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Guo L, Zhao J, An Z, Kim S, Kim J, Yu Y, Middelberg A, Bi J, Marković M, Kim JK, Yoo PJ, Choe WS. Harnessing Liquid Crystal Sensors for High-Throughput Real-Time Detection of Structural Changes in Lysozyme during Refolding Processes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17603-17612. [PMID: 37973790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid advances in process analytical technology, the assessment of protein refolding efficiency has largely relied on off-line protein-specific assays and/or chromatographic procedures such as reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. Due to the inherent time gap pertaining to traditional methods, exploring optimum refolding conditions for many recombinant proteins, often expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, has proven challenging. The present study describes a novel protein refolding sensor that utilizes liquid crystals (LCs) to discriminate varying protein structures during unfolding and refolding. An LC layer containing 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) intercalated with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) is used as a sensing platform, and its proof-of-concept performance is demonstrated using lysozyme as a model protein. As proteins unfold or refold, a local charge fluctuation at their surfaces modulates their interaction with zwitterionic phospholipid DOPE. This alters the alignment of DOPE molecules at the aqueous/LC interface, affecting the orientational ordering of bulk LC (i.e., homeotropic to planar for refolding and planar to homeotropic for unfolding). Differential polarized optical microscope images of the LC layer are subsequently generated, whose brightness directly linked to conformational changes of lysozyme molecules is quantified by gray scale analysis. Importantly, our LC-based refolding sensor is compatible with diverse refolding milieus for real-time analysis of lysozyme refolding and thus likely to facilitate the refolding studies of many proteins, especially those lacking a method to determine structure-dependent biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Zongfu An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sieun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anton Middelberg
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Marijana Marković
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil J Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Choe
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tully M, Hauptstein N, Licha K, Meinel L, Lühmann T, Haag R. Linear Polyglycerol for N-terminal-selective Modification of Interleukin-4. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1642-1651. [PMID: 34728175 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation to biologics is of key interest to the pharmaceutical industry for the development of potent and long acting biotherapeutics, with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) being the gold standard. Within the last years, unwanted PEG-related side effects (immunological reactions, antibody formation) arose, therefore creating several attempts to establish alternative polymers with similar potential to PEG. In this article, we synthesized N-terminal bioconjugates of the potential therapeutic human interleukin-4 (hIL-4 WT) with linear polyglycerol (LPG) of 10 and 40 kDa and compared it with its PEG analogs of same nominal weights. Polyglycerol is a highly hydrophilic polymer with good biocompatibility and therefore represents an alternative polymer to PEG. Both polymer types resulted in similar conjugation yields, comparable hydrodynamic sizes and an unaltered secondary structure of the protein after modification. LPG- and PEG-bioconjugates remained stable in human plasma, whereas binding to human serum albumin (HSA) decreased after polymer modification. Furthermore, only minor differences in bioactivity were observed between LPG- and PEG-bioconjugates of same nominal weights. The presented findings are promising for future pharmacokinetic evaluation of hIL-4-polymer bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tully
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Niklas Hauptstein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin Germany.
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3
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Singh SM, Furman R, Singh RK, Balakrishnan G, Chennamsetty N, Tao L, Li Z. Size exclusion chromatography for the characterization and quality control of biologics. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1979582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ran Furman
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Li Tao
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Wei J, Liu Y, Song F. Coarse-grained simulation of the translational and rotational diffusion of globular proteins by dissipative particle dynamics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:234902. [PMID: 33353321 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With simplified interactions and degrees of freedom, coarse-grained (CG) simulations have been successfully applied to study the translational and rotational diffusion of proteins in solution. However, in order to reach larger lengths and longer timescales, many CG simulations employ an oversimplified model for proteins or an implicit-solvent model in which the hydrodynamic interactions are ignored, and thus, the real kinetics are more or less unfaithful. In this work, we develop a CG model based on the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) that can be universally applied to different types of proteins. The proteins are modeled as a group of rigid DPD beads without conformational changes. The fluids (including solvent and ions) are also modeled as DPD beads. The electrostatic interactions between charged species are explicitly considered by including charge distributions on DPD particles. Moreover, a surface friction between the protein and fluid beads is applied to control the slip boundary condition. With this model, we investigate the self-diffusion of a single globular protein in bulk solution. The translational and rotational diffusion coefficients of the protein can be tuned by the surface frictional constant to fit the predictions of the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation. We find that both translational and rotational diffusion coefficients that meet with the prediction of the SE relation based on experimental results of the hydrodynamic radius are reached at almost the same frictional constant for different types of proteins. Such scaling behavior indicates that the model can be applied to simulate the translational and rotational diffusion together for various types of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Scheidt T, Kartanas T, Peter Q, Schneider MM, Saar KL, Müller T, Challa PK, Levin A, Devenish S, Knowles TPJ. Multidimensional protein characterisation using microfluidic post-column analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2663-2673. [PMID: 32588855 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of proteins is dictated by the formation of supra-molecular complexes that act as the basic machinery of the cell. As such, measuring the properties of protein species in heterogeneous mixtures is of key importance for understanding the molecular basis of biological function. Here, we describe the combination of analytical microfluidic tools with liquid chromatography for multidimensional characterisation of biomolecules in complex mixtures in the solution phase. Following chromatographic separation, a small fraction of the flow-through is distributed to multiple microfluidic devices for analysis. The microfluidic device developed here allows the simultaneous determination of the hydrodynamic radius, electrophoretic mobility, effective molecular charge and isoelectric point of isolated protein species. We demonstrate the operation principle of this approach with a mixture of three unlabelled model proteins varying in size and charge. We further extend the analytical potential of the presented approach by analysing a mixture of interacting streptavidin with biotinylated BSA and fluorophores, which form a mixture of stable complexes with diverse biophysical properties and stoichiometries. The presented microfluidic device positioned in-line with liquid chromatography presents an advanced tool for characterising multidimensional physical properties of proteins in biological samples to further understand the assembly/disassembly mechanism of proteins and the nature of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Scheidt
