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Sandilya AA, Priya MH. The counteracting influence of 2-hydroxypropyl substitution and the presence of a guest molecule on the shape and size of the β-cyclodextrin cavity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11531-11544. [PMID: 38323885 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The aqueous solubility of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cyclic carbohydrate comprising seven α-D-glucose molecules, is enhanced by 2-hydroxypropyl (2-HP) substitution of the hydroxyl groups at the CD rims. Our thorough analysis of the structural and solvation properties with different degrees of 2-hydroxypropyl substitution on β-CD using molecular dynamics simulations reveals that the solubility is enhanced at the cost of the structural distortion of the CD cyclic structure. Substitution at the secondary rim predominantly enhances the favourable interactions between CD and water by decreasing CD-CD hydrogen bonding and promoting CD-water hydrogen bonding. However, the effect of substitution at the primary rim on the CD-water interactions is minimal; the hydrogen bonds between water and the primary hydroxyl group in native CD merely get replaced by those between water and 2-HP, since the substitution makes the primary hydroxyl oxygen (O6 atom) inaccessible to water. In contrast, substitution at the primary rim maintains the structural integrity of CD, while substitution at the secondary rim results in structural distortion due to the disruption of the intramolecular hydrogen bond belt, even leading to cavity closure. Certain strategic substitutions of the primary hydroxyl groups can help in the reduction of structural distortion, depending upon the degree of substitution at the secondary hydroxyl rim. A detailed inspection of the simulation trajectory revealed that the tilting of glucose units with the primary hydroxyl oxygen (O6) pointing inward is the primary driver for cavity closure. Even though the dynamics of glucose tilting can influence the kinetics of host-guest complex formation, once the guest is well incorporated into the cavity, glucose tilting is inhibited and the cavity opens up as in native β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilasha A Sandilya
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - M Hamsa Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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2
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A Current Overview of Cyclodextrin-Based Nanocarriers for Enhanced Antifungal Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121447. [PMID: 36558897 PMCID: PMC9785708 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are an extremely serious health problem, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems. Most antifungal agents have low aqueous solubility, which may hamper their bioavailability. Their complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) could increase the solubility of antifungals, facilitating their antifungal efficacy. Nanoparticulate systems are promising carriers for antifungal delivery due to their ability to overcome the drawbacks of conventional dosage forms. CD-based nanocarriers could form beneficial combinations of CDs and nanoparticulate platforms. These systems have synergistic or additive effects regarding improved drug loading, enhanced chemical stability, and enhanced drug permeation through membranes, thereby increasing the bioavailability of drugs. Here, an application of CD in antifungal drug formulations is reviewed. CD-based nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanofibers, and in situ gels, enhancing antifungal activity in a controlled-release manner and possessing good toxicological profiles, are described. Additionally, the examples of current, updated CD-based nanocarriers loaded with antifungal drugs for delivery by various routes of administration are discussed and summarized.
