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Bera I, O'Sullivan M, Flynn D, Shields DC. Relationship between Protein Digestibility and the Proteolysis of Legume Proteins during Seed Germination. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073204. [PMID: 37049968 PMCID: PMC10096060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume seed protein is an important source of nutrition, but generally it is less digestible than animal protein. Poor protein digestibility in legume seeds and seedlings may partly reflect defenses against herbivores. Protein changes during germination typically increase proteolysis and digestibility, by lowering the levels of anti-nutrient protease inhibitors, activating proteases, and breaking down storage proteins (including allergens). Germinating legume sprouts also show striking increases in free amino acids (especially asparagine), but their roles in host defense or other processes are not known. While the net effect of germination is generally to increase the digestibility of legume seed proteins, the extent of improvement in digestibility is species- and strain-dependent. Further research is needed to highlight which changes contribute most to improved digestibility of sprouted seeds. Such knowledge could guide the selection of varieties that are more digestible and also guide the development of food preparations that are more digestible, potentially combining germination with other factors altering digestibility, such as heating and fermentation. Techniques to characterize the shifts in protein make-up, activity and degradation during germination need to draw on traditional analytical approaches, complemented by proteomic and peptidomic analysis of mass spectrometry-identified peptide breakdown products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Bera
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darragh Flynn
- Flynn & Flynn Global Trade Ltd., T/A The Happy Pear, A67 EC56 Wicklow, Ireland
| | - Denis C Shields
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Pencheva D, Teneva D, Denev P. Validation of HPLC Method for Analysis of Gamma-Aminobutyric and Glutamic Acids in Plant Foods and Medicinal Plants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010084. [PMID: 36615278 PMCID: PMC9822420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals and plays an important role in the suppression of neurons' excitability. GABA is formed from the decarboxylation of glutamic acid (Glu), and both GABA and Glu could be considered as important biologically active food components. In the current study, we validated a HPLC method for concomitant detection of GABA and Glu in plant samples after derivatization with dansyl chloride. The validated method had high precision and a high recovery rate and was successfully used for GABA and Glu quantification in 55 plant foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, pseudocereals, and nuts) and 19 medicinal plants. Vegetables were the most important dietary source of these amino acids, with the highest quantity of GABA found in potatoes-44.86 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) and yellow cherry tomatoes-36.82 mg/100 g FW. The highest amount of Glu (53.58 mg/100 g FW) was found in red cherry tomatoes. Analyzed fruits were relatively poor in GABA and Glu, and European gooseberry was the richest fruit with 13.18 mg/100 g FW GABA and 10.95 mg/100 g FW Glu. Cereals, pseudocereals, nuts, and legumes contain much higher amounts of Glu than GABA. The obtained results enrich the available information on the content of gamma-aminobutyric and glutamic acids in plant foods and could be used for the development of GABA-enriched functional foods.
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3
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Willardiine and Its Synthetic Analogues: Biological Aspects and Implications in Peptide Chemistry of This Nucleobase Amino Acid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101243. [PMID: 36297355 PMCID: PMC9611319 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Willardiine is a nonprotein amino acid containing uracil, and thus classified as nucleobase amino acid or nucleoamino acid, that together with isowillardiine forms the family of uracilylalanines isolated more than six decades ago in higher plants. Willardiine acts as a partial agonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors and more in particular it agonizes the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptors of L-glutamate: ie. the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors. Several analogues and derivatives of willardiine have been synthesised in the laboratory in the last decades and these compounds show different binding affinities for the non-NMDA receptors. More in detail, the willardiine analogues have been employed not only in the investigation of the structure of AMPA and kainate receptors, but also to evaluate the effects of receptor activation in the various brain regions. Remarkably, there are a number of neurological diseases determined by alterations in glutamate signaling, and thus, ligands for AMPA and kainate receptors deserve attention as potential neurodrugs. In fact, similar to willardiine its analogues often act as agonists of AMPA and kainate receptors. A particular importance should be recognized to willardiine and its thymine-based analogue AlaT also in the peptide chemistry field. In fact, besides the naturally-occurring short nucleopeptides isolated from plant sources, there are different examples in which this class of nucleoamino acids was investigated for nucleopeptide development. The applications are various ranging from the realization of nucleopeptide/DNA chimeras for diagnostic applications, and nucleoamino acid derivatization of proteins for facilitating protein-nucleic acid interaction, to nucleopeptide-nucleopeptide molecular recognition for nanotechnological applications. All the above aspects on both chemistry and biotechnological applications of willardine/willardine-analogues and nucleopeptide will be reviewed in this work.
