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Zazirna M, Tischler S, Marko D, Varga E, Castejón N. Ultrasound-based strategies for the recovery of microalgal carotenoids: Insights from green extraction methods to UV/MS-based identification. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114354. [PMID: 38763639 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids, versatile natural pigments with numerous health benefits, face environmental concerns associated with conventional petrochemical-based extraction methods and limitations of their synthetic equivalents. In this context, this study aims to introduce eco-friendly approaches using ultrasound-based strategies (probe and bath) for the extraction of carotenoids from microalgae, initially focusing on Microchloropsis gaditana and subsequently evaluating the versatility of the method by applying it to other microalgae species of interest (Tisochrysis lutea, Porphyridium cruentum, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and defatted microalgal residues. Among the approaches evaluated, the 5-min ultrasonic probe system with ethanol showed comparable carotenoid recovery efficiency to the reference method (agitation, 24 h, acetone) (9.4 ± 2.5 and 9.6 ± 3.2 mg g-1 carotenoids per dry biomass, for the green and the reference method, respectively). Moreover, the method's sustainability was demonstrated using the AGREEprep™ software (scored 0.62 out of 1), compared to the traditional method (0.22 out of 1). The developed method yielded high carotenoid contents across species with diverse cell wall compositions (3.1 ± 0.2, 2.1 ± 0.3, and 4.1 ± 0.1 mg g-1 carotenoid per dry biomass for T. lutea, P. cruentum, and P. tricornutum, respectively). Moreover, the application of the method to defatted biomass showed potential for microalgal valorization with carotenoid recovery rates of 41 %, 60 %, 61 %, and 100 % for M.gaditana, P. tricornutum, T. lutea, and P. cruentum, compared to the original biomass, respectively. Furthermore, by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), we reported the carotenoid and chlorophyll profiles of the different microalgae and evaluated the impact of the eco-friendly methods. The carotenoid and chlorophyll profiles varied depending on the species, biomass, and method used. In summary, this study advances a green extraction method with improved environmental sustainability and shorter extraction time, underscoring the potential of this approach as a valuable alternative for the extraction of microalgal pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Zazirna
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Tischler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria; Unit Food Hygiene and Technology, Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Natalia Castejón
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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2
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Kalungwana N, Marshall L, Mackie A, Boesch C. An ex vivo intestinal absorption model is more effective than an in vitro cell model to characterise absorption of dietary carotenoids following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112558. [PMID: 36914337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To get the most accurate food digestion-related data, and how this affects nutrient absorption, it is critical to carefully simulate human digestion systems using model settings. In this study, the uptake and transepithelial transportation of dietary carotenoids was compared using two different models that have previously been used to assess nutrient availability. The permeability of differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine intestinal tissue were tested using all-trans-β-carotene and lutein prepared in artificial mixed micelles and micellar fraction from orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) gastrointestinal digestion. Transepithelial transport and absorption efficiency were then determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS). Results showed that the mean uptake for all-trans-β-carotene in the mouse mucosal tissue was 60.2 ± 3.2% compared to 36.7 ± 2.6% in the Caco-2 cells with the mixed micelles as the test sample. Similarly, the mean uptake was higher in OFSP with 49.4 ± 4.1% following mouse tissue uptake compared to 28.9 ± 4.3% using Caco-2 cells for the same concentration. In relation to the uptake efficiency, the mean percentage uptake for all-trans-β-carotene from artificial mixed micelles was 1.8-fold greater in mouse tissue compared to Caco-2 cells (35.4 ± 1.8% against 19.9 ± 2.6%). Carotenoid uptake reached saturation at 5 µM when assessed with the mouse intestinal cells. These results demonstrate the practicality of employing physiologically relevant models simulating human intestinal absorption processes that compares well with published human in vivo data. When used in combination with the Infogest digestion model, the Ussing chamber model, using murine intestinal tissue, may thus be an efficient predictor of carotenoid bioavailability in simulating human postprandial absorption ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng'Andwe Kalungwana
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alan Mackie
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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3
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Du X, Wang C, Wu L, Li Z, Sadiq FA, Jiang Z, Chen F, Ni H, Li Q. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography analysis of all-trans-, 9-cis-, and 13-cis-astaxanthin in raw extracts from Phaffia rhodozyma. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3206-3215. [PMID: 32506706 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An effective two-dimensional liquid chromatography method has been established for the analysis of all-trans-astaxanthin and its geometric isomers from Phaffia rhodozyma employing a C18 column at the first dimension and a C30 column in the second dimension, connected by a 10-port valve using the photo-diode array detector. The regression equation of astaxanthin calibration curve was established, and the precision and accuracy values were found to be in the range of 0.32-1.14% and 98.21-106.13%, respectively. By using two-dimensional liquid chromatography, it was found that day light, ultrasonic treatment, and heat treatment have significant influence on the content of all-trans-astaxanthin in the extract from P. rhodozyma due to the transformation of all-trans-astaxanthin to cis-astaxanthin. The day light and ultrasonic treatments more likely transform all-trans-astaxanthin to 9-cis-astaxanthin, and the thermal treatment transforms all-trans-astaxanthin to 13-cis-astaxanthin. These results indicate that the two-dimensional liquid chromatography method can facilitate monitoring astaxanthin isomerization in the raw extract from P. rhodozyma. In addition, the study will provide a general reference for monitoring other medicals and bioactive chemicals with geometric isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Du
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, P. R. China