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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6
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Lysozyme uptake into pharmaceutical grade fucoidan/chitosan polyelectrolyte multilayers under physiological conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:555-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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7
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Sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation significantly improve the performance of alginate-grafted Sepharose FF for protein chromatography. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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8
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Protein adsorption to poly(ethylenimine)-modified Sepharose FF: VI. Partial charge neutralization drastically increases uptake rate. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Waespy M, Gbem TT, Elenschneider L, Jeck AP, Day CJ, Hartley-Tassell L, Bovin N, Tiralongo J, Haselhorst T, Kelm S. Carbohydrate Recognition Specificity of Trans-sialidase Lectin Domain from Trypanosoma congolense. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004120. [PMID: 26474304 PMCID: PMC4608562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen different active Trypanosoma congolense trans-sialidases (TconTS), 11 variants of TconTS1 besides TconTS2, TconTS3 and TconTS4, have been described. Notably, the specific transfer and sialidase activities of these TconTS differ by orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domains (CD) grouped each of the highly active TconTS together with the less active enzymes. In contrast, when aligning lectin-like domains (LD), the highly active TconTS grouped together, leading to the hypothesis that the LD of TconTS modulates its enzymatic activity. So far, little is known about the function and ligand specificity of these LDs. To explore their carbohydrate-binding potential, glycan array analysis was performed on the LD of TconTS1, TconTS2, TconTS3 and TconTS4. In addition, Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR experiments were done on TconTS2-LD for a more detailed analysis of its lectin activity. Several mannose-containing oligosaccharides, such as mannobiose, mannotriose and higher mannosylated glycans, as well as Gal, GalNAc and LacNAc containing oligosaccharides were confirmed as binding partners of TconTS1-LD and TconTS2-LD. Interestingly, terminal mannose residues are not acceptor substrates for TconTS activity. This indicates a different, yet unknown biological function for TconTS-LD, including specific interactions with oligomannose-containing glycans on glycoproteins and GPI anchors found on the surface of the parasite, including the TconTS itself. Experimental evidence for such a scenario is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thaddeus T. Gbem
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Leroy Elenschneider
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - André-Philippe Jeck
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Różycka M, Wojtas M, Jakób M, Stigloher C, Grzeszkowiak M, Mazur M, Ożyhar A. Intrinsically disordered and pliable Starmaker-like protein from medaka (Oryzias latipes) controls the formation of calcium carbonate crystals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114308. [PMID: 25490041 PMCID: PMC4260845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish otoliths, biominerals composed of calcium carbonate with a small amount of organic matrix, are involved in the functioning of the inner ear. Starmaker (Stm) from zebrafish (Danio rerio) was the first protein found to be capable of controlling the formation of otoliths. Recently, a gene was identified encoding the Starmaker-like (Stm-l) protein from medaka (Oryzias latipes), a putative homologue of Stm and human dentine sialophosphoprotein. Although there is no sequence similarity between Stm-l and Stm, Stm-l was suggested to be involved in the biomineralization of otoliths, as had been observed for Stm even before. The molecular properties and functioning of Stm-l as a putative regulatory protein in otolith formation have not been characterized yet. A comprehensive biochemical and biophysical analysis of recombinant Stm-l, along with in silico examinations, indicated that Stm-l exhibits properties of a coil-like intrinsically disordered protein. Stm-l possesses an elongated and pliable structure that is able to adopt a more ordered and rigid conformation under the influence of different factors. An in vitro assay of the biomineralization activity of Stm-l indicated that Stm-l affected the size, shape and number of calcium carbonate crystals. The functional significance of intrinsically disordered properties of Stm-l and the possible role of this protein in controlling the formation of calcium carbonate crystals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Różycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wojtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Jakób
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mikołaj Grzeszkowiak
- NanoBioMedical Centre and Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Saremirad P, Wood JA, Zhang Y, Ray AK. Oxidative protein refolding on size exclusion chromatography at high loading concentrations: Fundamental studies and mathematical modeling. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Kono H, Otaka F, Ozaki M. Preparation and characterization of guar gum hydrogels as carrier materials for controlled protein drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:830-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Saremirad P, Wood JA, Zhang Y, Ray AK. Multi-variable operational characteristic studies of on-column oxidative protein refolding at high loading concentrations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Kono H. Characterization and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels crosslinked by polyethylene glycol. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 106:84-93. [PMID: 24721054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel hydrogels were prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt by crosslinking with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE). The detailed structures of the hydrogels were determined via FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopic analyses. Increasing the feed ratio of PEGDE to CMC in the reaction mixture led to an increase in the crosslinking degree, which enhanced the physical strength of the hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited enzyme degradability, and after 3 days of incubation with cellulase, 62-28 wt% of the CMC in the hydrogel was degraded under the conditions employed in this study. In addition, the hydrogels exhibited protein adsorption and release abilities, and the amounts of proteins adsorbed on the hydrogels and the release profile of the proteins depended on the protein sizes and crosslinking degree of the hydrogels. These unique properties might enable the use of CMC-based hydrogels as drug delivery system carriers for protein-based drugs if the biological safety of the hydrogel can be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Department of Science and Engineering for Materials, Tomakomai National College of Technology, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan.
