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Al-Kashef AS, Nooman MU, Rashad MM, Hashem AH, Abdelraof M. Production and optimization of novel Sphorolipids from Candida parapsilosis grown on potato peel and frying oil wastes and their adverse effect on Mucorales fungal strains. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:79. [PMID: 37095542 PMCID: PMC10125861 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BRIEF INTRODUCTION Mucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects. AIM AND OBJECTIVES This study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs) from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW) and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes fungi. RESULTS The screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m) with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4-10) and temperature (10-100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection caused by black fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mona M Rashad
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Dokki, Egypt.
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Biotransformation of Citrus Waste-I: Production of Biofuel and Valuable Compounds by Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is the largest grown fruit crop on the globe with an annual production of ~110–124 million tons. Approximately, 45–55% of the whole fruit post-processing is generally discarded as waste by the food processing industries. The waste is a huge problem to the environment in terms of land and water pollution along with displeasure from aesthetic viewpoint and spread of diseases owing to its huge content of fermentable sugars. The waste can be utilized as a raw material feedstock for producing a number of valuable chemicals and products, such as bioethanol, biogas, bio-oil, organic acids, enzymes, and so on. The production of these chemicals from waste biomass gives an inexpensive alternative to the harsh chemicals used during industrial synthesis processes as well as the possibility of controlling pollution from the waste discarded to the environment. The derived chemicals can be further utilized in the production of industrially important chemicals, as solvents and building blocks of newer chemicals. Furthermore, organic acids, pectin, enzymes, prebiotics, etc., derived from citrus wastes have an edge over their synthetic counterparts in practical applications in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries.
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Jahan N, Shahid F, Aman A, Mujahid TY, Qader SAU. Utilization of agro waste pectin for the production of industrially important polygalacturonase. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00330. [PMID: 28664192 PMCID: PMC5480273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a variety of agro-industrial wastes have been utilized for meaningful purpose to produce valuable biocatalyst. All wastes used were low cost and easily accessible while, some available throughout the year. A number of bacterial strains isolated from rotten fruits and vegetables were screened for the production of industrially important polygalacturonase (PGase) using pectin present in these agro-industrial wastes. The strain producing maximum PGase was identified as Bacillus licheniformis KIBE-IB3 on the basis of taxonomic studies and 16S rDNA analysis. Among different agro-industrial wastes studied, high yield of PGase was achieved from fermentation broth having wheat bran (1.0%) as a substrate in to the medium supplemented with nitrogen sources in combination of NaNO3 and yeast extract while KH2PO4 was selected as suitable micronutrient. After optimizing fermentation parameters it was noticed that Bacillus licheniformis KIBE-IB3 was capable of producing maximum PGase at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and after 48 h of incubation time. From the current research, wheat bran was proven as a cheap and easily available source throughout the year for hyper production of pectinase. The utilization of the waste will also help to minimize the concerned environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyar Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Shahid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Borszcz V, Boscato TRP, Antunes A, Zeni J, Backes GT, Valduga E. Recovery of Pectinase Obtained by Solid-State Cultivation of Agro-Industrial Residues. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Borszcz
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taísa Renata Piotroski Boscato
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela Antunes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geciane Toniazzo Backes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sugumaran K, Ponnusami V. Conventional optimization of aqueous extraction of pullulan in solid-state fermentation of cassava bagasse and Asian palm kernel. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chaudhari SA, Singhal RS. A strategic approach for direct recovery and stabilization of Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1 cutinase from solid state fermented broth by carrier free cross-linked enzyme aggregates. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:610-621. [PMID: 28192137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The major hurdles in commercial exploitation of cutinase (having both esterolytic and lipolytic activities) with potent industrial applications are its high production cost, operational instability and reusability. Although commercially available in immobilized form, its immobilization process (synthesis of support/carrier) makes it expensive. Herein we tried to address multiple issues of production cost, stability, and reusability, associated with cutinase. Waste watermelon rinds, an agroindustrial waste was considered as a cheap support for solid state fermentation (SSF) for cutinase production by newly isolated Fusarium sp. ICT SAC1. Subsequently, carrier free cross-linked enzyme aggregates of cutinase (cut-CLEA) directly from the SSF crude broth were developed. All the process variables affecting CLEA formation along with the different additives were evaluated. It was found that 50% (w/v) of ammonium sulphate, 125μmol of glutaraldehyde, cross-linking for 1h at 30°C and broth pH of 7.0, yielded 58.12% activity recovery. All other additives (hexane, butyric acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate, Trition-X 100, Tween-20, BSA) evaluated presented negative results to our hypothesis. Kinetics and morphology studies confirmed the diffusive nature of cut-CLEA and BSA cut-CLEA. Developed CLEA showed better thermal, solvent, detergent and storage stability, making it more elegant and efficient for industrial biocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep A Chaudhari
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India.