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Sheng TM, Kumar PV. A New Approach for β-Cyclodextrin Conjugated Drug Delivery System in Cancer Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:266-300. [PMID: 34620064 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211006103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic starch molecules discovered a decade ago, in which α-, β-, and γ-CD were commonly used. They originally acted as pharmaceutical excipients to enhance the aqueous solubility and alter the physicochemical properties of drugs that fall under class II and IV categories according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BPS). The industrial significance of CDs became apparent during the 1970s as scientists started to discover more of CD's potential in chemical modifications and the formation of inclusion complexes. CDs can help in masking and prolonging the half-life of drugs used in cancer. Multiple optimization techniques were discovered to prepare the derivatives of CDs and increase their complexation and drug delivery efficiency. In recent years, due to the advancement of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical sectors, there has been growing interest in CDs. This review mainly focuses on the formulation of cyclodextrin conjugated nanocarriers using graphenes, carbon nanotubes, nanosponges, hydrogels, dendrimers, and polymers to achieve drug-release characteristics specific to cells. These approaches benefit the discovery of novel anti-cancer treatments, solubilization of new drug compounds, and cell specific drug delivery properties. Due to these unique properties of CDs, they are essential in achieving and enhancing tumor-specific cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Meng Sheng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, Taman Connaught, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
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5
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Cai P, Gao Z, Yin X, Luo Y, Zhao X, Pan Y. Facile enantioseparation and recognition of mandelic acid and its derivatives in self‐assembly interaction with chiral ionic liquids. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3589-3598. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cai
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Luo
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
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Zhang Y, He L, Li X, Wang Y, Xie J, Lee JT, Armstrong DW. Selective Depletion of Chiral 4-Hydroxypraziquantel Metabolites in Three Types of Aquaculture Fish by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4098-4104. [PMID: 30924675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rise of aquaculture has necessitated the use of antibiotics and other agents in these densely populated and often closed environments. An enantioselective depletion study of four chiral 4-hydroxypraziquantel metabolites (4-OH-PZQ) in perch, tilapia, and ricefield-eel muscles was done using a simple, sensitive, and reliable liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. These metabolites result from the uptake of the drug praziquantel (PZQ), which is used in aquaculture. A novel strategy of using a C18 short column in tandem with a chiral hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin superficially porous particle (CDShell-RSP) column produced the optimal separation for both the enantiomers and diastereoisomers of 4-OH-PZQ. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1-250 μg L-1 ( r2 ≥ 0.99) for R- trans-4-OH-PZQ, S- trans-4-OH-PZQ, R- cis-4-OH-PZQ, and S- cis-4-OH-PZQ. The average recoveries of four analytes at three spiked levels of 1, 10, and 100 μg kg-1 ranged from 84.2 to 93.1%, and the intraday and interday relative standard deviations were less than 7.9%. The limits of quantification of the four 4-OH-PZQ metabolites in perch-, tilapia-, and ricefield-eel-muscle matrices were 1.0 μg kg-1. The method was utilized to monitor the depletion of trans- and cis-4-OH-PZQ enantiomers in perch, tilapia, and ricefield-eel muscle following oral administration (medicine bath for ricefield eel). Species-specific differences in the PZQ metabolism of isomers were observed. In addition, new metabolites of PZQ were observed: 3-hydroxypraziquantel diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Limin He
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Xuezhi Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Yadi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
| | - Jingmeng Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | | | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
- AZYP LLC , Arlington , Texas 76019 , United States
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7
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Fanali C, D'Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Analysis of Enantiomers in Products of Food Interest. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061119. [PMID: 30901832 PMCID: PMC6472275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers has been started in the past and continues to be a topic of great interest in various fields of research, mainly because these compounds could be involved in biological processes such as, for example, those related to human health. Great attention has been devoted to studies for the analysis of enantiomers present in food products in order to assess authenticity and safety. The separation of these compounds can be carried out utilizing analytical techniques such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and other methods. The separation is performed mainly employing chromatographic columns containing particles modified with chiral selectors (CS). Among the CS used, modified polysaccharides, glycopeptide antibiotics, and cyclodextrins are currently applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Istituto per I Sistemi Biologici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km 29, 300-00015 Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Saokham P, Muankaew C, Jansook P, Loftsson T. Solubility of Cyclodextrins and Drug/Cyclodextrin Complexes. Molecules 2018; 23:E1161. [PMID: 29751694 PMCID: PMC6099580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs), a group of oligosaccharides formed by glucose units bound together in a ring, show a promising ability to form complexes with drug molecules and improve their physicochemical properties without molecular modifications. The stoichiometry of drug/CD complexes is most frequently 1:1. However, natural CDs have a tendency to self-assemble and form aggregates in aqueous media. CD aggregation can limit their solubility. Through derivative formation, it is possible to enhance their solubility and complexation capacity, but this depends on the type of substituent and degree of substitution. Formation of water-soluble drug/CD complexes can increase drug permeation through biological membranes. To maximize drug permeation the amount of added CD into pharmaceutical preparation has to be optimized. However, solubility of CDs, especially that of natural CDs, is affected by the complex formation. The presence of pharmaceutical excipients, such as water-soluble polymers, preservatives, and surfactants, can influence the solubilizing abilities of CDs, but this depends on the excipients' physicochemical properties. The competitive CD complexation of drugs and excipients has to be considered during formulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phennapha Saokham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Chutimon Muankaew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, 38 Petchkasem Road, Phasi Charoen District, Bangkok 10160, Thailand.