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15
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Coquebert de Neuville B, Tarafder A, Morbidelli M. Distributed pore model for bio-molecule chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Molecular architecture of the human protein deacetylase Sirt1 and its regulation by AROS and resveratrol. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20120121. [PMID: 23548308 PMCID: PMC3654483 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases regulating metabolism, stress responses and ageing processes. Among the seven mammalian Sirtuins, Sirt1 is the physiologically best-studied isoform. It regulates nuclear functions such as chromatin remodelling and gene transcription, and it appears to mediate beneficial effects of a low calorie diet which can partly be mimicked by the Sirt1 activating polyphenol resveratrol. The molecular details of Sirt1 domain architecture and regulation, however, are little understood. It has a unique N-terminal domain and CTD (C-terminal domain) flanking a conserved Sirtuin catalytic core and these extensions are assumed to mediate Sirt1-specific features such as homo-oligomerization and activation by resveratrol. To analyse the architecture of human Sirt1 and functions of its N- and C-terminal extensions, we recombinantly produced Sirt1 and Sirt1 deletion constructs as well as the AROS (active regulator of Sirt1) protein. We then studied Sirt1 features such as molecular size, secondary structure and stimulation by small molecules and AROS. We find that Sirt1 is monomeric and has extended conformations in its flanking domains, likely disordered especially in the N-terminus, resulting in an increased hydrodynamic radius. Nevertheless, both termini increase Sirt1 deacetylase activity, indicating a regulatory function. We also find an unusual but defined conformation for AROS protein, which fails, however, to stimulate Sirt1. Resveratrol, in contrast, activates the Sirt1 catalytic core independent of the terminal domains, indicating a binding site within the catalytic core and suggesting that small molecule activators for other isoforms might also exist.
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17
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Gao F, Shi L, Xu LX. Refolding of recombinant human interferon α-2a from Escherichia coli by urea gradient size exclusion chromatography. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Pan LQ, Xie ZM, Tang XJ, Wu M, Wang FR, Naranmandura H, Chen SQ. Engineering and refolding of a novel trimeric fusion protein TRAIL-collagen XVIII NC1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23208613 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered to be a promising anticancer agent because its active form TRAIL trimer is able to induce apoptosis in different tumor cell lines while sparing normal cells. However, TRAIL trimer possesses a short half-life and low stability, which turns out to be a major obstacle for the development of clinical trials. In our present study, we constructed a recombined TRAIL trimer by genetic fusion of non-collagenous domain (NC1) of human collagen XVIII or its trimerization domain (TD) to C-terminus of TRAIL via a flexible linker, and then refolded the fusion proteins using a two-step refolding approach, namely a combination of dilution and gel filtration chromatography. As a result, both recombinant proteins, TRAIL-NC1 and TRAIL-TD, were expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies, and they exhibited difficultly to refold efficiently by conventional methods. Thereby, we applied a modified two-step refolding approach to refold fusion proteins. More than 55 % of TRAIL-NC1 and 90 % of TRAIL-TD protein activity was recovered during the two-step refolding approach, and their stability was also increased significantly. Also, size exclusion chromatography showed refolded TRAIL-NC1 was a trimer while TRAIL-TD, hexamer. However, both of them exerted good apoptosis activity on NCI-H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiang Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dispersive mixing and intraparticle partitioning of protein in size-exclusion chromatographic refolding. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Chen YC, Liu HS. Chaperon solvent plug design in size-exclusion chromatography protein refolding process. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:203-8. [PMID: 22112410 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the chaperon solvent plug was reported as a strategy to reduce aggregation before the column inlet in SEC (size-exclusion chromatography) protein refolding process, the appropriate position at which sample injected and the volume of the chaperon solvent plug have not been elucidated. Therefore, the detail of chaperon solvent plug design was investigated in this work. Our results indicated that, to ensure good performances in the SEC refolding process, the appropriate front and tail volumes of chaperon solvent plug should be slightly larger than the optimal values, which depend on the flow dispersion from the injector to the column inlet. However, with the front volume more than the optimum, it could have an adverse effect on activity recovery but not the mass recovery, while no effect at all if the tail volume exceeded the optimum. Furthermore, it might be economical to replace the eluent (refolding buffer) after the tail of chaperon solvent plug with a cheaper one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Ralla K, Sohling U, Suck K, Sander F, Kasper C, Ruf F, Scheper T. Adsorption and separation of proteins by a synthetic hydrotalcite. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 87:217-25. [PMID: 21684727 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the potential use of a synthetic Mg/Al hydrotalcite (layered double hydroxide) as a novel chromatography material for protein purification was investigated. The hydrotalcite is present in its carbonate form and is characterized by an Al/Mg-ratio of 1.85. Zetapotential measurements confirm a positive surface potential up to pH 10 suggesting applicability as anion exchanger. The binding of model proteins covering a broad range of isoelectric points and molecular weights was performed at different pH-values under batch conditions to evaluate the binding behaviour of the hydrotalcite. Furthermore, static binding capacities were exemplarily determined for hemoglobin and human serum albumin. Additionally, the adsorption and elution of hemoglobin was studied under dynamic conditions. The binding behaviour of the hydrotalcite was compared to commercially available anion exchangers and was found to be a function of pH, depending on the model protein. Variant adsorption behaviour is explained by further interactions like hydrogen bonds and by an unequal charge distribution over the protein surfaces. The hydrotalcite reveals high adsorption capacities under static (260 mg/g) as well as under dynamic conditions (88 mg/g at 34 cm/h; 61 mg/g at 340 cm/h). With appropriate buffers like 500 mM carbonate (pH 10) the adsorbed proteins can be nearly completely desorbed making regeneration possible. Due to the binding and elution properties it is concluded, that the hydrotalcite can serve anion exchange material for chromatographic protein separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ralla
