavi
- Impact Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; A∗STAR Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore
| | - V P W Shim
- Impact Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Smith DW, Rubenson J, Lloyd D, Zheng M, Fernandez J, Besier T, Xu J, Gardiner BS. A conceptual framework for computational models of Achilles tendon homeostasis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:523-38. [PMID: 23757159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Computational modeling of tendon lags the development of computational models for other tissues. A major bottleneck in the development of realistic computational models for Achilles tendon is the absence of detailed conceptual and theoretical models as to how the tissue actually functions. Without the conceptual models to provide a theoretical framework to guide the development and integration of multiscale computational models, modeling of the Achilles tendon to date has tended to be piecemeal and focused on specific mechanical or biochemical issues. In this paper, we present a new conceptual model of Achilles tendon tissue homeostasis, and discuss this model in terms of existing computational models of tendon. This approach has the benefits of structuring the research on relevant computational modeling to date, while allowing us to identify new computational models requiring development. The critically important functional issue for tendon is that it is continually damaged during use and so has to be repaired. From this follows the centrally important issue of homeostasis of the load carrying collagen fibrils within the collagen fibers of the Achilles tendon. Collagen fibrils may be damaged mechanically-by loading, or damaged biochemically-by proteases. Upon reviewing existing computational models within this conceptual framework of the Achilles tendon structure and function, we demonstrate that a great deal of theoretical and experimental research remains to be done before there are reliably predictive multiscale computational model of Achilles tendon in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Smith
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Song H, Parkinson J. Modelling the self-assembly of elastomeric proteins provides insights into the evolution of their domain architectures. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002406. [PMID: 22396636 PMCID: PMC3291537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric proteins have evolved independently multiple times through evolution. Produced as monomers, they self-assemble into polymeric structures that impart properties of stretch and recoil. They are composed of an alternating domain architecture of elastomeric domains interspersed with cross-linking elements. While the former provide the elasticity as well as help drive the assembly process, the latter serve to stabilise the polymer. Changes in the number and arrangement of the elastomeric and cross-linking regions have been shown to significantly impact their assembly and mechanical properties. However, to date, such studies are relatively limited. Here we present a theoretical study that examines the impact of domain architecture on polymer assembly and integrity. At the core of this study is a novel simulation environment that uses a model of diffusion limited aggregation to simulate the self-assembly of rod-like particles with alternating domain architectures. Applying the model to different domain architectures, we generate a variety of aggregates which are subsequently analysed by graph-theoretic metrics to predict their structural integrity. Our results show that the relative length and number of elastomeric and cross-linking domains can significantly impact the morphology and structural integrity of the resultant polymeric structure. For example, the most highly connected polymers were those constructed from asymmetric rods consisting of relatively large cross-linking elements interspersed with smaller elastomeric domains. In addition to providing insights into the evolution of elastomeric proteins, simulations such as those presented here may prove valuable for the tuneable design of new molecules that may be exploited as useful biomaterials. Elastomeric proteins such as elastin, resilin, abductin and wheat gluten represent a remarkable class of self-assembling proteins that provide properties of extensibility and elastic recoil. Although unrelated from an evolutionary viewpoint, these proteins nonetheless share a common sequence design involving highly repetitive elastomeric regions interspersed with elements capable of forming cross-links that help stabilize the formation of polymers. Attempts to explore the influence of domain architecture on the self-assembly and mechanical properties of elastomeric proteins at the molecular level have largely been hindered by a general lack of detailed structural information. Here we introduce a novel theoretical study based on random walks to simulate the self-assembly of elastomeric proteins. Applying this model, we explored the impact of different configurations of elastomeric and cross-linking elements on the stability of the resultant polymer. Through exploring the complex relationships between elastomeric domains, required to drive self-assembly, and cross-linking domains, required for structural integrity, results from these simulations provide insights into the molecular basis for the evolution of elastomeric proteins as well as help guide the rational design of novel elastomeric-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Song
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Parkinson