| | - Phatsawee Jansook
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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10
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He L, Gao F, Li E, Tzuoh Lee J, Bian L, Armstrong DW. Chromatographic separation of racemic praziquantel and its residual determination in perch by LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2017; 174:380-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Chiral separation of mandelic acid enantiomers using an aqueous two-phase system based on a thermo-sensitive polymer and dextran. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Frink LA, Berthod A, Xu QL, Gao H, Kurti L, Armstrong DW. Separation of 2-naphthol atropisomers on cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1234395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian A. Frink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Alain Berthod
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laszló Kurti
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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13
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Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–graphene oxide conjugates: Carriers for anti-cancer drugs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:681-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Dolzan MD, Shu Y, Smuts JP, Petersen H, Ellegaard P, Micke GA, Armstrong DW, Breitbach ZS. Enantiomeric separation of citalopram analogues by HPLC using macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclodextrin based chiral stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1141363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jonathan P. Smuts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Tabani H, Mahyari M, Sahragard A, Fakhari AR, Shaabani A. Evaluation of sulfated maltodextrin as a novel anionic chiral selector for the enantioseparation of basic chiral drugs by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:305-11. [PMID: 25262990 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introducing a new class of chiral selectors is an interesting work and this issue is still one of the hot topics in separation science and chirality. In this study, for the first time, sulfated maltodextrin (MD) was synthesized as a new anionic chiral selector and then it was successfully applied for the enantioseparation of five basic drugs (amlodipine, hydroxyzine, fluoxetine, tolterodine, and tramadol) as model chiral compounds using CE. This chiral selector has two recognition sites: a helical structure and a sulfated group which contribute to three corresponding driving forces; inclusion complexation, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen binding. Under the optimized condition (buffer solution: 50 mM phosphate (pH 3.0) and 2% w/v sulfated MD; applied voltage: 18 kV; temperature: 20°C), baseline enantioseparation was observed for all mentioned chiral drugs. When instead of sulfated MD neutral MD was used under the same condition, no enantioseparation was observed which means the resolution power of sulfated MD is higher than neutral MD due to the electrostatic interaction between sulfated groups and protonated chiral drugs. Also, the countercurrent mobility of negatively charged MD (sulfated MD) allows more interactions between the chiral selector and chiral drugs and this in turn results in a successful resolution for the enantiomers. Furthermore, a higher concentration of neutral MD (approximately five times) is necessary to achieve the equivalent resolution compared with the negatively charged MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tabani
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Weatherly CA, Na YC, Nanayakkara YS, Woods RM, Sharma A, Lacour J, Armstrong DW. Reprint of: Enantiomeric separation of functionalized ethano-bridged Tröger bases using macrocyclic cyclofructan and cyclodextrin chiral selectors in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with application of principal component analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals in biomedical and environmental analyses by liquid chromatography: An overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Sumina EG, Shtykov SN, Sorokina ON, Uglanova VZ. Liquid chromatography of some steroid hormones in aqueous-organic, micellar, and cyclodextrin mobile phases. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tabani H, Fakhari AR, Nojavan S. Maltodextrins as chiral selectors in CE: molecular structure effect of basic chiral compounds on the enantioseparation. Chirality 2014; 26:620-8. [PMID: 25065695 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of chiral separation for a compound using a chiral selector is an interesting and debatable work. For this purpose, in this study 23 chiral basic drugs with different chemical structures were selected as model solutes and the influence of their chemical structures on the enantioseparation in the presence of maltodextrin (MD) as chiral selector was investigated. For chiral separation, a 100-mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.0) containing 10% (w/v) MD with dextrose equivalent (DE) of 4-7 as chiral selector at the temperature of 25°C and voltage of 20 kV was used. Under this condition, baseline separation was achieved for nine chiral compounds and partial separation was obtained for another six chiral compounds while no enantioseparation was obtained for the remaining eight compounds. The results showed that the existence of at least two aromatic rings or cycloalkanes and an oxygen or nitrogen atom or -CN group directly bonded to the chiral center are necessary for baseline separation. With the obtained results in this study, chiral separation of a chiral compound can be estimated with MD-modified capillary electrophoresis before analysis. This prediction will minimize the number of preliminary experiments required to resolve enantiomers and will save time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tabani
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Evin, Tehran, I.R., Iran
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20