- Institut für Biotechnologie, FG Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Su Z, Lu D, Liu Z. Refolding of inclusion body proteins from E. coli. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:319-38. [PMID: 21954784 DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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23
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Freydell EJ, van der Wielen LA, Eppink MH, Ottens M. Size-exclusion chromatographic protein refolding: Fundamentals, modeling and operation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7723-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Ion-exchange chromatographic protein refolding. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7265-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Voets IK, Cruz WA, Moitzi C, Lindner P, Arêas EPG, Schurtenberger P. DMSO-Induced Denaturation of Hen Egg White Lysozyme. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:11875-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja K. Voets
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Willemberg A. Cruz
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Christian Moitzi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Peter Lindner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Elizabeth P. G. Arêas
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Peter Schurtenberger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Route de l’Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1723 Marly 1, Switzerland, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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26
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King WJ, Jongpaiboonkit L, Murphy WL. Influence of FGF2 and PEG hydrogel matrix properties on hMSC viability and spreading. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1110-23. [PMID: 19768790 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel arrays were used to screen for the effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), combined with multiple hydrogel matrix parameters, on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and spreading. In particular, we examined the effects of FGF2 while co-varying hydrogel matrix degradability, cell adhesion ligand type, and cell adhesion ligand density. FGF2 significantly improved viability of hMSCs in a dose-dependent manner in both nondegrading and degrading PEG hydrogels in the absence of extracellular matrix-derived cell adhesion ligands. The presence of a small molecule that inhibits autophosphorylation of the FGF2 receptor blocked the effects of FGF2 on hMSC viability in PEG hydrogels, both in the presence and absence of the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (RGDSP) ligand. FGF2 effects on hMSC viability were less pronounced when FGF2 was presented in combination with the RGDSP cell adhesion ligand or the IKVAV cell adhesion ligand in nondegrading PEG hydrogels. Importantly, spread hMSC morphologies were observed and quantified in a select subset of hydrogel networks, which were degradable and included both FGF2 and RGDSP. These results indicate that the hydrogel arrays described here can be used to efficiently study the influence of soluble and insoluble hydrogel matrix parameters on stem cell behavior, and to identify synthetic, 3-D environments that promote specific hMSC behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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27
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Immobilized Triton X-100-assisted refolding of Green Fluorescent Protein-Tobacco Etch Virus protease fusion protein using β-cyclodextrin as the eluent. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Pozzo DC, Walker LM. Macroscopic alignment of nanoparticle arrays in soft crystals of cubic and cylindrical polymer micelles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2008; 26:183-189. [PMID: 18415041 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method to organize nanometer-sized hydrophilic particles into ordered arrays by templating them in the soft, micelle-crystal phases (spherical and cylindrical) of a thermoreversible block copolymer. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation is used to show that the dispersed particles (in this case, proteins or silica) form structured arrays by being constrained in the interstitial cavities between the polymer micelles in the ordered micelle crystal. Simple shear is used to macroscopically align both phases of the nanocomposites (micelles and particles) into macro-domains. The temperature-induced order-order transition between templates of spherical and cylindrical micelles is demonstrated as a reversible technique to modify the structure of the templated nanoparticle arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Yamamoto S, Fujii S, Yoshimoto N, Akbarzadehlaleh P. Effects of protein conformational changes on separation performance in electrostatic interaction chromatography: Unfolded proteins and PEGylated proteins. J Biotechnol 2007; 132:196-201. [PMID: 17640756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As it is important to understand how protein conformational changes affect the separation performance in ion exchange chromatography (IEC), we investigated two model systems, unfolded proteins (lysozyme and bovine serum albumin) with urea and dithiothreitol, and PEGylated proteins (lysozyme attached with polyethyleneglycol molecular weight 5000). Linear gradient elution IEC experiments were carried out and the data were analysed by our model previously presented in order to obtain the binding site value B and the peak salt concentration I(R). Unfolded proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) with urea and dithiothreitol showed weaker retention and larger binding site values compared with the values for native proteins. Multiple PEGylated lysozyme peaks were separated, and eluted earlier than the native peak appeared. There is a good correlation between B and I(R) for PEGylated lysozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yamamoto