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4
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Schjoerring-Thyssen J, Zhang W, Olsen K, Koehler K, Jouenne E, Andersen ML. Multiresponse Kinetic Modeling of Heat-Induced Equilibrium of β-Carotene cis-trans Isomerization in Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:845-855. [PMID: 31833766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanism of the stepwise cis-trans isomerization reactions of all-trans-β-carotene dissolved in MCT (medium-chain triglyceride) oil at temperatures in the range of 80-160 °C have been analyzed using multiresponse modeling. Quantitation of the cis-isomers was performed using HPLC-DAD and quantitation at the reaction isosbestic point at 421 nm. Multiresponse kinetic modeling using the Bayesian criterion was initially performed at 120 °C to determine the best model. Subsequently, the reparametrized Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the activation energies of all reactions. The equilibrium constants for the individual isomerization reactions were determined from the rate constants and the final product distributions. The enthalpies and entropies of the isomerization reactions were determined from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constants. The 13-cis and 13,13'-di-cis isomers were found to be the fastest formed isomers followed by the 9-cis, 9,13-di-cis, and 13,15-di-cis isomers, where the latter was found to be formed from 13-cis and not the 15-cis isomer. The relative free energies of the β-carotene isomers were determined as all-trans < 13-cis < 9-cis < 13,13'-di-cis < 9,13-di-cis ≈ 15-cis < 13,15-di-cis. The entropic contribution of each reaction was found to play an important role in the ordering. It is concluded that the β-carotene system is quite labile at temperatures ranging from 80 to 160 °C and resulting in equilibrium distributions of the cis-trans isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , 1958 Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Karsten Olsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , 1958 Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Klaus Koehler
- New Technology, Chr. Hansen Natural Colors A/S , 2970 Hoersholm , Denmark
| | - Eric Jouenne
- New Technology, Chr. Hansen Natural Colors A/S , 2970 Hoersholm , Denmark
| | - Mogens L Andersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science , University of Copenhagen , 1958 Frederiksberg , Denmark
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5
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Govender L, Pillay K, Siwela M, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Improving the Dietary Vitamin A Content of Rural Communities in South Africa by Replacing Non-Biofortified white Maize and Sweet Potato with Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato in Traditional Dishes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1198. [PMID: 31141908 PMCID: PMC6628247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification of staple crops has a potential for addressing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which are prevalent in South Africa. The poor acceptability of provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified foods could be improved by combining them with other food items to produce modified traditional dishes. The nutritional composition of the dishes could also be improved by the modification. The study aimed to investigate the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP)] with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) on the nutritional composition of South African traditional dishes. The protein, fibre, total mineral (ash), lysine, and iron concentrations of the PVA maize phutu (traditional porridge) composite dishes (control), were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of white maize phutu composite dishes. However, the PVA concentration of PVA maize phutu composite dishes was higher than that of the white phutu composite dishes (P > 0.05). The OFSP had a significantly lower protein concentration, but a significantly higher (P > 0.05) fibre, ash, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and PVA concentration, relative to the CFSP. The findings indicate that composite dishes in which white maize is replaced with PVA-biofortified maize, and switching over from CFSP to OFSP, would contribute to combating VAD in South Africa, and in other developing counties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencia Govender
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
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6
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Silveira AC, Dias JP, Santos VM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, Rato L, Silva BM. The Action of Polyphenols in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Common Agent for Overlapping Pathologies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:590-613. [PMID: 30081787 PMCID: PMC6712293 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two prevalent diseases in modern societies, which are caused mainly by current lifestyle, aging and genetic alterations. It has already been demonstrated that these two diseases are associated, since individuals suffering from DM are prone to develop AD. Conversely, it is also known that individuals with AD are more susceptible to DM, namely type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Therefore, these two pathologies, although completely different in terms of symptomatology, end up sharing several mechanisms at the molecular level, with the most obvious being the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Polyphenols are natural compounds widely spread in fruits and vegetables whose dietary intake has been considered inversely proportional to the incidence of DM and AD. So, it is believed that this group of phytochemicals may have preventive and therapeutic potential, not only by reducing the risk and delaying the development of these pathologies, but also by improving brain's metabolic profile and cognitive function. The aim of this review is to understand the extent to which DM and AD are related pathologies, the degree of similarity and the relationship between them, to detail the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols may exert a protective effect, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and highlight possible advantages of their use as common preventive and therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Branca M. Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D.Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Tel: +351 275319700; Fax: +351 275 329 183; E-mail:
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7
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Gao X, Sun J, Liu Z, Huang WC, Secundo F, Zhao Y, Xue C, Mao X. Highly efficient preparation of free all-trans-astaxanthin fromHaematococcus pluvialisextract by a rapid biocatalytic method based on crude extracellular enzyme extract. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; v. Mario Bianco 9 Milan 20131 Italy