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4
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Karpowicz SJ. Kinetics of taurine biosynthesis metabolites with reactive oxygen species: Implications for antioxidant-based production of taurine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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CuI incorporated magnetic iminochitosan as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines possessing 2-formylpyrrole moiety and their subsequent reactions to the synthesis of isoxazole-5-one hybrid derivatives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Torán R, Puchán D, Sanz-Marco A, Vila C, Pedro JR, Blay G. Organocatalytic enantioselective Mannich reaction of isoxazol-5(4 H)-ones to isatin-derived ketimines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8395-8399. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01692c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction between isoxazol-5(4H)-ones and isatin-derived ketimines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Torán
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Dario Puchán
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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7
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Salaria S, Boatwright JL, Thavarajah P, Kumar S, Thavarajah D. Protein Biofortification in Lentils ( Lens culinaris Medik.) Toward Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869713. [PMID: 35449893 PMCID: PMC9016278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a nutritionally dense crop with significant quantities of protein, low-digestible carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The amino acid composition of lentil protein can impact human health by maintaining amino acid balance for physiological functions and preventing protein-energy malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, enhancing lentil protein quality through genetic biofortification, i.e., conventional plant breeding and molecular technologies, is vital for the nutritional improvement of lentil crops across the globe. This review highlights variation in protein concentration and quality across Lens species, genetic mechanisms controlling amino acid synthesis in plants, functions of amino acids, and the effect of antinutrients on the absorption of amino acids into the human body. Successful breeding strategies in lentils and other pulses are reviewed to demonstrate robust breeding approaches for protein biofortification. Future lentil breeding approaches will include rapid germplasm selection, phenotypic evaluation, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, and genome editing to select sequences that improve protein concentration and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Salaria
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Jon Lucas Boatwright
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | | | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Crop Improvement Program, International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Dil Thavarajah,
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8
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Torán R, Miguélez R, Sanz‐Marco A, Vila C, Pedro JR, Blay G. Asymmetric Addition and Cycloaddition Reactions with Ylidene‐Five‐Membered Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Torán
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Rubén Miguélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
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9
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Authentication of three main commercial Pheretima based on amino acids analysis. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1729-1738. [PMID: 34613459 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pheretima has been used as an animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years in Asian countries due to its multi-activities. However, more than half of the commercial Pheretima are adulterants according to the previous research. Besides, the standards of Pheretima are still inadequate in the identification of Pheretima species. In this study, an amino acids (AAs) analytical method established based on the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode through derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the total AAs of three main commercial Pheretima (two major Pheretima species, Amynthas aspergillum, Metaphire vulgaris, and one main counterfeit, M. magna). As a result, 16 AAs were detected and quantitated in their hydrolyzed samples. Then, multivariate statistical analysis was applied to distinguish the three commercial Pheretima based on their AAs level. Finally, four AAs (Thr, Glu, Asp, and Arg) were screened as species-differential AAs, which may be used as chemical markers to distinguish the three commercial Pheretima. This study deeply described the outline of AAs in Pheretima and offered a good reference for its species authentication.
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10
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Lee HW, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Fu C, Huang D. Physicochemical and functional properties of red lentil protein isolates from three origins at different pH. Food Chem 2021; 358:129749. [PMID: 33933978 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Red lentils (Lens culinaris) present an attractive raw material for meat mimics due to its red-coloured proteins, abundance, high protein and low cost. However, data on its functional properties at various pH remain scarce. In this study, the physicochemical and functional properties of red lentil proteins (RLP) from three origins (USA, Nepal and Turkey), isolated by isoelectric precipitation, were evaluated. Amino acid profiles, water holding (ranging from 3.1 to 3.5 g/g) and oil absorption (ranging from 5.8 to 7.3 g/g) capacities of RLP samples were significantly different (p < 0.05). RLP consisted of legumin and vicilin, and comprised predominantly glutamine/glutamic acid (ranging from 8.72 to 10.55 g/100 g). Surface charge, protein solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties were the lowest and poorest at pH 5.2 (isoelectric point). Overall, good functional properties of RLP under high acidity and alkalinity conditions make it a promising protein for mimicking a wide range of meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavour Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China.
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11
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Scognamiglio PL, Platella C, Napolitano E, Musumeci D, Roviello GN. From Prebiotic Chemistry to Supramolecular Biomedical Materials: Exploring the Properties of Self-Assembling Nucleobase-Containing Peptides. Molecules 2021; 26:3558. [PMID: 34200901 PMCID: PMC8230524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides and their synthetic analogs are a class of molecules with enormous relevance as therapeutics for their ability to interact with biomacromolecules like nucleic acids and proteins, potentially interfering with biological pathways often involved in the onset and progression of pathologies of high social impact. Nucleobase-bearing peptides (nucleopeptides) and pseudopeptides (PNAs) offer further interesting possibilities related to their nucleobase-decorated nature for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, thanks to their reported ability to target complementary DNA and RNA strands. In addition, these chimeric compounds are endowed with intriguing self-assembling properties, which are at the heart of their investigation as self-replicating materials in prebiotic chemistry, as well as their application as constituents of innovative drug delivery systems and, more generally, as novel nanomaterials to be employed in biomedicine. Herein we describe the properties of nucleopeptides, PNAs and related supramolecular systems, and summarize some of the most relevant applications of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Platella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.M.)