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering and Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan.
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30
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Freydell EJ, Ottens M, Eppink M, van Dedem G, van der Wielen L. Efficient solubilization of inclusion bodies. Biotechnol J 2007; 2:678-84. [PMID: 17492713 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli leads in most cases to their accumulation in the form of insoluble aggregates referred to as inclusion bodies (IBs). To obtain an active product, the IBs must be solubilized and thereafter the soluble monomeric protein needs to be refolded. In this work we studied the solubilization behavior of a model-protein expressed as IBs at high protein concentrations, using a statistically designed experiment to determine which of the process parameters, or their interaction, have the greatest impact on the amount of soluble protein and the fraction of soluble monomer. The experimental methodology employed pointed out an optimum balance between maximum protein solubility and minimum fraction of soluble aggregates. The optimized conditions solubilized the IBs without the formation of insoluble aggregates; moreover, the fraction of soluble monomer was approximately 75% while the fraction of soluble aggregates was approximately 5%. Overall this approach guarantees a better use of the solubilization reagents, which brings an economical and technical benefit, at both large and lab scale and may be broadly applicable for the production of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Freydell
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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31
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Geng X, Wang C. Protein folding liquid chromatography and its recent developments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 849:69-80. [PMID: 17116432 PMCID: PMC7105250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of proteomics is to identify biologically active proteins and to produce them using biotechnology tools such as bacterial hosts. However, proteins produced by Escherichia coli must be refolded to their native state. Protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) is a new method developed in recent years, and it is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology. In this paper, the new method, PFLC is introduced and its recent development is reviewed. In addition the paper includes definitions, advantages, principles, applications for both laboratory and large scales, apparatus, and effecting factors of PFLC. In addition, the role of this method in the future is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindu Geng
- Institute of Modern Separation Science, Key Laboratory of Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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32
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Zhang J, Tran NT, Weber J, Slim C, Viovy JL, Taverna M. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-grafted polyacrylamide: a self-coating copolymer for sieving separation of native proteins by CE. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3086-92. [PMID: 16838285 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potential of a series of newly synthesized poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) grafted polyacrylamide (PAM) copolymers (P(AM-PDMA)) as a replaceable separation medium for protein analysis was studied. A comparative study with and without copolymers was performed; the separation efficiency, analysis reproducibility and protein recovery proved that the P(AM-PDMA) copolymers were efficient in suppressing the adsorption of basic proteins onto the silica capillary wall. Furthermore, the size-dependent retardation of native proteins in a representative P(AM-PDMA) copolymer was demonstrated by Ferguson analysis. The results showed that the P(AM-PDMA) copolymers combine the good coating property of PDMA and the sieving property of PAM and could be applied as a sieving matrix for the analysis of native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyou Zhang
- Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 Rue JB Clement, F-92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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33
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Liu H, Zhou X, Zhang Y. A comparative investigation on different refolding strategies of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator derivative. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:457-63. [PMID: 16614926 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator derivative (r-PA), fused with thioredoxin (Trx), was expressed in Escherichia coli. The resultant fusion protein, Trx-r-PA, was almost completely in the form of inclusion bodies and without activity. Different refolding strategies were investigated including different post-treatment of solubilized Trx-r-PA inclusion bodies, on-column refolding by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using three gel types (Sephacryl S-200, S-300 and S-400), refolding by Sephacryl S-200 with a urea gradient and two-stage temperature control in refolding. An optimized on-column refolding process for Trx-r-PA inclusion bodies was established. The collected Trx-r-PA inclusion bodies were dissolved in 6 M: guanidine hydrochloride (Gdm.HCl), and the denatured protein was separated from dithiothreitol (DTT) and Gdm.HCl with a G25 column and simultaneously dissolved in 8 M: urea containing oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Finally a refolding of Trx-r-PA protein on Sephacryl S-200 column with a decreasing urea gradient combined with two-stage temperature control was employed, and the activity recovery of refolded protein was increased from 3.6 to 13.8% in comparison with the usual dilution refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
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34