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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Shi J, Xing MMQ, Zhong W. Development of hydrogels and biomimetic regulators as tissue engineering scaffolds. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:70-90. [PMID: 24957963 PMCID: PMC4021879 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews major research and development issues relating to hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering, the article starts with a brief introduction of tissue engineering and hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics, followed by a description of the various types of hydrogels and preparation methods, before a discussion of the physical and chemical properties that are important to their application. There follows a short comment on the trends of future research and development. Throughout the discussion there is an emphasis on the genetic understanding of bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Shi
- Department of Textile Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Malcolm M Q Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Textile Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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10
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Rao SP, Meade SJ, Joyce NI, Healy JP, Sutton KH, Larsen NG, Gerrard JA. Amyloid fibril formation from crude protein mixtures. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1768-76. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hartmann MA, Dunlop JWC, Bréchet YJM, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. Trabecular bone remodelling simulated by a stochastic exchange of discrete bone packets from the surface. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:879-87. [PMID: 21616469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human bone is constantly renewed through life via the process of bone remodelling, in which individual packets of bone are removed by osteoclasts and replaced by osteoblasts. Remodelling is mechanically controlled, where osteocytes embedded within the bone matrix are thought to act as mechanical sensors. In this computational work, a stochastic model for bone remodelling is used in which the renewal of bone material occurs by exchange of discrete bone packets. We tested different hypotheses of how the mechanical stimulus for bone remodelling is integrated by osteocytes and sent to actor cells on the bone's surface. A collective (summed) signal from multiple osteocytes as opposed to an individual (maximal) signal from a single osteocyte was found to lead to lower inner porosity and surface roughness of the simulated bone structure. This observation can be interpreted in that collective osteocyte signalling provides an effective surface tension to the remodelling process. Furthermore, the material heterogeneity due to remodelling was studied on a network of trabeculae. As the model is discrete, the age of individual bone packets can be monitored with time. The simulation results were compared with experimental data coming from quantitative back scattered electron imaging by transforming the information about the age of the bone packet into a mineral content. Discrepancies with experiments indicate that osteoclasts preferentially resorb low mineralized, i.e. young, bone at the bone's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hartmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Leoben, Austria
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12
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Treatment of chronic disruption of the patellar tendon in Osteogenesis Imperfecta with allograft reconstruction. Knee 2011; 18:121-4. [PMID: 20591676 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of chronic disruption of the patellar tendon in a patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta. This patient was treated with a customized extensor mechanism allograft. Results were excellent at 5 years follow up. To our knowledge this treatment has not previously been published in this situation. We present this as a reliable treatment option.
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13
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Hang F, Barber AH. Nano-mechanical properties of individual mineralized collagen fibrils from bone tissue. J R Soc Interface 2010; 8:500-5. [PMID: 20961895 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) are distinct building blocks for bone material and perform an important mechanical function. A novel experimental technique using combined atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is used to manipulate and measure the mechanical properties of individual MCFs from antler, which is a representative bone tissue. The recorded stress-strain response of individual MCFs under tension shows an initial linear deformation region for all fibrils, followed by inhomogeneous deformation above a critical strain. This inhomogeneous deformation is indicative of fibrils exhibiting either yield or strain hardening and suggests possible mineral compositional changes within each fibril. A phenomenological model is used to describe the fibril nano-mechanical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hang
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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14
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Dunlop JWC, Hartmann MA, Bréchet YJ, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. New suggestions for the mechanical control of bone remodeling. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:45-54. [PMID: 19373504 PMCID: PMC2709883 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone is constantly renewed over our lifetime through the process of bone (re)modeling. This process is important for bone to allow it to adapt to its mechanical environment and to repair damage from everyday life. Adaptation is thought to occur through the mechanosensitive response controlling the bone-forming and -resorbing cells. This report shows a way to extract quantitative information about the way remodeling is controlled using computer simulations. Bone resorption and deposition are described as two separate stochastic processes, during which a discrete bone packet is removed or deposited from the bone surface. The responses of the bone-forming and -resorbing cells to local mechanical stimuli are described by phenomenological remodeling rules. Our strategy was to test different remodeling rules and to evaluate the time evolution of the trabecular architecture in comparison to what is known from micro-CT measurements of real bone. In particular, we tested the reaction of virtual bone to standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention of bone deterioration, i.e., physical activity and medications to reduce bone resorption. Insensitivity of the bone volume fraction to reductions in bone resorption was observed in the simulations only for a remodeling rule including an activation barrier for the mechanical stimulus above which bone deposition is switched on. This is in disagreement with the commonly used rules having a so-called lazy zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. C. Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M. A. Hartmann