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology; Qingdao 266237 China
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8
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Sánchez-García A, Garrido-Fernández J, Ríos J. MS tools for a systematic approach in survey for carotenoids and their common metabolites. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 650:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Castro-Benitez M. Isolation and characterization of chlorophylls and xanthophylls in grass by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1386671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Yamada T, Bamba T. Lipid Profiling by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. NEUROMETHODS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6946-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Flores P, Sánchez E, Fenoll J, Hellín P. Genotypic variability of carotenoids in traditional tomato cultivars. Food Res Int 2016; 100:510-516. [PMID: 28964375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional varieties constitute a wide source of genetic variation that can be used per se or to obtain new cultivars with high consumer appeal and nutritional value. This work focuses on the carotenoid and chlorophyll profiles and contents of 53 traditional tomato cultivars, paying particular attention to compounds with recognized health-promoting properties. The study includes fruits with different shapes (oblate, slightly flattened, rounded, heart-shaped, long oblong and pyriform), colors (yellow, pink and red) and sizes (very small to very large). In addition, black colored tomato fruits with yellow, pink or red background color were studied. The highest concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, phytoene and phytofluene were found in pink and red tomatoes, while the highest concentrations of lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and chlorophylls were found in fruits with a dark coloration, regardless of their background coloration. Finally, the highest concentrations of the studied compounds as a whole (except β-carotene) were found in red- and pink-black varieties. Findings will hopefully contribute to recovering many tomato traditional varieties for use, directly in the field or as donor parents for breeding programs, to increase the nutraceutical properties of commercial varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Flores
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fenoll
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n. La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain
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12
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Fiedor L, Fiedor J, Pilch M. Effects of Molecular Symmetry on the Electronic Transitions in Carotenoids. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1821-9. [PMID: 27138647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the verification of symmetry effects on the electronic absorption spectra of carotenoids. The symmetry breaking in cis-β-carotenes and in carotenoids with nonlinear π-electron system is of virtually no effect on the dark transitions in these pigments, in spite of the loss of the inversion center and evident changes in their electronic structure. In the cis isomers, the S2 state couples with the higher excited states and the extent of this coupling depends on the position of the cis bend. A confrontation of symmetry properties of carotenoids with their electronic absorption and IR and Raman spectra shows that they belong to the C1 or C2 but not the C2h symmetry group, as commonly assumed. In these realistic symmetries all the electronic transitions are symmetry-allowed and the absence of some transitions, such as the dark S0 → S1 transition, must have another physical origin. Most likely it is a severe deformation of the carotenoid molecule in the S1 state, unachievable directly from the ground state, which means that the Franck-Condon factors for a vertical S0 → S1 transition are negligible because the final state is massively displaced along the vibrational coordinates. The implications of our findings have an impact on the understanding of the photophysics and functioning of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology , Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pilch
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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13
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Dong H, Li X, Xue C, Mao X. Astaxanthin preparation by fermentation of esters fromHaematococcus pluvialisalgal extracts withStenotrophomonasspecies. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:649-56. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Xuemin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003 China
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14
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Flores P, Hernández V, Hellín P, Fenoll J, Cava J, Mestre T, Martínez V. Metabolite profile of the tomato dwarf cultivar Micro-Tom and comparative response to saline and nutritional stresses with regard to a commercial cultivar. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1562-1570. [PMID: 25974114 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dwarf tomato variety Micro-Tom has been used as a plant model for studies of plant development. However, its response to environmental and agricultural factors has not been well studied. This work studies the phytochemical content of Micro-Tom tomato and its comparative response to saline and nutritional (N, K and Ca) stresses with regard to a commercial variety. RESULTS The chromatographic profiles of Micro-Tom were similar to those of the commercial variety and the only differences appear to be the concentration of the components. In Micro-Tom, the concentrations of sugars and organic acids increased by salinity in a lesser extent than in Optima. Moreover, contrary to that observed in the commercial variety, phenolic compounds and vitamin C did not increase by salinity in the dwarf variety. However, both varieties increased similarly the concentrations of carotenoids under saline conditions. Finally, fruit yield and most primary and secondary metabolite concentrations in Micro-Tom were not affected by N, K or Ca limitation. CONCLUSIONS The mutations leading to the dwarf phenotype did not greatly alter the metabolite profiles but studies using Micro-Tom as a plant model should consider the lower capacity for sugars and organic acids under saline conditions and the greater tolerance to nutrient limitation of the dwarf variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Flores
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC Grupo de Fertirriego y Calidad Hortofrutícola (IMIDA-CEBAS), Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC Grupo de Fertirriego y Calidad Hortofrutícola (IMIDA-CEBAS), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Fenoll
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC Grupo de Fertirriego y Calidad Hortofrutícola (IMIDA-CEBAS), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana Cava
- Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), c/ Mayor s/n, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Mestre
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC Grupo de Fertirriego y Calidad Hortofrutícola (IMIDA-CEBAS), Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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Watanabe M, Ayugase J. Effect of low temperature on flavonoids, oxygen radical absorbance capacity values and major components of winter sweet spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2095-104. [PMID: 25243392 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Winter sweet treatment (WST) has been established for cultivating high-quality leafy vegetables during the winter. Although it is known that chilling stress during cold acclimation induces oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species in plant tissues, knowledge about changes in antioxidant activity and compounds during WST in spinach is superficial. We investigated changes in flavonoids, total ascorbic acid, carotenoids and hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) along with components in three spinach varieties during low-temperature treatment by exposure to cold air in winter. RESULTS The H-ORAC values increased substantially together with total flavonoids and total ascorbic acid concentration. In addition, WST increased mono- and diglucosylated flavonoid derivatives with an ortho-dihydroxy (catechol) structure of lower molecular weight in spinach. These results suggest that WST contributes to the prevention of low-temperature-induced oxidative damage by increasing the level of antioxidant compounds, thereby improving antioxidant activity. Although sucrose concentrations were increased by WST, nitrate and oxalate concentrations did not increase in any variety. CONCLUSION WST can contribute to the increase in antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids and ascorbic acids, antioxidant activity and sucrose without increasing in nitrate and oxalate of spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Watanabe
- Agro-Production Technologies and Management Research Division, NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0198, Japan
| | - Jun Ayugase
- Agro-Production Technologies and Management Research Division, NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0198, Japan
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16
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Stutz H, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. Analytical tools for the analysis of β-carotene and its degradation products. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:650-80. [PMID: 25867077 PMCID: PMC4487603 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1022539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, possesses pronounced radical scavenging properties. This has centered the attention on β-carotene dietary supplementation in healthcare as well as in the therapy of degenerative disorders and several cancer types. However, two intervention trials with β-carotene have revealed adverse effects on two proband groups, that is, cigarette smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Beside other causative reasons, the detrimental effects observed have been related to the oxidation products of β-carotene. Their generation originates in the polyene structure of β-carotene that is beneficial for radical scavenging, but is also prone to oxidation. Depending on the dominant degradation mechanism, bond cleavage might occur either randomly or at defined positions of the conjugated electron system, resulting in a diversity of cleavage products (CPs). Due to their instability and hydrophobicity, the handling of standards and real samples containing β-carotene and related CPs requires preventive measures during specimen preparation, analyte extraction, and final analysis, to avoid artificial degradation and to preserve the initial analyte portfolio. This review critically discusses different preparation strategies of standards and treatment solutions, and also addresses their protection from oxidation. Additionally, in vitro oxidation strategies for the generation of oxidative model compounds are surveyed. Extraction methods are discussed for volatile and non-volatile CPs individually. Gas chromatography (GC), (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography (U)HPLC, and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are reviewed as analytical tools for final analyte analysis. For identity confirmation of analytes, mass spectrometry (MS) is indispensable, and the appropriate ionization principles are comprehensively discussed. The final sections cover analysis of real samples and aspects of quality assurance, namely matrix effects and method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Stutz
- Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - N. Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - P. M. Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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18
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Fernandes RF, Maia LF, Couri MRC, Costa LAS, de Oliveira LFC. Raman spectroscopy as a tool in differentiating conjugated polyenes from synthetic and natural sources. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 134:434-441. [PMID: 25033235 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the Raman spectroscopic characterization of synthetic analogs of natural conjugated polyenals found in octocorals, focusing the unequivocal identification of the chemical species present in these systems. The synthetic material was produced by the autocondensation reaction of crotonaldehyde, generating a demethylated conjugated polyene containing 11 carbon-carbon double bonds, with just a methyl group on the end of the carbon chain. The resonance Raman spectra of such pigment has shown the existence of enhanced modes assigned to ν₁(CC) and ν₂(CC) modes of the main chain. For the resonance Raman spectra of natural pigments from octocorals collected in the Brazilian coast, besides the previously cited bands, it could be also observed the presence of the ν₄(CCH₃), related to the vibrational mode who describes the vibration of the methyl group of the central carbon chain of carotenoids. Other interesting point is the observation of overtones and combination bands, which for carotenoids involves the presence of the ν₄ mode, whereas for the synthetic polyene this band, besides be seen at a slightly different wavenumber position, does not appear as an enhanced mode and also as a combination, such as for the natural carotenoids. Theoretical molecular orbital analysis of polyenal-11 and lycopene has shown the structural differences which are also responsible for the resonance Raman data, based on the appearance of the (CH3) vibrational mode in the resonant transition only for lycopene. At last, the Raman band at ca. 1010 cm(-1), assigned to the (CH₃) vibrational mode, can be used for attributing the presence of each one of the conjugated polyenes: the resonance Raman spectrum containing the band at ca. 1010 cm(-1) refers to the carotenoid (in this case lycopene), and the absence of such band in resonance conditions refers to the polyenal (in this case the polyenal-11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella F Fernandes