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Park BJ, Lee CH, Mun S, Koo YM. Novel application of simulated moving bed chromatography to protein refolding. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Wang SS, Chang CK, Peng MJ, Liu HS. Effect of Glutathione Redox System on Lysozyme Refolding in Size Exclusion Chromatography. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp.05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Yang X, Hu W, Li F, Xia H, Zhang Z. Gene cloning, bacterial expression, in vitro refolding, and characterization of a single-chain Fv antibody against PreS1(21-47) fragment of HBsAg. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 41:341-8. [PMID: 15866720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The murine monoclonal antibody 125E11 is an IgG which recognizes PreS1(21-47) fragment of large hepatitis B surface antigen. It has been successfully used for clinical detection of HBV virion in serum of hepatitis B patients. In present study, the genes of variable region in heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) of 125E11 have been cloned. Sequence analysis of cloned VH gene and VL gene showed that they had general characterization of immunoglobin variable region genes. According to Kabat classification, VH gene and VL gene belong to VH10 family, subgroup IIID and Vkappa family subgroup I, respectively. An expression vector of 125E11 single-chain Fv antibody fusion protein, in which VH and VL peptide were connected by a flexible linker (Gly(4)Ser)(3), was constructed. The scFv fusion protein was highly expressed in Escherichia coli mainly in inclusion body form. Using urea and pH gradient gel filtration method, the refolding of scFv was efficiently achieved. The refolding efficiency reached about 11% and 2.7 mg refolded scFv was obtained from 1L of culture. The binding activity and specificity of 125E11 scFv against PreS1(21-47)-containing antigen were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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37
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Li JJ, Venkataramana M, Wang AQ, Sanyal S, Janson JC, Su ZG. A mild hydrophobic interaction chromatography involving polyethylene glycol immobilized to agarose media refolding recombinant Staphylococcus aureus elongation factor G. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 40:327-35. [PMID: 15766874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus elongation factor G (EF-G) is difficult to refold by dilution due to the formation of large amounts of misfolded structures. However, refolding of EF-G by adsorption to a chromatographic column packed with immobilized polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG 20 K) followed by pulse elution with 8 M urea resulted in 88% mass recovery and 80% of correctly refolded structure. The PEG 20 K was coupled to brominated allyl group derivatized Sepharose High Performance to construct a mild hydrophobic adsorbent. Various other hydrophobic interaction adsorbents were also attempted to refold EF-G. However, ligands with high hydrophobicity tended to misfold EF-G, resulting in irreversible adsorption. Various solvents, detergents, and low temperature as well as 8 M urea were tried to release bound EF-G. Only pulse elution with 8 M urea was efficient. Urea concentrations favorable for efficiently refolding EF-G were investigated. Low urea concentration produced more misfolded structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100080, China
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38
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Development of novel protein refolding using simulated moving bed chromatography. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02719422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Lu RC, Xiao JX, Cao AN, Lai LH, Zhu BY, Zhao GX. Surfactant-induced refolding of lysozyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1722:271-81. [PMID: 15716037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The surfactant-lysozyme interaction was investigated by circular dichroism, fluorescence, UV, dynamic light scattering, surface tension, turbidity measurements and lysozyme activity assay. A new way of refolding of lysozyme was found. It was shown that the lysozyme unfolded by anionic surfactants could be renatured by adding cationic surfactants. That is, lysozyme formed precipitate with anionic surfactants, the precipitates could be dissolved by adding a cationic surfactant solution, and then the lysozyme was refolded to its native state spontaneously. Different couples of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants including C10SO3/C10NE, C12SO3/C10NE, C10SO3/C12NE, C10SO3/C12NB, C10SO4/C10NE and C12SO4/C10NE (C(n)SO3, C(n)SO4, C(n)NE and C(n)NB represent sodium alkyl sulfonate/sulfate, alkyl triethyl/butyl ammonium bromide respectively) were investigated, all of them gave similar results. The results were explained in terms of the differences between the interaction of anionic-cationic surfactants and that of surfactant-lysozyme. It was thought that the formation of mixed micelles of anionic-cationic surfactants is a more favorable process than that of lysozyme-surfactant complexes, which induces the dissociation of lysozyme-surfactant complexes when cationic surfactants were added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Chao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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40
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Wang BL, Xu Y, Wu CQ, Xu YM, Wang HH. Cloning, expression, and refolding of a secretory protein ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 39:184-8. [PMID: 15642469 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A DNA encoding the 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was inserted into a bacterial expression vector of pQE30 resulting in a 6x His-esat-6 fusion gene construction. This plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli strain M15 and effectively expressed. The expressed fusion protein was found almost entirely in the insoluble form (inclusion bodies) in cell lysate. The inclusion bodies were solubilized with 8M urea or 6M guanidine-hydrochloride at pH 7.4, and the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA column. The purified fusion protein was refolded by dialysis with a gradient of decreasing concentration of urea or guanidine hydrochloride or by the size exclusion protein refolding system. The yield of refolded protein obtained from urea dialysis was 20 times higher than that from guanidine-hydrochloride. Sixty-six percent of recombinant ESAT-6 was successfully refolded as monomer protein by urea gradient dialysis, while 69% of recombinant ESAT-6 was successfully refolded as monomer protein by using Sephadex G-200 size exclusion column. These results indicate that urea is more suitable than guanidine-hydrochloride in extracting and refolding the protein. Between the urea gradient dialysis and the size exclusion protein refolding system, the yield of the monomer protein was almost the same, but the size exclusion protein refolding system needs less time and reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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41