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini IBB-CNR, via Tommaso De Amicis 95, I-80145 Naples, Italy
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12
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Compton KK, Scharf BE. Rhizobial Chemoattractants, the Taste and Preferences of Legume Symbionts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686465. [PMID: 34017351 PMCID: PMC8129513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of host-microbe interactions between legumes and their cognate rhizobia requires localization of the bacteria to productive sites of initiation on the plant roots. This end is achieved by the motility apparatus that propels the bacterium and the chemotaxis system that guides it. Motility and chemotaxis aid rhizobia in their competitiveness for space, resources, and nodulation opportunities. Here, we examine studies on chemotaxis of three major model rhizobia, namely Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, cataloging their range of attractant molecules and correlating this in the context of root and seed exudate compositions. Current research areas will be summarized, gaps in knowledge discussed, and future directions described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit E. Scharf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences I, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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13
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Zha F, Rao J, Chen B. Modification of pulse proteins for improved functionality and flavor profile: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3036-3060. [PMID: 33798275 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumers' preference to have a healthy eating pattern has led to an increasing demand for more nutrient-dense and healthier plant-based foods. Pulse proteins are exceptional quality ingredients with potential nutritional benefits, and might act as health-promoting agents for addressing the new-generation foods. However, the utilization of pulse protein in foods has been hampered by its relatively poor functionality and unpleasant flavor. Protein structure modification has been proved to be a useful means to improve the functionality and flavor profile of pulse protein. This paper begins with a brief introduction of hierarchical structure of pulse protein materials to better understand the structure characteristics. A comprehensive review is presented on the current techniques including chemical and enzymatic modifications and molecular breeding on pulse protein structure and functionality/flavor. The mechanism and the limitations and the toxicological concerns of these approaches are discussed. We conclude that understanding protein structure-functionality relationship is extremely valuable in tailoring proteins for specific functional outcomes and expanding the availability of pulse proteins. Furthermore, selective protein modification is a valuable in-depth toolkit for generating novel protein constructs with preferable functional attributes and flavor profiles. Innovative structure modification with special focus on the molecular basis for the exquisite protein designs is a pillar of pulse protein access to the desired functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Zha
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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14
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Hu W, He X, Zhou T, Zuo Y, Zhang S, Yang T, Shang Y. Construction of isoxazolone-fused phenanthridines via Rh-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/cyclization of 3-arylisoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:552-556. [PMID: 33367424 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(iii)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation/intramolecular cyclization of 3-aryl-5-isoxazolones with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones was described, leading to the formation of isoxazolo[2,3-f]phenanthridine skeletons. The protocol features the simultaneous one-pot formation of two new C-C/C-N bonds and one heterocycle in moderate-to-good yields with good functional group compatibility. It is amenable to large-scale synthesis and further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangcheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Youpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
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15
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Brière JF, Waser M, Massa A, Macchia A, Eitzinger A. Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoxazol-5-ones and Isoxazolidin-5-ones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIsoxazol-5-ones and isoxazolidin-5-ones represent two important classes of heterocycles, with several applications as bioactive compounds and as versatile building blocks for further transformations. Unlike the parent aromatic isoxazoles, the presence of one or two stereocenters in the ring renders their asymmetric construction particularly important. In this review, starting from the description of general features and differences between these two related compound families, we present an overview on the most important enantioselective synthesis strategies to access these heterocycles. Both chiral metal catalysts and organocatalysts have recently been successfully employed for this task and some of the most promising approaches will be discussed.1 Introduction2 Isoxazol-5-ones as Nucleophiles2.1 Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles2.2 Isoxazol-5-ones as N-Nucleophiles2.3 Isoxazol-5-ones as C-Nucleophiles in Cyclization Processes3 Asymmetric Construction of Isoxazolidin-5-ones3.1 Enantioselective α-Functionalizations of Isoxazolidin-5-ones4 Arylideneisoxazol-5-ones in Conjugated Addition5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Antonio Massa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’, University of Salerno
| | - Antonio Macchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology ‘A. Zambelli’, University of Salerno
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16