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Y. J. Bréchet
- Groupe Physique du Métal, SIMAP/INPG, Domaine Universitaire de Grenoble, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - P. Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R. Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Ciarletta P, Ben Amar M. A finite dissipative theory of temporary interfibrillar bridges in the extracellular matrix of ligaments and tendons. J R Soc Interface 2008; 6:909-24. [PMID: 19106068 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural integrity and the biomechanical characteristics of ligaments and tendons result from the interactions between collagenous and non-collagenous proteins (e.g. proteoglycans, PGs) in the extracellular matrix. In this paper, a dissipative theory of temporary interfibrillar bridges in the anisotropic network of collagen type I, embedded in a ground substance, is derived. The glycosaminoglycan chains of decorin are assumed to mediate interactions between fibrils, behaving as viscous structures that transmit deformations outside the collagen molecules. This approach takes into account the dissipative effects of the unfolding preceding fibrillar elongation, together with the slippage of entire fibrils and the strain-rate-dependent damage evolution of the interfibrillar bridges. Thermodynamic consistency is used to derive the constitutive equations, and the transition state theory is applied to model the rearranging properties of the interfibrillar bridges. The constitutive theory is applied to reproduce the hysteretic spectrum of the tissues, demonstrating how PGs determine damage evolution, softening and non-recoverable strains in their cyclic mechanical response. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental response of ligaments and tendons from referenced studies. The relevance of the proposed model in mechanobiology research is discussed, together with several applications from medical practice to bioengineering science.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciarletta
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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16
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Zeugolis D, Paul R, Attenburrow G. Post-self-assembly experimentation on extruded collagen fibres for tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1646-56. [PMID: 18590987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extruded collagen fibres have been shown to constitute a biomimetic three-dimensional scaffold with numerous tissue engineering applications. The multi-step fabrication process of this material provides opportunities for further advancements to improve the properties of the final product. Herein we investigated the influence of the post-self-assembly washing baths on the structural, mechanical and thermal properties of these fibres. The surface morphology and the inter-fibre packing were similar for every treatment. The overnight incubation in isopropanol yielded fibres with the highest temperature and energy of denaturation (p<0.013). Typical s- and j-shape stress-strain curves were obtained for all treatments in the dry and wet state respectively. Rehydration of the fibres resulted in increased fibre diameter (p<0.006) and reduced stress (p<0.001), force (p<0.001) and modulus (p<0.002) values for every treatment. In the dry state, the alcohol-treated fibres were characterized by the highest stress (p<0.002) values; whilst in the wet state the Tris-HCl-treated fibres were the weakest (p<0.006). For every treatment, in both dry and wet state, a strong and inverse relationship between the fibre diameter and the stress at break was observed. Overall, the fibres produced were characterized by properties similar to those of native tissues.
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Abstract
Collagen, a molecule consisting of three braided protein helices, is the primary building block of many biological tissues including bone, tendon, cartilage, and skin. Staggered arrays of collagen molecules form fibrils, which arrange into higher-ordered structures such as fibers and fascicles. Because collagen plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of these tissues, significant theoretical research is directed toward developing models of the stiffness, strength, and toughness of collagen molecules and fibrils. Experimental data to guide the development of these models, however, are sparse and limited to small strain response. Using a microelectromechanical systems platform to test partially hydrated collagen fibrils under uniaxial tension, we obtained quantitative, reproducible mechanical measurements of the stress-strain curve of type I collagen fibrils, with diameters ranging from 150-470 nm. The fibrils showed a small strain (epsilon < 0.09) modulus of 0.86 +/- 0.45 GPa. Fibrils tested to strains as high as 100% demonstrated strain softening (sigma(yield) = 0.22 +/- 0.14 GPa; epsilon(yield) = 0.21 +/- 0.13) and strain hardening, time-dependent recoverable residual strain, dehydration-induced embrittlement, and susceptibility to cyclic fatigue. The results suggest that the stress-strain behavior of collagen fibrils is dictated by global characteristic dimensions as well as internal structure.