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Multiple Parameter Optimization for Maximization of Pectinase Production by Rhizopus sp. C4 under Solid State Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation2020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ahmed SA, Mostafa FA. Utilization of orange bagasse and molokhia stalk for production of pectinase enzyme. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shata HMAH, Farid MAF. Optimization of Extraction Parameters for Keratinase Recovery from Fermented Feather under Solid State Fermentation by Streptomyces sp. NRC 13S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2012.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen HQ, Chen XM, Chen TX, Xu XM, Jin ZY. Extraction optimization of inulinase obtained by solid state fermentation of Aspergillus ficuum JNSP5-06. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Utilization of agro-industrial residues for pectinase production by the novel strain Pseudozyma sp. SPJ under solid state cultivation. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Garlapati VK, Banerjee R. Evolutionary and swarm intelligence-based approaches for optimization of lipase extraction from fermented broth. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Stimulation of polygalacturonase production in an immobilized system by Aspergillus sp.: effect of pectin and glucose. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A Systematic Study on Extraction of Lipase Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Meal by a Newly Isolated Strain of Penicillium sp. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-009-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Negi S, Banerjee R. Optimization of extraction and purification of glucoamylase produced by Aspergillus awamori in solid-state fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Menoncin S, Domingues NM, Freire DMG, Toniazzo G, Cansian RL, Oliveira JV, Di Luccio M, de Oliveira D, Treichel H. Study of the Extraction, Concentration, and Partial Characterization of Lipases Obtained from Penicillium verrucosum using Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Bran. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-008-0104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mamma D, Kourtoglou E, Christakopoulos P. Fungal multienzyme production on industrial by-products of the citrus-processing industry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2373-83. [PMID: 17604624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Orange peels is the principal solid by-product of the citrus processing industry and the disposal of the fresh peels is becoming a major problem to many factories. Dry citrus peels are rich in pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose and may be used as a fermentation substrate. Production of multienzyme preparations containing pectinolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the mesophilic fungi Aspergillus niger BTL, Fusarium oxysporum F3, Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 and Penicillium decumbens under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on dry orange peels was enhanced by optimization of initial pH of the culture medium and initial moisture level. Under optimal conditions A. niger BTL was by far the most potent strain in polygalacturonase and pectate lyase, production followed by F. oxysporum F3, N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens. N. crassa DSM 1129 produced the highest endoglucanase activity and P. decumbens the lowest one. Comparison of xylanase production revealed that A. niger BTL produced the highest activity followed by N. crassa DSM 1129, P. decumbens and F. oxysporum F3. N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens did not produce any beta-xylosidase activity, while A. niger BTL produced approximately 10 times more beta-xylosidase than F. oxysporum F3. The highest invertase activity was produced by A. niger BTL while the lowest ones by F. oxysporum F3 and P. decumbens. After SSF of the four fungi, under optimal conditions, the fermented substrate was either directly exposed to autohydrolysis or new material was added, and the in situ produced multienzyme systems were successfully used for the partial degradation of orange peels polysaccharides and the liberation of fermentable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diomi Mamma
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 157 80 Zografou, Attica, Greece
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Gupta S, Kapoor M, Sharma KK, Nair LM, Kuhad RC. Production and recovery of an alkaline exo-polygalacturonase from Bacillus subtilis RCK under solid-state fermentation using statistical approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:937-45. [PMID: 17459700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The empirical models developed through two independent RSM (RSM-I, 2(3); RSM-II, 2(5)) in terms of effective operational factors of inoculum age, inoculum volume, wheat bran-to-moisture ratio (RSM-I) and contact time, extraction temperature, agitation, fermented bran-to-solvent ratio and SDS (RSM-II) were found adequate to describe the optimization of exo-polygalacturonase from Bacillus subtilis RCK under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. Through the analysis of RSM-I, wheat bran-to-moisture ratio and inoculum volume were found to be the most significant factors and an increment in both had a positive effect in enhancing enzyme yield, while in RSM-II all the factors significantly affected enzyme recovery except fermented bran-to-solvent ratio, which had the least impact within the ranges investigated in enhancing enzyme recovery. Based on contour plots and variance analysis, optimum operational conditions for maximum exo-polygalacturonase yield were achieved when 1.5% (v/w) of 24h old (OD(600 nm) approximately 2.7+/-0.2) B. subtilis RCK cells were inoculated on moistened wheat bran (1:7 solid substrate-to-moisture ratio) and enzyme was harvested by addition of solvent (1:6 fermented bran-to-solvent ratio) under shaking conditions (200 rpm) in presence of SDS (0.25% w/v) for 15 min at 35 degrees C. An over all 3.4 fold (1.7-fold RSM-I; 2.0 fold RSM-II) increase in enzyme production was attained because of optimization by RSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Gupta