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Musumeci D, Mokhir A, Roviello GN. Synthesis and nucleic acid binding evaluation of a thyminyl l-diaminobutanoic acid-based nucleopeptide. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103862. [PMID: 32428744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis of a l-diaminobutanoic acid (DABA)-based nucleopeptide (3), with an oligocationic backbone, realized by solid phase peptide synthesis using thymine-bearing DABA moieties alternating in the sequence with free ones. CD studies evidenced the ability of this oligothymine nucleopeptide, well soluble in aqueous solution, to alter the secondary structure particularly of complementary RNA (poly rA vs poly rU) and inosine-rich RNAs, like poly rI and poly rIC, and showed its preference in binding double vs single-stranded DNAs. Furthermore, ESI mass spectrometry revealed that 3 bound also G-quadruplex (G4) DNAs, with either parallel or antiparallel topologies (adopted in our experimental conditions by c-myc and tel22, respectively). However, it caused detectable changes only in the CD of c-myc (whose parallel G4 structure was also thermally stabilized by ~3 °C), while leaving unaltered the antiparallel structure of tel22. Interestingly, CD and UV analyses suggested that 3 induced a hybrid mixed parallel/antiparallel G4 DNA structure in a random-coil tel22 DNA obtained under salt-free buffer conditions. Titration of the random-coil telomeric DNA with 3 gave quantitative information on the stoichiometry of the obtained complex. Overall, the findings of this work suggest that DABA-based nucleopeptides are synthetic nucleic acid analogues potentially useful in antigene and antisense strategies. Nevertheless, the hexathymine DABA-nucleopeptide shows an interesting behaviour as molecular tool per se thanks to its efficacy in provoking G4 induction in random coil G-rich DNA, as well as for the possibility to bind and stabilize c-myc oncogene in a G4 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini IBB - CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich Alexander University, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni N Roviello
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini IBB - CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Torán R, Vila C, Sanz-Marco A, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR, Blay G. Organocatalytic Enantioselective 1,6-aza
-Michael Addition of Isoxazolin-5-ones to p
-Quinone Methides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Torán
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de València; C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de València; C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de València; C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - M. Carmen Muñoz
- Departament de Física Aplicada; Universitat Politècnica de València; 46071 València Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de València; C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de València; C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
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18
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Qi SS, Jiang ZH, Chu MM, Wang YF, Chen XY, Ju WZ, Xu DQ. Regioselective catalytic asymmetric N-alkylation of isoxazol-5-ones with para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2398-2404. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective and enantioselective N-alkylation of isoxazol-5-ones with para-quinone methides has been developed to obtain enantioenriched N-diarylmethane substituted isoxazolinones with high yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo-Suo Qi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Zhen-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Ming-Ming Chu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Xue-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Wan-Zhen Ju
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
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19
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la Cour R, Jørgensen H, Schjoerring JK. Improvement of Tryptophan Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Through the Evaluation of Multiple Parameters. Front Chem 2019; 7:797. [PMID: 31803725 PMCID: PMC6877746 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is a key component in many biological processes and an essential amino acid in food and feed materials. Analysis of the tryptophan content in proteins or protein-containing matrices has always been a challenge. We show here that the preparation of samples prior to tryptophan analysis can be significantly simplified, and the time consumption reduced, by using ascorbic acid as antioxidant to eliminate the problem of tryptophan degradation during alkaline hydrolysis. Combined with separation by HPLC and detection by Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, this allows the analytical run time to be reduced to 10 min. The alkaline hydrolysate obtained in the method presented here may be combined with the oxidized hydrolysate obtained when sulfur-containing amino acids are to be measured, thus essentially providing two analyses for the time of one.
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20
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Khazaei H, Subedi M, Nickerson M, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J, Vandenberg A. Seed Protein of Lentils: Current Status, Progress, and Food Applications. Foods 2019; 8:E391. [PMID: 31487958 PMCID: PMC6769807 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are widely recognized as staple sources of dietary protein worldwide. Lentil seeds are an excellent source of plant-based proteins and represent a viable alternative to animal and soybean proteins for food processing formulations. Lentil proteins provide not only dietary amino acids but are also a source of bioactive peptides that provide health benefits. This review focuses on the current knowledge of seed protein, extraction and isolation methods, bioactive peptides, and food applications of lentil protein. Lentil is the most rapidly expanding crop for direct human consumption, and has potential for greater impact as a protein source for food processing applications. Improvements in lentil protein quality, amino acid composition, and processing fractions will enhance the nutritional quality of this rapidly expanding crop globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khazaei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Maya Subedi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Mike Nickerson
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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21
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NMR Based Metabolomic Analysis of Health Promoting Phytochemicals in Lentils. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080168. [PMID: 31412621 PMCID: PMC6724105 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentils are a high-protein plant food and a valuable source of human nutrition, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. However, beyond sustenance, there is evidence that the consumption of lentils (and legumes in general) is associated with decreased risk of diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lentils contain health-promoting phytochemicals, such as trigonelline and various polyphenolics. Fourteen lentil genotypes were grown at three locations to explore the variation in phytochemical composition in hulls and cotyledons. Significant differences were measured between genotypes and environments, with some genotypes more affected by environment than others. However, there was a strong genetic effect which indicated that future breeding programs could breed for lentils that product more of these health-promoting phytochemicals.