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Kuo SM, Wang YJ, Niu GCC, Lu HE, Chang SJ. Influences of hyaluronan on type II collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:1235-41. [PMID: 17701300 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect to the kinetics of type II collagen fibrillogenesis with the addition of hyaluronan (HA), (Mw of 1.8x10(6) Da), at various concentrations of HA (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 wt.%) for a series of fibril formation systems was examined in this study. Evidences deduced from the turbidity-time curves revealed that the inclusion of HA had minor or no impact to the fibrillogenesis of type II collagen (collagen conc. at 0.2 mg/mL). The apparent rate constants, klag (lag phase) increased slightly but kg (growth phase) decreased not very significantly with addition of HA, as compared to the case of pure collagen. This leads us to believe tentatively that, with the addition of HA to collagen solutions, the nucleation process of the fibril formation might have been sped up slightly whereas the growth process slowed up slightly. However, data from TEM observations on the resulting fibrils indicated that the presence of HA did not significantly affect the diameters and the characteristic D-banding periods of the collagen fiber formed. And, from the statistical analyses, we found only insignificant difference (P>0.05) between the specimens from the various experimental groups. It seems to indicate that the ultimate packing of collagen monomers was probably not interfered or affected significantly by the presence of HA in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
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19
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Kamoun-Goldrat AS. [Genetic collagen disorders and the impact on craniofacial development]. Orthod Fr 2007; 78:49-62. [PMID: 17571532 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr:2007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix molecules provide to tissues their mechanical properties and constitute a reservoir of local or regional signals that regulate cellular function. Collagens, the major components of osseous and collagenous matrices, have structural similarities, but are encoded by different genes. We describe here osteogenesis imperfecta, a collagen I, the principal constituent of bone, genetic disease, and its craniofacial implications. By comparing it with genetic disorders of cartilage collagen (Kniest and Stickler syndromes) we try to clarify the respective influences of these matrix molecules upon craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Kamoun-Goldrat
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université Rene Descartes Paris V, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France.
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Layton BE, Sastry AM. Equal and local-load-sharing micromechanical models for collagens: quantitative comparisons in response of non-diabetic and diabetic rat tissue. Acta Biomater 2006; 2:595-607. [PMID: 16905373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemical crosslinks in collagens resulting from binding of advanced glycation end-products, have long been presumed to alter the stiffness and permeability of glycated tissues. Recently, we developed a stochastic mechanical model for the response and failure of uniaxially deformed sciatic nerve tissue from diabetic and control rats. Here, we use our model to determine the likely correlation of fibril glycation with failure response, by quantifying statistical differences in their response. Our four-parameter model describes both the non-linear toe region and non-linear failure region of these tissues; the four parameters consist of (1) collagen fibril alignment, (2) fiber bundle waviness, (3) Weibull shape parameter for fibrillar strength, and (4) modulus-normalized Weibull scale parameter for fibrillar strength. Using an equal load sharing model we find that diabetic and control tissues had shape parameters of 9.88+/-5.50 and 4.33+/-3.67 (p=0.043), respectively, and scale parameters of 0.28+/-0.07 and 0.58+/-0.25 (p=0.033), respectively, implying that the diabetic tissue behaves in a more brittle manner, consistent with more highly crosslinked fibrils. We conclude that biochemical crosslinking directly affects measured mechanical properties. Further, this mechanical characterization may prove useful in mapping alterations in stiffness and permeability observed in glycated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Layton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ciarletta P, Micera S, Accoto D, Dario P. A novel microstructural approach in tendon viscoelastic modelling at the fibrillar level. J Biomech 2005; 39:2034-42. [PMID: 16214153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications in rehabilitation, surgery and tissue engineering require the knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the tissues at microstructural level. The aim of this work is to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the tendon from the interaction of its biological constituents in the fibrillar network. Traction, relaxation and creep in-vitro tests have been performed on porcine flexor digital tendons. A viscoelastic constitutive equation at finite deformation is presented. The fibrillar deformation modes are described through a network of adaptive links between collagen type I and decorin. The theoretical predictions fit accurately the experimental data. The results of the model demonstrate the mechanical importance of glycosaminoglycan chains of decorin for the differential recruitment and the activation of fibrillar collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciarletta
- CRIM Laboratory, Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e Perfezionamento Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.