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi 110021, India
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Extraction of Inulinase Obtained by Solid State Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse by Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 149:195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Díaz AB, Caro I, de Ory I, Blandino A. Evaluation of the conditions for the extraction of hydrolitic enzymes obtained by solid state fermentation from grape pomace. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Starting with a brief history of solid-state fermentation (SSF), major aspects of SSF are reviewed, which include factors affecting SSF, biomass, fermentors, modeling, industrial microbial enzymes, organic acids, secondary metabolites, and bioremediation. Physico-chemical and environmental factors such as inoculum type, moisture and water activity, pH, temperature, substrate, particle size, aeration and agitation, nutritional factors, and oxygen and carbon dioxide affecting SSF are reviewed. The advantages of SSF over Submerged Fermentation (SmF) are indicated, and the different types of fermentors used in SSF described. The economic feasibilities of adopting SSF technology in the commercial production of industrial enzymes such as amylases, cellulases, xylanase, proteases, phytases, lipases, etc., organic acids such as citric acid and lactic acid, and secondary metabolites such as gibberellic acid, ergot alkaloids, and antibiotics such as penicillin, cyclosporin, cephamycin and tetracyclines are highlighted. The relevance of applying SSF technology in the production of mycotoxins, biofuels, and biocontrol agents is discussed, and the need for adopting SSF technology in bioremediation of toxic compounds, biological detoxication of agro-industrial residues, and biotransformation of agro-products and residues is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundakkadu Krishna
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA.
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Heck JX, Hertz PF, Ayub MAZ. Extraction optimization of xylanases obtained by solid-state cultivation of Bacillus circulans BL53. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Silva D, Tokuioshi K, da Silva Martins E, Da Silva R, Gomes E. Production of pectinase by solid-state fermentation with Penicillium viridicatum RFC3. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Souza JV, Silva ÉS, Maia ML, Teixeira MF. Screening of fungal strains for pectinolytic activity: endopolygalacturonase production by Peacilomyces clavisporus 2A.UMIDA.1. Process Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mitchell DA, Berovic M, Krieger N. Biochemical engineering aspects of solid state bioprocessing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 68:61-138. [PMID: 11036686 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45564-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite centuries of use and renewed interest over the last 20 years in solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology, and despite its good potential for a range of products, there are currently relatively few large-scale commercial applications. This situation can be attributed to the complexity of the system: Macroscale and microscale heat and mass transfer limitations are intrinsic to the system, and it is only over the last decade or so that we have begun to understand them. This review presents the current state of understanding of biochemical engineering aspects of SSF processing, including not only the fermentation itself, but also the auxiliary steps of substrate and inoculum preparation and downstream processing and waste disposal. The fermentation step has received most research attention. Significant advances have been made over the last decade in understanding how the performance of SSF bioreactors can be controlled either by the intraparticle processes of enzyme and oxygen diffusion or by the macroscale heat transfer processes of conduction, convection, and evaporation. Mathematical modeling has played an important role in suggesting how SSF bioreactors should be designed and operated. However, these models have been developed on the basis of laboratory-scale data and there is an urgent need to test these models with data obtained in large-scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mitchell
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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Castilho LR, Polato CM, Baruque EA, Sant’Anna GL, Freire DM. Economic analysis of lipase production by Penicillium restrictum in solid-state and submerged fermentations. Biochem Eng J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(99)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aikat K, Bhattacharyya BC. Optimization of some parameters of solid state fermentation of wheat bran for protease production by a local strain ofRhizopus oryzae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gombert AK, Pinto AL, Castilho LR, Freire DM. Lipase production by Penicillium restrictum in solid-state fermentation using babassu oil cake as substrate. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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