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Porrà, Quaglia MG, Fanali S. Determination of fenfluramine enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Weatherly CA, Na YC, Nanayakkara YS, Woods RM, Sharma A, Lacour J, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric separation of functionalized ethano-bridged Tröger bases using macrocyclic cyclofructan and cyclodextrin chiral selectors in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with application of principal component analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 955-956:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Enantiomeric separation of isochromene derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography using cyclodextrin based stationary phases and principal component analysis of the separation data. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1305:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Elbashir AA, Dsugi NFA, Mohmed TOM, Aboul-Enein HY. Spectrofluorometric analytical applications of cyclodextrins. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A. Elbashir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Khartoum; Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | - Nuha Fathi Ali Dsugi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Khartoum; Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | | | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo 12311 Egypt
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Del Bubba M, Checchini L, Cincinelli A, Lepri L. Enantioseparations by thin-layer chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:29-43. [PMID: 23283769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An up-to-date overview of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniques for chiral separations of various significant and/or recent examples of enantioresolutions is reported. Furthermore, examples for chiral separations obtained on achiral commercially available C18 TLC plates are described in detail. These include the enantioseparation of methylthiohydantoin-phenylalanine and methylthiohydantoin-tyrosine using hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive and the separation of the enantiomers of warfarin and p-chlorowarfarin using bovine serum albumin as mobile phase additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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25
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Perera S, Na YC, Doundoulakis T, Ngo VJ, Feng Q, Breitbach ZS, Lovely CJ, Armstrong DW. The Enantiomeric Separation of Tetrahydrobenzimidazoles Cyclodextrins- and Cyclofructans. Chirality 2012; 25:133-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirantha Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Yun-Cheol Na
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- Seoul Center; Korea Basic Science Institute; 126-16 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu Seoul 136-713 South Korea
| | - Thomas Doundoulakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Victor J. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- AZYP LLC; 700 Planetarium Place; Arlington TX USA
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- AZYP LLC; 700 Planetarium Place; Arlington TX USA
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Zhang Y, Smuts JP, Dodbiba E, Rangarajan R, Lang JC, Armstrong DW. Degradation study of carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) assessed using HPLC. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9305-14. [PMID: 22881034 DOI: 10.1021/jf302179c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary, whose major caffeoyl-derived and diterpenoid ingredients are rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and carnosic acid, is an important source of natural antioxidants and is being recognized increasingly as a useful preservative, protectant, and even as a potential medicinal agent. Understanding the stability of these components and their mode of interaction in mixtures is important if they are to be utilized to greatest effect. A study of the degradation of rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, and a mixture of the three was conducted in ethanolic solutions at different temperatures and light exposure. As expected, degradation increased with temperature. Some unique degradation products were formed with exposure to light. Several degradation products were reported for the first time. The degradation products were identified by HPLC/MS/MS, UV, and NMR. The degradation of rosemary extract in fish oil also was investigated, and much slower rates of degradation were observed for carnosic acid. In the mixture of the three antioxidants, carnosic acid serves to maintain levels of carnosol, though it does so at least in part at the cost of its own degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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27
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Sun P, Wang C, Padivitage NLT, Nanayakkara YS, Perera S, Qiu H, Zhang Y, Armstrong DW. Evaluation of aromatic-derivatized cyclofructans 6 and 7 as HPLC chiral selectors. Analyst 2011; 136:787-800. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Zhang Y, Armstrong DW. 4,6-Di-O-pentyl-3-O-trifluoroacetyl/propionyl cyclofructan stationary phases for gas chromatographic enantiomeric separations. Analyst 2011; 136:2931-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zheng YP, Mo JY. Enantiomeric separation of epinephrine and salbutamol by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using β-cyclodextrin as chiral additive. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Breitbach ZS, Feng Q, Koswatta PB, Dodbiba E, Lovely CJ, Armstrong DW. The enantiomeric separation of 4,5-disubstituted imidazoles by HPLC and CE using cyclodextrin-based chiral selectors. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.506545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Breitbach
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
| | - Qing Feng
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
| | - Panduka B. Koswatta
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
| | - Edra Dodbiba
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , 76019 , USA