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22
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Li W, Wu X, Yuan X, Zhou W, Wu T. Rapid evaluation of γ-aminobutyric acid in foodstuffs by direct real-time mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 277:617-623. [PMID: 30502194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real-time ionization coupled with mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was first applied for the rapid determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in foods. Samples of germinated barley and fermented beans containing GABA at different levels were used, and the results were compared with those obtained by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS). After a series of optimization, a simple sample extraction procedure using 30% methanol aqueous solution was conducted, followed by direct determination of sample extracts without chromatographic separation or prior derivatization. The optimized DART-MS method exhibited low limits of detection (0.040 mg·kg-1) and good recovery rates (88.6%-104%). The Aspergillus oryzae-fermented black beans produced the highest amount GABA. The results for the samples slightly varied between DART-MS and UHPLC-ESI-MS. Current findings indicate that DART-MS could be a high-throughput alternative to classic UHPLC-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Li
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, No. 9999 Hongguang Avenue, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, No. 9999 Hongguang Avenue, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xv Yuan
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, No. 9999 Hongguang Avenue, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, No. 9999 Hongguang Avenue, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Chen BY, Huang HW, Cheng MC, Wang CY. Influence of high-pressure processing on the generation of γ-aminobutyric acid and microbiological safety in coffee beans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5625-5631. [PMID: 29700833 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-pressure processing (HPP) on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, glutamic acid (Glu) content, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, growth of Aspergillus fresenii, and accumulated ochratoxin A (OTA) content in coffee beans. RESULTS The results indicated that coffee beans subjected to HPP at pressures ≥50 MPa for 5 min increased GAD activity and promoted the conversion of Glu to GABA, and showed a significantly doubling of GABA content compared with unprocessed coffee beans. Additionally, investigation of the influence of HPP on A. fresenii growth on coffee beans showed that application ≥400 MPa reduced A. fresenii concentrations to <1 log. Furthermore, during a 50-day storage period, we observed that a processing pressure of 600 MPa completely inhibited A. fresenii growth, and on day 50 the OTA content of coffee beans subjected to processing pressures of 600 MPa was 0.0066 μg g-1 , which was significantly lower than the OTA content of 0.1143 μg g-1 in the control group. CONCLUSION This study shows that HPP treatment can simultaneously increase GABA content and inhibit the growth of A. fresenii, thereby effectively reducing the production and accumulation of OTA and maintaining the microbiological safety of coffee beans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Yuan Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Cheng
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Yuanlin, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wang
- Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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24
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Roviello GN. Novel insights into nucleoamino acids: biomolecular recognition and aggregation studies of a thymine-conjugated L-phenyl alanine. Amino Acids 2018; 50:933-941. [PMID: 29766280 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This article deals with the synthesis in solid phase and characterization of a nucleoamino amide, based on a phenylalaninamide moiety which was N-conjugated to a thymine nucleobase. In analogy to the natural nucleobase-amino acid conjugates, endowed with a wide range of biological properties, the nucleoamino amide interacts with single-stranded nucleic acids as verified in DNA- and RNA-binding assays conducted by CD and UV spectroscopies. These technologies were used to show also that this conjugate binds serum proteins altering significantly their secondary structure, as evidenced by CD and UV using BSA as a model. The biomolecular recognition seems to rely on the ability of the novel compound to bind aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties in protein and nucleic acids, not hindered by its propensity to self-assemble in aqueous solution, behavior suggested by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and CD spectroscopy in concentration- and temperature-dependent experiments. Finally, the high stability in human serum concurs to define the picture of the nucleoamino amide: this enzymatically stable drug candidate could interfere with protein and single-stranded nucleic acid-driven biological processes, particularly those associated with mRNA poly(A) tail, and its self-assembling nature, in analogy to other L-Phe-based systems, discloses new scenarios in drug delivery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni N Roviello
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR (UOS Napoli centro), 80134, Naples, Italy.