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lenize F Maia
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mara R C Couri
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio S Costa
- NEQC - Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando C de Oliveira
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Singh A, Ahmad S, Ahmad A. Green extraction methods and environmental applications of carotenoids-a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers and discusses various aspects of carotenoids including their chemistry, classification, biosynthesis, extraction methods (conventional and non-conventional), analytical techniques and biological roles in living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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20
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Rivera SM, Christou P, Canela-Garayoa R. Identification of carotenoids using mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:353-372. [PMID: 24178708 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review compiles positive MS fragmentation data of selected carotenoids obtained using various ionization techniques and matrices. In addition, new experimental data from the analysis of carotenoids in transgenic maize and rice callus are provided. Several carotenes and oxygen-functionalized carotenoids containing epoxy, hydroxyl, and ketone groups were ionized by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive ion mode. Thus, on the basis of the information obtained from the literature and our own experiments, we identified characteristic carotenoid ions that can be associated to functional groups in the structures of these compounds. In addition, pigments with a very similar structure were differentiated through comparison of the intensities of their fragments. The data provide a basis for the structural elucidation of carotenoids by mass spectrometry (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol M Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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21
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Kim HW, Kim JB, Poovan S, Chung MN, Cho SM, Lee YM, Cho YS, Kim JH, Kim HR. Effect of processing conditions on the content of cis/trans carotene isomers as provitamin A carotenoids in Korean sweet potato varieties. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:821-6. [PMID: 24990165 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.854742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation intends to evaluate the changes in the content of cis/trans carotene isomers as provitamin A carotenoids by steaming and roasting processes in the roots of four Korean sweet potato varieties viz. Shinzami, Younwhangmi, Chuwhangmi and Jinhongmi using a liquid chromatography with diode array detection and the negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (LC-DAD-APCI/MS) method and UV spectral pattern library created from several reference data. Except Shinzami, the content of all trans β-carotenes was found to slightly decreased or remained constant when steamed or roasted. The content of cis α-/β-carotenes was potentially increased about 2-fold or greater when raw or steamed and the content was slightly decreased while roasted. In Chuwhangmi, the content of 13-cis α-carotene and all trans α-carotenes were rapidly increased when steamed and slightly decreased when roasted. Chuwhangmi exhibited 27.2 mg/100 g DW content of all trans β-carotenes when roasted and thus, it was considered as a relatively superior cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Woong Kim
- Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration , Suwon , Republic of Korea and
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22
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Motilva MJ, Macià A, Romero MP, Labrador A, Domínguez A, Peiró L. Optimisation and validation of analytical methods for the simultaneous extraction of antioxidants: application to the analysis of tomato sauces. Food Chem 2014; 163:234-43. [PMID: 24912721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, simultaneous extraction of natural antioxidants (phenols and carotenoids) in complex matrices, such as tomato sauces, is presented. The tomato sauce antioxidant compounds studied were the phenolics hydroxytyrosol, from virgin olive oil, quercetin and its derivatives, from onions, and quercetin-rutinoside as well as the carotenoid, lycopene (cis and trans), from tomatoes. These antioxidant compounds were extracted simultaneously with n-hexane/acetone/ethanol (50/25/25, v/v/v). The phenolics were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and lycopene (cis- and trans-forms) was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). After studying the parameters of these methods, they were applied to the analysis of virgin olive oil, fresh onion, tomato concentrate and tomato powder, and commercial five tomato sauces. Subsequently, the results obtained in our laboratory were compared with those from the Gallina Blanca Star Group laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-Paz Romero
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Agustín Labrador
- Preparados Alimenticios S.A. subsidiary of Gallina Blanca Star Group, Plaza Europa 41, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Domínguez
- Preparados Alimenticios S.A. subsidiary of Gallina Blanca Star Group, Plaza Europa 41, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Peiró
- Preparados Alimenticios S.A. subsidiary of Gallina Blanca Star Group, Plaza Europa 41, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Pillay K, Siwela M, Derera J, Veldman FJ. Provitamin A carotenoids in biofortified maize and their retention during processing and preparation of South African maize foods. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:634-44. [PMID: 24741156 PMCID: PMC3982005 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Provitamin A-biofortified maize may contribute to alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD), in developing countries. However, processing the maize into food products may reduce its provitamin A content. The aims of this study were to determine the composition of provitamin A carotenoids in biofortified maize varieties as well as to assess their retention during processing of popular maize foods consumed in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The non-provitamin A carotenoid, zeaxanthin and the provitamin A carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, and trans and cis isomers of β-carotene, and other unidentified trans and cis isomers of β-carotene were detected in varying concentrations in the maize. Milling provitamin A-biofortified maize into mealie meal resulted in a higher retention of carotenoids compared to milling into samp. The highest retention of provitamin A carotenoids was observed in cooked phutu and cooked samp, whilst cooking into thin porridge resulted in the lowest retention of provitamin A carotenoids. In phutu, 96.6 ± 20.3% β-cryptoxanthin and 95.5 ± 13.6% of the β-carotene were retained after cooking. In samp, 91.9 ± 12.0% β-cryptoxanthin and 100.1 ± 8.8% β-carotene; and in thin porridge, 65.8 ± 4.6% β-cryptoxanthin and 74.7 ± 3.0% β-carotene were retained after cooking. This study demonstrates that provitamin A retention in maize is affected by the cooking method (and hence cooked food form) and therefore cooking methods that result in a good retention of provitamin A need to be identified and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthee Pillay