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Wang W. Protein aggregation and its inhibition in biopharmaceutics. Int J Pharm 2005; 289:1-30. [PMID: 15652195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 686] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Revised: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is arguably the most common and troubling manifestation of protein instability, encountered in almost all stages of protein drug development. Protein aggregation, along with other physical and/or chemical instabilities of proteins, remains to be one of the major road barriers hindering rapid commercialization of potential protein drug candidates. Although a variety of methods have been used/designed to prevent/inhibit protein aggregation, the end results are often unsatisfactory for many proteins. The limited success is partly due to our lack of a clear understanding of the protein aggregation process. This article intends to discuss protein aggregation and its related mechanisms, methods characterizing protein aggregation, factors affecting protein aggregation, and possible venues in aggregation prevention/inhibition in various stages of protein drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biotechnology Division, Bayer HealthCare, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA.
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42
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Li JJ, Liu YD, Wang FW, Ma GH, Su ZG. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography correctly refolding proteins assisted by glycerol and urea gradients. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1061:193-9. [PMID: 15641362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic columns packed with commercially available hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) media were found to be able to suppress aggregation and nevertheless had a tendency to promote the structural misfolding resulting in higher soluble protein recovery and lower specific activity than that by dilution when they were used to refold lysozyme, a model protein. Moreover, this misfolding effect was exacerbated with increasing hydrophobicity of media. A novel strategy involving the combination of glycerol, a typical osmolyte, a urea gradient and commercially available HIC media was introduced to facilitate protein refolding correctly as well as improve mass recovery by providing a gradual change of the refolding environment in the HIC column. In this process, unfolded lysozyme was bound to Poros PE HIC column at high salt concentration and was released by a urea gradient followed by elution with refolding buffer in the presence of 50 % (v/v) glycerol, resulting in 86.3% activity yield and 85% mass recovery with the refolded product of native specific activity. For the absence of glycerol, only 50.9% activity yield and 59% specific activity recovery was obtained although mass recovery was closed to that in the presence of glycerol. It was also discovered that glycerol addition during elution process was necessary for correct refolding compared to mixing of glycerol with post-column fraction. The possible mechanism for refolding with this system was proposed to be relevant to the formation of an on-pathway intermediate that could slowly reactivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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43
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Abstract
The correct folding of solubilized recombinant proteins is of key importance for their production in industry. On-column refolding of proteins is mainly achieved by three methods: size-exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography using immobilized metal chelates. The principles of these methods were first laid down in the 1990s, but many recent improvements have been made to these processes including sophisticated changes to the mobile phase composition and the recycling of aggregates to improve yield. Advances have also been made in the use of immobilized metal affinity chromatography and by mimicking the natural folding process with artificial chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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44
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Hartmann WK, Saptharishi N, Yang XY, Mitra G, Soman G. Characterization and analysis of thermal denaturation of antibodies by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with quadruple detection. Anal Biochem 2004; 325:227-39. [PMID: 14751257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with online light scattering, viscometry, refractometry, and UV-visible spectroscopy provides a very powerful tool for studying protein size, shape, and aggregation. This technique can be used to determine the molecular weight of the component peaks independent of the retention times in the SEC column and simultaneously measure the hydrodynamic radius and polydispersity of the protein. We applied this technology by coupling an Agilent Chemstation high-performance liquid chromatography system with a diode array UV-visible detector and a Viscotek 300 EZ Pro triple detector (combination of a light scattering detector, refractometer, and differential pressure viscometer) to characterize and compare the molecular properties of a number of monoclonal antibodies. Our studies reveal that different monoclonal immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) and chimeric IgGs show slightly different retention times and therefore different molecular weights in gel filtration analysis. However, when they are analyzed by light scattering, refractometry, and viscometry, different IgGs have comparable molecular weight, molecular homogeneity (polydispersity), and size. Gel filtration coupled with UV or refractive index detection suggests that antibodies purified and formulated for preclinical and clinical development are more than 95% monomer with little or no detectable soluble aggregates. Light scattering measurements showed the presence of trace amounts of soluble aggregate in all the IgG preparations. The different IgG molecules showed different susceptibility to heat and pH. One of the murine antibodies was considerably less stable than the others at 55 degrees C. The application of this powerful technology for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies of therapeutic potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda K Hartmann
- Bioanalytical Development Laboratory, Biopharmaceutical Development Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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45