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Layton BE, Sastry AM. A mechanical model for collagen fibril load sharing in peripheral nerve of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. J Biomech Eng 2005; 126:803-14. [PMID: 15796339 DOI: 10.1115/1.1824118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy affects approximately 50% of the 15 million Americans with diabetes. It has been suggested that mechanical effects related to collagen glycation are related to the permanence of neuropathy. In the present paper, we develop a model for load transfer in a whole nerve, using a simple pressure vessel approximation, in order to assess the significant of stiffening of the collagenous nerve sheath on endoneurial fluid pressure. We also develop a fibril-scale mechanics model for the nerve, to model the straightening of wavy fibrils, producing the toe region observed in nerve tissue, and also to interrogate the effects of interfibrillar crosslinks on the overall properties of the tissue. Such collagen crosslinking has been implicated in complications in diabetic tissues. Our fibril-scale model uses a two-parameter Weibull model for fibril strength, in combination with statistical parameters describing fibril modulus, angle, wave-amplitude, and volume fraction to capture both toe region and failure region behavior of whole rat sciatic nerve. The extrema of equal and local load-sharing assumptions are used to map potential differences in diabetic and nondiabetic tissues. This work may ultimately be useful in differentiating between the responses of normal and heavily crosslinked tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Layton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
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Weinkamer R, Hartmann MA, Brechet Y, Fratzl P. Stochastic lattice model for bone remodeling and aging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:228102. [PMID: 15601120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.228102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the remodeling process of trabecular bone inside a human vertebral body using a stochastic lattice model, in which the ability of living bone to adapt to mechanical stimuli is incorporated. Our simulations show the emergence of a networklike structure similar to real trabecular bone. With time, the bone volume fraction reaches a steady state. The microstructure, however, coarsens with a typical length in the system following a power law. The simulation results suggest that a coarsening of the trabecular structure should occur as a natural aging phenomenon, not related to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weinkamer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Fibrillar collagens have a long triple helix in which glycine is in every third position for more than 1000 amino acids. The three chains of these molecules are assembled with specificity into several different molecules that have tissue-specific distribution. Mutations that alter folding of either the carboxy-terminal globular peptides that direct chain association, or of the regions of the triple helix that are important for nucleation, or of the bulk of the triple helix, all result in identifiable genetic disorders in which the phenotype reflects the region of expression of the genes and their tissue-specific distribution. Mutations that result in changed amino-acid sequences in any of these regions have different effects on folding and may have different phenotypic outcomes. Substitution for glycine residues in the triple helical domains are among the most common effects of mutations, and the nature of the substituting residue and its location in the chain contribute to the effect on folding and also on the phenotype. More complex mutations, such as deletions or insertions of triple helix, also affect folding, probably because of alterations in helical pitch along the triple helix. These mutations all interfere with the ability of these molecules to form the characteristic fibrillar array in the extracellular matrix and many result in intracellular retention of abnormal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, Box 357470, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
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Lafrance H, Yahia L, Germain L, Auger FA. Mechanical properties of human skin equivalents submitted to cyclic tensile forces. Skin Res Technol 1998; 4:228-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.1998.tb00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chakravarti S, Magnuson T, Lass JH, Jepsen KJ, LaMantia C, Carroll H. Lumican regulates collagen fibril assembly: skin fragility and corneal opacity in the absence of lumican. J Cell Biol 1998; 141:1277-86. [PMID: 9606218 PMCID: PMC2137175 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.141.5.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1997] [Revised: 03/06/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumican, a prototypic leucine-rich proteoglycan with keratan sulfate side chains, is a major component of the cornea, dermal, and muscle connective tissues. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in lumican display skin laxity and fragility resembling certain types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. In addition, the mutant mice develop bilateral corneal opacification. The underlying connective tissue defect in the homozygous mutants is deregulated growth of collagen fibrils with a significant proportion of abnormally thick collagen fibrils in the skin and cornea as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. A highly organized and regularly spaced collagen fibril matrix typical of the normal cornea is also missing in these mutant mice. This study establishes a crucial role for lumican in the regulation of collagen assembly into fibrils in various connective tissues. Most importantly, these results provide a definitive link between a necessity for lumican in the development of a highly organized collagenous matrix and corneal transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4952, USA.
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