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25
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Farag MA, Khattab AR, Ehrlich A, Kropf M, Heiss AG, Wessjohann LA. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling of Nutrients and Antinutrients in Eight Lens and Lupinus Seeds (Fabaceae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4267-4280. [PMID: 29561614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lens culinaris and several Lupinus species are two legumes regarded as potential protein resources aside from their richness in phytochemicals. Consequently, characterization of their metabolite composition seems warranted to be considered as a sustainable commercial functional food. This study presents a discriminatory holistic approach for metabolite profiling in accessions of four lentil cultivars and four Lupinus species via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 107 metabolites were identified, encompassing organic and amino acids, sugars, and sterols, along with antinutrients, viz., alkaloids and sugar phosphates. Among the examined specimens, four nutritionally valuable accessions ought to be prioritized for future breeding to include Lupinus hispanicus, enriched in organic ( ca. 11.7%) and amino acids ( ca. 5%), and Lupinus angustifolius, rich in sucrose ( ca. 40%), along with two dark-colored lentil cultivars 'verte du Puy' and 'Black Beluga' enriched in peptides. Antinutrient chemicals were observed in Lupinus polyphyllus, owing to its high alkaloid content. Several species-specific markers were also revealed using multivariate data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Kasr el Aini Street , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering , The American University in Cairo , New Cairo 11835 , Egypt
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport , Post Office Box 1029, Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Anja Ehrlich
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3 , D-06120 Halle , Germany
| | - Matthias Kropf
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Gregor Mendel-Straße 33 , 1180 Vienna , Austria
| | - Andreas G Heiss
- Department for Bioarchaeology, Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI) , Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3 , D-06120 Halle , Germany
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26
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zhang G, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah SN. Traditional plant based medicines used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Noor R, Mulk Khan S, Ahmad F, Hussain M, Abd_Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Hashem A, Aldubise A. The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under salt marsh habitat in Swat, Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1639-1645. [PMID: 29062262 PMCID: PMC5643846 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research study evaluate and identify the most suitable and high yielding genotypes of Lens culinaris for the salt marsh habitat of Swat in moist temperate sort of agro climatic environment of Pakistan. A total of fourteen genotypes were cultivated and analyzed through Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). These genotypes were AZRC-4, NL-2, NL4, NL-5, NL-6, NARC-11-1, NARC-11-2, NARC-11-3, NARC-11-4, 09503, 09505, 09506, P.Masoor-09 and Markaz-09. Different parameters i.e., germination rate, flowering, physiological maturity, plant height, biological grain yield, seed weight, pods formation and its height, pods per plants and protein content were focused specially throughout the study. Preliminary the Lentil genotypes have significant variability in all the major morpho-agronomic traits. The days to germination, 50% flowering and 100 seed weight ranged from 7 to 9, 110 to 116 days, and from 5.4 to 7.3 gm respectively. Biological yield and grain yield ranged from 5333 to 9777 kg ha−1 and 1933 to 3655 kg ha−1 respectively. Whereas, protein contents ranged from 23.21% to 28.45%. It was concluded that the genotype AZRC-4 is better varity in terms of grain yield plus in 100 seed weight and moreover, 09506 genotype was significant under salt marsh habitat in early maturing for the Swat Valley, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Noor
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fayaz Ahmad
- Agriculture Research Institute, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hussain
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, Collage of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi
- Department of Plant Production, Collage of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Aldubise
- Department of Plant Production, Collage of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Barba FJ, Poojary MM, Wang J, Olsen K, Orlien V. Effect of high pressure processing and storage on the free amino acids in seedlings of Brussels sprouts. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Becker T, Pasteels J, Weigel C, Dahse HM, Voigt K, Boland W. A tale of four kingdoms – isoxazolin-5-one- and 3-nitropropanoic acid-derived natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:343-360. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence, structural diversity, (bio-)synthesis, properties and detoxification mechanisms of isoxazolinone- and 3-nitropropanoic acid-derived natural compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Becker
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Jacques Pasteels
- Department of Biology
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Christiane Weigel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans Knoell Institute
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
- Jena
- Germany
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30
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Fichtner M, Voigt K, Schuster S. The tip and hidden part of the iceberg: Proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic aliphatic amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3258-3269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Algal products beyond lipids: Comprehensive characterization of different products in direct saponification of green alga Chlorella sp. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Servillo L, Giovane A, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. Where does N(ε)-trimethyllysine for the carnitine biosynthesis in mammals come from? PLoS One 2014; 9:e84589. [PMID: 24454731 PMCID: PMC3890275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nε-trimethyllysine (TML) is a non-protein amino acid which takes part in the biosynthesis of carnitine. In mammals, the breakdown of endogenous proteins containing TML residues is recognized as starting point for the carnitine biosynthesis. Here, we document that one of the main sources of TML could be the vegetables which represent an important part of daily alimentation for most mammals. A HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method, which we previously developed for the analysis of NG-methylarginines, was utilized to quantitate TML in numerous vegetables. We report that TML, believed to be rather rare in plants as free amino acid, is, instead, ubiquitous in them and at not negligible levels. The occurrence of TML has been also confirmed in some vegetables by a HPLC method with fluorescence detection. Our results establish that TML can be introduced as free amino acid in conspicuous amounts from vegetables. The current opinion is that mammals utilize the breakdown of their endogenous proteins containing TML residues as starting point for carnitine biosynthesis. However, our finding