- />Discipline of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- />Discipline of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - John Derera
- />African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Frederick J. Veldman
- />Discipline of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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25
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Martano G, Bojaxhi E, Forstenlehner IC, Huber CG, Bresgen N, Eckl PM, Stutz H. Validation and application of sub-2 μm core-shell UHPLC-UV-ESI-Orbitrap MS for identification and quantification of β-carotene and selected cleavage products with preceding solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2909-24. [PMID: 24652151 PMCID: PMC3984670 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A validated ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method using 1.7 μm core–shell particles is presented for the identification and quantification of β-carotene (BC) and related cleavage products (CPs) in primary cell culture media. Besides BC, apo-4′-, apo-8′-, apo-10′-, and apo-12′-carotenals, as well as 5,6-epoxy-β-carotene, were selected as target analytes. Detection was performed via an 80-Hz diode array detector and an electrospray ionization–linear quadrupole ion trap–Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer, both hyphenated in series. Total analysis time was below 6 min with peak widths <12 s. Addition of trifluoroacetic acid and tetrahydrofuran to the mobile phase allowed for the mass spectrometric detection of BC and related CPs and reduced peak tailing due to improved solubility of hydrophobic analytes. Intra-day and inter-day precision for UV and mass spectrometric detection were ≤1.5 % for retention times and ≤5.1 % for peak areas. Instrumental linearity was confirmed by Mandel’s fitting test between 0.25 (or 1.00 μg/mL) and 5.00 μg/mL for UV detection. The higher sensitivity of mass spectrometric detection allowed for the coverage of three concentration domains between 0.025 and 5.00 μg/mL in linearity testing. Homoscedasticity was confirmed between 0.10 and 5.00 μg/mL for Orbitrap XL MS. The limits of quantification were between 52.6 and 889.4 ng/mL for UV detection and between 19.3 and 102.4 ng/L for mass spectrometric detection. Offline solid-phase extraction from culture media fortified with BC and CPs provided intra- and inter-day recoveries between 65.8 and 102.4 % with coefficients of variation ≤6.2 %. Primary rat hepatocyte cultures treated with BC and subjected to different oxidative stress conditions contained 5,6-epoxy-BC and apo-4′-carotenal besides residual BC. Apparently, 5,6-epoxy-BC was formed in the medium via autoxidation of BC by ambient oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Martano
- Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - E. Bojaxhi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - I. C. Forstenlehner
- Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - C. G. Huber
- Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - N. Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - P. M. Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - H. Stutz
- Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Bijttebier S, D’Hondt E, Noten B, Hermans N, Apers S, Voorspoels S. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography versus high performance liquid chromatography: Stationary phase selectivity for generic carotenoid screening. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1332:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sahadevan Y, Richter-Fecken M, Kaerger K, Voigt K, Boland W. Early and late trisporoids differentially regulate β-carotene production and gene transcript Levels in the mucoralean fungi Blakeslea trispora and Mucor mucedo. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:7466-75. [PMID: 24056470 PMCID: PMC3837771 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02096-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The multistep cleavage of carotenoids in Mucorales during the sexual phase results in a cocktail of trisporic acid (C18) sex pheromones. We hypothesized that the C18 trisporoid intermediates have a specific regulatory function for sex pheromone production and carotenogenesis that varies with genus/species and vegetative and sexual phases of their life cycles. Real-time quantitative PCR kinetics determined for Blakeslea trispora displayed a very high transcript turnover in the gene for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, tsp3, during the sexual phase. An in vivo enzyme assay and chromatographic analysis led to the identification of β-apo-12'-carotenal as the first apocarotenoid involved in trisporic acid biosynthesis in B. trispora. Supplementation of C18 trisporoids, namely D'orenone, methyl trisporate C, and trisporin C, increased tsp3 transcripts in the plus compared to minus partners. Interestingly, the tsp1 gene, which is involved in trisporic acid biosynthesis, was downregulated compared to tsp3 irrespective of asexual or sexual phase. Only the minus partners of both B. trispora and Mucor mucedo had enhanced β-carotene production after treatment with C20 apocarotenoids, 15 different trisporoids, and their analogues. We conclude that the apocarotenoids and trisporoids influence gene transcription and metabolite production, depending upon the fungal strain, corresponding genus, and developmental phase, representing a "chemical dialect" during sexual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Sahadevan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Mareike Richter-Fecken
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaerger
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Hans-Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Hans-Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Determination of egg yolk xanthophylls by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lai JF, Franke AA. Analysis of circulating lipid-phase micronutrients in humans by HPLC: review and overview of new developments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:23-41. [PMID: 23770735 PMCID: PMC4439215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10, carotenoids, and vitamin D are lipophilic compounds shown to function as important health-protective agents by mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative and other injury. Scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years, particularly in the nutritional, clinical and epidemiologic fields, and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC-based assays since 2007 for the simultaneous determination of these lipid-phase compounds utilizing exclusively serum or plasma as these matrices are mostly used in clinical and epidemiological investigations. We also provide an overview of blood measurements for selected carotenoids, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10 and retinol from the last 15years of healthy umbilical cord blood, children, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Lai