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31
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Tong MY, Payagala T, Perera S, MacDonnell FM, Armstrong DW. Study of a new chiral selector: Sodium arsenyl-(l)-(+) tartrate for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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6-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-β-CD as a chiral selector for nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separation of chiral drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-009-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Synthesis and examination of sulfated cyclofructans as a novel class of chiral selectors for CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3897-909. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Chen B, Du Y, Li P. Investigation of enantiomeric separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using clindamycin phosphate as a novel chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2747-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Yang J, Lu X, Bi Y, Qin F, Li F. Chiral Separation of Duloxetine and Its R-Enantiomer by LC. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Duncan JD, Armstrong DW, Stalcup AM. Normal Phase TLC Separation of Enantiomers Using Chiral Ion Interaction Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919008049236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Huang MB, Li GL, Yang GS, Shi YH, Gao JJ, Liu XD. Enantiomeric Separation of Aromatic Amino Alcohol Drugs By Chiral Ion-Pair Chromatography On A Silica Gel Plate. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708010990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Bing Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Gao-Lan Li
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Hao Shi
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Jun Gao
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang-De Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Shandong University , Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
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38
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Lepri L, Del Bubba M, Coas V, Cincinelli A. REVERSED-PHASE PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY OF RACEMIC FLAVANONES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lepri
- a Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Environmental Analytical Chemistry , University of Florence , Via G. Capponi, 9, Florence , 50121 , Italy
| | - M. Del Bubba
- a Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Environmental Analytical Chemistry , University of Florence , Via G. Capponi, 9, Florence , 50121 , Italy
| | - V. Coas
- a Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Environmental Analytical Chemistry , University of Florence , Via G. Capponi, 9, Florence , 50121 , Italy
| | - A. Cincinelli
- a Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Environmental Analytical Chemistry , University of Florence , Via G. Capponi, 9, Florence , 50121 , Italy
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39
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Aboul-Enein HY, El-Awady MI, Heard CM. ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION OF AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE, ACETYL AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE, AND DANSYL AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE BY TLC WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN AND DERIVATIVES AS MOBILE PHASE ADDITIVES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- a Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, Biological and Medical Research Department (MBC-03) , King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud I. El-Awady
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charles M. Heard
- c Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University , Cardiff, CF1 3XF, UK
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Matthijs N, Maftouh M, Vander Heyden Y. Chiral separation strategy in polar organic solvent chromatography and performance comparison with normal-phase liquid and supercritical-fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1353-62. [PMID: 16894779 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A strategy, including a rapid screening and several optimisation steps, for the separation of chiral molecules of pharmaceutical interest by polar organic solvent chromatography (POSC), using four polysaccharide-based stationary phases, is proposed and compared with previously reported strategies in normal-phase (NPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In a first part of this paper, different examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the POSC strategy for fast method development. Optimisation is based on the use of experimental design to map the experimental domain in an efficient way. In the second part, the best screening results, obtained after performance of earlier defined chromatographic screening strategies in NPLC and SFC, are compared to those obtained in POSC. The three techniques show complementary separation results and allowed baseline separation of 23 of 25 compounds. POSC is found to be a very interesting separation mode compared to NPLC, because of the many fast (< 10 min) baseline separations obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Matthijs
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Deñola NL, Quiming NS, Catabay AP, Saito Y, Jinno K. Optimization of capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation for basic drugs with native β-CD as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2367-75. [PMID: 16718718 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the advantages of the 20 microm inner diameter (id) capillary for the enantioseparation of ten basic drugs with native beta-CD as the chiral selector. The apparent binding constants of each enantiomeric pair were determined to calculate the optimum beta-CD concentration ([beta-CD]opt) and the optimization was subsequently carried out. Comparison of the 20 microm id with 50 microm id were made in terms of the results obtained in the optimization and detection limits. Applying the optimum conditions for each compound, reproducible results (RSD from 0-3; n>5) were obtained for the 20 microm id capillary. Although the sensitivity is lower in the 20 microm id capillary, the LOD determined using this capillary is still found to be acceptable for the ten basic drugs studied. Enhanced resolution and faster analysis times were the main advantages observed with the use of this capillary in enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa L Deñola