raises the question of whether a tortuous and energy expensive route as the one of TML formation from the breakdown of endogenous proteins is really preferred when the substance is so easily available in vegetable foods. On the basis of this result, it must be taken into account that in mammals TML might be mainly introduced by diet. However, when the alimentary intake becomes insufficient, as during starvation, it might be supplied by endogenous protein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdAl scarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Gorgônio CMDS, Aranda DAG, Couri S. Morphological and chemical aspects of <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis gracilis</i> microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2013.57094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Atkinson RRL, Burrell MM, Osborne CP, Rose KE, Rees M. A non-targeted metabolomics approach to quantifying differences in root storage between fast- and slow-growing plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:200-211. [PMID: 22924406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Life history theory posits that slower-growing species should invest proportionally more resources to storage, structural (e.g. stems) or defence traits than fast-growing species. Previously, we showed that the slower-growing monocarpic plants had lower mortality rates and higher bolting probabilities after two defoliation events. Here, we consider a mechanistic explanation, that the slower-growing species invested relatively more resources to storage. We compared the relative levels of root storage compounds between eight monocarpic species using metabolomic profiling, and characterized plant growth using a size-corrected estimate of relative growth rate (RGR). Growth rate was negatively correlated with the proportional allocation of root metabolites identified as sucrose, raffinose and stachyose and with amino acids known for their roles in nitrogen storage, particularly proline and arginine. The total amount and concentration of energy-corrected carbohydrates were also negatively correlated with RGR. Our results show for the first time that slower-growing species invest proportionally more of their total root metabolites in carbon- and nitrogen-storage compounds. We conclude that the increased investment in these reserves is an important resource allocation strategy underlying the growth-survival trade-off in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R L Atkinson
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mike M Burrell
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karen E Rose
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark Rees
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Davids M, Ndika JD, Salomons GS, Blom HJ, Teerlink T. Promiscuous activity of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase is responsible for the synthesis of the novel cardiovascular risk factor homoarginine. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3653-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Piergiovanni AR, Damascelli A. L-Homoarginine Accumulation in Grass Pea (<i>Lathyrus sativus</i> L.) Dry Seeds. A Preliminary Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2011.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Zemnukhova LA, Makarenko NV, Tishchenko LY, Kovaleva EV. Studies of the amino acid composition of wastes of production of rice, buckwheat, and sunflower. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010070241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsopmo A, Muir AD. Chemical profiling of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Cultivars and isolation of compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8715-8721. [PMID: 20617853 DOI: 10.1021/jf101412y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed to obtain fingerprints of secondary metabolites of 12 lentil cultivars grown under the same environmental condition. Extracts (100% methanol and methanol-water (1:1)) were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Full photodiode array (191-360 nm) data were collected and used for cluster analysis. Methanol and methanol-water extracts showed slightly different clustering patterns. In the dendogram of methanol extracts, CDC Richlea appeared as an isolated group, whereas Indianhead was the isolated group in methanol-water extracts. The cultivar CDC Milestone was selected for further evaluation because of the presence of three peaks (8.9, 16.7, and 32.7 min) that were absent in other cultivars or present in very small amounts. Chromatographic separations of the methanol extract afforded several compounds including the novel 4-chloro-1H-indole-3-N-methylacetamide (13) as well as itaconic acid (3), arbutin (5), gentisic acid 5-O-[beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-xylopyranoside] (9), and (6S,7Z,9R)-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (14), which are described for the first time from lentils. Structures were determined by high-resolution NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Sánchez-Hernández L, Puchalska P, García-Ruiz C, Crego AL, Marina ML. Determination of trigonelline in seeds and vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis as a novel marker for the detection of adulterations in olive oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7489-7496. [PMID: 20550116 DOI: 10.1021/jf100550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method with UV detection was developed for the first time for the determination of the pyridine betaine trigonelline (N-methylnicotinic acid) in seeds and vegetable oils. Analytical characteristics of the method showed its good performance in terms of linearity (r > 0.999), precision (relative standard deviations < 5%), and limits of detection (up to 0.9 microM or 1 ng/g for oils). The developed method was applied to the analysis of soy and sunflower seeds, three varieties of olives, and sunflower, soy, and extra virgin olive oils. Trigonelline was determined in soy and sunflower seeds and their respective oils, whereas it was not detected in olives or olive oils. Different mixtures of extra virgin olive oil with seed oils were analyzed, detecting up to 10% of soy oil in olive oil. As a consequence, trigonelline is proposed in this work as a novel marker for the detection of adulterations of olive oils with other vegetable oils such as soy and sunflower oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcala, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcala de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Pulse proteins: Processing, characterization, functional properties and applications in food and feed. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Shimada M, Hasegawa T, Nishimura C, Kan H, Kanno T, Nakamura T, Matsubayashi T. Anti-Hypertensive Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-RichChlorellaon High-Normal Blood Pressure and Borderline Hypertension in Placebo-Controlled Double Blind Study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 31:342-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10641960902977908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rodríguez C, Frias J, Vidal-Valverde C, Hernández A. Correlations between some nitrogen fractions, lysine, histidine, tyrosine, and ornithine contents during the germination of peas, beans, and lentils. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gulewicz P, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J, Ciesiołka D, Gulewicz K, Vidal-Valverde C. Effect of germination on the protein fraction composition of different lupin seeds. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fikre A, Korbu L, Kuo YH, Lambein F. The contents of the neuro-excitatory amino acid β-ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid), and other free and protein amino acids in the seeds of different genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.). Food Chem 2008; 110:422-7. [PMID: 26049235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The free and protein amino acids of nine different genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds were analysed by HPLC with pre-column PITC (phenyl isothiocyanate) derivatisation. Among the free amino acids, homoarginine was quantitatively the most important (up to 0.8% seed weight) and stable while the neuro-excitatory amino acid β-ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid) showed highest variation (0.02-0.54%) in the nine genotypes examined. Among protein amino acids, glutamic acid was quantitatively most significant, followed by aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, lysine and proline. The sulphur amino acid, methionine, showed the lowest concentration in all the L. sativus genotypes, and also in lentil (Lens culinaris) and in soybean (Glycine max) seeds analysed at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asnake Fikre
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Lijalem Korbu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Yu-Haey Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Fernand Lambein
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Castro-Puyana M, Crego AL, Marina ML, García-Ruiz C. CE methods for the determination of non-protein amino acids in foods. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4031-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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46
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Delatorre P, Rocha BAM, Souza EP, Oliveira TM, Bezerra GA, Moreno FBMB, Freitas BT, Santi-Gadelha T, Sampaio AH, Azevedo WF, Cavada BS. Structure of a lectin from Canavalia gladiata seeds: new structural insights for old molecules. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:52. [PMID: 17683532 PMCID: PMC1955443 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-7-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are mainly described as simple carbohydrate-binding proteins. Previous studies have tried to identify other binding sites, which possible recognize plant hormones, secondary metabolites, and isolated amino acid residues. We report the crystal structure of a lectin isolated from Canavalia gladiata seeds (CGL), describing a new binding pocket, which may be related to pathogen resistance activity in ConA-like lectins; a site where a non-protein amino-acid, alpha-aminobutyric acid (Abu), is bound. RESULTS The overall structure of native CGL and complexed with alpha-methyl-mannoside and Abu have been refined at 2.3 A and 2.31 A resolution, respectively. Analysis of the electron density maps of the CGL structure shows clearly the presence of Abu, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION The presence of Abu in a plant lectin structure strongly indicates the ability of lectins on carrying secondary metabolites. Comparison of the amino acids composing the site with other legume lectins revealed that this site is conserved, providing an evidence of the biological relevance of this site. This new action of lectins strengthens their role in defense mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plínio Delatorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Formation and Reduction of Acrylamide in Maillard Reaction: A Review Based on the Current State of Knowledge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2007; 47:521-42. [PMID: 17558658 DOI: 10.1080/10408390600920070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent report of elevated acrylamide levels in heat processing foods evoked an international health alarm. Acrylamide, an acknowledged potential genetic and reproductive toxin with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in experimental mammalians, has been found in various heat processing foods. Many original contributions reported their findings on the formation mechanism and possible reduction methods of acrylamide. The aim of this review article is to summarize the state-of-the-art about the formation and reduction of acrylamide in the Maillard reaction. This research progress includes mechanistic studies on the correlation between the Maillard reaction and acrylamide, the formation mechanism of acrylamide, the main pathways of formation and impact factors on formation including cultivars, storage temperature, storage time, heat temperature, heat time, environmental pH, concentration of precursors, effects of food matrixes, type of oil, etc. Meanwhile, primary mechanisms on the reduction of acrylamide as well as reduction pathways including material and processing related ways and use of exogenous chemical additives are systematically reviewed. The mitigation studies on acrylamide are also summarized by the Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU (CIAA) "Toolbox" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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48
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FRIAS J, MARTINEZVILLALUENGA C, GULEWICZ P, PEREZROMERO A, PILARSKI R, GULEWICZ K, VIDALVALVERDE C. Biogenic amines and HL60 citotoxicity of alfalfa and fenugreek sprouts. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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HONJOH KI, MACHIDA T, NISHI K, MATSUURA K, SOLI KW, SAKAI T, ISHIKAWA H, MATSUMOTO K, MIYAMOTO T, IIO M. Improvement of Freezing and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Taurine. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.13.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kergoat GJ, Silvain JF, Delobel A, Tuda M, Anton KW. Defining the limits of taxonomic conservatism in host-plant use for phytophagous insects: molecular systematics and evolution of host-plant associations in the seed-beetle genus Bruchus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 43:251-69. [PMID: 17276089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the limits of taxonomic conservatism in host-plant use in the seed-beetle genus Bruchus. To reconstruct the insect phylogeny, parsimony and multiple partitioned Bayesian inference analyses were conducted on a combined data set of four genes. Permutation tests and both global and local maximum-likelihood optimizations of host preferences at distinct taxonomic levels revealed that host-fidelity is still discernible beyond the host-plant tribe level, suggesting the existence of more important than previously thought evolutionary constraints, which are further discussed in details. Our tree topologies are also mostly consistent with extant taxonomic groups. Through the analysis of this empirical data set we also provide meaningful insights on two methodological issues. First, Bayesian inference analyses suggest that partitioning by using codon positions greatly increase the accuracy of phylogenetical reconstructions. Regarding reconstruction of ancestral character states through maximum likelihood, the present study also highlights the usefulness of local optimizations. The issue of over-parameterization is also addressed, as the optimizations with the most parameter-rich models have returned the most counterintuitive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël J Kergoat
- INRA, Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations (CBGP-UMR1062), Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
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