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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Sanches-Silva A, Ribeiro T, Albuquerque TG, Paseiro P, Sendón R, de Quirós AB, López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Soto Valdez H, Angulo I, Aurrekoetxea GP, Costa HS. Ultra-high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by-products and active food packaging. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:757-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sanches-Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - T. Ribeiro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - T. G. Albuquerque
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
| | - P. Paseiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - R. Sendón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - A. Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - J. López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnologia y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - D. I. Sánchez-Machado
- Departamento de Biotecnologia y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora; Cd. Obregón; Sonora; México
| | - H. Soto Valdez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., CIAD; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - I. Angulo
- Gaiker, Technological Center. Parque Tecnológico Edificio 202; Zamudio; Spain
| | - G. P. Aurrekoetxea
- Gaiker, Technological Center. Parque Tecnológico Edificio 202; Zamudio; Spain
| | - H. S. Costa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, I.P.; Av. Padre Cruz; Lisbon; Portugal
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Nagaraj S, Rajaram M, Arulmurugan P, Baskaraboopathy A, Karuppasamy K, Jayappriyan K, Sundararaj R, Rengasamy R. Antiproliferative potential of astaxanthin-rich alga Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow on human hepatic cancer (HepG2) cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Separation and quantification of 15 carotenoids by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection with isosbestic wavelength approach. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1233:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Atkinson NJ, Dew TP, Orfila C, Urwin PE. Influence of combined biotic and abiotic stress on nutritional quality parameters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9673-82. [PMID: 21830786 DOI: 10.1021/jf202081t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Induction of abiotic stress in tomato plants has been proposed as a mechanism for improving the nutritional quality of fruits. However, the occurrence of biotic stress can interfere with normal abiotic stress responses. In this study, the combined effect of water stress and infection with plant-parasitic nematodes on the nutritional quality of tomato was investigated. Plants were exposed to one or both stresses, and the levels of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and sugars in fruits were analyzed as well as physiological responses. Levels of carotenoids lycopene and β-carotene were lower in water-stressed tomatoes but exhibited a different response pattern under combined stress. Nematode stress was associated with increased flavonoid levels, albeit with reduced yields, while chlorogenic acid was increased by nematodes, water stress, and the combined stress. Sugar levels were higher only in tomatoes exposed to both stresses. These results emphasize the importance of studying plant stress factors in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Atkinson
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Ferreiro-Vera C, Mata-Granados J, Quesada Gómez J, Luque de Castro M. On-line coupling of automatic solid-phase extraction and HPLC for determination of carotenoids in serum. Talanta 2011; 85:1842-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Scotter M. Methods for the determination of European Union-permitted added natural colours in foods: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:527-96. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.555844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Chu FL, Pirastru L, Popovic R, Sleno L. Carotenogenesis up-regulation in Scenedesmus sp. using a targeted metabolomics approach by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3004-3013. [PMID: 21391679 DOI: 10.1021/jf105005q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids have potent antioxidant activity as well as therapeutic value, and their formation has been seen to be induced in algae by stress, including high-salt culture conditions. A differential profiling of carotenoids was conducted using a targeted metabolomics approach with accurate mass data generated by liquid chromatography-electrospray-time-of-flight (LC-ESI-TOF) mass spectrometry followed by postacquisition filtering based on isotope patterns and mass defects to detect carotenoids up-regulated in Scenedesmus sp. exposed to high-salt conditions. Algal cultures treated with high concentrations of sodium acetate or sodium chloride were found to cause an increase in various carotenoids. On the basis of differential analysis, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin increased upon salt treatment. Astaxanthin, in its free form and as fatty acid esters, was seen to increase in Scenedesmus sp. using accurate mass MS. A few other carotenoid compounds increased upon salt treatment, including echinenone and adonirubin, involved in the pathway of astaxanthin biosynthesis from β-carotene, as well as isomers of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. A time course study of acetate treatment was done to observe the time-dependent up-regulation of carotenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Lam Chu
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaqam, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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Zhou J, Bi W, Row KH. Optimization and development of a SPE-HPLC-UV method to determine astaxanthin in Saccharina japonica. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C441-6. [PMID: 21535812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An effective and accurate method including extraction, saponification, and separation was developed to determine astaxanthin (AX) in Saccharina japonica. The optimal extraction conditions with different solvents were investigated. 29.30 μg/g of AX was extracted from dry Saccharina japonica powder by solvent. After subsequent saponification, the extracted amount of AX was increased to 37.26 μg/g. Furthermore, 3 different ionic liquid-based silicas were prepared as sorbents for the solid phase extraction of AX from the extract. By comparing the adsorption isotherms of AX on different ionic liquid-based silicas, suitable sorbent was successfully selected and applied for separation of AX from extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Astaxanthin, in 3 main forms (free, monoesters, and diesters), can be obtained from marine plants and animals. By extraction with subsequent saponification, the astaxanthin was extracted from Saccharina japonica. And then, ionic liquid-based silicas were used to separate the astaxanthin from the extract solution. This method can be widely applied for determination, or even industrial separation and purification of astaxanthin from many other algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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38