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
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42
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Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D, Matthijs N, Perrin C. 18 Chiral separations. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(05)80062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Wei Y, Li J, Zhu C, Hao A, Zhao M. 2-O-(2-Hydroxybutyl)-.BETA.-cyclodextrin as a Chiral Selector for the Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Chiral Drugs. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:959-62. [PMID: 16122168 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) derivative, 2-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-beta-CD (HB-beta-CD), was successfully synthesized and used as chiral selector in capillary zone electrophoresis. Six chiral drugs, such as anisodamine, ketoconazole, propranolol, promethazine, adrenaline and chlorphenamine enantiomers, belonging to different classes of compounds of pharmaceutical interest were resolved. The chiral resolution (R(S)) was strongly influenced by the concentrations of the cyclodextrin derivative, the background electrolyte, and the pH of the background electrolyte. Under the conditions of 50 mmol/L tris-phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 5 mmol/L 2-O-(2-hydroxybutyl)-beta-CD, the baseline separation of enantiomers, such as anisodamine (R(S) = 3.10), ketoconazole (R(S) = 3.01), propranolol (R(S) = 3.87), promethazine (R(S) = 3.63), adrenaline (R(S) = 3.42) and chlorphenamine (R(S) = 2.96), could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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44
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Desiderio C, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Raggi MA, Fanali S. Use of vancomycin silica stationary phase in packed capillary electrochromatography. Part IV: Enantiomer separation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine employing UV high sensitivity detection cell. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021101)25:15/17<1291::aid-jssc1291>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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46
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Abstract
The chiral recognition of hydroxypropylated, dimethylated, and sulfated cyclodextrins was evaluated by utilizing them as chiral additives in capillary electrophoresis. Although each selector yielded enantiomeric separations of most of the target analytes, differences were observed in the electrophoretic results for the different derivatized cyclodextrins and for additives having varying degrees of substitution. The results for the sulfated cyclodextrins also highlighted the importance of knowing the degree of substitution as well as the location of the substituents when comparing chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Phinney
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
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47
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Watanabe S, Kawahara M, Miura K, Aso I. Separation and control of the elution order of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids D/L isomers by reversed-phase HPLC using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for the mobile phase. ANAL SCI 2002; 18:73-6. [PMID: 11817733 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric resolution of N-t-butyloxycarbonyl (N-t-Boc) amino acids D/L isomers by reversed-phase HPLC was investigated using cyclodextrins (CD's) as chiral selectors for the mobile phase. The use of a low pH (pH<4) for the mobile phase enabled the enantioseparation of N-t-Boc amino acids. The opposite elution order of D/L isomers was observed when hydroxypropyl-derivatized beta-CD was used instead of native beta-CD. A computer simulation of the enantioseparation showed that the ratio of the retention factors of the chiral selector and the sample determined the elution order and the resolution. When the retention factor of the chiral selector is smaller than that of the sample, an isomer having larger complex formation constant eluted faster. However, when the chiral selector had a larger retention factor than the sample, an opposite elution order of the isomers was obtained. The large difference in the retention factors between the chiral selector and the sample led to good enantiomeric separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Watanabe
- RC Research Laboratory, Toyama Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Chiral separation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques. A review. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2001; 22:291-336. [PMID: 11835252 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a survey of different chiral separation principles and their use in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) highlighting new developments and innovative techniques. The mechanisms of the different separation principles are briefly discussed and some selected applications are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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49
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Fanali S, Cartoni C, Aturki Z. Enantioseparation ofS-carboxymethylcysteine andN-acetamidocarboxymethylcysteine by capillary electrophoresis using vancomycin. J Sep Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20010901)24:9<789::aid-jssc789>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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