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Li M, Su ZG, Janson JC. In vitro protein refolding by chromatographic procedures. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 33:1-10. [PMID: 14680955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 08/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro protein refolding is still a bottleneck in both structural biology and in the development of new biopharmaceuticals, especially for commercially important polypeptides that are overexpressed in Escherichia coli. This review focuses on protein refolding methods based on column procedures because recent advances in chromatographic refolding have shown promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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46
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Abstract
Column-based protein refolding requires a continuous processing capability if reasonable quantities of protein are to be produced. A popular column-based method, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) refolding, employs size-exclusion matrices to separate unfolded protein from denaturant, thus refolding the protein. In this work, we conduct a comparison of SEC refolding with refolding by batch dilution, using lysozyme as a model protein. Lysozyme refolding yield was found to be extremely sensitive to the chemical composition of the refolding buffer and particularly the concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) introduced from the denatured protein mixture. SEC refolding was not adversely affected by DTT carry-over as small contaminants in the denatured solution are separated from protein during the refolding operation. We also find that, contrary to previous reports, size-exclusion refolding on batch columns leads to refolding yields slightly better than batch dilution refolding yields at low protein concentrations but this advantage disappears at higher protein concentrations. As batch-mode chromatography would be the limiting step in a column based refolding downstream process, the batch column refolding method was translated to a continuously operating chromatography system (preparative continuous annular chromatography, P-CAC). It was shown that the P-CAC elution profile is similar to that of a stationary column, making scale-up and translation to P-CAC relatively simple. Moreover, it was shown that high refolding yields (72%) at high protein concentration (>1 mg ml(-1)) could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Lanckriet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
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47
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Bramanti E, Ferri F, Sortino C, Onor M, Raspi G, Venturini M. Characterization of denatured proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatography: a preliminary study. Biopolymers 2003; 69:293-300. [PMID: 12833256 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this preliminary study hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is proposed as a good tool in order to detect conformational changes induced by chemical denaturants in two globular proteins, cytochrome C (Cyt C) and myoglobin (MYO). Alterations in protein structure were manifested chromatographically by reproducible changes in peak heights, retention time, and appearance of multiple peaks. The HIC behavior of the two model proteins denatured by guanidinium thyocyanate (GdmSCN) was investigated, keeping constant various concentrations of urea in the mobile phase in a TSK-Gel Phenyl-5PW column (TosoBiosep). Suitable elution conditions provide evidence of the simultaneous presence of two denatured forms in the case of MYO, and sequential different denatured states of Cyt C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bramanti
- National Council of Research-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Laboratory of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124-Pisa, Italy.
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48
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Harrowing SR, Chaudhuri JB. Effect of column dimensions and flow rates on size-exclusion refolding of beta-lactamase. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2003; 56:177-88. [PMID: 12834976 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(03)00058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of changing the column diameter and length on the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) refolding of beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli-derived inclusion bodies (IBs). Inclusion bodies were recovered and solubilised in 6 M GdnHCl and 5 mM DTT. Up to 16 mg of denatured, solubilised beta-lactamase was loaded onto size exclusion columns packed with Sephacryl S-300 media (fractionation range: 10(4)-1.5 x 10(6) Da). beta-Lactamase was refolded by eluting the loaded sample with 1 M urea in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7 at 23 degrees C. The following columns were studied: 26 x 400, 16 x 400 and 26 x 200 mm, with a range of mobile phase flow rates from 0.33 to 4.00 ml/min. beta-Lactamase was successfully refolded in all three columns and at all flow rates studied. The beta-lactamase activity peak coincided with the major protein peak. Reducing the column diameter had little effect on refolding performance. The enzyme activity recovered was relatively independent of the mobile phase linear velocity. Reducing the column length gave a poorer resolution of the protein peaks, but the enzyme activity peaks were well resolved. Calculation of the partition coefficients for beta-lactamase activity showed that the 26 x 400 column gave the greatest refolding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Harrowing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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49
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Abstract
A dual-gradient ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) refolding process has been successfully applied to renature lysozyme at high concentration. The different refolding components were separated by size-exclusion chromatography with low concentrations of urea and NaCl added into elution buffer. The hydrodynamic characteristics during separation and the hydrophobic properties of these components were also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PR China
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50
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Li M, Su Z. Refolding human lysozyme produced as an inclusion body by urea concentration and pH gradient ion exchange chromatography. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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