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Chandi GK, Gill BS. Production and Characterization of Microbial Carotenoids as an Alternative to Synthetic Colors: a Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903256956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Rivera S, Vilaró F, Canela R. Determination of carotenoids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: effect of several dopants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1339-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Tonhosolo R, D'Alexandri FL, de Rosso VV, Gazarini ML, Matsumura MY, Peres VJ, Merino EF, Carlton JM, Wunderlich G, Mercadante AZ, Kimura EA, Katzin AM. Carotenoid biosynthesis in intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9974-85. [PMID: 19203994 PMCID: PMC2665121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807464200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are widespread lipophilic pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some nonphotosynthetic fungi and bacteria. All carotenoids are derived from the C40 isoprenoid precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, and their chemical and physical properties are associated with light absorption, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activity. Carotenoids are generally synthesized in well defined subcellular organelles, the plastids, which are also present in the phylum Apicomplexa, which comprises a number of important human parasites, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. Recently, it was demonstrated that Toxoplasma gondii synthesizes abscisic acid. We therefore asked if Plasmodium falciparum is also capable of synthesizing carotenoids. Herein, biochemical findings demonstrated the presence of carotenoid biosynthesis in the intraerythrocytic stages of the apicomplexan parasite P. falciparum. Using metabolic labeling with radioisotopes, in vitro inhibition tests with norflurazon, a specific inhibitor of plant carotenoid biosynthesis, the results showed that intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum synthesize carotenoid compounds. A plasmodial enzyme that presented phytoene synthase activity was also identified and characterized. These findings not only contribute to the current understanding of P. falciparum evolution but shed light on a pathway that could serve as a chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tonhosolo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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NAKORNRIAB MUNTANA, SRISEADKA TINAKORN, WONGPORNCHAI SUGUNYA. QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOID AND FLAVONOID COMPONENTS IN BRANS OF SOME THAI BLACK RICE CULTIVARS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2008.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Kurz C, Carle R, Schieber A. HPLC-DAD-MSn characterisation of carotenoids from apricots and pumpkins for the evaluation of fruit product authenticity. Food Chem 2008; 110:522-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Dugo P, Herrero M, Kumm T, Giuffrida D, Dugo G, Mondello L. Comprehensive normal-phase×reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of free carotenoids and carotenoid esters from mandarin. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1189:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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46
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Rezanka T, Nedbalová L, Sigler K, Cepák V. Identification of astaxanthin diglucoside diesters from snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:479-90. [PMID: 17681561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A method is described for the identification of astaxanthin glucoside esters from snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-MS/APCI). The method is based on the use of preparative HPLC and subsequent identification of astaxanthin diglucoside diesters by microbore LC-MS/APCI. The combination of these two techniques was used to identify more than 100 molecular species. The astaxanthin diglucoside diester, i.e. (all-E)-[di-(6-O-oleoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)]-astaxanthin, was also synthesized to unambiguously confirm its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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47
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48
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Perera CO, Yen GM. Functional Properties of Carotenoids in Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910601045271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Forgacs E, Cserhati T. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NATURAL PIGMENTS: NEW ADVANCES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120005702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Forgacs
- a Chemical Research Center , Institute of Chemistry , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 17, Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
| | - T. Cserhati
- b Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 17 , Institute of Chemistry , Budapest , 1525 , Hungary
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López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Gutiérrez-Coronado MA, Ríos-Vázquez NJ. Quantification of astaxanthin in shrimp waste hydrolysate by HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 20:981-4. [PMID: 16802328 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a simple and rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp waste hydrolysate has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure involves the direct extraction of astaxanthin from the lipid fraction with methanol. The analytical column, SS Exil ODS, was operated at 25C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of water:methanol:dichloromethane:acetonitrile (4.5:28:22:45.5 v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection and identification were performed using a photodiode array detector (lambda(detection) = 476 nm). The proposed HPLC method showed adequate linearity, repeatability and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, PO Box 541, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, México
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